On my return to London I saw Sir Ruggles Brise. No one could have shown me warmer sympathy, or more discriminating1 comprehension. I made my report to him and left the matter in his hands with perfect confidence. I took care to describe Oscar’s condition to his friends while assuring them that his circumstances would soon be bettered. A little later I heard that the governor of the prison had been changed, that Oscar had got books and writing materials, and was allowed to have the gas burning in his cell to a late hour when it was turned down but not out. In fact, from that time on he was treated with all the kindness possible, and soon we heard that he was bearing the confinement2 and discipline better than could have been expected. Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise had evidently settled the difficulty in the most humane3 spirit.
Later still I was told that Oscar had begun to write “De Profundis” in prison, and I was very hopeful about that too: no news could have given me greater pleasure. It seemed to me certain that he would justify4 himself to men by turning the punishment into a stepping-stone. And in this belief when the time came I ventured to call on Sir Ruggles Brise with another petition.
“Surely,” I said, “Oscar will not be imprisoned5 for the full term; surely four or five months for good conduct will be remitted7?”
Sir Ruggles Brise listened sympathetically, but warned me at once that any remission was exceptional; however, he would let me know what could be done, if I would call again in a week. Much to my surprise, he did not seem certain even about the good conduct.
I returned at the end of the week, and had another long talk with him. He told me that good conduct meant, in prison parlance8, absence of punishment, and Oscar had been punished pretty often. Of course his offenses9 were minor10 offenses; nothing serious; childish faults indeed for the most part: he was often talking, and he was often late in the morning; his cell was not kept so well as it might be, and so forth11; peccadilloes12, all; yet a certificate of “good conduct” depended on such trifling13 observances. In face of Oscar’s record Sir Ruggles Brise did not think that the sentence would be easily lessened14. I was thunder-struck. But then no rules to me are sacrosanct15; indeed, they are only tolerable because of the exceptions. I had such a high opinion of Ruggles Brise — his kindness and sense of fair play — that I ventured to show him my whole mind on the matter.
“Oscar Wilde,” I said to him, “is just about to face life again: he is more than half reconciled to his wife; he has begun a book, is shouldering the burden. A little encouragement now and I believe he will do better things than he has ever done. I am convinced that he has far bigger things in him than we have seen yet. But he is extraordinarily16 sensitive and extraordinarily vain. The danger is that he may be frightened and blighted17 by the harshness and hatred18 of the world. He may shrink into himself and do nothing if the wind be not tempered a little for him. A hint of encouragement now, the feeling that men like yourself think him worthful and deserving of special kindly19 treatment, and I feel certain he will do great things. I really believe it is in your hands to save a man of extraordinary talent, and get the best out of him, if you care to do it.”
“Of course I care to do it,” he cried. “You cannot doubt that, and I see exactly what you mean; but it will not be easy.”
“Won’t you see what can be done?” I persisted. “Put your mind to discover how it should be done, how the Home Secretary may be induced to remit6 the last few months of Wilde’s sentence.”
After a little while he replied:
“You must believe that the authorities are quite willing to help in any good work, more than willing, and I am sure I speak for the Home Secretary as well as for myself; but it is for you to give us some reason for acting20 — a reason that could be avowed21 and defended.”
I did not at first catch his drift; so I persevered22:
“You admit that the reason exists, that it would be a good thing to favour Wilde, then why not do it?”
“We live,” he said, “under parliamentary rule. Suppose the question were asked in the House, and I think it very likely in the present state of public opinion that the question would be asked: what should we answer? It would not be an avowable reason that we hoped Wilde would write new plays and books, would it? That reason ought to be sufficient, I grant you; but, you see yourself, it would not be so regarded.”
“You are right, I suppose,” I had to admit. “But if I got you a petition from men of letters, asking you to release Wilde for his health’s sake: would that do?”
Sir Ruggles Brise jumped at the suggestion.
“Certainly,” he exclaimed, “if some men of letters, men of position, wrote asking that Wilde’s sentence should be diminished by three or four months on account of his health, I think it would have the best effect.”
“I will see Meredith at once,” I said, “and some others. How many names should I get?”
“If you have Meredith,” he replied, “you don’t need many others. A dozen would do, or fewer if you find a dozen too many.”
“I don’t think I shall meet with any difficulty,” I replied, “but I will let you know.”
“You will find it harder than you think,” he concluded, “but if you get one or two great names the rest may follow. In any case one or two good names will make it easier for you.”
Naturally I thanked him for his kindness and went away absolutely content. I had never set myself a task which seemed simpler. Meredith could not be more merciless than a Royal Commission. I returned to my office in The Saturday Review and got the Royal Commission report on this sentence of two years’ imprisonment23 with hard labour. The Commission recommended that it should be wiped off the Statute24 Book as too severe. I drafted a little petition as colourless as possible:
“In view of the fact that the punishment of two years’ imprisonment with hard labour has been condemned25 by a Royal Commission as too severe, and inasmuch as Mr. Wilde has been distinguished26 by his work in letters and is now, we hear, suffering in health, we, your petitioners27, pray — and so forth and so on.”
I got this printed, and then sat down to write to Meredith asking when I could see him on the matter. I wanted his signature first to be printed underneath28 the petition, and then issue it. To my astonishment29 Meredith did not answer at once, and when I pressed him and set forth the facts he wrote to me that he could not do what I wished. I wrote again, begging him to let me see him on the matter. For the first time in my life he refused to see me: he wrote to me to say that nothing I could urge would move him, and it would therefore only be painful to both of us to find ourselves in conflict.
Nothing ever surprised me more than this attitude of Meredith’s. I knew his poetry pretty well, and knew how severe he was on every sensual weakness perhaps because it was his own pitfall30. I knew too what a fighter he was at heart and how he loved the virile31 virtues32; but I thought I knew the man, knew his tender kindliness33 of heart, the founts of pity in him, and I felt certain I could count on him for any office of human charity or generosity34. But no, he was impenetrable, hard. He told me long afterwards that he had rather a low opinion of Wilde’s capacities, instinctive35, deep-rooted contempt, too, for the showman in him, and an absolute abhorrence36 of his vice37.
“That vile38, sensual self-indulgence puts back the hands of the clock,” he said, “and should not be forgiven.”
For the life of me I could never forgive Meredith; never afterwards was he of any importance to me. He had always been to me a standard bearer in the eternal conflict, a leader in the Liberation War of Humanity, and here I found him pitiless to another who had been wounded on the same side in the great struggle: it seemed to me appalling39. True, Wilde had not been wounded in fighting for us; true, he had fallen out and come to grief, as a drunkard might. But after all he had been fighting on the right side: had been a quickening intellectual influence: it was dreadful to pass him on the wayside and allow him callously40 to bleed to death. It was revoltingly cruel! The foremost Englishman of his time unable even to understand Christ’s example, much less reach his height!
This refusal of Meredith’s not only hurt me, but almost destroyed my hope, though it did not alter my purpose. I wanted a figurehead for my petition, and the figurehead I had chosen I could not get. I began to wonder and doubt. I next approached a very different man, the late Professor Churton Collins, a great friend of mine, who, in spite of an almost pedantic41 rigour of mind and character, had in him at bottom a curious spring of sympathy — a little pool of pure love for the poets and writers whom he admired. I got him to dinner and asked him to sign the petition; he refused, but on grounds other than those taken by Meredith.
“Of course Wilde ought to get out,” he said, “the sentence was a savage42 one and showed bitter prejudice; but I have children, and my own way to make in the world, and if I did this I should be tarred with the Wilde brush. I cannot afford to do it. If he were really a great man I hope I should do it, but I don’t agree with your estimate of him. I cannot think I am called upon to bell the British cat in his defence: it has many claws and all sharp.”
As soon as he saw the position was unworthy of him, he shifted to new ground.
“If you were justified43 in coming to me, I should do it; but I am no one; why don’t you go to Meredith, Swinburne or Hardy44?”
I had to give up the Professor, as well as the poet. I knocked in turn at a great many doors, but all in vain. No one wished to take the odium on himself. One man, since become celebrated45, said he had no position, his name was not good enough for the purpose. Others left my letters unanswered. Yet another sent a bare acknowledgment saying how sorry he was, but that public opinion was against Mr. Wilde; with one accord they all made excuses. . . .
One day Professor Tyrrell of Trinity College, Dublin, happened to be in my office, while I was setting forth the difference between men of letters in France and England as exemplified by this conduct. In France among authors there is a recognised “esprit de corps,” which constrains46 them to hold together. For instance when Zola was threatened with prosecution47 for “Nana,” a dozen men like Cherbuliez, Feuillet, Dumas fils, who hated his work and regarded it as sensational48, tawdry, immoral49 even, took up the cudgels for him at once; declared that the police were not judges of art, and should not interfere50 with a serious workman. All these Frenchmen, though they disliked Zola’s work, and believed that his popularity was won by a low appeal, still admitted that he was a force in letters, and stood by him resolutely51 in spite of their own prepossessions and prejudices. But in England the feeling is altogether more selfish. Everyone consults his own sordid52 self-interest and is rather glad to see a social favourite come to grief: not a hand is stretched out to help him. Suddenly, Tyrrell broke in upon my exposition:
“I don’t know whether my name is of any good to you,” he said, “but I agree with all you have said, and my name might be classed with that of Churton Collins, though, of course, I’ve no right to speak for literature,” and without more ado he signed the petition, adding, “Regius Professor of Greek at Trinity College, Dublin.”
“When you next see Oscar,” he continued, “please tell him that my wife and I asked after him. We both hold him in grateful memory as a most brilliant talker and writer, and a charming fellow to boot. Confusion take all their English Puritanism.”
Merely living in Ireland tends to make an Englishman more humane; but one name was not enough, and Tyrrell’s was the only one I could get. In despair, and knowing that George Wyndham had had a great liking53 for Oscar, and admiration54 for his high talent, I asked him to lunch at the Savoy; laid the matter before him, and begged him to give me his name. He refused, and in face of my astonishment he excused himself by saying that, as soon as the rumour55 had reached him of Oscar’s intimacy56 with Bosie Douglas, he had asked Oscar whether there was any truth in the scandalous report.
“You see,” he went on, “Bosie is by way of being a relation of mine, and so I had the right to ask. Oscar gave me his word of honour that there was nothing but friendship between them. He lied to me, and that I can never forgive.”
A politician unable to forgive a lie — surely one can hear the mocking laughter of the gods! I could say nothing to such paltry57 affected58 nonsense. Politician-like Wyndham showed me how the wind of popular feeling blew, and I recognised that my efforts were in vain.
There is no fellow-feeling among English men of letters; in fact they hold together less than any other class and, by himself, none of them wished to help a wounded member of the flock. I had to tell Sir Ruggles Brise that I had failed.
I have been informed since that if I had begun by asking Thomas Hardy, I might have succeeded. I knew Hardy; but never cared greatly for his talent. I daresay if I had had nothing else to do I might have succeeded in some half degree. But all these two years I was extremely busy and anxious; the storm clouds in South Africa were growing steadily59 darker and my attitude to South African affairs was exceedingly unpopular in London. It seemed to me vitally important to prevent England from making war on the Boers. I had to abandon the attempt to get Oscar’s sentence shortened, and comfort myself with Sir Ruggles Brise’s assurance that he would be treated with the greatest possible consideration.
Still, my advocacy had had a good effect.
Oscar himself has told us what the kindness shown to him in the last six months of his prison life really did for him. He writes in De Profundis that for the first part of his sentence he could only wring60 his hands in impotent despair and cry, “What an ending, what an appalling ending!” But when the new spirit of kindness came to him, he could say with sincerity61: “What a beginning, what a wonderful beginning!” He sums it all up in these words:
“Had I been released after eighteen months, as I hoped to be, I would have left my prison loathing62 it and every official in it with a bitterness of hatred that would have poisoned my life. I have had six months more of imprisonment, but humanity has been in the prison with us all the time, and now when I go out I shall always remember great kindnesses that I have received here from almost everybody, and on the day of my release I shall give many thanks to many people, and ask to be remembered by them in turn.”
This is the man whom Mr. Justice Wills addressed as insensible to any high appeal.
Some time passed before I visited Oscar again. The change in him was extraordinary. He was light-hearted, gay, and looked better than I had ever seen him: clearly the austerity of prison life suited him. He met me with a jest:
“It is you, Frank!” he cried as if astonished, “always original! You come back to prison of your own free-will!”
He declared that the new governor — Major Nelson18 was his name — had been as kind as possible to him. He had not had a punishment for months, and “Oh, Frank, the joy of reading when you like and writing as you please — the delight of living again!” He was so infinitely63 improved that his talk delighted me.
“What books have you?” I asked.
“I thought I should like the ‘Oedipus Rex,’” he replied gravely; “but I could not read it. It all seemed unreal to me. Then I thought of St. Augustine, but he was worse still. The fathers of the Church were still further away from me; they all found it so easy to repent64 and change their lives: it does not seem to me easy. At last I got hold of Dante. Dante was what I wanted. I read the ‘Purgatorio’ all through, forced myself to read it in Italian to get the full savour and significance of it. Dante, too, had been in the depths and drunk the bitter lees of despair. I shall want a little library when I come out, a library of a score of books. I wonder if you will help me to get it. I want Flaubert, Stevenson, Baudelaire, Maeterlinck, Dumas père, Keats, Marlowe, Chatterton, Anatole France, Théophile Gautier, Dante, Goethe, Meredith’s poems, and his ‘Egoist,’ the Song of Solomon, too, Job, and, of course, the Gospels.”
“I shall be delighted to get them for you,” I said, “if you will send me the list. By the by, I hear that you have been reconciled to your wife; is that true? I should be glad to know it’s true.”
“I hope it will be all right,” he said gravely, “she is very good and kind. I suppose you have heard,” he went on, “that my mother died since I came here, and that leaves a great gap in my life. . . . I always had the greatest admiration and love for my mother. She was a great woman, Frank, a perfect idealist. My father got into trouble once in Dublin, perhaps you have heard about it?”
“Oh, yes,” I said, “I have read the case.” (It is narrated65 in the first chapter of this book.)
“Well, Frank, she stood up in court and bore witness for him with perfect serenity66, with perfect trust and without a shadow of common womanly jealousy67. She could not believe that the man she loved could be unworthy, and her conviction was so complete that it communicated itself to the jury: her trust was so noble that they became infected by it, and brought him in guiltless.19 Extraordinary, was it not? She was quite sure too of the verdict. It is only noble souls who have that assurance and serenity. . . .
“When my father was dying it was the same thing. I always see her sitting there by his bedside with a sort of dark veil over her head: quite silent, quite calm. Nothing ever troubled her optimism. She believed that only good can happen to us. When death came to the man she loved, she accepted it with the same serenity and when my sister died she bore it in the same high way. My sister was a wonderful creature, so gay and high-spirited, ‘embodied sunshine,’ I used to call her.
“When we lost her, my mother simply took it that it was best for the child. Women have infinitely more courage than men, don’t you think? I have never known anyone with such perfect faith as my mother. She was one of the great figures of the world. What she must have suffered over my sentence I don’t dare to think: I’m sure she endured agonies. She had great hopes of me. When she was told that she was going to die, and that she could not see me, for I was not allowed to go to her,20 she said, ‘May the prison help him,’ and turned her face to the wall.
“She felt about the prison as you do, Frank, and really I think you are both right; it has helped me. There are things I see now that I never saw before. I see what pity means. I thought a work of art should be beautiful and joyous68. But now I see that that ideal is insufficient69, even shallow; a work of art must be founded on pity; a book or poem which has no pity in it, had better not be written. . . .
“I shall be very lonely when I come out, and I can’t stand loneliness and solitude70; it is intolerable to me, hateful, I have had too much of it. . . .
“You see, Frank, I am breaking with the past altogether. I am going to write the history of it. I am going to tell how I was tempted71 and fell, how I was pushed by the man I loved into that dreadful quarrel of his, driven forward to the fight with his father and then left to suffer alone. . . .
“That is the story I am now going to tell. That is the book21 of pity and of love which I am writing now — a terrible book. . . .
“I wonder would you publish it, Frank? I should like it to appear in The Saturday.”
“I’d be delighted to publish anything of yours,” I replied, “and happier still to publish something to show that you have at length chosen the better part and are beginning a new life. I’d pay you, too, whatever the work turns out to be worth to me; in any case much more than I pay Bernard Shaw or anyone else.” I said this to encourage him.
“I’m sure of that,” he answered. “I’ll send you the book as soon as I’ve finished it. I think you’ll like it”— and there for the moment the matter ended.
At length I felt sure that all would be well with him. How could I help feeling sure? His mind was richer and stronger than it had ever been; and he had broken with all the dark past. I was overjoyed to believe that he would yet do greater things than he had ever done, and this belief and determination were in him too, as anyone can see on reading what he wrote at this time in prison:
“There is before me so much to do that I would regard it as a terrible tragedy if I died before I was allowed to complete at any rate a little of it. I see new developments in art and life, each one of which is a fresh mode of perfection. I long to live so that I can explore what is no less than a new world to me. Do you want to know what this new world is? I think you can guess what it is. It is the world in which I have been living. Sorrow, then, and all that it teaches one, is my new world. . . .
“I used to live entirely72 for pleasure. I shunned73 suffering and sorrow of every kind. I hated both. . . . ”
Through the prison bars Oscar had begun to see how mistaken he had been, how much greater, and more salutary to the soul, suffering is than pleasure.
“Out of sorrow have the worlds been built, and at the birth of a child or a star there is pain.”
点击收听单词发音
1 discriminating | |
a.有辨别能力的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
2 confinement | |
n.幽禁,拘留,监禁;分娩;限制,局限 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
3 humane | |
adj.人道的,富有同情心的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
4 justify | |
vt.证明…正当(或有理),为…辩护 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
5 imprisoned | |
下狱,监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
6 remit | |
v.汇款,汇寄;豁免(债务),免除(处罚等) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
7 remitted | |
v.免除(债务),宽恕( remit的过去式和过去分词 );使某事缓和;寄回,传送 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
8 parlance | |
n.说法;语调 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
9 offenses | |
n.进攻( offense的名词复数 );(球队的)前锋;进攻方法;攻势 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
10 minor | |
adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
11 forth | |
adv.向前;向外,往外 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
12 peccadilloes | |
n.轻罪,小过失( peccadillo的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
13 trifling | |
adj.微不足道的;没什么价值的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
14 lessened | |
减少的,减弱的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
15 sacrosanct | |
adj.神圣不可侵犯的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
16 extraordinarily | |
adv.格外地;极端地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
17 blighted | |
adj.枯萎的,摧毁的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
18 hatred | |
n.憎恶,憎恨,仇恨 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
19 kindly | |
adj.和蔼的,温和的,爽快的;adv.温和地,亲切地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
20 acting | |
n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
21 avowed | |
adj.公开声明的,承认的v.公开声明,承认( avow的过去式和过去分词) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
22 persevered | |
v.坚忍,坚持( persevere的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
23 imprisonment | |
n.关押,监禁,坐牢 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
24 statute | |
n.成文法,法令,法规;章程,规则,条例 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
25 condemned | |
adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
26 distinguished | |
adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
27 petitioners | |
n.请求人,请愿人( petitioner的名词复数 );离婚案原告 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
28 underneath | |
adj.在...下面,在...底下;adv.在下面 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
29 astonishment | |
n.惊奇,惊异 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
30 pitfall | |
n.隐患,易犯的错误;陷阱,圈套 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
31 virile | |
adj.男性的;有男性生殖力的;有男子气概的;强有力的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
32 virtues | |
美德( virtue的名词复数 ); 德行; 优点; 长处 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
33 kindliness | |
n.厚道,亲切,友好的行为 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
34 generosity | |
n.大度,慷慨,慷慨的行为 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
35 instinctive | |
adj.(出于)本能的;直觉的;(出于)天性的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
36 abhorrence | |
n.憎恶;可憎恶的事 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
37 vice | |
n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
38 vile | |
adj.卑鄙的,可耻的,邪恶的;坏透的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
39 appalling | |
adj.骇人听闻的,令人震惊的,可怕的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
40 callously | |
参考例句: |
|
|
41 pedantic | |
adj.卖弄学问的;迂腐的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
42 savage | |
adj.野蛮的;凶恶的,残暴的;n.未开化的人 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
43 justified | |
a.正当的,有理的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
44 hardy | |
adj.勇敢的,果断的,吃苦的;耐寒的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
45 celebrated | |
adj.有名的,声誉卓著的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
46 constrains | |
强迫( constrain的第三人称单数 ); 强使; 限制; 约束 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
47 prosecution | |
n.起诉,告发,检举,执行,经营 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
48 sensational | |
adj.使人感动的,非常好的,轰动的,耸人听闻的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
49 immoral | |
adj.不道德的,淫荡的,荒淫的,有伤风化的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
50 interfere | |
v.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
51 resolutely | |
adj.坚决地,果断地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
52 sordid | |
adj.肮脏的,不干净的,卑鄙的,暗淡的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
53 liking | |
n.爱好;嗜好;喜欢 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
54 admiration | |
n.钦佩,赞美,羡慕 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
55 rumour | |
n.谣言,谣传,传闻 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
56 intimacy | |
n.熟悉,亲密,密切关系,亲昵的言行 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
57 paltry | |
adj.无价值的,微不足道的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
58 affected | |
adj.不自然的,假装的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
59 steadily | |
adv.稳定地;不变地;持续地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
60 wring | |
n.扭绞;v.拧,绞出,扭 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
61 sincerity | |
n.真诚,诚意;真实 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
62 loathing | |
n.厌恶,憎恨v.憎恨,厌恶( loathe的现在分词);极不喜欢 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
63 infinitely | |
adv.无限地,无穷地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
64 repent | |
v.悔悟,悔改,忏悔,后悔 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
65 narrated | |
v.故事( narrate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
66 serenity | |
n.宁静,沉着,晴朗 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
67 jealousy | |
n.妒忌,嫉妒,猜忌 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
68 joyous | |
adj.充满快乐的;令人高兴的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
69 insufficient | |
adj.(for,of)不足的,不够的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
70 solitude | |
n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
71 tempted | |
v.怂恿(某人)干不正当的事;冒…的险(tempt的过去分词) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
72 entirely | |
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
73 shunned | |
v.避开,回避,避免( shun的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
欢迎访问英文小说网 |