And again, in the matter of his ideas, which have been thrust upon him, and which he has been busily garnering6 from the great world ever since the day when his eyes first focussed and he drew, startled, against the warm breast of his mother — the tyranny of these he cannot shake off. Servants of his will, they at the same time master him. They may not coerce7 genius, but they dictate8 and sway every action of the clay-born. If he hesitate on the verge9 of a new departure, they whip him back into the well-greased groove10; if he pause, bewildered, at sight of some unexplored domain11, they rise like ubiquitous finger-posts and direct him by the village path to the communal12 meadow. And he permits these things, and continues to permit them, for he cannot help them, and he is a slave. Out of his ideas he may weave cunning theories, beautiful ideals; but he is working with ropes of sand. At the slightest stress, the last least bit of cohesion13 flits away, and each idea flies apart from its fellows, while all clamour that he do this thing, or think this thing, in the ancient and time-honoured way. He is only a clay-born; so he bends his neck. He knows further that the clay-born are a pitiful, pitiless majority, and that he may do nothing which they do not do.
It is only in some way such as this that we may understand and explain the dignity which attaches itself to dollars. In the watches of the night, we may assure ourselves that there is no such dignity; but jostling with our fellows in the white light of day, we find that it does exist, and that we ourselves measure ourselves by the dollars we happen to possess. They give us confidence and carriage and dignity — ay, a personal dignity which goes down deeper than the garments with which we hide our nakedness. The world, when it knows nothing else of him, measures a man by his clothes; but the man himself, if he be neither a genius nor a philosopher, but merely a clay-born, measures himself by his pocket-book. He cannot help it, and can no more fling it from him than can the bashful young man his self-consciousness when crossing a ballroom14 floor.
I remember once absenting myself from civilization for weary months. When I returned, it was to a strange city in another country. The people were but slightly removed from my own breed, and they spoke15 the same tongue, barring a certain barbarous accent which I learned was far older than the one imbibed16 by me with my mother’s milk. A fur cap, soiled and singed17 by many camp-fires, half sheltered the shaggy tendrils of my uncut hair. My foot-gear was of walrus18 hide, cunningly blended with seal gut19. The remainder of my dress was as primal20 and uncouth21. I was a sight to give merriment to gods and men. Olympus must have roared at my coming. The world, knowing me not, could judge me by my clothes alone. But I refused to be so judged. My spiritual backbone22 stiffened23, and I held my head high, looking all men in the eyes. And I did these things, not that I was an egotist, not that I was impervious24 to the critical glances of my fellows, but because of a certain hogskin belt, plethoric25 and sweat-bewrinkled, which buckled26 next the skin above the hips27. Oh, it’s absurd, I grant, but had that belt not been so circumstanced, and so situated28, I should have shrunk away into side streets and back alleys29, walking humbly30 and avoiding all gregarious31 humans except those who were likewise abroad without belts. Why? I do not know, save that in such way did my fathers before me.
Viewed in the light of sober reason, the whole thing was preposterous32. But I walked down the gang-plank with the mien33 of a hero, of a barbarian34 who knew himself to be greater than the civilization he invaded. I was possessed35 of the arrogance36 of a Roman governor. At last I knew what it was to be born to the purple, and I took my seat in the hotel carriage as though it were my chariot about to proceed with me to the imperial palace. People discreetly37 dropped their eyes before my proud gaze, and into their hearts I know I forced the query38, What manner of man can this mortal be? I was superior to convention, and the very garb39 which otherwise would have damned me tended toward my elevation40. And all this was due, not to my royal lineage, nor to the deeds I had done and the champions I had overthrown41, but to a certain hogskin belt buckled next the skin. The sweat of months was upon it, toil42 had defaced it, and it was not a creation such as would appeal to the aesthetic43 mind; but it was plethoric. There was the arcanum; each yellow grain conduced to my exaltation, and the sum of these grains was the sum of my mightiness44. Had they been less, just so would have been my stature45; more, and I should have reached the sky.
And this was my royal progress through that most loyal city. I purchased a host of things from the tradespeople, and bought me such pleasures and diversions as befitted one who had long been denied. I scattered47 my gold lavishly48, nor did I chaffer over prices in mart or exchange. And, because of these things I did, I demanded homage49. Nor was it refused. I moved through wind-swept groves50 of limber backs; across sunny glades51, lighted by the beaming rays from a thousand obsequious52 eyes; and when I tired of this, basked53 on the greensward of popular approval. Money was very good, I thought, and for the time was content. But there rushed upon me the words of Erasmus, “When I get some money I shall buy me some Greek books, and afterwards some clothes,” and a great shame wrapped me around. But, luckily for my soul’s welfare, I reflected and was saved. By the clearer vision vouchsafed54 me, I beheld55 Erasmus, fire-flashing, heaven-born, while I— I was merely a clay-born, a son of earth. For a giddy moment I had forgotten this, and tottered56. And I rolled over on my greensward, caught a glimpse of a regiment57 of undulating backs, and thanked my particular gods that such moods of madness were passing brief.
But on another day, receiving with kingly condescension58 the service of my good subjects’ backs, I remembered the words of another man, long since laid away, who was by birth a nobleman, by nature a philosopher and a gentleman, and who by circumstance yielded up his head upon the block. “That a man of lead,” he once remarked, “who has no more sense than a log of wood, and is as bad as he is foolish, should have many wise and good men to serve him, only because he has a great heap of that metal; and that if, by some accident or trick of law (which sometimes produces as great changes as chance itself), all this wealth should pass from the master to the meanest varlet of his whole family, he himself would very soon become one of his servants, as if he were a thing that belonged to his wealth, and so was bound to follow its fortune.”
And when I had remembered this much, I unwisely failed to pause and reflect. So I gathered my belongings59 together, cinched my hogskin belt tight about me, and went away to my own country. It was a very foolish thing to do. I am sure it was. But when I had recovered my reason, I fell upon my particular gods and berated60 them mightily61, and as penance62 for their watchlessness placed them away amongst dust and cobwebs. Oh no, not for long. They are again enshrined, as bright and polished as of yore, and my destiny is once more in their keeping.
It is given that travail63 and vicissitude64 mark time to man’s footsteps as he stumbles onward65 toward the grave; and it is well. Without the bitter one may not know the sweet. The other day — nay66, it was but yesterday — I fell before the rhythm of fortune. The inexorable pendulum67 had swung the counter direction, and there was upon me an urgent need. The hogskin belt was flat as famine, nor did it longer gird my loins. From my window I could descry68, at no great distance, a very ordinary mortal of a man, working industriously69 among his cabbages. I thought: Here am I, capable of teaching him much concerning the field wherein he labours — the nitrogenic — why of the fertilizer, the alchemy of the sun, the microscopic70 cell-structure of the plant, the cryptic71 chemistry of root and runner — but thereat he straightened his work-wearied back and rested. His eyes wandered over what he had produced in the sweat of his brow, then on to mine. And as he stood there drearily72, he became reproach incarnate. “Unstable as water,” he said (I am sure he did)—“unstable as water, thou shalt not excel. Man, where are your cabbages?”
I shrank back. Then I waxed rebellious73. I refused to answer the question. He had no right to ask it, and his presence was an affront74 upon the landscape. And a dignity entered into me, and my neck was stiffened, my head poised75. I gathered together certain certificates of goods and chattels76, pointed77 my heel towards him and his cabbages, and journeyed townward. I was yet a man. There was naught78 in those certificates to be ashamed of. But alack-a-day! While my heels thrust the cabbage-man beyond the horizon, my toes were drawing me, faltering79, like a timid old beggar, into a roaring spate80 of humanity — men, women, and children without end. They had no concern with me, nor I with them. I knew it; I felt it. Like She, after her fire-bath in the womb of the world, I dwindled81 in my own sight. My feet were uncertain and heavy, and my soul became as a meal sack, limp with emptiness and tied in the middle. People looked upon me scornfully, pitifully, reproachfully. (I can swear they did.) In every eye I read the question, Man, where are your cabbages?
So I avoided their looks, shrinking close to the kerbstone and by furtive82 glances directing my progress. At last I came hard by the place, and peering stealthily to the right and left that none who knew might behold83 me, I entered hurriedly, in the manner of one committing an abomination. ‘Fore God! I had done no evil, nor had I wronged any man, nor did I contemplate84 evil; yet was I aware of evil. Why? I do not know, save that there goes much dignity with dollars, and being devoid85 of the one I was destitute86 of the other. The person I sought practised a profession as ancient as the oracles87 but far more lucrative88. It is mentioned in Exodus89; so it must have been created soon after the foundations of the world; and despite the thunder of ecclesiastics90 and the mailed hand of kings and conquerors91, it has endured even to this day. Nor is it unfair to presume that the accounts of this most remarkable92 business will not be closed until the Trumps93 of Doom94 are sounded and all things brought to final balance.
Wherefore it was in fear and trembling, and with great modesty95 of spirit, that I entered the Presence. To confess that I was shocked were to do my feelings an injustice96. Perhaps the blame may be shouldered upon Shylock, Fagin, and their ilk; but I had conceived an entirely different type of individual. This man — why, he was clean to look at, his eyes were blue, with the tired look of scholarly lucubrations, and his skin had the normal pallor of sedentary existence. He was reading a book, sober and leather-bound, while on his finely moulded, intellectual head reposed97 a black skull-cap. For all the world his look and attitude were those of a college professor. My heart gave a great leap. Here was hope! But no; he fixed98 me with a cold and glittering eye, searching with the chill of space till my financial status stood before him shivering and ashamed. I communed with myself: By his brow he is a thinker, but his intellect has been prostituted to a mercenary exaction99 of toll100 from misery101. His nerve centres of judgment102 and will have not been employed in solving the problems of life, but in maintaining his own solvency103 by the insolvency104 of others. He trades upon sorrow and draws a livelihood105 from misfortune. He transmutes106 tears into treasure, and from nakedness and hunger garbs107 himself in clean linen108 and develops the round of his belly109. He is a bloodsucker and a vampire110. He lays unholy hands on heaven and hell at cent. per cent., and his very existence is a sacrilege and a blasphemy111. And yet here am I, wilting112 before him, an arrant113 coward, with no respect for him and less for myself. Why should this shame be? Let me rouse in my strength and smite114 him, and, by so doing, wipe clean one offensive page.
But no. As I said, he fixed me with a cold and glittering eye, and in it was the aristocrat’s undisguised contempt for the canaille. Behind him was the solid phalanx of a bourgeois115 society. Law and order upheld him, while I titubated, cabbageless, on the ragged116 edge. Moreover, he was possessed of a formula whereby to extract juice from a flattened117 lemon, and he would do business with me.
I told him my desires humbly, in quavering syllables118. In return, he craved119 my antecedents and residence, pried120 into my private life, insolently121 demanded how many children had I and did I live in wedlock122, and asked divers46 other unseemly and degrading questions. Ay, I was treated like a thief convicted before the act, till I produced my certificates of goods and chattels aforementioned. Never had they appeared so insignificant123 and paltry124 as then, when he sniffed125 over them with the air of one disdainfully doing a disagreeable task. It is said, “Thou shalt not lend upon usury126 to thy brother; usury of money, usury of victuals127, usury of anything that is lent upon usury”; but he evidently was not my brother, for he demanded seventy per cent. I put my signature to certain indentures128, received my pottage, and fled from his presence.
Faugh! I was glad to be quit of it. How good the outside air was! I only prayed that neither my best friend nor my worst enemy should ever become aware of what had just transpired129. Ere I had gone a block I noticed that the sun had brightened perceptibly, the street become less sordid130, the gutter131 mud less filthy132. In people’s eyes the cabbage question no longer brooded. And there was a spring to my body, an elasticity133 of step as I covered the pavement. Within me coursed an unwonted sap, and I felt as though I were about to burst out into leaves and buds and green things. My brain was clear and refreshed. There was a new strength to my arm. My nerves were tingling134 and I was a-pulse with the times. All men were my brothers. Save one — yes, save one. I would go back and wreck135 the establishment. I would disrupt that leather-bound volume, violate that black skullcap, burn the accounts. But before fancy could father the act, I recollected136 myself and all which had passed. Nor did I marvel137 at my new-horn might, at my ancient dignity which had returned. There was a tinkling138 chink as I ran the yellow pieces through my fingers, and with the golden music rippling139 round me I caught a deeper insight into the mystery of things.
Oakland, California.
February 1900.
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1
mandate
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| n.托管地；命令，指示 | |
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incarnate
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| adj.化身的，人体化的，肉色的 | |
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embedded
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| a.扎牢的 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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ancestry
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| n.祖先，家世 | |
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garnering
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| v.收集并（通常）贮藏（某物），取得，获得( garner的现在分词 ) | |
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coerce
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| v.强迫，压制 | |
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dictate
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| v.口授；(使)听写；指令，指示，命令 | |
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verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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groove
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| n.沟，槽；凹线，（刻出的）线条，习惯 | |
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domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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communal
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| adj.公有的，公共的，公社的，公社制的 | |
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cohesion
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| n.团结，凝结力 | |
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ballroom
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| n.舞厅 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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imbibed
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| v.吸收( imbibe的过去式和过去分词 )；喝；吸取；吸气 | |
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singed
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| v.浅表烧焦( singe的过去式和过去分词 )；（毛发）燎，烧焦尖端[边儿] | |
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walrus
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| n.海象 | |
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gut
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| n.[pl.]胆量；内脏；adj.本能的；vt.取出内脏 | |
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primal
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| adj.原始的；最重要的 | |
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uncouth
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| adj.无教养的，粗鲁的 | |
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backbone
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| n.脊骨，脊柱，骨干；刚毅，骨气 | |
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stiffened
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| 加强的 | |
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impervious
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| adj.不能渗透的，不能穿过的，不易伤害的 | |
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plethoric
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| adj.过多的，多血症的 | |
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buckled
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| a. 有带扣的 | |
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hips
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| abbr.high impact polystyrene 高冲击强度聚苯乙烯，耐冲性聚苯乙烯n.臀部( hip的名词复数 )；[建筑学]屋脊；臀围（尺寸）；臀部…的 | |
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situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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alleys
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| 胡同，小巷( alley的名词复数 )； 小径 | |
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humbly
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| adv. 恭顺地，谦卑地 | |
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gregarious
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| adj.群居的，喜好群居的 | |
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preposterous
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| adj.荒谬的，可笑的 | |
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mien
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| n.风采；态度 | |
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barbarian
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| n.野蛮人；adj.野蛮(人)的；未开化的 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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arrogance
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| n.傲慢，自大 | |
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discreetly
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| ad.(言行)审慎地，慎重地 | |
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query
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| n.疑问，问号，质问；vt.询问，表示怀疑 | |
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garb
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| n.服装，装束 | |
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elevation
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| n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高 | |
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overthrown
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| adj. 打翻的，推倒的，倾覆的 动词overthrow的过去分词 | |
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toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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aesthetic
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| adj.美学的，审美的，有美感 | |
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mightiness
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| n.强大 | |
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stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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divers
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| adj.不同的；种种的 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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lavishly
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| adv.慷慨地，大方地 | |
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homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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glades
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| n.林中空地( glade的名词复数 ) | |
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52
obsequious
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| adj.谄媚的，奉承的，顺从的 | |
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basked
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| v.晒太阳，取暖( bask的过去式和过去分词 )；对…感到乐趣；因他人的功绩而出名；仰仗…的余泽 | |
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vouchsafed
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| v.给予，赐予( vouchsafe的过去式和过去分词 )；允诺 | |
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beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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tottered
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| v.走得或动得不稳( totter的过去式和过去分词 )；踉跄；蹒跚；摇摇欲坠 | |
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regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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condescension
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| n.自以为高人一等，贬低(别人) | |
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belongings
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| n.私人物品，私人财物 | |
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berated
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| v.严厉责备，痛斥( berate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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mightily
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| ad.强烈地；非常地 | |
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penance
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| n.（赎罪的）惩罪 | |
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travail
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| n.阵痛；努力 | |
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vicissitude
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| n.变化，变迁，荣枯，盛衰 | |
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onward
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| adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先 | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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pendulum
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| n.摆，钟摆 | |
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descry
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| v.远远看到；发现；责备 | |
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industriously
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microscopic
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| adj.微小的，细微的，极小的，显微的 | |
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cryptic
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| adj.秘密的，神秘的，含义模糊的 | |
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drearily
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| 沉寂地，厌倦地，可怕地 | |
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rebellious
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| adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的 | |
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74
affront
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| n./v.侮辱，触怒 | |
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poised
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| a.摆好姿势不动的 | |
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chattels
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| n.动产，奴隶( chattel的名词复数 ) | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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naught
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| n.无，零 [=nought] | |
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faltering
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| 犹豫的，支吾的，蹒跚的 | |
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spate
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| n.泛滥，洪水，突然的一阵 | |
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dwindled
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| v.逐渐变少或变小( dwindle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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furtive
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| adj.鬼鬼崇崇的，偷偷摸摸的 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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contemplate
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| vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视 | |
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devoid
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| adj.全无的，缺乏的 | |
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destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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87
oracles
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| 神示所( oracle的名词复数 )； 神谕； 圣贤； 哲人 | |
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lucrative
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| adj.赚钱的，可获利的 | |
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exodus
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| v.大批离去，成群外出 | |
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ecclesiastics
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| n.神职者，教会，牧师( ecclesiastic的名词复数 ) | |
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conquerors
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| 征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 ) | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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trumps
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| abbr.trumpets 喇叭；小号；喇叭形状的东西；喇叭筒v.（牌戏）出王牌赢（一牌或一墩）( trump的过去式 )；吹号公告，吹号庆祝；吹喇叭；捏造 | |
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doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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injustice
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| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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reposed
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| v.将（手臂等）靠在某人（某物）上( repose的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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exaction
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| n.强求，强征；杂税 | |
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toll
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| n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟) | |
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misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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solvency
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| n.偿付能力，溶解力 | |
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insolvency
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| n.无力偿付，破产 | |
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livelihood
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| n.生计，谋生之道 | |
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transmutes
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| v.使变形，使变质，把…变成…( transmute的第三人称单数 ) | |
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garbs
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| vt.装扮（garb的第三人称单数形式） | |
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linen
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| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
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belly
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| n.肚子，腹部；(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分，膛 | |
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vampire
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| n.吸血鬼 | |
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blasphemy
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| n.亵渎，渎神 | |
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wilting
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| 萎蔫 | |
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arrant
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| adj.极端的；最大的 | |
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smite
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| v.重击；彻底击败；n.打；尝试；一点儿 | |
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bourgeois
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| adj./n.追求物质享受的(人)；中产阶级分子 | |
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ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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flattened
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| [医]（水）平扁的，弄平的 | |
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118
syllables
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| n.音节( syllable的名词复数 ) | |
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craved
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| 渴望，热望( crave的过去式 )； 恳求，请求 | |
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pried
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| v.打听，刺探（他人的私事）( pry的过去式和过去分词 )；撬开 | |
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insolently
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| adv.自豪地，自傲地 | |
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122
wedlock
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| n.婚姻，已婚状态 | |
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insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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paltry
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| adj.无价值的，微不足道的 | |
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125
sniffed
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| v.以鼻吸气，嗅，闻( sniff的过去式和过去分词 )；抽鼻子（尤指哭泣、患感冒等时出声地用鼻子吸气）；抱怨，不以为然地说 | |
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126
usury
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| n.高利贷 | |
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127
victuals
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| n.食物；食品 | |
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128
indentures
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| vt.以契约束缚（indenture的第三人称单数形式） | |
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transpired
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| （事实，秘密等）被人知道( transpire的过去式和过去分词 )； 泄露； 显露； 发生 | |
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sordid
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| adj.肮脏的，不干净的，卑鄙的，暗淡的 | |
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gutter
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| n.沟，街沟，水槽，檐槽，贫民窟 | |
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filthy
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| adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的 | |
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elasticity
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| n.弹性，伸缩力 | |
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134
tingling
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| v.有刺痛感( tingle的现在分词 ) | |
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135
wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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136
recollected
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| adj.冷静的；镇定的；被回忆起的；沉思默想的v.记起，想起( recollect的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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137
marvel
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| vi.(at)惊叹vt.感到惊异；n.令人惊异的事 | |
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138
tinkling
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| n.丁当作响声 | |
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139
rippling
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| 起涟漪的，潺潺流水般声音的 | |
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