The old king, worn out with age and the fatigues2 of government, he being more than fourscore years old, determined3 to take no further part in state affairs, but to leave the management to younger strengths, that he might have time to prepare for death, which must at no long period ensue. With this intent he called his three daughters to him, to know from their own lips which of them loved him best, that he might part his kingdom among them in such proportions as their affection for him should seem to deserve.
Goneril, the eldest4, declared that she loved her father more than words could give out, that he was dearer to her than the light of her own eyes, dearer than life and liberty, with a deal of such professing5 stuff, which is easy to counterfeit6 where there is no real love, only a few fine words delivered with confidence being wanted in that case. The king, delighted to hear from her own mouth this assurance of her love, and thinking truly that her heart went with it, in a fit of fatherly fondness bestowed8 upon her and her husband one third of his ample kingdom.
Then calling to him his second daughter, he demanded what she had to say. Regan, who was made of the same hollow metal as her sister, was not a whit11 behind in her professions, but rather declared that what her sister had spoken came short of the love which she professed13 to bear for his highness; insomuch that she found all other joys dead, in comparison with the pleasure which she took in the love of her dear king and father.
Lear blessed himself in having such loving children, as he thought; and could do no less, after the handsome assurances which Regan had made, than bestow9 a third of his kingdom upon her and her husband, equal in size to that which he had already given away to Goneril.
Then turning to his youngest daughter Cordelia, whom he called his joy, he asked what she had to say, thinking no doubt that she would glad his ears with the same loving speeches which her sisters had uttered, or rather that her expressions would be so much stronger than theirs, as she had always been his darling, and favoured by him above either of them. But Cordelia, disgusted with the flattery of her sisters, whose hearts she knew were far from their lips, and seeing that all their coaxing14 speeches were only intended to wheedle15 the old king out of his dominions16, that they and their husbands might reign17 in his lifetime, made no other reply but this — that she loved his majesty18 according to her duty, neither more nor less.
The king, shocked with this appearance of ingratitude19 in his favourite child, desired her to consider her words, and to mend her speech, lest it should mar20 her fortunes.
Cordelia then told her father, that he was her father, that he had given her breeding, and loved her; that she returned those duties back as was most fit, and did obey him, love him, and most honour him. But that she could not frame her mouth to such large speeches as her sisters had done, or promise to love nothing else in the world. Why had her sisters husbands, if (as they said) they had no love for anything but their father? If she should ever wed10, she was sure the lord to whom she gave her hand would want half her love, half of her care and duty; she should never marry like her sisters, to love her father all.
Cordelia, who in earnest loved her old father even almost as extravagantly21 as her sisters pretended to do, would have plainly told him so at any other time, in more daughter-like and loving terms, and without these qualifications, which did indeed sound a little ungracious; but after the crafty23 flattering speeches of her sisters, which she had seen drawn24 such extravagant22 rewards, she thought the handsomest thing she could do was to love and be silent. This put her affection out of suspicion of mercenary ends, and showed that she loved, but not for gain; and that her professions, the less ostentatious they were, had so much the more of truth and sincerity25 than her sisters’.
This plainness of speech, which Lear called pride, so enraged26 the old monarch27 — who in his best of times always showed much of spleen and rashness, and in whom the dotage28 incident to old age had so clouded over his reason, that he could not discern truth from flattery, nor a gay painted speech from words that came from the heart — that in a fury of resentment29 he retracted30 the third part of his kingdom which yet remained, and which he had reserved for Cordelia, and gave it away from her, sharing it equally between her two sisters and their husbands, the Dukes of Albany and Cornwall; whom he now called to him, and in presence of all his courtiers bestowing31 a coronet between them, invested them jointly32 with all the power, revenue, and execution of government, only retaining to himself the name of king; all the rest of royalty33 he resigned; with this reservation, that himself, with a hundred knights34 for his attendants, was to be maintained by monthly course in each of his daughters’ palaces in turn.
So preposterous35 a disposal of his kingdom, so little guided by reason, and so much by passion, filled all his courtiers with astonishment36 and sorrow; but none of them had the courage to interpose between this incensed37 king and his wrath38, except the Earl of Kent, who was beginning to speak a good word for Cordelia, when the passionate39 Lear on pain of death commanded him to desist; but the good Kent was not so to be repelled40. He had been ever loyal to Lear, whom he had honoured as a king, loved as a father, followed as a master; and he had never esteemed41 his life further than as a pawn42 to wage against his royal master’s enemies, nor feared to lose it when Lear’s safety was the motive43; nor now that Lear was most his own enemy, did this faithful servant of the king forget his old principles, but manfully opposed Lear, to do Lear good; and was unmannerly only because Lear was mad. He had been a most faithful counsellor in times past to the king, and he besought44 him now, that he would see with his eyes (as he had done in many weighty matters), and go by his advice still; and in his best consideration recall this hideous45 rashness: for he would answer with his life, his judgment46 that Lear’s youngest daughter did not love him least, nor were those empty-hearted whose low sound gave no token of hollowness. When power bowed to flattery, honour was bound to plainness. For Lear’s threats, what could he do to him, whose life was already at his service? That should not hinder duty from speaking.
The honest freedom of this good Earl of Kent only stirred up the king’s wrath the more, and like a frantic47 patient who kills his physician, and loves his mortal disease, he banished48 this true servant, and allotted49 him but five days to make his preparations for departure; but if on the sixth his hated person was found within the realm of Britain, that moment was to be his death. And Kent bade farewell to the king, and said, that since he chose to show himself in such fashion, it was but banishment51 to stay there; and before he went, he recommended Cordelia to the protection of the gods, the maid who had so rightly thought, and so discreetly52 spoken; and only wished that her sisters’ large speeches might be answered with deeds of love; and then he went, as he said, to shape his old course to a new country.
The King of France and Duke of Burgundy were now called in to hear the determination of Lear about his youngest daughter, and to know whether they would persist in their courtship to Cordelia, now that she was under her father’s displeasure, and had no fortune but her own person to recommend her: and the Duke of Burgundy declined the match, and would not take her to wife upon such conditions; but the King of France, understanding what the nature of the fault had been which had lost her the love of her father, that it was only a tardiness53 of speech, and the not being able to frame her tongue to flattery like her sisters, took this young maid by the hand, and saying that her virtues54 were a dowry above a kingdom, bade Cordelia to take farewell of her sisters and of her father, though he had been unkind, and she should go with him, and be queen of him and of fair France, and reign over fairer possessions than her sisters: and he called the Duke of Burgundy in contempt a waterish duke, because his love for this young maid had in a moment run all away like water.
Then Cordelia with weeping eyes took leave of her sisters, and besought them to love their father well, and make good their professions: and they sullenly55 told her not to prescribe to them, for they knew their duty; but to strive to content her husband, who had taken her (as they tauntingly57 expressed it) as Fortune’s alms. And Cordelia with a heavy heart departed, for she knew the cunning of her sisters, and she wished her father in better hands than she was about to leave him in.
Cordelia was no sooner gone, than the devilish dispositions58 of her sisters began to show themselves in their true colours. Even before the expiration59 of the first month, which Lear was to spend by agreement with his eldest daughter Goneril, the old king began to find out the difference between promises and performances. This wretch60 having got from her father all that he had to bestow, even to the giving away of the crown from off his head, began to grudge61 even those small remnants of royalty which the old man had reserved to himself, to please his fancy with the idea of being still a king. She could not bear to see him and his hundred knights. Every time she met her father, she put on a frowning countenance62; and when the old man wanted to speak with her, she would feign63 sickness, or anything to get rid of the sight of him; for it was plain that she esteemed his old age a useless burden, and his attendants an unnecessary expense: not only she herself slackened in her expressions of duty to the king, but by her example, and (it is to be feared) not without her private instructions, her very servants affected64 to treat him with neglect, and would either refuse to obey his orders, or still more contemptuously pretend not to hear them. Lear could not but perceive this alteration65 in the behaviour of his daughter, but he shut his eyes against it as long as he could, as people commonly are unwilling66 to believe the unpleasant consequences which their own mistakes and obstinacy67 have brought upon them.
True love and fidelity68 are no more to be estranged69 by ill, than falsehood and hollow-heartedness can be conciliated by good, usage. This eminently70 appears in the instance of the good Earl of Kent, who, though banished by Lear, and his life made forfeit71 if he were found in Britain, chose to stay and abide72 all consequences, as long as there was a chance of his being useful to the king his master. See to what mean shifts and disguises poor loyalty73 is forced to submit sometimes; yet it counts nothing base or unworthy, so as it can but do service where it owes an obligation!
In the disguise of a serving man, all his greatness and pomp laid aside, this good earl proffered75 his services to the king, who, not knowing him to be Kent in that disguise, but pleased with a certain plainness, or rather bluntness in his answers, which the earl put on (so different from that smooth oily flattery which he had so much reason to be sick of, having found the effects not answerable in his daughter), a bargain was quickly struck, and Lear took Kent into his service by the name of Caius, as he called himself, never suspecting him to be his once great favourite, the high and mighty76 Earl of Kent.
This Caius quickly found means to show his fidelity and love to his royal master: for Goneril’s steward77 that same day behaving in a disrespectful manner to Lear, and giving him saucy78 looks and language, as no doubt he was secretly encouraged to do by his mistress, Caius, not enduring to hear so open an affront79 put upon his majesty, made no more ado but presently tripped up his heels, and laid the unmannerly slave in the kennel80; for which friendly service Lear became more and more attached to him.
Nor was Kent the only friend Lear had. In his degree, and as far as so insignificant81 a personage could show his love, the poor fool, or jester, that had been of his palace while Lear had a palace, as it was the custom of kings and great personages at that time to keep a fool (as he was called) to make them sport after serious business: this poor fool clung to Lear after he had given away his crown, and by his witty82 sayings would keep up his good humour, though he could not refrain sometimes from jeering83 at his master for his imprudence in uncrowning himself, and giving all away to his daughters; at which time, as he rhymingly expressed it, these daughters
For sudden joy did weep
And he for sorrow sung,
That such a king should play bo-peep
And go the fools among.
And in such wild sayings, and scraps84 of songs, of which he had plenty, this pleasant honest fool poured out his heart even in the presence of Goneril herself, in many a bitter taunt56 and jest which cut to the quick: such as comparing the king to the hedge-sparrow, who feeds the young of the cuckoo till they grow old enough, and then has its head bit off for its pains; and saying, that an ass7 may know when the cart draws the horse (meaning that Lear’s daughters, that ought to go behind, now ranked before their father); and that Lear was no longer Lear, but the shadow of Lear: for which free speeches he was once or twice threatened to be whipped.
The coolness and falling off of respect which Lear had begun to perceive, were not all which this foolish fond father was to suffer from his unworthy daughter: she now plainly told him that his staying in her palace was inconvenient85 so long as he insisted upon keeping up an establishment of a hundred knights; that this establishment was useless and expensive, and only served to fill her court with riot and feasting; and she prayed him that he would lessen86 their number, and keep none but old men about him, such as himself, and fitting his age.
Lear at first could not believe his eyes or ears, nor that it was his daughter who spoke12 so unkindly. He could not believe that she who had received a crown from him could seek to cut off his train, and grudge him the respect due to his old age. But she, persisting in her undutiful demand, the old man’s rage was so excited, that he called her a detested88 kite, and said that she spoke an untruth; and so indeed she did, for the hundred knights were all men of choice behaviour and sobriety of manners, skilled in all particulars of duty, and not given to rioting or feasting, as she said. And he bid his horses to be prepared, for he would go to his other daughter, Regan, he and his hundred knights; and he spoke of ingratitude, and said it was a marble-hearted devil, and showed more hideous in a child than the sea-monster. And he cursed his eldest daughter Goneril so as was terrible to hear; praying that she might never have a child, or if she had, that it might live to return that scorn and contempt upon her which she had shown to him: that she might feel how sharper than a serpent’s tooth it was to have a thankless child. And Goneril’s husband, the Duke of Albany, beginning to excuse himself for any share which Lear might suppose he had in the unkindness, Lear would not hear him out, but in a rage ordered his horses to be saddled, and set out with his followers89 for the abode90 of Regan, his other daughter. And Lear thought to himself how small the fault of Cordelia (if it was a fault) now appeared, in comparison with her sister’s, and he wept; and then he was ashamed that such a creature as Goneril should have so much power over his manhood as to make him weep.
Regan and her husband were keeping their court in great pomp and state at their palace; and Lear despatched his servant Caius with letters to his daughter, that she might be prepared for his reception, while he and his train followed after. But it seems that Goneril had been before-hand with him, sending letters also to Regan, accusing her father of waywardness and ill humours, and advising her not to receive so great a train as he was bringing with him. This messenger arrived at the same time with Caius, and Caius and he met: and who should it be but Caius’s old enemy the steward, whom he had formerly91 tripped up by the heels for his saucy behaviour to Lear. Caius not liking92 the fellow’s look, and suspecting what he came for, began to revile93 him, and challenged him to fight, which the fellow refusing, Caius, in a fit of honest passion, beat him soundly, as such a mischief-maker and carrier of wicked messages deserved; which coming to the ears of Regan and her husband, they ordered Caius to be put in stocks, though he was a messenger from the king her father, and in that character demanded the highest respect: so that the first thing the king saw when he entered the castle, was his faithful servant Caius sitting in that disgraceful situation.
This was but a bad omen50 of the reception which he was to expect; but a worse followed, when, upon inquiry94 for his daughter and her husband, he was told they were weary with travelling all night, and could not see him; and when lastly, upon his insisting in a positive and angry manner to see them, they came to greet him, whom should he see in their company but the hated Goneril, who had come to tell her own story, and set her sister against the king her father!
This sight much moved the old man, and still more to see Regan take her by the hand; and he asked Goneril if she was not ashamed to look upon his old white beard. And Regan advised him to go home again with Goneril, and live with her peaceably, dismissing half of his attendants, and to ask her forgiveness; for he was old and wanted discretion95, and must be ruled and led by persons that had more discretion than himself. And Lear showed how preposterous that would sound, if he were to go down on his knees, and beg of his own daughter for food and raiment, and he argued against such an unnatural96 dependence97, declaring his resolution never to return with her, but to stay where he was with Regan, he and his hundred knights; for he said that she had not forgot the half of the kingdom which he had endowed her with, and that her eyes were not fierce like Goneril’s, but mild and kind. And he said that rather than return to Goneril, with half his train cut off, he would go over to France, and beg a wretched pension of the king there, who had married his youngest daughter without a portion.
But he was mistaken in expecting kinder treatment of Regan than he had experienced from her sister Goneril. As if willing to outdo her sister in unfilial behaviour, she declared that she thought fifty knights too many to wait upon him: that five-and-twenty were enough. Then Lear, nigh heart-broken, turned to Goneril and said that he would go back with her, for her fifty doubled five-and-twenty, and so her love was twice as much as Regan’s. But Goneril excused herself, and said, what need of so many as five-and-twenty? or even ten? or five? when he might be waited upon by her servants, or her sister’s servants? So these two wicked daughters, as if they strove to exceed each other in cruelty to their old father, who had been so good to them, by little and little would have abated98 him of all his train, all respect (little enough for him that once commanded a kingdom), which was left him to show that he had once been a king! Not that a splendid train is essential to happiness, but from a king to a beggar is a hard change, from commanding millions to be without one attendant; and it was the ingratitude in his daughters’ denying it, more than what he would suffer by the want of it, which pierced this poor king to the heart; insomuch, that with this double ill-usage, and vexation for having so foolishly given away a kingdom, his wits began to be unsettled, and while he said he knew not what, he vowed99 revenge against those unnatural hags, and to make examples of them that should be a terror to the earth!
While he was thus idly threatening what his weak arm could never execute, night came on, and a loud storm of thunder and lightning with rain; and his daughters still persisting in their resolution not to admit his followers, he called for his horses, and chose rather to encounter the utmost fury of the storm abroad, than stay under the same roof with these ungrateful daughters: and they, saying that the injuries which wilful100 men procure101 to themselves are their just punishment, suffered him to go in that condition and shut their doors upon him.
The winds were high, and the rain and storm increased, when the old man sallied forth102 to combat with the elements, less sharp than his daughters’ unkindness. For many miles about there was scarce a bush; and there upon a heath, exposed to the fury of the storm in a dark night, did King Lear wander out, and defy the winds and the thunder; and he bid the winds to blow the earth into the sea, or swell103 the waves of the sea till they drowned the earth, that no token might remain of any such ungrateful animal as man. The old king was now left with no other companion than the poor fool, who still abided with him, with his merry conceits104 striving to outjest misfortune, saying it was but a naughty night to swim in, and truly the king had better go in and ask his daughter’s blessing105:—
But he that has a little tiny wit.
With heigh ho, the wind and the rain!
Must make content with his fortunes fit.
Though the rain it raineth every day:
and swearing it was a brave night to cool a lady’s pride.
Thus poorly accompanied, this once great monarch was found by his ever-faithful servant the good Earl of Kent, now transformed to Caius, who ever followed close at his side, though the king did not know him to be the earl; and he said, “Alas! sir, are you here? creatures that love night, love not such nights as these. This dreadful storm has driven the beasts to their hiding places. Man’s nature cannot endure the affliction or the fear.” And Lear rebuked106 him and said, these lesser107 evils were not felt, where a greater malady108 was fixed109. When the mind is at ease, the body has leisure to be delicate, but the tempest in his mind did take all feeling else from his senses, but of that which beat at his heart. And he spoke of filial ingratitude, and said it was all one as if the mouth should tear the hand for lifting food to it; for parents were hands and food and everything to children.
But the good Caius still persisting in his entreaties110 that the king would not stay out in the open air, at last persuaded him to enter a little wretched hovel which stood upon the heath, where the fool first entering, suddenly ran back terrified, saying that he had seen a spirit. But upon examination this spirit proved to be nothing more than a poor Bedlam111 beggar, who had crept into this deserted112 hovel for shelter, and with his talk about devils frighted the fool, one of those poor lunatics who are either mad, or feign to be so, the better to extort113 charity from the compassionate114 country people, who go about the country, calling themselves poor Tom and poor Turlygood, saying, “Who gives anything to poor Tom?” sticking pins and nails and sprigs of rosemary into their arms to make them bleed; and with such horrible actions, partly by prayers, and partly with lunatic curses, they move or terrify the ignorant country-folks into giving them alms. This poor fellow was such a one; and the king seeing him in so wretched a plight115, with nothing but a blanket about his loins to cover his nakedness, could not be persuaded but that the fellow was some father who had given all away to his daughters, and brought himself to that pass: for nothing he thought could bring a man to such wretchedness but the having unkind daughters.
And from this and many such wild speeches which he uttered, the good Caius plainly perceived that he was not in his perfect mind, but that his daughters’ ill usage had really made him go mad. And now the loyalty of this worthy74 Earl of Kent showed itself in more essential services than he had hitherto found opportunity to perform. For with the assistance of some of the king’s attendants who remained loyal, he had the person of his royal master removed at daybreak to the castle of Dover, where his own friends and influence, as Earl of Kent, chiefly lay; and himself embarking117 for France, hastened to the court of Cordelia, and did there in such moving terms represent the pitiful condition of her royal father, and set out in such lively colours the inhumanity of her sisters, that this good and loving child with many tears besought the king her husband that he would give her leave to embark116 for England, with a sufficient power to subdue118 these cruel daughters and their husbands, and restore the old king her father to his throne; which being granted, she set forth, and with a royal army landed at Dover.
Lear having by some chance escaped from the guardians119 which the good Earl of Kent had put over him to take care of him in his lunacy, was found by some of Cordelia’s train, wandering about the fields near Dover, in a pitiable condition, stark120 mad, and singing aloud to himself, with a crown upon his head which he had made of straw, and nettles121, and other wild weeds that he had picked up in the corn-fields. By the advice of the physicians, Cordelia, though earnestly desirous of seeing her father, was prevailed upon to put off the meeting, till by sleep and the operation of herbs which they gave him, he should be restored to greater composure. By the aid of these skilful122 physicians, to whom Cordelia promised all her gold and jewels for the recovery of the old king, Lear was soon in a condition to see his daughter.
A tender sight it was to see the meeting between this father and daughter; to see the struggles between the joy of this poor old king at beholding123 again his once darling child, and the shame at receiving such filial kindness from her whom he had cast off for so small a fault in his displeasure; both these passions struggling with the remains124 of his malady, which in his half-crazed brain sometimes made him that he scarce remembered where he was, or who it was that so kindly87 kissed him and spoke to him: and then he would beg the standers-by not to laugh at him, if he were mistaken in thinking this lady to be his daughter Cordelia! And then to see him fall on his knees to beg pardon of his child; and she, good lady, kneeling all the while to ask a blessing of him, and telling him that it did not become him to kneel, but it was her duty, for she was his child, his true and very child Cordelia! and she kissed him (as she said) to kiss away all her sisters’ unkindness, and said that they might be ashamed of themselves, to turn their old kind father with his white beard out into the cold air, when her enemy’s dog, though it had bit her (as she prettily125 expressed it), should have stayed by her fire such a night as that, and warmed himself. And she told her father how she had come from France with purpose to bring him assistance; and he said that she must forget and forgive, for he was old and foolish, and did not know what he did; but that to be sure she had great cause not to love him, but her sisters had none. And Cordelia said that she had no cause, no more than they had.
So we will leave this old king in the protection of his dutiful and loving child, where, by the help of sleep and medicine, she and her physicians at length succeeded in winding126 up the untuned and jarring senses which the cruelty of his other daughters had so violently shaken. Let us return to say a word or two about those cruel daughters.
These monsters of ingratitude, who had been so false to their old father, could not be expected to prove more faithful to their own husbands. They soon grew tired of paying even the appearance of duty and affection, and in an open way showed they had fixed their loves upon another. It happened that the object of their guilty loves was the same. It was Edmund, a natural son of the late Earl of Gloucester, who by his treacheries had succeeded in disinheriting his brother Edgar, the lawful127 heir, from his earldom, and by his wicked practices was now earl himself; a wicked man, and a fit object for the love of such wicked creatures as Goneril and Regan. It falling out about this time that the Duke of Cornwall, Regan’s husband, died, Regan immediately declared her intention of wedding this Earl of Gloucester, which rousing the jealousy128 of her sister, to whom as well as to Regan this wicked earl had at sundry129 times professed love, Goneril found means to make away with her sister by poison; but being detected in her practices, and imprisoned130 by her husband, the Duke of Albany, for this deed, and for her guilty passion for the earl which had come to his ears, she, in a fit of disappointed love and rage, shortly put an end to her own life. Thus the justice of Heaven at last overtook these wicked daughters.
While the eyes of all men were upon this event, admiring the justice displayed in their deserved deaths, the same eyes were suddenly taken off from this sight to admire at the mysterious ways of the same power in the melancholy131 fate of the young and virtuous132 daughter, the Lady Cordelia, whose good deeds did seem to deserve a more fortunate conclusion: but it is an awful truth, that innocence133 and piety134 are not always successful in this world. The forces which Goneril and Regan had sent out under the command of the bad Earl of Gloucester were victorious135, and Cordelia, by the practices of this wicked earl, who did not like that any should stand between him and the throne, ended her life in prison. Thus, Heaven took this innocent lady to itself in her young years, after showing her to the world an illustrious example of filial duty. Lear did not long survive this kind child.
Before he died, the good Earl of Kent, who had still attended his old master’s steps from the first of his daughters’ ill usage to this sad period of his decay, tried to make him understand that it was he who had followed him under the name of Caius; but Lear’s care-crazed brain at that time could not comprehend how that could be, or how Kent and Caius could be the same person: so Kent thought it needless to trouble him with explanations at such a time; and Lear soon after expiring, this faithful servant to the king, between age and grief for his old master’s vexations, soon followed him to the grave.
How the judgment of Heaven overtook the bad Earl of Gloucester, whose treasons were discovered, and himself slain136 in single combat with his brother, the lawful earl; and how Goneril’s husband, the Duke of Albany, who was innocent of the death of Cordelia, and had never encouraged his lady in her wicked proceedings137 against her father, ascended138 the throne of Britain after the death of Lear, is needless here to narrate139; Lear and his Three Daughters being dead, whose adventures alone concern our story.
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1
joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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2
fatigues
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| n.疲劳( fatigue的名词复数 )；杂役；厌倦；（士兵穿的）工作服 | |
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3
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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4
eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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5
professing
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| 声称( profess的现在分词 )； 宣称； 公开表明； 信奉 | |
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6
counterfeit
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| vt.伪造，仿造；adj.伪造的，假冒的 | |
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7
ass
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| n.驴；傻瓜，蠢笨的人 | |
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8
bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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9
bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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10
wed
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| v.娶，嫁，与…结婚 | |
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11
whit
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| n.一点，丝毫 | |
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12
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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13
professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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14
coaxing
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| v.哄，用好话劝说( coax的现在分词 )；巧言骗取；哄劝，劝诱；“锻炼”效应 | |
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wheedle
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| v.劝诱，哄骗 | |
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16
dominions
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| 统治权( dominion的名词复数 )； 领土； 疆土； 版图 | |
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17
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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18
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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19
ingratitude
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| n.忘恩负义 | |
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20
mar
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| vt.破坏，毁坏，弄糟 | |
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21
extravagantly
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| adv.挥霍无度地 | |
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22
extravagant
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| adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的 | |
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23
crafty
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| adj.狡猾的，诡诈的 | |
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24
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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25
sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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26
enraged
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| 使暴怒( enrage的过去式和过去分词 )； 歜； 激愤 | |
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27
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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28
dotage
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| n.年老体衰；年老昏聩 | |
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29
resentment
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| n.怨愤，忿恨 | |
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30
retracted
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| v.撤回或撤消( retract的过去式和过去分词 )；拒绝执行或遵守；缩回；拉回 | |
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31
bestowing
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| 砖窑中砖堆上层已烧透的砖 | |
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32
jointly
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| ad.联合地，共同地 | |
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33
royalty
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| n.皇家，皇族 | |
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34
knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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35
preposterous
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| adj.荒谬的，可笑的 | |
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36
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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37
incensed
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| 盛怒的 | |
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38
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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39
passionate
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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40
repelled
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| v.击退( repel的过去式和过去分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开 | |
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41
esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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42
pawn
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| n.典当，抵押，小人物，走卒；v.典当，抵押 | |
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43
motive
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| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
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44
besought
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| v.恳求，乞求（某事物）( beseech的过去式和过去分词 )；(beseech的过去式与过去分词) | |
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45
hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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46
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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47
frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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48
banished
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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49
allotted
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| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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50
omen
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| n.征兆，预兆；vt.预示 | |
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51
banishment
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| n.放逐，驱逐 | |
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52
discreetly
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| ad.(言行)审慎地，慎重地 | |
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53
tardiness
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| n.缓慢；迟延；拖拉 | |
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54
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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55
sullenly
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| 不高兴地，绷着脸，忧郁地 | |
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56
taunt
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| n.辱骂，嘲弄；v.嘲弄 | |
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57
tauntingly
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| 嘲笑地，辱骂地； 嘲骂地 | |
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58
dispositions
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| 安排( disposition的名词复数 )； 倾向； （财产、金钱的）处置； 气质 | |
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59
expiration
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| n.终结，期满，呼气，呼出物 | |
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60
wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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61
grudge
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| n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做 | |
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62
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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63
feign
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| vt.假装，佯作 | |
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64
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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65
alteration
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| n.变更，改变；蚀变 | |
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66
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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67
obstinacy
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| n.顽固；（病痛等）难治 | |
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68
fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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69
estranged
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| adj.疏远的，分离的 | |
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70
eminently
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| adv.突出地；显著地；不寻常地 | |
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71
forfeit
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| vt.丧失；n.罚金，罚款，没收物 | |
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72
abide
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| vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受 | |
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73
loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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74
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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75
proffered
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| v.提供，贡献，提出( proffer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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76
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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77
steward
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| n.乘务员，服务员；看管人；膳食管理员 | |
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78
saucy
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| adj.无礼的；俊俏的；活泼的 | |
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79
affront
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| n./v.侮辱，触怒 | |
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80
kennel
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| n.狗舍，狗窝 | |
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81
insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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82
witty
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| adj.机智的，风趣的 | |
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83
jeering
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| adj.嘲弄的，揶揄的v.嘲笑( jeer的现在分词 ) | |
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84
scraps
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| 油渣 | |
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85
inconvenient
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| adj.不方便的，令人感到麻烦的 | |
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86
lessen
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| vt.减少，减轻；缩小 | |
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87
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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88
detested
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| v.憎恶，嫌恶，痛恨( detest的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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89
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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90
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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91
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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92
liking
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| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
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93
revile
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| v.辱骂，谩骂 | |
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94
inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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95
discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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96
unnatural
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| adj.不自然的；反常的 | |
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97
dependence
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| n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属 | |
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98
abated
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| 减少( abate的过去式和过去分词 )； 减去； 降价； 撤消（诉讼） | |
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99
vowed
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| 起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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100
wilful
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| adj.任性的，故意的 | |
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101
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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102
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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103
swell
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| vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强 | |
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104
conceits
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| 高傲( conceit的名词复数 )； 自以为； 巧妙的词语； 别出心裁的比喻 | |
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105
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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106
rebuked
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| 责难或指责( rebuke的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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107
lesser
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| adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地 | |
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108
malady
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| n.病，疾病(通常做比喻) | |
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109
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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110
entreaties
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| n.恳求，乞求( entreaty的名词复数 ) | |
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111
bedlam
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| n.混乱，骚乱；疯人院 | |
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112
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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113
extort
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| v.勒索，敲诈，强要 | |
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114
compassionate
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| adj.有同情心的，表示同情的 | |
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115
plight
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| n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定 | |
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116
embark
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| vi.乘船，着手，从事，上飞机 | |
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117
embarking
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| 乘船( embark的现在分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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118
subdue
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| vt.制服，使顺从，征服；抑制，克制 | |
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119
guardians
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| 监护人( guardian的名词复数 )； 保护者，维护者 | |
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120
stark
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| adj.荒凉的；严酷的；完全的；adv.完全地 | |
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121
nettles
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| n.荨麻( nettle的名词复数 ) | |
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122
skilful
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| (=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的 | |
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123
beholding
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| v.看，注视( behold的现在分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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124
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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125
prettily
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| adv.优美地；可爱地 | |
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126
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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127
lawful
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| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
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128
jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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129
sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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130
imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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131
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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132
virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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133
innocence
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| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
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134
piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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135
victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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136
slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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137
proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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138
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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139
narrate
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| v.讲，叙述 | |
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