If a poet had composed a work which wanted a recommendatory introduction to the world, he had no more to do but to dedicate it to Lord Timon, and the poem was sure of sale, besides a present purse from the patron, and daily access to his house and table. If a painter had a picture to dispose of, he had only to take it to Lord Timon, and pretend to consult his taste as to the merits of it; nothing more was wanting to persuade the liberal-hearted lord to buy it. If a jeweller had a stone of price, or a mercer rich costly14 stuffs, which for their costliness15 lay upon his hands, Lord Timon’s house was a ready mart always open, where they might get off their wares16 or their jewellery at any price, and the good-natured lord would thank them into the bargain, as if they had done him a piece of courtesy in letting him have the refusal of such precious commodities. So that by this means his house was thronged17 with superfluous18 purchases, of no use but to swell19 uneasy and ostentatious pomp; and his person was still more inconveniently20 beset21 with a crowd of these idle visitors, lying poets, painters, sharking tradesmen, lords, ladies, needy22 courtiers, and expectants, who continually filled his lobbies, raining their fulsome23 flatteries in whispers in his ears, sacrificing to him with adulation as to a God, making sacred the very stirrup by which he mounted his horse, and seeming as though they drank the free air but through his permission and bounty.
Some of these daily dependants were young men of birth, who (their means not answering to their extravagance) had been put in prison by creditors24, and redeemed25 thence by Lord Timon; these young prodigals26 thenceforward fastened upon his lordship, as if by common sympathy he were necessarily endeared to all such spendthrifts and loose livers, who, not being able to follow him in his wealth, found it easier to copy him in prodigality27 and copious28 spending of what was their own. One of these flesh-flies was Ventidius, for whose debts, unjustly contracted, Timon but lately had paid down the sum of five talents.
But among this confluence29, this great flood of visitors, none were more conspicuous30 than the makers31 of presents and givers of gifts. It was fortunate for these men if Timon took a fancy to a dog or a horse, or any piece of cheap furniture which was theirs. The thing so praised, whatever it was, was sure to be sent the next morning with the compliments of the giver for Lord Timon’s acceptance, and apologies for the unworthiness of the gift; and this dog or horse, or whatever it might be, did not fail to produce from Timon’s bounty, who would not be outdone in gifts, perhaps twenty dogs or horses, certainly presents of far richer worth, as these pretended donors32 knew well enough, and that their false presents were but the putting out of so much money at large and speedy interest. In this way Lord Lucius had lately sent to Timon a present of four milk-white horses, trapped in silver, which this cunning lord had observed Timon upon some occasion to commend; and another lord, Lucullus, had bestowed33 upon him in the same pretended way of free gift a brace34 of greyhounds, whose make and fleetness Timon had been heard to admire; these presents the easy-hearted lord accepted without suspicion of the dishonest views of the presenters35; and the givers of course were rewarded with some rich return, a diamond or some jewel of twenty times the value of their false and mercenary donation.
Sometimes these creatures would go to work in a more direct way, and with gross and palpable artifice36, which yet the credulous37 Timon was too blind to see, would affect to admire and praise something that Timon possessed38, a bargain that he had bought, or some late purchase, which was sure to draw from this yielding and soft-hearted lord a gift of the thing commended, for no service in the world done for it but the easy expense of a little cheap and obvious flattery. In this way Timon but the other day had given to one of these mean lords the bay courser which he himself rode upon, because his lordship had been pleased to say that it was a handsome beast and went well; and Timon knew that no man ever justly praised what he did not wish to possess. For Lord Timon weighed his friends’ affection with his own, and so fond was he of bestowing39, that he could have dealt kingdoms to these supposed friends, and never have been weary.
Not that Timon’s wealth all went to enrich these wicked flatterers; he could do noble and praiseworthy actions; and when a servant of his once loved the daughter of a rich Athenian, but could not hope to obtain her by reason that in wealth and rank the maid was so far above him, Lord Timon freely bestowed upon his servant three Athenian talents, to make his fortune equal with the dowry which the father of the young maid demanded of him who should be her husband. But for the most part, knaves40 and parasites41 had the command of his fortune, false friends whom he did not know to be such, but, because they flocked around his person, he thought they must needs love him; and because they smiled and flattered him, he thought surely that his conduct was approved by all the wise and good. And when he was feasting in the midst of all these flatterers and mock friends, when they were eating him up, and draining his fortunes dry with large draughts42 of richest wines drunk to his health and prosperity, he could not perceive the difference of a friend from a flatterer, but to his deluded43 eyes (made proud with the sight) it seemed a precious comfort to have so many like brothers commanding one another’s fortunes (though it was his own fortune which paid all the costs), and with joy they would run over at the spectacle of such, as it appeared to him, truly festive44 and fraternal meeting.
But while he thus outwent the very heart of kindness, and poured out his bounty, as if Plutus, the god of gold, had been but his steward45; while thus he proceeded without care or stop, so senseless of expense that he would neither inquire how he could maintain it, nor cease his wild flow of riot; his riches, which were not infinite, must needs melt away before a prodigality which knew no limits. But who should tell him so? his flatterers? they had an interest in shutting his eyes. In vain did his honest steward Flavius try to represent to him his condition, laying his accounts before him, begging of him, praying of him, with an importunity46 that on any other occasion would have been unmannerly in a servant, beseeching48 him with tears to look into the state of his affairs. Timon would still put him off, and turn the discourse49 to something else; for nothing is so deaf to remonstrance50 as riches turned to poverty, nothing is so unwilling51 to believe its situation, nothing so incredulous to its own true state, and hard to give credit to a reverse. Often had this good steward, this honest creature, when all the rooms of Timon’s great house have been choked up with riotous52 feeders at his master’s cost, when the floors have wept with drunken spilling of wine, and every apartment has blazed with lights and resounded53 with music and feasting, often had he retired54 by himself to some solitary55 spot, and wept faster than the wine ran from the wasteful56 casks within, to see the mad bounty of his lord, and to think, when the means were gone which brought him praises from all sorts of people, how quickly the breath would be gone of which the praise was made; praises won in feasting would be lost in fasting, and at one cloud of winter-showers these flies would disappear.
But now the time was come that Timon could shut his ears no longer to the representations of this faithful steward. Money must be had; and when he ordered Flavius to sell some of his land for that purpose, Flavius informed him, what he had in vain endeavoured at several times before to make him listen to, that most of his land was already sold or forfeited57, and that all he possessed at present was not enough to pay the one half of what he owed. Struck with wonder at this presentation, Timon hastily replied, “My lands extend from Athens to Lacedaemon.” “O my good lord,” said Flavius, “the world is but a world, and has bounds; were it all yours to give in a breath, how quickly were it gone!”
Timon consoled himself that no villanous bounty had yet come from him, that if he had given his wealth away unwisely, it had not been bestowed to feed his vices11, but to cherish his friends; and he bade the kind-hearted steward (who was weeping) to take comfort in the assurance that his master could never lack means, while he had so many noble friends; and this infatuated lord persuaded himself that he had nothing to do but to send and borrow, to use every man’s fortune (that had ever tasted his bounty) in this extremity58, as freely as his own. Then with a cheerful look, as if confident of the trial, he severally despatched messengers to Lord Lucius, to Lords Lucullus and Sempronius, men upon whom he had lavished59 his gifts in past times without measure or moderation; and to Ventidius, whom he had lately released out of prison by paying his debts, and who, by the death of his father, was now come into the possession of an ample fortune, and well enabled to requite60 Timon’s courtesy: to request of Ventidius the return of those five talents which he had paid for him, and of each of those noble lords the loan of fifty talents; nothing doubting that their gratitude61 would supply his wants (if he needed it) to the amount of five hundred times fifty talents.
Lucullus was the first applied62 to. This mean lord had been dreaming overnight of a silver bason and cup, and when Timon’s servant was announced, his sordid63 mind suggested to him that this was surely a making out of his dream, and that Timon had sent him such a present: but when he understood the truth of the matter, and that Timon wanted money, the quality of his faint and watery64 friendship showed itself, for with many protestations he vowed65 to the servant that he had long foreseen the ruin of his master’s affairs, and many a time had he come to dinner to tell him of it, and had come again to supper to try to persuade him to spend less, but he would take no counsel nor warning by his coming: and true it was that he had been a constant attender (as he said) at Timon’s feasts, as he had in greater things tasted his bounty; but that he ever came with that intent, or gave good counsel or reproof66 to Timon, was a base unworthy lie, which he suitably followed up with meanly offering the servant a bribe67, to go home to his master and tell him that he had not found Lucullus at home.
As little success had the messenger who was sent to Lord Lucius. This lying lord, who was full of Timon’s meat, and enriched almost to bursting with Timon’s costly presents, when he found the wind changed, and the fountain of so much bounty suddenly stopped, at first could hardly believe it; but on its being confirmed, he affected great regret that he should not have it in his power to serve Lord Timon, for unfortunately (which was a base falsehood) he had made a great purchase the day before, which had quite disfurnished him of the means at present, the more beast he, he called himself, to put it out of his power to serve so good a friend; and he counted it one of his greatest afflictions that his ability should fail him to pleasure such an honourable68 gentleman.
Who can call any man friend that dips in the same dish with him? just of this metal is every flatterer. In the recollection of everybody Timon had been a father to this Lucius, had kept up his credit with his purse; Timon’s money had gone to pay the wages of his servants, to pay the hire of the labourers who had sweat to build the fine houses which Lucius’s pride had made necessary to him: yet, oh! the monster which man makes himself when he proves ungrateful! this Lucius now denied to Timon a sum, which, in respect of what Timon had bestowed on him, was less than charitable men afford to beggars.
Sempronius, and every one of these mercenary lords to whom Timon applied in their turn, returned the same evasive answer or direct denial; even Ventidius, the redeemed and now rich Ventidius, refused to assist him with the loan of those five talents which Timon had not lent but generously given him in his distress69.
Now was Timon as much avoided in his poverty as he had been courted and resorted to in his riches. Now the same tongues which had been loudest in his praises, extolling70 him as bountiful, liberal, and open handed, were not ashamed to censure71 that very bounty as folly72, that liberality as profuseness73, though it had shown itself folly in nothing so truly as in the selection of such unworthy creatures as themselves for its objects. Now was Timon’s princely mansion74 forsaken75, and become a shunned77 and hated place, a place for men to pass by, not a place, as formerly78, where every passenger must stop and taste of his wine and good cheer; now, instead of being thronged with feasting and tumultuous guests, it was beset with impatient and clamorous79 creditors, usurers, extortioners, fierce and intolerable in their demands, pleading bonds, interest, mortgages; iron-hearted men that would take no denial nor putting off, that Timon’s house was now his jail, which he could not pass, nor go in nor out for them; one demanding his due of fifty talents, another bringing in a bill of five thousand crowns, which if he would tell out his blood by drops, and pay them so, he had not enough in his body to discharge, drop by drop.
In this desperate and irremediable state (as it seemed) of his affairs, the eyes of all men were suddenly surprised at a new and incredible lustre80 which this setting sun put forth81. Once more Lord Timon proclaimed a feast, to which he invited his accustomed guests, lords, ladies, all that was great or fashionable in Athens. Lord Lucius and Lucullus came, Ventidius, Sempronius, and the rest. Who more sorry now than these fawning82 wretches83, when they found (as they thought) that Lord Timon’s poverty was all pretence84, and had been only put on to make trial of their loves, to think that they should not have seen through the artifice at the time, and have had the cheap credit of obliging his lordship? yet who more glad to find the fountain of that noble bounty, which they had thought dried up, still fresh and running? They came dissembling, protesting, expressing deepest sorrow and shame, that when his lordship sent to them, they should have been so unfortunate as to want the present means to oblige so honourable a friend. But Timon begged them not to give such trifles a thought, for he had altogether forgotten it. And these base fawning lords, though they had denied him money in his adversity, yet could not refuse their presence at this new blaze of his returning prosperity. For the swallow follows not summer more willingly than men of these dispositions follow the good fortunes of the great, nor more willingly leaves winter than these shrink from the first appearance of a reverse; such summer birds are men. But now with music and state the banquet of smoking dishes was served up; and when the guests had a little done admiring whence the bankrupt Timon could find means to furnish so costly a feast, some doubting whether the scene which they saw was real, as scarce trusting their own eyes; at a signal given, the dishes were uncovered, and Timon’s drift appeared: instead of those varieties and far-fetched dainties which they expected, that Timon’s epicurean table in past times had so liberally presented, now appeared under the covers of these dishes a preparation more suitable to Timon’s poverty, nothing but a little smoke and lukewarm water, fit feast for this knot of mouth-friends, whose professions were indeed smoke, and their hearts lukewarm and slippery as the water with which Timon welcomed his astonished guests, bidding them, “Uncover, dogs, and lap;” and before they could recover their surprise, sprinkling it in their faces, that they might have enough, and throwing dishes and all after them, who now ran huddling85 out, lords, ladies, with their caps snatched up in haste, a splendid confusion, Timon pursuing them, still calling them what they were, “smooth smiling parasites, destroyers under the mask of courtesy, affable wolves, meek86 bears, fools of fortune, feast-friends, time-flies.” They, crowding out to avoid him, left the house more willingly than they had entered it; some losing their gowns and caps, and some their jewels in the hurry, all glad to escape out of the presence of such a mad lord, and from the ridicule87 of his mock banquet.
This was the last feast which ever Timon made, and in it he took farewell of Athens and the society of men; for, after that, he betook himself to the woods, turning his back upon the hated city and upon all mankind, wishing the walls of that detestable city might sink, and the houses fall upon their owners, wishing all plagues which infest88 humanity, war, outrage89, poverty, diseases, might fasten upon its inhabitants, praying the just gods to confound all Athenians, both young and old, high and low; so wishing, he went to the woods, where he said he should find the unkindest beast much kinder than mankind. He stripped himself naked, that he might retain no fashion of a man, and dug a cave to live in, and lived solitary in the manner of a beast, eating the wild roots, and drinking water, flying from the face of his kind, and choosing rather to herd90 with wild beasts, as more harmless and friendly than man.
What a change from Lord Timon the rich, Lord Timon the delight of mankind, to Timon the naked, Timon the man-hater! Where were his flatterers now? Where were his attendants and retinue91? Would the bleak92 air, that boisterous93 servitor, be his chamberlain, to put his shirt on warm? Would those stiff trees that had outlived the eagle, turn young and airy pages to him, to skip on his errands when he bade them? Would the cool brook94, when it was iced with winter, administer to him his warm broths95 and caudles when sick of an overnight’s surfeit96? Or would the creatures that lived in those wild woods come and lick his hand and flatter him?
Here on a day, when he was digging for roots, his poor sustenance97, his spade struck against something heavy, which proved to be gold, a great heap which some miser98 had probably buried in a time of alarm, thinking to have come again, and taken it from its prison, but died before the opportunity had arrived, without making any man privy99 to the concealment100; so it lay, doing neither good nor harm, in the bowels101 of the earth, its mother, as if it had never come from thence, till the accidental striking of Timon’s spade against it once more brought it to light.
Here was a mass of treasure which, if Timon had retained his old mind, was enough to have purchased him friends and flatterers again; but Timon was sick of the false world, and the sight of gold was poisonous to his eyes; and he would have restored it to the earth, but that, thinking of the infinite calamities102 which by means of gold happen to mankind, how the lucre103 of it causes robberies, oppression, injustice104, briberies105, violence, and murder, among men, he had a pleasure in imagining (such a rooted hatred106 did he bear to his species) that out of this heap, which in digging he had discovered, might arise some mischief107 to plague mankind. And some soldiers passing through the woods near to his cave at that instant, which proved to be a part of the troops of the Athenian captain Alcibiades, who upon some disgust taken against the senators of Athens (the Athenians were ever noted108 to be a thankless and ungrateful people, giving disgust to their generals and best friends), was marching at the head of the same triumphant109 army which he had formerly headed in their defence, to war against them; Timon, who liked their business well, bestowed upon their captain the gold to pay his soldiers, requiring no other service from him, than that he should with his conquering army lay Athens level with the ground, and burn, slay110, kill all her inhabitants; not sparing the old men for their white beards, for (he said) they were usurers, nor the young children for their seeming innocent smiles, for those (he said) would live, if they grew up, to be traitors111; but to steel his eyes and ears against any sights or sounds that might awaken113 compassion114; and not to let the cries of virgins115, babes, or mothers, hinder him from making one universal massacre116 of the city, but to confound them all in his conquest; and when he had conquered, he prayed that the gods would confound him also, the conqueror117: so thoroughly118 did Timon hate Athens, Athenians, and all mankind.
While he lived in this forlorn state, leading a life more brutal119 than human, he was suddenly surprised one day with the appearance of a man standing120 in an admiring posture121 at the door of his cave. It was Flavius, the honest steward, whom love and zealous122 affection to his master had led to seek him out at his wretched dwelling123, and to offer his services; and the first sight of his master, the once noble Timon, in that abject124 condition, naked as he was born, living in the manner of a beast among beasts, looking like his own sad ruins and a monument of decay, so affected this good servant, that he stood speechless, wrapped up in horror, and confounded. And when he found utterance125 at last to his words, they were so choked with tears, that Timon had much ado to know him again, or to make out who it was that had come (so contrary to the experience he had had of mankind) to offer him service in extremity. And being in the form and shape of a man, he suspected him for a traitor112, and his tears for false; but the good servant by so many tokens confirmed the truth of his fidelity126, and made it clear that nothing but love and zealous duty to his once dear master had brought him there, that Timon was forced to confess that the world contained one honest man; yet, being in the shape and form of a man, he could not look upon his man’s face without abhorrence127, or hear words uttered from his man’s lips without loathing128; and this singly honest man was forced to depart, because he was a man, and because, with a heart more gentle and compassionate129 than is usual to man, he bore man’s detested130 form and outward feature.
But greater visitants than a poor steward were about to interrupt the savage131 quiet of Timon’s solitude132. For now the day was come when the ungrateful lords of Athens sorely repented133 the injustice which they had done to the noble Timon. For Alcibiades, like an incensed134 wild boar, was raging at the walls of their city, and with his hot siege threatened to lay fair Athens in the dust. And now the memory of Lord Timon’s former prowess and military conduct came fresh into their forgetful minds, for Timon had been their general in past times, and a valiant135 and expert soldier, who alone of all the Athenians was deemed able to cope with a besieging136 army such as then threatened them, or to drive back the furious approaches of Alcibiades.
A deputation of the senators was chosen in this emergency to wait upon Timon. To him they come in their extremity, to whom, when he was in extremity, they had shown but small regard; as if they presumed upon his gratitude whom they had disobliged, and had derived137 a claim to his courtesy from their own most discourteous138 and unpiteous treatment.
Now they earnestly beseech47 him, implore139 him with tears, to return and save that city, from which their ingratitude140 had so lately driven him; now they offer him riches, power, dignities, satisfaction for past injuries, and public honours, and the public love; their persons, lives, and fortunes, to be at his disposal, if he will but come back and save them. But Timon the naked, Timon the man-hater, was no longer Lord Timon, the lord of bounty, the flower of valour, their defence in war, their ornament141 in peace. If Alcibiades killed his countrymen, Timon cared not. If he sacked fair Athens, and slew142 her old men and her infants, Timon would rejoice. So he told them; and that there was not a knife in the unruly camp which he did not prize above the reverendest throat in Athens.
This was all the answer he vouchsafed143 to the weeping disappointed senators; only at parting he bade them commend him to his countrymen, and tell them, that to ease them of their griefs and anxieties, and to prevent the consequences of fierce Alcibiades’ wrath144, there was yet a way left, which he would teach them, for he had yet so much affection left for his dear countrymen as to be willing to do them a kindness before his death. These words a little revived the senators, who hoped that his kindness for their city was returning. Then Timon told them that he had a tree, which grew near his cave, which he should shortly have occasion to cut down, and he invited all his friends in Athens, high or low, of what degree soever, who wished to shun76 affliction, to come and take a taste of his tree before he cut it down; meaning, that they might come and hang themselves on it, and escape affliction that way.
And this was the last courtesy, of all his noble bounties145, which Timon showed to mankind, and this the last sight of him which his countrymen had: for not many days after, a poor soldier, passing by the sea-beach, which was at a little distance from the woods which Timon frequented, found a tomb on the verge146 of the sea, with an inscription147 upon it, purporting148 that it was the grave of Timon the man-hater, who “While he lived, did hate all living men, and dying wished a plague might consume all caitiffs left!”
Whether he finished his life by violence, or whether mere149 distaste of life and the loathing he had for mankind brought Timon to his conclusion, was not clear, yet all men admired the fitness of his epitaph, and the consistency150 of his end; dying, as he had lived, a hater of mankind: and some there were who fancied a conceit151 in the very choice which he had made of the sea-beach for his place of burial, where the vast sea might weep for ever upon his grave, as in contempt of the transient and shallow tears of hypocritical and deceitful mankind.
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enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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bounty
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| n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与 | |
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disdain
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| n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑 | |
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dependants
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| 受赡养者，受扶养的家属( dependant的名词复数 ) | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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prodigal
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| adj.浪费的，挥霍的，放荡的 | |
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subdue
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| vt.制服，使顺从，征服；抑制，克制 | |
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dispositions
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| 安排( disposition的名词复数 )； 倾向； （财产、金钱的）处置； 气质 | |
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vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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munificent
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| adj.慷慨的，大方的 | |
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costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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costliness
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| 昂贵的 | |
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wares
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| n. 货物, 商品 | |
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thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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superfluous
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swell
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| vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强 | |
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inconveniently
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| ad.不方便地 | |
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beset
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| v.镶嵌；困扰，包围 | |
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needy
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| adj.贫穷的，贫困的，生活艰苦的 | |
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fulsome
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| adj.可恶的，虚伪的，过分恭维的 | |
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creditors
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| n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 ) | |
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redeemed
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| adj. 可赎回的，可救赎的 动词redeem的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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prodigals
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| n.浪费的( prodigal的名词复数 )；铺张的；挥霍的；慷慨的 | |
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prodigality
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| n.浪费，挥霍 | |
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copious
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| adj.丰富的，大量的 | |
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confluence
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| n.汇合，聚集 | |
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conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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makers
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| n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式） | |
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donors
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| n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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34
brace
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| n. 支柱,曲柄,大括号; v. 绷紧,顶住,(为困难或坏事)做准备 | |
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35
presenters
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| n.节目主持人，演播员( presenter的名词复数 ) | |
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36
artifice
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| n.妙计，高明的手段；狡诈，诡计 | |
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37
credulous
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| adj.轻信的，易信的 | |
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38
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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39
bestowing
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| 砖窑中砖堆上层已烧透的砖 | |
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40
knaves
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| n.恶棍，无赖( knave的名词复数 )；（纸牌中的）杰克 | |
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41
parasites
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| 寄生物( parasite的名词复数 )； 靠他人为生的人； 诸虫 | |
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42
draughts
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| n. <英>国际跳棋 | |
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43
deluded
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| v.欺骗，哄骗( delude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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44
festive
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| adj.欢宴的，节日的 | |
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45
steward
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| n.乘务员，服务员；看管人；膳食管理员 | |
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46
importunity
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| n.硬要，强求 | |
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47
beseech
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| v.祈求，恳求 | |
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48
beseeching
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| adj.恳求似的v.恳求，乞求（某事物）( beseech的现在分词 ) | |
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49
discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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50
remonstrance
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| n抗议，抱怨 | |
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51
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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52
riotous
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| adj.骚乱的；狂欢的 | |
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53
resounded
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| v.（指声音等）回荡于某处( resound的过去式和过去分词 )；产生回响；（指某处）回荡着声音 | |
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54
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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55
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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56
wasteful
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| adj.（造成）浪费的，挥霍的 | |
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57
forfeited
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| （因违反协议、犯规、受罚等）丧失，失去( forfeit的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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58
extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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59
lavished
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| v.过分给予，滥施( lavish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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60
requite
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| v.报酬，报答 | |
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61
gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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62
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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63
sordid
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| adj.肮脏的，不干净的，卑鄙的，暗淡的 | |
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64
watery
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| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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65
vowed
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| 起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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66
reproof
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| n.斥责，责备 | |
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67
bribe
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| n.贿赂；v.向…行贿，买通 | |
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68
honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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69
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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70
extolling
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| v.赞美( extoll的现在分词 )；赞颂，赞扬，赞美( extol的现在分词 ) | |
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71
censure
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| v./n.责备；非难；责难 | |
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72
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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73
profuseness
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| n.挥霍 | |
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74
mansion
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| n.大厦，大楼；宅第 | |
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75
Forsaken
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| adj. 被遗忘的, 被抛弃的 动词forsake的过去分词 | |
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76
shun
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| vt.避开，回避，避免 | |
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77
shunned
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| v.避开，回避，避免( shun的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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78
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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79
clamorous
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| adj.吵闹的，喧哗的 | |
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80
lustre
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| n.光亮，光泽；荣誉 | |
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81
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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82
fawning
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| adj.乞怜的，奉承的v.（尤指狗等）跳过来往人身上蹭以示亲热( fawn的现在分词 )；巴结；讨好 | |
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83
wretches
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| n.不幸的人( wretch的名词复数 )；可怜的人；恶棍；坏蛋 | |
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84
pretence
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| n.假装，作假；借口，口实；虚伪；虚饰 | |
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85
huddling
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| n. 杂乱一团, 混乱, 拥挤 v. 推挤, 乱堆, 草率了事 | |
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86
meek
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| adj.温顺的，逆来顺受的 | |
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87
ridicule
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| v.讥讽，挖苦；n.嘲弄 | |
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88
infest
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| v.大批出没于；侵扰；寄生于 | |
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89
outrage
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| n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒 | |
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90
herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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91
retinue
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| n.侍从；随员 | |
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92
bleak
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| adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的 | |
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93
boisterous
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| adj.喧闹的，欢闹的 | |
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94
brook
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| n.小河，溪；v.忍受，容让 | |
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95
broths
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| n.肉汤( broth的名词复数 )；厨师多了烧坏汤；人多手杂反坏事；人多添乱 | |
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96
surfeit
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| v.使饮食过度；n.(食物)过量，过度 | |
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97
sustenance
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| n.食物，粮食；生活资料；生计 | |
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98
miser
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| n.守财奴，吝啬鬼 (adj.miserly) | |
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99
privy
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| adj.私用的；隐密的 | |
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100
concealment
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| n.隐藏, 掩盖，隐瞒 | |
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101
bowels
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| n.肠，内脏，内部；肠( bowel的名词复数 )；内部，最深处 | |
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102
calamities
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| n.灾祸，灾难( calamity的名词复数 )；不幸之事 | |
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103
lucre
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| n.金钱，财富 | |
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104
injustice
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| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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105
briberies
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| n.行贿，受贿，贿赂( bribery的名词复数 ) | |
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106
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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107
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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108
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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109
triumphant
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| adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的 | |
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110
slay
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| v.杀死，宰杀，杀戮 | |
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111
traitors
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| 卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 )； 叛徒； 背叛者； 背信弃义的人 | |
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112
traitor
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| n.叛徒，卖国贼 | |
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113
awaken
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| vi.醒，觉醒；vt.唤醒，使觉醒，唤起，激起 | |
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114
compassion
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| n.同情，怜悯 | |
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115
virgins
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| 处女，童男( virgin的名词复数 )； 童贞玛利亚（耶稣之母） | |
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116
massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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117
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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118
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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119
brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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120
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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121
posture
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| n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势 | |
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122
zealous
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| adj.狂热的，热心的 | |
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123
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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124
abject
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| adj.极可怜的，卑屈的 | |
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125
utterance
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| n.用言语表达，话语，言语 | |
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126
fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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127
abhorrence
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| n.憎恶；可憎恶的事 | |
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128
loathing
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| n.厌恶，憎恨v.憎恨，厌恶( loathe的现在分词)；极不喜欢 | |
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129
compassionate
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| adj.有同情心的，表示同情的 | |
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130
detested
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| v.憎恶，嫌恶，痛恨( detest的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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131
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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132
solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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133
repented
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| 对（自己的所为）感到懊悔或忏悔( repent的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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134
incensed
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| 盛怒的 | |
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135
valiant
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| adj.勇敢的，英勇的；n.勇士，勇敢的人 | |
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136
besieging
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的现在分词 ) | |
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137
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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138
discourteous
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| adj.不恭的，不敬的 | |
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139
implore
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| vt.乞求，恳求，哀求 | |
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140
ingratitude
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| n.忘恩负义 | |
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141
ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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142
slew
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| v.（使）旋转；n.大量，许多 | |
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143
vouchsafed
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| v.给予，赐予( vouchsafe的过去式和过去分词 )；允诺 | |
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144
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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145
bounties
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| （由政府提供的）奖金( bounty的名词复数 )； 赏金； 慷慨； 大方 | |
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146
verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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147
inscription
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| n.（尤指石块上的）刻印文字，铭文，碑文 | |
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148
purporting
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| v.声称是…，（装得）像是…的样子( purport的现在分词 ) | |
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149
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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150
consistency
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| n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度 | |
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151
conceit
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| n.自负，自高自大 | |
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