I have mentioned some few of the more prominent and august calamities10 on record; but in these it is the extent, not less than the character of the calamity11, which so vividly12 impresses the fancy. I need not remind the reader that, from the long and weird13 catalogue of human miseries14, I might have selected many individual instances more replete15 with essential suffering than any of these vast generalities of disaster. The true wretchedness, indeed — the ultimate woe17 — is particular, not diffuse18. That the ghastly extremes of agony are endured by man the unit, and never by man the mass — for this let us thank a merciful God!
To be buried while alive is, beyond question, the most terrific of these extremes which has ever fallen to the lot of mere mortality. That it has frequently, very frequently, so fallen will scarcely be denied by those who think. The boundaries which divide Life from Death are at best shadowy and vague. Who shall say where the one ends, and where the other begins? We know that there are diseases in which occur total cessations of all the apparent functions of vitality19, and yet in which these cessations are merely suspensions, properly so called. They are only temporary pauses in the incomprehensible mechanism20. A certain period elapses, and some unseen mysterious principle again sets in motion the magic pinions22 and the wizard wheels. The silver cord was not for ever loosed, nor the golden bowl irreparably broken. But where, meantime, was the soul?
Apart, however, from the inevitable23 conclusion, a priori that such causes must produce such effects — that the well-known occurrence of such cases of suspended animation24 must naturally give rise, now and then, to premature25 interments — apart from this consideration, we have the direct testimony26 of medical and ordinary experience to prove that a vast number of such interments have actually taken place. I might refer at once, if necessary to a hundred well authenticated28 instances. One of very remarkable29 character, and of which the circumstances may be fresh in the memory of some of my readers, occurred, not very long ago, in the neighboring city of Baltimore, where it occasioned a painful, intense, and widely-extended excitement. The wife of one of the most respectable citizens-a lawyer of eminence30 and a member of Congress — was seized with a sudden and unaccountable illness, which completely baffled the skill of her physicians. After much suffering she died, or was supposed to die. No one suspected, indeed, or had reason to suspect, that she was not actually dead. She presented all the ordinary appearances of death. The face assumed the usual pinched and sunken outline. The lips were of the usual marble pallor. The eyes were lustreless31. There was no warmth. Pulsation32 had ceased. For three days the body was preserved unburied, during which it had acquired a stony33 rigidity35. The funeral, in short, was hastened, on account of the rapid advance of what was supposed to be decomposition36.
The lady was deposited in her family vault37, which, for three subsequent years, was undisturbed. At the expiration38 of this term it was opened for the reception of a sarcophagus; — but, alas39! how fearful a shock awaited the husband, who, personally, threw open the door! As its portals swung outwardly back, some white-apparelled object fell rattling40 within his arms. It was the skeleton of his wife in her yet unmoulded shroud41.
A careful investigation42 rendered it evident that she had revived within two days after her entombment; that her struggles within the coffin43 had caused it to fall from a ledge44, or shelf to the floor, where it was so broken as to permit her escape. A lamp which had been accidentally left, full of oil, within the tomb, was found empty; it might have been exhausted45, however, by evaporation46. On the uttermost of the steps which led down into the dread47 chamber48 was a large fragment of the coffin, with which, it seemed, that she had endeavored to arrest attention by striking the iron door. While thus occupied, she probably swooned, or possibly died, through sheer terror; and, in failing, her shroud became entangled49 in some iron — work which projected interiorly. Thus she remained, and thus she rotted, erect50.
In the year 1810, a case of living inhumation happened in France, attended with circumstances which go far to warrant the assertion that truth is, indeed, stranger than fiction. The heroine of the story was a Mademoiselle Victorine Lafourcade, a young girl of illustrious family, of wealth, and of great personal beauty. Among her numerous suitors was Julien Bossuet, a poor litterateur, or journalist of Paris. His talents and general amiability51 had recommended him to the notice of the heiress, by whom he seems to have been truly beloved; but her pride of birth decided52 her, finally, to reject him, and to wed53 a Monsieur Renelle, a banker and a diplomatist of some eminence. After marriage, however, this gentleman neglected, and, perhaps, even more positively54 ill-treated her. Having passed with him some wretched years, she died — at least her condition so closely resembled death as to deceive every one who saw her. She was buried — not in a vault, but in an ordinary grave in the village of her nativity. Filled with despair, and still inflamed55 by the memory of a profound attachment56, the lover journeys from the capital to the remote province in which the village lies, with the romantic purpose of disinterring the corpse58, and possessing himself of its luxuriant tresses. He reaches the grave. At midnight he unearths59 the coffin, opens it, and is in the act of detaching the hair, when he is arrested by the unclosing of the beloved eyes. In fact, the lady had been buried alive. Vitality had not altogether departed, and she was aroused by the caresses60 of her lover from the lethargy which had been mistaken for death. He bore her frantically61 to his lodgings62 in the village. He employed certain powerful restoratives suggested by no little medical learning. In fine, she revived. She recognized her preserver. She remained with him until, by slow degrees, she fully63 recovered her original health. Her woman’s heart was not adamant64, and this last lesson of love sufficed to soften65 it. She bestowed66 it upon Bossuet. She returned no more to her husband, but, concealing67 from him her resurrection, fled with her lover to America. Twenty years afterward68, the two returned to France, in the persuasion69 that time had so greatly altered the lady’s appearance that her friends would be unable to recognize her. They were mistaken, however, for, at the first meeting, Monsieur Renelle did actually recognize and make claim to his wife. This claim she resisted, and a judicial70 tribunal sustained her in her resistance, deciding that the peculiar71 circumstances, with the long lapse21 of years, had extinguished, not only equitably72, but legally, the authority of the husband.
The “Chirurgical Journal” of Leipsic — a periodical of high authority and merit, which some American bookseller would do well to translate and republish, records in a late number a very distressing73 event of the character in question.
An officer of artillery75, a man of gigantic stature76 and of robust77 health, being thrown from an unmanageable horse, received a very severe contusion upon the head, which rendered him insensible at once; the skull78 was slightly fractured, but no immediate79 danger was apprehended80. Trepanning was accomplished81 successfully. He was bled, and many other of the ordinary means of relief were adopted. Gradually, however, he fell into a more and more hopeless state of stupor82, and, finally, it was thought that he died.
The weather was warm, and he was buried with indecent haste in one of the public cemeteries83. His funeral took place on Thursday. On the Sunday following, the grounds of the cemetery84 were, as usual, much thronged85 with visiters, and about noon an intense excitement was created by the declaration of a peasant that, while sitting upon the grave of the officer, he had distinctly felt a commotion86 of the earth, as if occasioned by some one struggling beneath. At first little attention was paid to the man’s asseveration; but his evident terror, and the dogged obstinacy87 with which he persisted in his story, had at length their natural effect upon the crowd. Spades were hurriedly procured88, and the grave, which was shamefully89 shallow, was in a few minutes so far thrown open that the head of its occupant appeared. He was then seemingly dead; but he sat nearly erect within his coffin, the lid of which, in his furious struggles, he had partially90 uplifted.
He was forthwith conveyed to the nearest hospital, and there pronounced to be still living, although in an asphytic condition. After some hours he revived, recognized individuals of his acquaintance, and, in broken sentences spoke91 of his agonies in the grave.
From what he related, it was clear that he must have been conscious of life for more than an hour, while inhumed, before lapsing92 into insensibility. The grave was carelessly and loosely filled with an exceedingly porous93 soil; and thus some air was necessarily admitted. He heard the footsteps of the crowd overhead, and endeavored to make himself heard in turn. It was the tumult94 within the grounds of the cemetery, he said, which appeared to awaken95 him from a deep sleep, but no sooner was he awake than he became fully aware of the awful horrors of his position.
This patient, it is recorded, was doing well and seemed to be in a fair way of ultimate recovery, but fell a victim to the quackeries of medical experiment. The galvanic battery was applied96, and he suddenly expired in one of those ecstatic paroxysms which, occasionally, it superinduces.
The mention of the galvanic battery, nevertheless, recalls to my memory a well known and very extraordinary case in point, where its action proved the means of restoring to animation a young attorney of London, who had been interred97 for two days. This occurred in 1831, and created, at the time, a very profound sensation wherever it was made the subject of converse98.
The patient, Mr. Edward Stapleton, had died, apparently99 of typhus fever, accompanied with some anomalous100 symptoms which had excited the curiosity of his medical attendants. Upon his seeming decease, his friends were requested to sanction a post-mortem examination, but declined to permit it. As often happens, when such refusals are made, the practitioners101 resolved to disinter the body and dissect102 it at leisure, in private. Arrangements were easily effected with some of the numerous corps57 of body-snatchers, with which London abounds103; and, upon the third night after the funeral, the supposed corpse was unearthed104 from a grave eight feet deep, and deposited in the opening chamber of one of the private hospitals.
An incision105 of some extent had been actually made in the abdomen106, when the fresh and undecayed appearance of the subject suggested an application of the battery. One experiment succeeded another, and the customary effects supervened, with nothing to characterize them in any respect, except, upon one or two occasions, a more than ordinary degree of life-likeness in the convulsive action.
It grew late. The day was about to dawn; and it was thought expedient107, at length, to proceed at once to the dissection108. A student, however, was especially desirous of testing a theory of his own, and insisted upon applying the battery to one of the pectoral muscles. A rough gash109 was made, and a wire hastily brought in contact, when the patient, with a hurried but quite unconvulsive movement, arose from the table, stepped into the middle of the floor, gazed about him uneasily for a few seconds, and then — spoke. What he said was unintelligible110, but words were uttered; the syllabification was distinct. Having spoken, he fell heavily to the floor.
For some moments all were paralyzed with awe111 — but the urgency of the case soon restored them their presence of mind. It was seen that Mr. Stapleton was alive, although in a swoon. Upon exhibition of ether he revived and was rapidly restored to health, and to the society of his friends — from whom, however, all knowledge of his resuscitation112 was withheld113, until a relapse was no longer to be apprehended. Their wonder — their rapturous astonishment114 — may be conceived.
The most thrilling peculiarity115 of this incident, nevertheless, is involved in what Mr. S. himself asserts. He declares that at no period was he altogether insensible — that, dully and confusedly, he was aware of everything which happened to him, from the moment in which he was pronounced dead by his physicians, to that in which he fell swooning to the floor of the hospital. “I am alive,” were the uncomprehended words which, upon recognizing the locality of the dissecting-room, he had endeavored, in his extremity116, to utter.
It were an easy matter to multiply such histories as these — but I forbear — for, indeed, we have no need of such to establish the fact that premature interments occur. When we reflect how very rarely, from the nature of the case, we have it in our power to detect them, we must admit that they may frequently occur without our cognizance. Scarcely, in truth, is a graveyard117 ever encroached upon, for any purpose, to any great extent, that skeletons are not found in postures118 which suggest the most fearful of suspicions.
Fearful indeed the suspicion — but more fearful the doom119! It may be asserted, without hesitation120, that no event is so terribly well adapted to inspire the supremeness of bodily and of mental distress74, as is burial before death. The unendurable oppression of the lungs — the stifling fumes122 from the damp earth — the clinging to the death garments — the rigid34 embrace of the narrow house — the blackness of the absolute Night — the silence like a sea that overwhelms — the unseen but palpable presence of the Conqueror123 Worm — these things, with the thoughts of the air and grass above, with memory of dear friends who would fly to save us if but informed of our fate, and with consciousness that of this fate they can never be informed — that our hopeless portion is that of the really dead — these considerations, I say, carry into the heart, which still palpitates, a degree of appalling124 and intolerable horror from which the most daring imagination must recoil125. We know of nothing so agonizing126 upon Earth — we can dream of nothing half so hideous127 in the realms of the nethermost128 Hell. And thus all narratives129 upon this topic have an interest profound; an interest, nevertheless, which, through the sacred awe of the topic itself, very properly and very peculiarly depends upon our conviction of the truth of the matter narrated130. What I have now to tell is of my own actual knowledge — of my own positive and personal experience.
For several years I had been subject to attacks of the singular disorder131 which physicians have agreed to term catalepsy, in default of a more definitive132 title. Although both the immediate and the predisposing causes, and even the actual diagnosis133, of this disease are still mysterious, its obvious and apparent character is sufficiently134 well understood. Its variations seem to be chiefly of degree. Sometimes the patient lies, for a day only, or even for a shorter period, in a species of exaggerated lethargy. He is senseless and externally motionless; but the pulsation of the heart is still faintly perceptible; some traces of warmth remain; a slight color lingers within the centre of the cheek; and, upon application of a mirror to the lips, we can detect a torpid135, unequal, and vacillating action of the lungs. Then again the duration of the trance is for weeks — even for months; while the closest scrutiny136, and the most rigorous medical tests, fail to establish any material distinction between the state of the sufferer and what we conceive of absolute death. Very usually he is saved from premature interment solely137 by the knowledge of his friends that he has been previously138 subject to catalepsy, by the consequent suspicion excited, and, above all, by the non-appearance of decay. The advances of the malady139 are, luckily, gradual. The first manifestations140, although marked, are unequivocal. The fits grow successively more and more distinctive141, and endure each for a longer term than the preceding. In this lies the principal security from inhumation. The unfortunate whose first attack should be of the extreme character which is occasionally seen, would almost inevitably142 be consigned143 alive to the tomb.
My own case differed in no important particular from those mentioned in medical books. Sometimes, without any apparent cause, I sank, little by little, into a condition of hemi-syncope, or half swoon; and, in this condition, without pain, without ability to stir, or, strictly144 speaking, to think, but with a dull lethargic145 consciousness of life and of the presence of those who surrounded my bed, I remained, until the crisis of the disease restored me, suddenly, to perfect sensation. At other times I was quickly and impetuously smitten146. I grew sick, and numb27, and chilly147, and dizzy, and so fell prostrate148 at once. Then, for weeks, all was void, and black, and silent, and Nothing became the universe. Total annihilation could be no more. From these latter attacks I awoke, however, with a gradation slow in proportion to the suddenness of the seizure149. Just as the day dawns to the friendless and houseless beggar who roams the streets throughout the long desolate150 winter night — just so tardily151 — just so wearily — just so cheerily came back the light of the Soul to me.
Apart from the tendency to trance, however, my general health appeared to be good; nor could I perceive that it was at all affected152 by the one prevalent malady — unless, indeed, an idiosyncrasy in my ordinary sleep may be looked upon as superinduced. Upon awaking from slumber153, I could never gain, at once, thorough possession of my senses, and always remained, for many minutes, in much bewilderment and perplexity; — the mental faculties154 in general, but the memory in especial, being in a condition of absolute abeyance155.
In all that I endured there was no physical suffering but of moral distress an infinitude. My fancy grew charnel, I talked “of worms, of tombs, and epitaphs.” I was lost in reveries of death, and the idea of premature burial held continual possession of my brain. The ghastly Danger to which I was subjected haunted me day and night. In the former, the torture of meditation156 was excessive — in the latter, supreme121. When the grim Darkness overspread the Earth, then, with every horror of thought, I shook — shook as the quivering plumes157 upon the hearse. When Nature could endure wakefulness no longer, it was with a struggle that I consented to sleep — for I shuddered158 to reflect that, upon awaking, I might find myself the tenant160 of a grave. And when, finally, I sank into slumber, it was only to rush at once into a world of phantasms, above which, with vast, sable161, overshadowing wing, hovered162, predominant, the one sepulchral163 Idea.
From the innumerable images of gloom which thus oppressed me in dreams, I select for record but a solitary164 vision. Methought I was immersed in a cataleptic trance of more than usual duration and profundity165. Suddenly there came an icy hand upon my forehead, and an impatient, gibbering voice whispered the word “Arise!” within my ear.
I sat erect. The darkness was total. I could not see the figure of him who had aroused me. I could call to mind neither the period at which I had fallen into the trance, nor the locality in which I then lay. While I remained motionless, and busied in endeavors to collect my thought, the cold hand grasped me fiercely by the wrist, shaking it petulantly166, while the gibbering voice said again:
“Arise! did I not bid thee arise?”
“And who,” I demanded, “art thou?”
“I have no name in the regions which I inhabit,” replied the voice, mournfully; “I was mortal, but am fiend. I was merciless, but am pitiful. Thou dost feel that I shudder159. — My teeth chatter167 as I speak, yet it is not with the chilliness168 of the night — of the night without end. But this hideousness169 is insufferable. How canst thou tranquilly170 sleep? I cannot rest for the cry of these great agonies. These sights are more than I can bear. Get thee up! Come with me into the outer Night, and let me unfold to thee the graves. Is not this a spectacle of woe? — Behold171!”
I looked; and the unseen figure, which still grasped me by the wrist, had caused to be thrown open the graves of all mankind, and from each issued the faint phosphoric radiance of decay, so that I could see into the innermost recesses172, and there view the shrouded173 bodies in their sad and solemn slumbers174 with the worm. But alas! the real sleepers175 were fewer, by many millions, than those who slumbered176 not at all; and there was a feeble struggling; and there was a general sad unrest; and from out the depths of the countless177 pits there came a melancholy178 rustling179 from the garments of the buried. And of those who seemed tranquilly to repose180, I saw that a vast number had changed, in a greater or less degree, the rigid and uneasy position in which they had originally been entombed. And the voice again said to me as I gazed:
“Is it not — oh! is it not a pitiful sight?"— but, before I could find words to reply, the figure had ceased to grasp my wrist, the phosphoric lights expired, and the graves were closed with a sudden violence, while from out them arose a tumult of despairing cries, saying again: “Is it not — O, God, is it not a very pitiful sight?”
Phantasies such as these, presenting themselves at night, extended their terrific influence far into my waking hours. My nerves became thoroughly181 unstrung, and I fell a prey182 to perpetual horror. I hesitated to ride, or to walk, or to indulge in any exercise that would carry me from home. In fact, I no longer dared trust myself out of the immediate presence of those who were aware of my proneness183 to catalepsy, lest, falling into one of my usual fits, I should be buried before my real condition could be ascertained184. I doubted the care, the fidelity185 of my dearest friends. I dreaded186 that, in some trance of more than customary duration, they might be prevailed upon to regard me as irrecoverable. I even went so far as to fear that, as I occasioned much trouble, they might be glad to consider any very protracted187 attack as sufficient excuse for getting rid of me altogether. It was in vain they endeavored to reassure188 me by the most solemn promises. I exacted the most sacred oaths, that under no circumstances they would bury me until decomposition had so materially advanced as to render farther preservation189 impossible. And, even then, my mortal terrors would listen to no reason — would accept no consolation190. I entered into a series of elaborate precautions. Among other things, I had the family vault so remodelled191 as to admit of being readily opened from within. The slightest pressure upon a long lever that extended far into the tomb would cause the iron portal to fly back. There were arrangements also for the free admission of air and light, and convenient receptacles for food and water, within immediate reach of the coffin intended for my reception. This coffin was warmly and softly padded, and was provided with a lid, fashioned upon the principle of the vault-door, with the addition of springs so contrived192 that the feeblest movement of the body would be sufficient to set it at liberty. Besides all this, there was suspended from the roof of the tomb, a large bell, the rope of which, it was designed, should extend through a hole in the coffin, and so be fastened to one of the hands of the corpse. But, alas? what avails the vigilance against the Destiny of man? Not even these well-contrived securities sufficed to save from the uttermost agonies of living inhumation, a wretch16 to these agonies foredoomed!
There arrived an epoch193 — as often before there had arrived — in which I found myself emerging from total unconsciousness into the first feeble and indefinite sense of existence. Slowly — with a tortoise gradation — approached the faint gray dawn of the psychal day. A torpid uneasiness. An apathetic194 endurance of dull pain. No care — no hope — no effort. Then, after a long interval195, a ringing in the ears; then, after a lapse still longer, a prickling or tingling196 sensation in the extremities197; then a seemingly eternal period of pleasurable quiescence198, during which the awakening199 feelings are struggling into thought; then a brief re-sinking into non-entity; then a sudden recovery. At length the slight quivering of an eyelid200, and immediately thereupon, an electric shock of a terror, deadly and indefinite, which sends the blood in torrents201 from the temples to the heart. And now the first positive effort to think. And now the first endeavor to remember. And now a partial and evanescent success. And now the memory has so far regained202 its dominion203, that, in some measure, I am cognizant of my state. I feel that I am not awaking from ordinary sleep. I recollect204 that I have been subject to catalepsy. And now, at last, as if by the rush of an ocean, my shuddering205 spirit is overwhelmed by the one grim Danger — by the one spectral206 and ever-prevalent idea.
For some minutes after this fancy possessed207 me, I remained without motion. And why? I could not summon courage to move. I dared not make the effort which was to satisfy me of my fate — and yet there was something at my heart which whispered me it was sure. Despair — such as no other species of wretchedness ever calls into being — despair alone urged me, after long irresolution208, to uplift the heavy lids of my eyes. I uplifted them. It was dark — all dark. I knew that the fit was over. I knew that the crisis of my disorder had long passed. I knew that I had now fully recovered the use of my visual faculties — and yet it was dark — all dark — the intense and utter raylessness of the Night that endureth for evermore.
I endeavored to shriek209-, and my lips and my parched210 tongue moved convulsively together in the attempt — but no voice issued from the cavernous lungs, which oppressed as if by the weight of some incumbent212 mountain, gasped213 and palpitated, with the heart, at every elaborate and struggling inspiration.
The movement of the jaws214, in this effort to cry aloud, showed me that they were bound up, as is usual with the dead. I felt, too, that I lay upon some hard substance, and by something similar my sides were, also, closely compressed. So far, I had not ventured to stir any of my limbs — but now I violently threw up my arms, which had been lying at length, with the wrists crossed. They struck a solid wooden substance, which extended above my person at an elevation215 of not more than six inches from my face. I could no longer doubt that I reposed216 within a coffin at last.
And now, amid all my infinite miseries, came sweetly the cherub217 Hope — for I thought of my precautions. I writhed218, and made spasmodic exertions219 to force open the lid: it would not move. I felt my wrists for the bell-rope: it was not to be found. And now the Comforter fled for ever, and a still sterner Despair reigned220 triumphant221; for I could not help perceiving the absence of the paddings which I had so carefully prepared — and then, too, there came suddenly to my nostrils222 the strong peculiar odor of moist earth. The conclusion was irresistible223. I was not within the vault. I had fallen into a trance while absent from home-while among strangers — when, or how, I could not remember — and it was they who had buried me as a dog — nailed up in some common coffin — and thrust deep, deep, and for ever, into some ordinary and nameless grave.
As this awful conviction forced itself, thus, into the innermost chambers224 of my soul, I once again struggled to cry aloud. And in this second endeavor I succeeded. A long, wild, and continuous shriek, or yell of agony, resounded225 through the realms of the subterranean226 Night.
“Hillo! hillo, there!” said a gruff voice, in reply.
“What the devil’s the matter now!” said a second.
“Get out o’ that!” said a third.
“What do you mean by yowling in that ere kind of style, like a cattymount?” said a fourth; and hereupon I was seized and shaken without ceremony, for several minutes, by a junto227 of very rough-looking individuals. They did not arouse me from my slumber — for I was wide awake when I screamed — but they restored me to the full possession of my memory.
This adventure occurred near Richmond, in Virginia. Accompanied by a friend, I had proceeded, upon a gunning expedition, some miles down the banks of the James River. Night approached, and we were overtaken by a storm. The cabin of a small sloop228 lying at anchor in the stream, and laden229 with garden mould, afforded us the only available shelter. We made the best of it, and passed the night on board. I slept in one of the only two berths230 in the vessel231 — and the berths of a sloop of sixty or twenty tons need scarcely be described. That which I occupied had no bedding of any kind. Its extreme width was eighteen inches. The distance of its bottom from the deck overhead was precisely232 the same. I found it a matter of exceeding difficulty to squeeze myself in. Nevertheless, I slept soundly, and the whole of my vision — for it was no dream, and no nightmare — arose naturally from the circumstances of my position — from my ordinary bias233 of thought — and from the difficulty, to which I have alluded234, of collecting my senses, and especially of regaining235 my memory, for a long time after awaking from slumber. The men who shook me were the crew of the sloop, and some laborers236 engaged to unload it. From the load itself came the earthly smell. The bandage about the jaws was a silk handkerchief in which I had bound up my head, in default of my customary nightcap.
The tortures endured, however, were indubitably quite equal for the time, to those of actual sepulture. They were fearfully — they were inconceivably hideous; but out of Evil proceeded Good; for their very excess wrought237 in my spirit an inevitable revulsion. My soul acquired tone — acquired temper. I went abroad. I took vigorous exercise. I breathed the free air of Heaven. I thought upon other subjects than Death. I discarded my medical books. “Buchan” I burned. I read no “Night Thoughts”— no fustian238 about churchyards — no bugaboo tales — such as this. In short, I became a new man, and lived a man’s life. From that memorable239 night, I dismissed forever my charnel apprehensions240, and with them vanished the cataleptic disorder, of which, perhaps, they had been less the consequence than the cause.
There are moments when, even to the sober eye of Reason, the world of our sad Humanity may assume the semblance241 of a Hell — but the imagination of man is no Carathis, to explore with impunity242 its every cavern211. Alas! the grim legion of sepulchral terrors cannot be regarded as altogether fanciful — but, like the Demons243 in whose company Afrasiab made his voyage down the Oxus, they must sleep, or they will devour244 us — they must be suffered to slumber, or we perish.
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1 entirely | |
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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2 legitimate | |
adj.合法的,合理的,合乎逻辑的;v.使合法 | |
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3 mere | |
adj.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过 | |
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4 eschew | |
v.避开,戒绝 | |
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5 propriety | |
n.正当行为;正当;适当 | |
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6 majesty | |
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7 massacre | |
n.残杀,大屠杀;v.残杀,集体屠杀 | |
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8 stifling | |
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9 abhorrence | |
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n.痛苦( misery的名词复数 );痛苦的事;穷困;常发牢骚的人 | |
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adj.饱满的,塞满的;n.贮蜜蚁 | |
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16 wretch | |
n.可怜的人,不幸的人;卑鄙的人 | |
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17 woe | |
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19 vitality | |
n.活力,生命力,效力 | |
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20 mechanism | |
n.机械装置;机构,结构 | |
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21 lapse | |
n.过失,流逝,失效,抛弃信仰,间隔;vi.堕落,停止,失效,流逝;vt.使失效 | |
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22 pinions | |
v.抓住[捆住](双臂)( pinion的第三人称单数 ) | |
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23 inevitable | |
adj.不可避免的,必然发生的 | |
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24 animation | |
n.活泼,兴奋,卡通片/动画片的制作 | |
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25 premature | |
adj.比预期时间早的;不成熟的,仓促的 | |
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26 testimony | |
n.证词;见证,证明 | |
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27 numb | |
adj.麻木的,失去感觉的;v.使麻木 | |
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28 authenticated | |
v.证明是真实的、可靠的或有效的( authenticate的过去式和过去分词 );鉴定,使生效 | |
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29 remarkable | |
adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的 | |
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30 eminence | |
n.卓越,显赫;高地,高处;名家 | |
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31 lustreless | |
adj.无光泽的,无光彩的,平淡乏味的 | |
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32 pulsation | |
n.脉搏,悸动,脉动;搏动性 | |
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33 stony | |
adj.石头的,多石头的,冷酷的,无情的 | |
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34 rigid | |
adj.严格的,死板的;刚硬的,僵硬的 | |
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35 rigidity | |
adj.钢性,坚硬 | |
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36 decomposition | |
n. 分解, 腐烂, 崩溃 | |
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37 vault | |
n.拱形圆顶,地窖,地下室 | |
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38 expiration | |
n.终结,期满,呼气,呼出物 | |
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39 alas | |
int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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40 rattling | |
adj. 格格作响的, 活泼的, 很好的 adv. 极其, 很, 非常 动词rattle的现在分词 | |
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41 shroud | |
n.裹尸布,寿衣;罩,幕;vt.覆盖,隐藏 | |
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42 investigation | |
n.调查,调查研究 | |
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43 coffin | |
n.棺材,灵柩 | |
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44 ledge | |
n.壁架,架状突出物;岩架,岩礁 | |
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45 exhausted | |
adj.极其疲惫的,精疲力尽的 | |
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46 evaporation | |
n.蒸发,消失 | |
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47 dread | |
vt.担忧,忧虑;惧怕,不敢;n.担忧,畏惧 | |
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48 chamber | |
n.房间,寝室;会议厅;议院;会所 | |
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49 entangled | |
adj.卷入的;陷入的;被缠住的;缠在一起的v.使某人(某物/自己)缠绕,纠缠于(某物中),使某人(自己)陷入(困难或复杂的环境中)( entangle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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50 erect | |
n./v.树立,建立,使竖立;adj.直立的,垂直的 | |
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51 amiability | |
n.和蔼可亲的,亲切的,友善的 | |
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52 decided | |
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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53 wed | |
v.娶,嫁,与…结婚 | |
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54 positively | |
adv.明确地,断然,坚决地;实在,确实 | |
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55 inflamed | |
adj.发炎的,红肿的v.(使)变红,发怒,过热( inflame的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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56 attachment | |
n.附属物,附件;依恋;依附 | |
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57 corps | |
n.(通信等兵种的)部队;(同类作的)一组 | |
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58 corpse | |
n.尸体,死尸 | |
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59 unearths | |
发掘或挖出某物( unearth的第三人称单数 ); 搜寻到某事物,发现并披露 | |
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60 caresses | |
爱抚,抚摸( caress的名词复数 ) | |
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61 frantically | |
ad.发狂地, 发疯地 | |
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62 lodgings | |
n. 出租的房舍, 寄宿舍 | |
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63 fully | |
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地 | |
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64 adamant | |
adj.坚硬的,固执的 | |
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65 soften | |
v.(使)变柔软;(使)变柔和 | |
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66 bestowed | |
赠给,授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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67 concealing | |
v.隐藏,隐瞒,遮住( conceal的现在分词 ) | |
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68 afterward | |
adv.后来;以后 | |
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69 persuasion | |
n.劝说;说服;持有某种信仰的宗派 | |
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70 judicial | |
adj.司法的,法庭的,审判的,明断的,公正的 | |
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71 peculiar | |
adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的 | |
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72 equitably | |
公平地 | |
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73 distressing | |
a.使人痛苦的 | |
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74 distress | |
n.苦恼,痛苦,不舒适;不幸;vt.使悲痛 | |
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75 artillery | |
n.(军)火炮,大炮;炮兵(部队) | |
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76 stature | |
n.(高度)水平,(高度)境界,身高,身材 | |
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77 robust | |
adj.强壮的,强健的,粗野的,需要体力的,浓的 | |
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78 skull | |
n.头骨;颅骨 | |
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79 immediate | |
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的 | |
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80 apprehended | |
逮捕,拘押( apprehend的过去式和过去分词 ); 理解 | |
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81 accomplished | |
adj.有才艺的;有造诣的;达到了的 | |
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82 stupor | |
v.昏迷;不省人事 | |
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83 cemeteries | |
n.(非教堂的)墓地,公墓( cemetery的名词复数 ) | |
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84 cemetery | |
n.坟墓,墓地,坟场 | |
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85 thronged | |
v.成群,挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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86 commotion | |
n.骚动,动乱 | |
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87 obstinacy | |
n.顽固;(病痛等)难治 | |
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88 procured | |
v.(努力)取得, (设法)获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 );拉皮条 | |
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89 shamefully | |
可耻地; 丢脸地; 不体面地; 羞耻地 | |
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90 partially | |
adv.部分地,从某些方面讲 | |
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91 spoke | |
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说 | |
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92 lapsing | |
v.退步( lapse的现在分词 );陷入;倒退;丧失 | |
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93 porous | |
adj.可渗透的,多孔的 | |
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94 tumult | |
n.喧哗;激动,混乱;吵闹 | |
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95 awaken | |
vi.醒,觉醒;vt.唤醒,使觉醒,唤起,激起 | |
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96 applied | |
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用 | |
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97 interred | |
v.埋,葬( inter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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98 converse | |
vi.谈话,谈天,闲聊;adv.相反的,相反 | |
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99 apparently | |
adv.显然地;表面上,似乎 | |
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100 anomalous | |
adj.反常的;不规则的 | |
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101 practitioners | |
n.习艺者,实习者( practitioner的名词复数 );从业者(尤指医师) | |
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102 dissect | |
v.分割;解剖 | |
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103 abounds | |
v.大量存在,充满,富于( abound的第三人称单数 ) | |
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104 unearthed | |
出土的(考古) | |
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105 incision | |
n.切口,切开 | |
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106 abdomen | |
n.腹,下腹(胸部到腿部的部分) | |
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107 expedient | |
adj.有用的,有利的;n.紧急的办法,权宜之计 | |
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108 dissection | |
n.分析;解剖 | |
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109 gash | |
v.深切,划开;n.(深长的)切(伤)口;裂缝 | |
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110 unintelligible | |
adj.无法了解的,难解的,莫明其妙的 | |
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111 awe | |
n.敬畏,惊惧;vt.使敬畏,使惊惧 | |
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112 resuscitation | |
n.复活 | |
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113 withheld | |
withhold过去式及过去分词 | |
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114 astonishment | |
n.惊奇,惊异 | |
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115 peculiarity | |
n.独特性,特色;特殊的东西;怪癖 | |
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116 extremity | |
n.末端,尽头;尽力;终极;极度 | |
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117 graveyard | |
n.坟场 | |
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118 postures | |
姿势( posture的名词复数 ); 看法; 态度; 立场 | |
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119 doom | |
n.厄运,劫数;v.注定,命定 | |
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120 hesitation | |
n.犹豫,踌躇 | |
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121 supreme | |
adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的 | |
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122 fumes | |
n.(强烈而刺激的)气味,气体 | |
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123 conqueror | |
n.征服者,胜利者 | |
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124 appalling | |
adj.骇人听闻的,令人震惊的,可怕的 | |
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125 recoil | |
vi.退却,退缩,畏缩 | |
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126 agonizing | |
adj.痛苦难忍的;使人苦恼的v.使极度痛苦;折磨(agonize的ing形式) | |
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127 hideous | |
adj.丑陋的,可憎的,可怕的,恐怖的 | |
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128 nethermost | |
adj.最下面的 | |
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129 narratives | |
记叙文( narrative的名词复数 ); 故事; 叙述; 叙述部分 | |
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130 narrated | |
v.故事( narrate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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131 disorder | |
n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调 | |
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132 definitive | |
adj.确切的,权威性的;最后的,决定性的 | |
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133 diagnosis | |
n.诊断,诊断结果,调查分析,判断 | |
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134 sufficiently | |
adv.足够地,充分地 | |
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135 torpid | |
adj.麻痹的,麻木的,迟钝的 | |
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136 scrutiny | |
n.详细检查,仔细观察 | |
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137 solely | |
adv.仅仅,唯一地 | |
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138 previously | |
adv.以前,先前(地) | |
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139 malady | |
n.病,疾病(通常做比喻) | |
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140 manifestations | |
n.表示,显示(manifestation的复数形式) | |
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141 distinctive | |
adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的 | |
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142 inevitably | |
adv.不可避免地;必然发生地 | |
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143 consigned | |
v.把…置于(令人不快的境地)( consign的过去式和过去分词 );把…托付给;把…托人代售;丟弃 | |
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144 strictly | |
adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地 | |
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145 lethargic | |
adj.昏睡的,懒洋洋的 | |
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146 smitten | |
猛打,重击,打击( smite的过去分词 ) | |
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147 chilly | |
adj.凉快的,寒冷的 | |
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148 prostrate | |
v.拜倒,平卧,衰竭;adj.拜倒的,平卧的,衰竭的 | |
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149 seizure | |
n.没收;占有;抵押 | |
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150 desolate | |
adj.荒凉的,荒芜的;孤独的,凄凉的;v.使荒芜,使孤寂 | |
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151 tardily | |
adv.缓慢 | |
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152 affected | |
adj.不自然的,假装的 | |
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153 slumber | |
n.睡眠,沉睡状态 | |
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154 faculties | |
n.能力( faculty的名词复数 );全体教职员;技巧;院 | |
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155 abeyance | |
n.搁置,缓办,中止,产权未定 | |
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156 meditation | |
n.熟虑,(尤指宗教的)默想,沉思,(pl.)冥想录 | |
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157 plumes | |
羽毛( plume的名词复数 ); 羽毛饰; 羽毛状物; 升上空中的羽状物 | |
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158 shuddered | |
v.战栗( shudder的过去式和过去分词 );发抖;(机器、车辆等)突然震动;颤动 | |
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159 shudder | |
v.战粟,震动,剧烈地摇晃;n.战粟,抖动 | |
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160 tenant | |
n.承租人;房客;佃户;v.租借,租用 | |
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161 sable | |
n.黑貂;adj.黑色的 | |
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162 hovered | |
鸟( hover的过去式和过去分词 ); 靠近(某事物); (人)徘徊; 犹豫 | |
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163 sepulchral | |
adj.坟墓的,阴深的 | |
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164 solitary | |
adj.孤独的,独立的,荒凉的;n.隐士 | |
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165 profundity | |
n.渊博;深奥,深刻 | |
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166 petulantly | |
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167 chatter | |
vi./n.喋喋不休;短促尖叫;(牙齿)打战 | |
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168 chilliness | |
n.寒冷,寒意,严寒 | |
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169 hideousness | |
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170 tranquilly | |
adv. 宁静地 | |
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171 behold | |
v.看,注视,看到 | |
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172 recesses | |
n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 );(工作或业务活动的)中止或暂停期间;学校的课间休息;某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 );将(墙)做成凹形,在(墙)上做壁龛;休息,休会,休庭 | |
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173 shrouded | |
v.隐瞒( shroud的过去式和过去分词 );保密 | |
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174 slumbers | |
睡眠,安眠( slumber的名词复数 ) | |
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175 sleepers | |
n.卧铺(通常以复数形式出现);卧车( sleeper的名词复数 );轨枕;睡觉(呈某种状态)的人;小耳环 | |
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176 slumbered | |
微睡,睡眠(slumber的过去式与过去分词形式) | |
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177 countless | |
adj.无数的,多得不计其数的 | |
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178 melancholy | |
n.忧郁,愁思;adj.令人感伤(沮丧)的,忧郁的 | |
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179 rustling | |
n. 瑟瑟声,沙沙声 adj. 发沙沙声的 | |
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180 repose | |
v.(使)休息;n.安息 | |
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181 thoroughly | |
adv.完全地,彻底地,十足地 | |
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182 prey | |
n.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食;v.捕食,掠夺,折磨 | |
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183 proneness | |
n.俯伏,倾向 | |
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184 ascertained | |
v.弄清,确定,查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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185 fidelity | |
n.忠诚,忠实;精确 | |
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186 dreaded | |
adj.令人畏惧的;害怕的v.害怕,恐惧,担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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187 protracted | |
adj.拖延的;延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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188 reassure | |
v.使放心,使消除疑虑 | |
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189 preservation | |
n.保护,维护,保存,保留,保持 | |
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190 consolation | |
n.安慰,慰问 | |
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191 remodelled | |
v.改变…的结构[形状]( remodel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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192 contrived | |
adj.不自然的,做作的;虚构的 | |
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193 epoch | |
n.(新)时代;历元 | |
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194 apathetic | |
adj.冷漠的,无动于衷的 | |
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195 interval | |
n.间隔,间距;幕间休息,中场休息 | |
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196 tingling | |
v.有刺痛感( tingle的现在分词 ) | |
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197 extremities | |
n.端点( extremity的名词复数 );尽头;手和足;极窘迫的境地 | |
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198 quiescence | |
n.静止 | |
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199 awakening | |
n.觉醒,醒悟 adj.觉醒中的;唤醒的 | |
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200 eyelid | |
n.眼睑,眼皮 | |
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201 torrents | |
n.倾注;奔流( torrent的名词复数 );急流;爆发;连续不断 | |
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202 regained | |
复得( regain的过去式和过去分词 ); 赢回; 重回; 复至某地 | |
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203 dominion | |
n.统治,管辖,支配权;领土,版图 | |
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204 recollect | |
v.回忆,想起,记起,忆起,记得 | |
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205 shuddering | |
v.战栗( shudder的现在分词 );发抖;(机器、车辆等)突然震动;颤动 | |
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206 spectral | |
adj.幽灵的,鬼魂的 | |
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207 possessed | |
adj.疯狂的;拥有的,占有的 | |
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208 irresolution | |
n.不决断,优柔寡断,犹豫不定 | |
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209 shriek | |
v./n.尖叫,叫喊 | |
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210 parched | |
adj.焦干的;极渴的;v.(使)焦干 | |
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211 cavern | |
n.洞穴,大山洞 | |
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212 incumbent | |
adj.成为责任的,有义务的;现任的,在职的 | |
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213 gasped | |
v.喘气( gasp的过去式和过去分词 );喘息;倒抽气;很想要 | |
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214 jaws | |
n.口部;嘴 | |
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215 elevation | |
n.高度;海拔;高地;上升;提高 | |
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216 reposed | |
v.将(手臂等)靠在某人(某物)上( repose的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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217 cherub | |
n.小天使,胖娃娃 | |
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218 writhed | |
(因极度痛苦而)扭动或翻滚( writhe的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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219 exertions | |
n.努力( exertion的名词复数 );费力;(能力、权力等的)运用;行使 | |
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220 reigned | |
vi.当政,统治(reign的过去式形式) | |
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221 triumphant | |
adj.胜利的,成功的;狂欢的,喜悦的 | |
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222 nostrils | |
鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
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223 irresistible | |
adj.非常诱人的,无法拒绝的,无法抗拒的 | |
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224 chambers | |
n.房间( chamber的名词复数 );(议会的)议院;卧室;会议厅 | |
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225 resounded | |
v.(指声音等)回荡于某处( resound的过去式和过去分词 );产生回响;(指某处)回荡着声音 | |
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226 subterranean | |
adj.地下的,地表下的 | |
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227 junto | |
n.秘密结社;私党 | |
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228 sloop | |
n.单桅帆船 | |
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229 laden | |
adj.装满了的;充满了的;负了重担的;苦恼的 | |
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230 berths | |
n.(船、列车等的)卧铺( berth的名词复数 );(船舶的)停泊位或锚位;差事;船台vt.v.停泊( berth的第三人称单数 );占铺位 | |
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231 vessel | |
n.船舶;容器,器皿;管,导管,血管 | |
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232 precisely | |
adv.恰好,正好,精确地,细致地 | |
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233 bias | |
n.偏见,偏心,偏袒;vt.使有偏见 | |
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234 alluded | |
提及,暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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235 regaining | |
复得( regain的现在分词 ); 赢回; 重回; 复至某地 | |
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236 laborers | |
n.体力劳动者,工人( laborer的名词复数 );(熟练工人的)辅助工 | |
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237 wrought | |
v.引起;以…原料制作;运转;adj.制造的 | |
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238 fustian | |
n.浮夸的;厚粗棉布 | |
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239 memorable | |
adj.值得回忆的,难忘的,特别的,显著的 | |
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240 apprehensions | |
疑惧 | |
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241 semblance | |
n.外貌,外表 | |
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242 impunity | |
n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除 | |
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243 demons | |
n.恶人( demon的名词复数 );恶魔;精力过人的人;邪念 | |
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244 devour | |
v.吞没;贪婪地注视或谛听,贪读;使着迷 | |
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