While at Newstead Abbey I took great delight in riding and rambling3 about the neighborhood, studying out the traces of merry Sherwood Forest, and visiting the haunts of Robin Hood. The relics4 of the old forest are few and scattered5, but as to the bold outlaw6 who once held a kind of freebooting sway over it, there is scarce a hill or dale, a cliff or cavern7, a well or fountain, in this part of the country, that is not connected with his memory. The very names of some of the tenants8 on the Newstead estate, such as Beardall and Hardstaff, sound as if they may have been borne in old times by some of the stalwart fellows of the outlaw gang. One of the earliest books that captivated my fancy when a child, was a collection of Robin Hood ballads10, "adorned11 with cuts," which I bought of an old Scotch13 pedler, at the cost of all my holiday money. How I devoured14 its pages, and gazed upon its uncouth15 woodcuts! For a time my mind was filled with picturings of "merry Sherwood," and the exploits and revelling17 of the hold foresters; and Robin Hood, Little John, Friar Tuck, and their doughty18 compeers, were my heroes of romance.
These early feelings were in some degree revived when I found myself in the very heart of the far-famed forest, and, as I said before, I took a kind of schoolboy delight in hunting up all traces of old Sherwood and its sylvan20 chivalry21. One of the first of my antiquarian rambles22 was on horseback, in company with Colonel Wildman and his lady, who undertook to guide me to Borne of the moldering monuments of the forest. One of these stands in front of the very gate of Newstead Park, and is known throughout the country by the name of "The Pilgrim Oak." It is a venerable tree, of great size, overshadowing a wide arena23 of the road. Under its shade the rustics24 of the neighborhood have been accustomed to assemble on certain holidays, and celebrate their rural festivals. This custom had been handed down from father to son for several generations, until the oak had acquired a kind of sacred character.
The "old Lord Byron," however, in whose eyes nothing was sacred, when he laid his desolating25 hand on the groves27 and forests of Newstead, doomed28 likewise this traditional tree to the axe29. Fortunately the good people of Nottingham heard of the danger of their favorite oak, and hastened to ransom30 it from destruction. They afterward31 made a present of it to the poet, when he came to the estate, and the Pilgrim Oak is likely to continue a rural gathering32 place for many coming generations.
From this magnificent and time-honored tree we continued on our sylvan research, in quest of another oak, of more ancient date and less flourishing condition. A ride of two or three miles, the latter part across open wastes, once clothed with forest, now bare and cheerless, brought us to the tree in question. It was the Oak of Ravenshead, one of the last survivors33 of old Sherwood, and which had evidently once held a high head in the forest; it was now a mere34 wreck35, crazed by time, and blasted by lightning, and standing36 alone on a naked waste, like a ruined column in a desert.
"The scenes are desert now, and bare,
Where flourished once a forest fair,
When these waste glens with copse were lined,
And peopled with the hart and hind37.
Yon lonely oak, would he could tell
The changes of his parent dell,
Since he, so gray and stubborn now,
Waved in each breeze a sapling bough12.
Would he could tell how deep the shade
A thousand mingled38 branches made.
Here in my shade, methinks he'd say,
The mighty39 stag at noontide lay,
While doe, and roe19, and red-deer good,
Hare bounded by through gay green-wood."
At no great distance from Ravenshead Oak is a small cave which goes by the name of Robin Hood's stable. It is in the breast of a hill, scooped40 out of brown freestone, with rude attempt at columns and arches. Within are two niches41, which served, it is said, as stalls for the bold outlaw's horses. To this retreat he retired43 when hotly pursued by the law, for the place was a secret even from his band. The cave is overshadowed by an oak and alder44, and is hardly discoverable even at the present day; but when the country was overrun with forest it must have been completely concealed45.
There was an agreeable wildness and loneliness in a great part of our ride. Our devious46 road wound down, at one time among rocky dells, by wandering streams, and lonely pools, haunted by shy water-fowl. We passed through a skirt of woodland, of more modern planting, but considered a legitimate47 offspring of the ancient forest, and commonly called Jock of Sherwood. In riding through these quiet, solitary48 scenes, the partridge and pheasant would now and then burst upon the wing, and the hare scud49 away before us.
Another of these rambling rides in quest of popular antiquities50, was to a chain of rocky cliffs, called the Kirkby Crags, which skirt the Robin Hood hills. Here, leaving my horse at the foot of the crags, I scaled their rugged51 sides, and seated myself in a niche42 of the rocks, called Robin Hood's chair. It commands a wide prospect52 over the valley of Newstead, and here the bold outlaw is said to have taken his seat, and kept a look-out upon the roads below, watching for merchants, and bishops53, and other wealthy travellers, upon whom to pounce54 down, like an eagle from his eyrie.
Descending55 from the cliffs and remounting my horse, a ride of a mile or two further along a narrow "robber path," as it was called, which wound up into the hills between perpendicular56 rocks, led to an artificial cavern cut in the face of a cliff, with a door and window wrought57 through the living stone. This bears the name of Friar Tuck's cell, or hermitage, where, according to tradition, that jovial58 anchorite used to make good cheer and boisterous59 revel16 with his freebooting comrades.
Such were some of the vestiges60 of old Sherwood and its renowned61 "yeomandrie," which I visited in the neighborhood of Newstead. The worthy62 clergyman who officiated as chaplain at the Abbey, seeing my zeal64 in the cause, informed me of a considerable tract65 of the ancient forest, still in existence about ten miles distant. There were many fine old oaks in it, he said, that had stood for centuries, but were now shattered and "stag-headed," that is to say, their upper branches were bare, and blasted, and straggling out like the antlers of, a deer. Their trunks, too, were hollow, and full of crows and jackdaws, who made them their nestling places. He occasionally rode over to the forest in the long summer evenings, and pleased himself with loitering in the twilight66 about the green alleys67 and under the venerable trees.
The description given by the chaplain made me anxious to visit this remnant of old Sherwood, and he kindly68 offered to be my guide and companion. We accordingly sallied forth69 one morning on horseback on this sylvan expedition. Our ride took us through a part of the country where King John had once held a hunting seat; the ruins of which are still to be seen. At that time the whole neighbor hood was an open royal forest, or Frank chase, as it was termed; for King John was an enemy to parks and warrens, and other inclosures, by which game was fenced in for the private benefit and recreation of the nobles and the clergy63.
Here, on the brow of a gentle hill, commanding an extensive prospect of what had once been forest, stood another of those monumental trees, which, to my mind, gave a peculiar70 interest to this neighborhood. It was the Parliament Oak, so called in memory of an assemblage of the kind held by King John beneath its shade. The lapse71 of upward of six centuries had reduced this once mighty tree to a mere crumbling72 fragment, yet, like a gigantic torso in ancient statuary, the grandeur73 of the mutilated trunk gave evidence of what it had been in the days of its glory. In contemplating74 its mouldering75 remains76, the fancy busied itself in calling up the scene that must have been presented beneath its shade, when this sunny hill swarmed77 with the pageantry of a warlike and hunting court. When silken pavilions and warrior78-tents decked its crest79, and royal standards, and baronial banners, and knightly81 pennons rolled out to the breeze. When prelates and courtiers, and steel-clad chivalry thronged82 round the person of the monarch83, while at a distance loitered the foresters in green, and all the rural and hunting train that waited upon his sylvan sports.
'A thousand vassals84 mustered85 round
With horse, and hawk86, and horn, and hound;
And through the brake the rangers87 stalk,
And falc'ners hold the ready hawk;
And foresters in green-wood trim
Lead in the leash88 the greyhound grim."
Such was the phantasmagoria that presented itself for a moment to my imagination, peopling the silent place before me with empty shadows of the past. The reverie however was transient; king, courtier, and steel-clad warrior, and forester in green, with horn, and hawk, and hound, all faded again into oblivion, and I awoke to all that remained of this once stirring scene of human pomp and power—a mouldering oak, and a tradition.
"We are such stuff as dreams are made of!"
A ride of a few miles farther brought us at length among the venerable and classic shades of Sherwood, Here I was delighted to find myself in a genuine wild wood, of primitive89 and natural growth, so rarely to be met with in this thickly peopled and highly cultivated country. It reminded me of the aboriginal90 forests of my native land. I rode through natural alleys and green-wood groves, carpeted with grass and shaded by lofty and beautiful birches. What most interested me, however, was to behold91 around me the mighty trunks of veteran oaks, old monumental trees, the patriarchs of Sherwood Forest. They were shattered, hollow, and moss-grown, it is true, and their "leafy honors" were nearly departed; but like mouldering towers they were noble and picturesque92 in their decay, and gave evidence, even in their ruins, of their ancient grandeur.
As I gazed about me upon these vestiges of once "Merrie Sherwood," the picturings of my boyish fancy began to rise in my mind, and Robin Hood and his men to stand before me.
"He clothed himself in scarlet93 then,
His men were all in green;
A finer show throughout the world
In no place could be seen.
"Good lord! it was a gallant94 sight
To see them all In a row;
With every man a good broad-sword
And eke95 a good yew96 bow."
The horn of Robin Hood again seemed to resound97 through the forest. I saw this sylvan chivalry, half huntsmen, half freebooters, trooping across the distant glades98, or feasting and revelling beneath the trees; I was going on to embody99 in this way all the ballad9 scenes that had delighted me when a boy, when the distant sound of a wood-cutter's axe roused me from my day-dream.
The boding100 apprehensions101 which it awakened102 were too soon verified. I had not ridden much farther, when I came to an open space where the work of destruction was going on. Around me lay the prostrate103 trunks of venerable oaks, once the towering and magnificent lords of the forest, and a number of wood-cutters were hacking104 and hewing105 at another gigantic tree, just tottering106 to its fall.
Alas107! for old Sherwood Forest: it had fallen into the possession of a noble agriculturist; a modern utilitarian108, who had no feeling for poetry or forest scenery. In a little while and this glorious woodland will be laid low; its green glades be turned into sheep-walks; its legendary109 bowers110 supplanted111 by turnip-fields; and "Merrie Sherwood" will exist but in ballad and tradition.
"O for the poetical112 superstitions," thought I, "of the olden time! that shed a sanctity over every grove26; that gave to each tree its tutelar genius or nymph, and threatened disaster to all who should molest113 the hamadryads in their leafy abodes114. Alas! for the sordid115 propensities116 of modern days, when everything is coined into gold, and this once holiday planet of ours is turned into a mere 'working-day world.'"
My cobweb fancies put to flight, and my feelings out of tune117, I left the forest in a far different mood from that in which I had entered it, and rode silently along until, on reaching the summit of a gentle eminence118, the chime of evening bells came on the breeze across the heath from a distant village.
I paused to listen.
"They are merely the evening bells of Mansfield," said my companion.
"Of Mansfield!" Here was another of the legendary names of this storied neighborhood, that called up early and pleasant associations. The famous old ballad of the King and the Miller119 of Mansfield came at once to mind, and the chime of the bells put me again in good humor.
A little farther on, and we were again on the traces of Robin Hood. Here was Fountain Dale, where he had his encounter with that stalwart shaveling Friar Tuck, who was a kind of saint militant120, alternately wearing the casque and the cowl:
"The curtal fryar kept Fountain dale
Seven long years and more,
There was neither lord, knight80 or earl
Could make him yield before."
The moat is still shown which is said to have surrounded the stronghold of this jovial and fighting friar; and the place where he and Robin Hood had their sturdy trial of strength and prowess, in the memorable121 conflict which lasted
"From ten o'clock that very day
Until four in the afternoon,"
and ended in the treaty of fellowship. As to the hardy122 feats123, both of sword and trencher, performed by this "curtal fryar," behold are they not recorded at length in the ancient ballads, and in the magic pages of Ivanhoe?
The evening was fast coming on, and the twilight thickening, as we rode through these haunts famous in outlaw story. A melancholy124 seemed to gather over the landscape as we proceeded, for our course lay by shadowy woods, and across naked heaths, and along lonely roads, marked by some of those sinister125 names by which the country people in England are apt to make dreary126 places still more dreary. The horrors of "Thieves' Wood," and the "Murderers' Stone," and "the Hag Nook," had all to be encountered in the gathering gloom of evening, and threatened to beset127 our path with more than mortal peril128. Happily, however, we passed these ominous129 places unharmed, and arrived in safety at the portal of Newstead Abbey, highly satisfied with our green-wood foray.
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1
robin
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| n.知更鸟，红襟鸟 | |
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hood
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| n.头巾，兜帽，覆盖；v.罩上，以头巾覆盖 | |
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3
rambling
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| adj.[建]凌乱的，杂乱的 | |
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4
relics
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| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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6
outlaw
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| n.歹徒，亡命之徒；vt.宣布…为不合法 | |
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7
cavern
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| n.洞穴，大山洞 | |
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8
tenants
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| n.房客( tenant的名词复数 )；佃户；占用者；占有者 | |
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ballad
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| n.歌谣，民谣，流行爱情歌曲 | |
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ballads
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| 民歌，民谣，特别指叙述故事的歌( ballad的名词复数 )； 讴 | |
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adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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bough
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| n.大树枝，主枝 | |
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13
scotch
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| n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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14
devoured
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| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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15
uncouth
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| adj.无教养的，粗鲁的 | |
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16
revel
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| vi.狂欢作乐，陶醉；n.作乐，狂欢 | |
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17
revelling
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| v.作乐( revel的现在分词 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉 | |
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18
doughty
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| adj.勇猛的，坚强的 | |
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19
roe
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| n.鱼卵；獐鹿 | |
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sylvan
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| adj.森林的 | |
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21
chivalry
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| n.骑士气概，侠义；（男人）对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤 | |
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22
rambles
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| （无目的地）漫游( ramble的第三人称单数 )； （喻）漫谈； 扯淡； 长篇大论 | |
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23
arena
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| n.竞技场，运动场所；竞争场所，舞台 | |
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24
rustics
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| n.有农村或村民特色的( rustic的名词复数 )；粗野的；不雅的；用粗糙的木材或树枝制作的 | |
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25
desolating
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| 毁坏( desolate的现在分词 )； 极大地破坏； 使沮丧； 使痛苦 | |
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26
grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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27
groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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28
doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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29
axe
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| n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减 | |
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30
ransom
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| n.赎金，赎身；v.赎回，解救 | |
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31
afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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32
gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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33
survivors
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| 幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 ) | |
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34
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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35
wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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36
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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hind
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| adj.后面的，后部的 | |
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38
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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39
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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40
scooped
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| v.抢先报道( scoop的过去式和过去分词 )；（敏捷地）抱起；抢先获得；用铲[勺]等挖（洞等） | |
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41
niches
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| 壁龛( niche的名词复数 )； 合适的位置[工作等]； （产品的）商机； 生态位（一个生物所占据的生境的最小单位） | |
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42
niche
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| n.壁龛；合适的职务(环境、位置等) | |
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43
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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44
alder
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| n.赤杨树 | |
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45
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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46
devious
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| adj.不坦率的，狡猾的；迂回的，曲折的 | |
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47
legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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48
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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49
scud
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| n.疾行；v.疾行 | |
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50
antiquities
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| n.古老( antiquity的名词复数 )；古迹；古人们；古代的风俗习惯 | |
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51
rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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52
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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53
bishops
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| （基督教某些教派管辖大教区的）主教( bishop的名词复数 )； （国际象棋的）象 | |
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54
pounce
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| n.猛扑；v.猛扑，突然袭击，欣然同意 | |
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55
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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56
perpendicular
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| adj.垂直的，直立的；n.垂直线，垂直的位置 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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58
jovial
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| adj.快乐的，好交际的 | |
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boisterous
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| adj.喧闹的，欢闹的 | |
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vestiges
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| 残余部分( vestige的名词复数 )； 遗迹； 痕迹； 毫不 | |
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renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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clergy
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| n.[总称]牧师，神职人员 | |
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64
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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tract
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| n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林) | |
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twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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alleys
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| 胡同，小巷( alley的名词复数 )； 小径 | |
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68
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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69
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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lapse
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| n.过失，流逝，失效，抛弃信仰，间隔；vi.堕落，停止，失效，流逝；vt.使失效 | |
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72
crumbling
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| adj.摇摇欲坠的 | |
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73
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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contemplating
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| 深思，细想，仔细考虑( contemplate的现在分词 )； 注视，凝视； 考虑接受（发生某事的可能性）； 深思熟虑，沉思，苦思冥想 | |
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75
mouldering
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| v.腐朽( moulder的现在分词 )；腐烂，崩塌 | |
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76
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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77
swarmed
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| 密集( swarm的过去式和过去分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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78
warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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79
crest
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| n.顶点；饰章；羽冠；vt.达到顶点；vi.形成浪尖 | |
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80
knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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81
knightly
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| adj. 骑士般的 adv. 骑士般地 | |
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82
thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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83
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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84
vassals
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| n.奴仆( vassal的名词复数 )；（封建时代）诸侯；从属者；下属 | |
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85
mustered
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| v.集合，召集，集结（尤指部队）( muster的过去式和过去分词 )；（自他人处）搜集某事物；聚集；激发 | |
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86
hawk
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| n.鹰，骗子；鹰派成员 | |
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87
rangers
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| 护林者( ranger的名词复数 )； 突击队员 | |
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88
leash
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| n.牵狗的皮带，束缚；v.用皮带系住 | |
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89
primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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90
aboriginal
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| adj.（指动植物）土生的，原产地的，土著的 | |
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91
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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92
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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93
scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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95
eke
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| v.勉强度日，节约使用 | |
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96
yew
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| n.紫杉属树木 | |
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97
resound
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| v.回响 | |
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98
glades
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| n.林中空地( glade的名词复数 ) | |
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99
embody
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| vt.具体表达，使具体化；包含，收录 | |
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100
boding
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| adj.凶兆的，先兆的n.凶兆，前兆，预感v.预示，预告，预言( bode的现在分词 )；等待，停留( bide的过去分词 )；居住；（过去式用bided）等待 | |
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101
apprehensions
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| 疑惧 | |
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102
awakened
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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103
prostrate
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| v.拜倒，平卧，衰竭；adj.拜倒的，平卧的，衰竭的 | |
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104
hacking
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| n.非法访问计算机系统和数据库的活动 | |
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105
hewing
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| v.（用斧、刀等）砍、劈( hew的现在分词 )；砍成；劈出；开辟 | |
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106
tottering
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| adj.蹒跚的，动摇的v.走得或动得不稳( totter的现在分词 )；踉跄；蹒跚；摇摇欲坠 | |
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107
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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108
utilitarian
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| adj.实用的，功利的 | |
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109
legendary
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| adj.传奇（中）的，闻名遐迩的；n.传奇（文学） | |
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110
bowers
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| n.（女子的）卧室( bower的名词复数 )；船首锚；阴凉处；鞠躬的人 | |
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111
supplanted
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| 把…排挤掉，取代( supplant的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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112
poetical
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| adj.似诗人的；诗一般的；韵文的；富有诗意的 | |
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113
molest
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| vt.骚扰，干扰，调戏 | |
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114
abodes
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| 住所( abode的名词复数 )； 公寓； （在某地的）暂住； 逗留 | |
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115
sordid
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| adj.肮脏的，不干净的，卑鄙的，暗淡的 | |
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116
propensities
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| n.倾向，习性( propensity的名词复数 ) | |
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117
tune
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| n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整 | |
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118
eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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119
miller
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| n.磨坊主 | |
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120
militant
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| adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士 | |
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121
memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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122
hardy
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| adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的 | |
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123
feats
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| 功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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124
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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125
sinister
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| adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的 | |
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126
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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127
beset
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| v.镶嵌；困扰，包围 | |
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128
peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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129
ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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