The Little Hummer on her Bow-Knot Nest. (From a photograph.) The Little Hummer on her Bow-Knot Nest.
(From a photograph.)
The large brown hummers probably stop in the valley only on their way north, but the little black-chinned ones make their home there, and the big spreading sycamores and the great live-oaks[148] are their nesting grounds. In the big oak beside the ranch-house I have seen two or three nests at once; and a ring of live-oaks in front of the house held a complement13 of nests. From the hammock under the oak beside the house one could watch the birds at their work. If the front door was left open, the hummers would sometimes[149] fly inside; and as we stepped out they often darted14 away from the flowers growing under the windows.
California is the place of all places to study hummingbirds. The only drawback is that there are always too many other birds to watch at the same time; but one sees enough to want to see more. I never saw a hummingbird1 courtship unless—perhaps one performance I saw was part of the wooing. I was sitting on Mountain Billy under the little lover's sycamore when a buzzing and a whirring sounded overhead. On a twig15 sat a wee green lady and before her was her lover (?), who, with the sound and regularity16 of a spindle in a machine, swung shuttling from side to side in an arc less than a yard long. He never turned around, or took his eyes off his lady's, but threw himself back at the end of his line by a quick spread of his tail. She sat with her eyes fixed17 upon him, and as he moved from side to side her long bill followed him in a very droll18 way. When through with his dance he looked at her intently, as if to see what effect his performance had had upon her. She made some remark, apparently19 not to his liking20, for when he had answered he flew away. She called after him, but as he did not return she stretched herself and flew up on a twig above with an amusing air of relief.
This is all I have ever seen of the courtship; but when it comes to nest-building, I have[150] often been an eye-witness to that. One little acquaintance made a nest of yellow down and put it among the green oak leaves, making me think that the laws of protective coloration had no weight with her, but before the eggs were laid she had neatly21 covered the yellow with flakes22 of green lichen23. I found her one day sitting in the sun with the top of her head as white as though she had been diving into the flour barrel. Here was one of the wonderful cases of 'mutual24 help' in nature. The flowers supply insects and honey to the hummingbirds, and they, in turn, as they fly from blossom to blossom probing the tubes with the long slender bills that have gradually come to fit the shape of the tubes, brush off the pollen25 of one blossom to carry it on to the next, so enabling the plants to perfect their flowers as they could not without help. It is said that, in proportion to their numbers, hummingbirds assist as much as insects in the work of cross-fertilization.
Though this little hummer that I was watching let me come within a few feet of her, when a lizard26 ran under her bush she craned her neck and looked over her shoulder at him with surprising interest. She doubtless recognized him as one of her egg-eating enemies, on whose account she put her nest at the tip of a twig too slender to serve as a ladder.
Another hummingbird who built across the[151] way was still more trustful—with people. I used to sit leaning against the trunk of her oak and watch the nest, which was near the tip of one of the long swinging branches that drooped27 over the trail. When the tiny worker was at home, a yard-stick would almost measure the distance between us. As she sat on the nest she sometimes turned her head to look down at the dog lying beside me, and often hovered28 over us on going away.
The nest was saddled on a twig and glued to a glossy29 dark green oak leaf. Like the other nest, it was made of a spongy yellow substance, probably down from the underside of sycamore leaves; and like it, also, the outside was coated with lichen and wound with cobweb. The bird was a rapid worker, buzzing in with her material and then buzzing off after more. Once I saw the cobweb hanging from her needle-like bill, and thought she probably had been tearing down the beautiful suspension bridges the spiders hang from tree to tree.
It was very interesting to see her work. She would light on the rim5 of the nest, or else drop directly into the bottom of the tiny cup, and place her material with the end of her long bill. It looked like trying to sew at arm's length. She had to draw back her head in order not to reach beyond the nest. How much more convenient it would have been if her bill had been jointed30! It[152] seemed better suited to probing flower tubes than making nests. But then, she made nests only in spring, while she fed from flowers all the year round, and so could afford to stretch her neck a trifle one month for the sake of having a good long fly spear during the other eleven. The peculiar31 feature of her work was her quivering motion in moulding. When her material was placed she moulded her nest like a potter, twirling around against the sides, sometimes pressing so hard she ruffled32 up the feathers of her breast. She shaped her cup as if it were a piece of clay. To round the outside, she would sit on the rim and lean over, smoothing the sides with her bill, often with the same peculiar tremulous motion. When working on the outside, at times she almost lost her balance, and fluttered to keep from falling. To turn around in the nest, she lifted herself by whirring her wings.
When she found a bit of her green lichen about to fall, she took the loose end in her bill and drew it over the edge of the nest, fastening it securely inside. She looked very wise and motherly as she sat there at work, preparing a home for her brood. After building rapidly she would take a short rest on a twig in the sun, while she plumed34 her feathers. She made nest-making seem very pleasant work.
One day, wanting to experiment, I put a handful of oak blossoms on the nest. They covered[153] the cup and hung down over the sides. When the small builder came, she hovered over it a few seconds before making up her mind how it got there and what she had better do about it. Then she calmly lit on top of it! Part of it went off as she did so, but the rest she appropriated, fastening in the loose ends with the cobweb she had brought.
She often gave a little squeaky call when on the nest, as if talking to herself about her work. When going off for material she would dart9 away and then, as if it suddenly occurred to her that she did not know where she was going, would stop and stand perfectly36 still in the air, her vibrating wings sustaining her till she made up her mind, when she would shoot off at an angle. It seemed as if she would be worn out before night, but her eyes were bright and she looked vigorous enough to build half a dozen houses.
"There's odds37 in folks," our great-grandmothers used to say; and there certainly is in bird folks; even in the ways of the same one at different times. Now this hummingbird was content to build right in front of my eyes, and the hummer down at the little lover's tree, with her first nest, was so indifferent to Billy and me that I took no pains to keep at a distance or disguise the fact that I was watching her. But when her nest was destroyed she suddenly grew old in the ways of the world, and apparently repented38 having[154] trusted us. In any case, I got a lesson on being too prying39. The first nest had not been down long before I found that a second one was being built only a few feet away—by the same bird? I imagined so. The nest was only just begun, and being especially interested to see how such buildings were started, I rode close up to watch the work. A roll of yellow sycamore down was wound around a twig, and the bottom of the nest—the floor—attached to the underside of this beam; with such a solid foundation, the walls could easily be supported.
The small builder came when Billy and I were there. She did not welcome us as old friends, but sat down on her floor and looked at us—and I never saw her there again. Worse than that, she took away her nest, presumably to put it down where she thought inquisitive40 reporters would not intrude41. I was disappointed and grieved, having already planned—-on the strength of the first experience—to have the mother hummer's picture taken when she was feeding her young on the nest.
At first I thought this suspicion reflected upon the good sense of hummingbirds, but after thinking it over concluded that it spoke42 better for hummingbirds than for Billy and me. If this were, as I supposed, the same bird who had to brood her young with Billy grazing at the end of her bill, and if she had been present at the[155] unlucky moment when he got the oak branches tangled43 in the pommel of the saddle, although her branch was not among them, I can but admire her for moving when she found that the Philistines44 were again upon her, for her new house was hung at the tip of a branch that Billy might easily have swept in passing.
These nests had all been very low, only four or five feet above the ground; but one day I found young in one of the common treetop nests. I could see it through the branches. Two little heads stuck up above the edge like two small Jacks-in-boxes. Billy made such a noise under the oak when the bird was feeding the youngsters that I took him away where he could not disturb the family, and tied him to an oak covered with poison ivy45, for he was especially fond of eating it, and the poison did not affect him.
Before the old hummer flew off, she picked up a tiny white feather that she found in the nest, and wound it around a twig. On her return, in the midst of her feeding, she darted down and set the feather flying; but, as it got away from her, she caught it again. The performance was repeated the next time she came with food; but she did it all so solemnly I could not tell whether she were playing or trying to get rid of something that annoyed her.
She fed at the long intervals46 that are so trying to an observer, for if you are going to sit for hours[156] with your eyes glued to a nest, it really is pleasant to have something happen once in a while! Though the mother bird did not go to the nest often, she sometimes flew by, and once the sound of her wings roused the young, and they called out to her as she passed. When they were awake, it was amusing to see the little midgets stick out their long, thread-like tongues, preen47 their pin-feathers, and stretch their wings over the nest.
One fine morning when I went to the oak I heard a faint squeak35, and saw something fluttering up in the tree. When the mother came, she buzzed about as though not liking the look of things, for her children were out of the nest, and behold48!—a horse and rider were under her tree. She tried to coax49 the unruly nestlings to follow her into the upper stories, but they would not go.
The Swing Nest of the Hummer. (From a Photograph.) The Swing Nest of the Hummer.
(From a Photograph.)
Although not ready to be led, one of the infants soon felt that it would be nice to go alone. When a bird first leaves the nest it goes about very gingerly, but this little fellow now began to feel his strength and the excitement of his freedom. He wiped his tongue on a branch, and then, to my astonishment50, his wings began to whirl as if he were getting up steam, and presently they lifted him from his twig, and he went whirring off as softly as a hummingbird moth33, among the oak sprays. His nerves were evidently on edge, for he looked around at the sound of falling leaves,[157] started when Billy sneezed, and turned from side to side very apprehensively51, in spite of his out-in-the-world, big-boy airs. He may have felt hampered52 by his unused wings, for, as he sat there waiting for his mother to come, he stroked them out with his bill to get them in better working order. That done, he leaned over, rounded[158] his shoulders, and pecked at a leaf as if he were as much grown up as anybody.
Of all the beautiful hummingbirds' nests I saw in California, three are particularly noteworthy because of their positions. One cup was set down on what looked like an inverted53 saucer, in the form of a dark green oak leaf wound with cobweb. That was in the oak beside the ranch-house. Another one was on a branch of eucalyptus54, set between two leaves like the knot in a bow of stiff ribbon. To my great satisfaction, the photographer was able to induce the bird to have a sitting while she brooded her eggs. The third nest I imagined belonged to the bird who took up her floor because Billy and I looked at her. If she were, her fate was certainly hard, for her eggs were taken by some one, boy or beast. Her nest was most skillfully supported. It was fastened like the seat of a swing between two twigs55 no larger than knitting-needles, at the end of a long drooping56 branch. It was a unique pleasure to see the tiny bird sit in her swing and be blown by the wind. Sometimes she went circling about as though riding in a merry-go-round; and at others the wind blew so hard her round boat rose and fell like a little ship at sea.
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1
hummingbird
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| n.蜂鸟 | |
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hummingbirds
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| n.蜂鸟( hummingbird的名词复数 ) | |
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hover
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| vi.翱翔，盘旋；徘徊；彷徨，犹豫 | |
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primroses
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| n.报春花( primrose的名词复数 )；淡黄色；追求享乐（招至恶果） | |
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rim
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| n.(圆物的)边，轮缘；边界 | |
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gambols
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| v.蹦跳，跳跃，嬉戏( gambol的第三人称单数 ) | |
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sage
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| n.圣人，哲人；adj.贤明的，明智的 | |
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8
swarming
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| 密集( swarm的现在分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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dart
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| v.猛冲，投掷；n.飞镖，猛冲 | |
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darting
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| v.投掷，投射( dart的现在分词 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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shrubs
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| 灌木( shrub的名词复数 ) | |
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scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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complement
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| n.补足物，船上的定员；补语；vt.补充，补足 | |
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darted
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| v.投掷，投射( dart的过去式和过去分词 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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twig
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| n.小树枝，嫩枝；v.理解 | |
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regularity
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| n.规律性，规则性；匀称，整齐 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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droll
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| adj.古怪的，好笑的 | |
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apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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liking
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| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
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neatly
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| adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地 | |
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flakes
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| 小薄片( flake的名词复数 )； （尤指）碎片； 雪花； 古怪的人 | |
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lichen
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| n.地衣, 青苔 | |
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mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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pollen
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| n.[植]花粉 | |
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lizard
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| n.蜥蜴，壁虎 | |
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drooped
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| 弯曲或下垂，发蔫( droop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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hovered
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| 鸟( hover的过去式和过去分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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glossy
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| adj.平滑的；有光泽的 | |
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jointed
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| 有接缝的 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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ruffled
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| adj. 有褶饰边的, 起皱的 动词ruffle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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moth
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| n.蛾，蛀虫 | |
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plumed
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| 饰有羽毛的 | |
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squeak
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| n.吱吱声，逃脱；v.（发出）吱吱叫，侥幸通过；（俚）告密 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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odds
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| n.让步，机率，可能性，比率；胜败优劣之别 | |
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repented
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| 对（自己的所为）感到懊悔或忏悔( repent的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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prying
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| adj.爱打听的v.打听，刺探（他人的私事）( pry的现在分词 )；撬开 | |
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inquisitive
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| adj.求知欲强的，好奇的，好寻根究底的 | |
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intrude
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| vi.闯入；侵入；打扰，侵扰 | |
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42
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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tangled
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| adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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44
philistines
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| n.市侩，庸人( philistine的名词复数 )；庸夫俗子 | |
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45
ivy
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| n.常青藤，常春藤 | |
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46
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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preen
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| v.（人）打扮修饰 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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coax
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| v.哄诱，劝诱，用诱哄得到，诱取 | |
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50
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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apprehensively
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| adv.担心地 | |
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52
hampered
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| 妨碍，束缚，限制( hamper的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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inverted
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| adj.反向的，倒转的v.使倒置，使反转( invert的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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54
eucalyptus
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| n.桉树，桉属植物 | |
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twigs
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| 细枝，嫩枝( twig的名词复数 ) | |
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drooping
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| adj. 下垂的，无力的 动词droop的现在分词 | |
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