My diary continues:—“We passed the ‘Crimson1 Cliffs’ of Sir John Ross in the forenoon of August 5th. The patches of red snow, from which they derive2 their name, could be seen clearly at the distance of ten miles from the coast. It had a fine deep rose hue3, and all the gorges4 and ravines in which the snows had lodged5 were deeply tinted6 with it. I had no difficulty now in justifying7 the somewhat poetical8 nomenclature which Sir John Franklin applied9 to this locality; for if the snowy surface were more diffused10, as it is no doubt, earlier in the season, crimson would be the prevailing11 colour.
“Late at night we passed Conical Rock, the most insulated and conspicuous12 landmark13 of this coast; and, still later, Wolstenholme and Saunder’s Islands, and Oomenak, the place of the North Star’s winter-quarters—an admirable day’s run; and so ends the 5th of August. We are standing14 along, with studding-sails set, and open water before us, fast nearing our scene of labour. We have already got to work, sewing up blanket bags and preparing sledges15 for our campaignings on the ice.”
We reached Hakluyt Island in the course of the next day.
“August 6.—Cape18 Alexander and Cape Isabella, the headlands of Smith’s Sound, are now in sight; and, in addition to these indications of our progress toward the field of search, a marked swell19 has set in after a short blow from the northward20, just such as might be looked ? 19 ? for from the action of the wind upon an open water-space beyond.
“August 7.—We have left Cape Alexander to the south; and Littleton Island is before us, hiding Cape Hatherton, the latest positively-determined21 headland. We are fairly inside of Smith’s Sound.
“As we neared the west end of Littleton Island, after breakfast this morning, I ascended22 to the crow’s-nest, and saw to my sorrow the ominous23 blink of ice ahead. The wind has been freshening for a couple of days from the northward, and if it continues, it will bring down the floes on us.
“My mind has been made up from the first that we are to force our way to the north, as far as the elements will let us; and I feel the importance, therefore, of securing a place of retreat, that in case of disaster we may not be altogether at large. Besides, we have now reached one of the points at which, if any one is to follow us, he might look for some trace to guide him.”
The First Cairn
I determined to leave a cairn on Littleton Island, and to deposit a boat with a supply of stores in some convenient place near it. One of our whale-boats had been crushed in Melville Bay, and the metallic25 life-boat was the only one I could spare. Its length did not exceed twenty feet, and our crew of twenty could hardly stow themselves in it, with even a few days’ rations26; but it was air-chambered and buoyant.
Selecting from our stock of provisions and field equipage such portions as we might by good luck be able to dispense28 with, and adding with reluctant liberality some blankets few yards of India-rubber cloth, we set out in search of a spot for our first dep?t It was essential that it should be upon the mainland, for the rapid tides might ? 20 ? so wear away the ice as to make an island inaccessible29 to a foot-party; and yet it was desirable that, while secure against the action of sea and ice, it should be approachable by boats. We found such a place after some pretty cold rowing. It was off the north-east cape of Littleton, and bore S.S.E. from Cape Hatherton, which loomed30 in the distance above the fog. Here were buried our life-boat with her little cargo31. We placed along her gunwale the heaviest rocks we could handle, and, filling up the interstices with smaller stones and sods of andromeda and moss32, poured sand and water among the layers. This, frozen at once into a solid mass, might be hard enough, we hoped, to resist the claws of the polar bear.
We found to our surprise that we were not the first human beings who had sought a shelter in this desolate33 spot. A few ruined walls here and there showed that it had once been the seat of a rude settlement; and in the little knoll34 which we cleared away to cover in our storehouse of valuables, we found the mortal remains36 of their former inhabitants.
Nothing can be imagined more sad and homeless than these memorials of extinct life. Hardly a vestige37 of growth was traceable on the bare ice-rubbed rocks; and the huts resembled so much the broken fragments that surrounded them, that at first sight it was hard to distinguish one from the other. Walrus38-bones lay about in all directions, showing that this animal had furnished the staple39 of subsistence. There were some remains, too, of the fox and the narwhal;[H] but I found no signs of the seal or reindeer40.
[H] Narwhal, the sea unicorn41.
These Esquimaux have no mother earth to receive their dead, but seat them as in the attitude of repose42, the knees ? 21 ? drawn43 close to the body, and enclose them in a sack of skins. The implements44 used by the person while living are then grouped around him; they are covered with a rude dome45 of stones, and a cairn is piled above. This simple cenotaph will remain intact for generation after generation. The Esquimaux never disturb a grave.
Our stores deposited, it was our next office to erect46 a beacon47, and intrust to it our tidings. We chose for this purpose the Western Cape of Littleton Island, as more conspicuous than Cape Hatherton; built our cairn; wedged a staff into the crevices48 of the rocks; and, spreading the American flag, hailed its folds with three cheers as they expanded in the cold midnight breeze. These important duties performed—the more lightly, let me say, for this little flicker49 of enthusiasm—we rejoined the brig early on the morning of the 7th, and forced on again towards the north, beating against wind and tide.
“August 8.—I had seen the ominous blink ahead of us from the Flagstaff Point of Littleton Island, and before two hours were over, we closed with ice to the westward50.
“In the evening I ventured out again with the change of tide, but it was only to renew a profitless conflict. The flood, encountering the southward movement of the floes, drove them in upon the shore, and with such rapidity and force as to carry the smaller bergs along with them. We were too happy, when, after a manful struggle of some hours, we found ourselves once more out of their range.
“Our new position was rather nearer to the south than the one we had left. It was in a beautiful cove35, land-locked from east to west, and accessible only from the north. Here we moored51 our vessel52 securely by hawsers54 to the rocks and a whale-line carried out to the narrow entrance. At M’Gary’s suggestion, I called it ‘Fog ? 22 ? Inlet;‘ but we afterwards remembered it more thankfully as Refuge Harbour.
The Dogs
“August 9.—It may be noted55 among our little miseries56, that we have more than fifty dogs on board, the majority of which might rather be characterised as ‘ravening wolves.’ To feed this family, upon whose strength our progress and success depend, is really a difficult matter. The absence of shore or land ice to the south in Baffin’s Bay has prevented our rifles from contributing any material aid to our commissariat. Our two bears lasted the cormorants57 but eight days; and to feed them upon the meagre allowance of two pounds of raw flesh every other day, is an almost impossible necessity. Only yesterday they were ready to eat the caboose up, for I would not give them pemmican. Corn-meal or beans they disdain58 to touch, and salt junk would kill them.
“Accordingly I started out this morning to hunt walrus, with which the Sound is teeming59. We saw at least fifty of these dusky monsters, and approached many groups within twenty paces; but our rifle balls reverberated60 from their hides like cork61 pellets from a pop-gun target, and we could not get within harpoon-distance of one. Later in the day, however, Ohlsen, climbing a neighbouring hill to scan the horizon, and see if the ice had slackened, found the dead carcass of a narwhal—a happy discovery, which has secured for us at least six hundred pounds of good wholesome62 flesh. The length of the narwhal was fourteen feet, and his process, or ‘horn,’ from the tip to its bony encasement, four feet. We built a fire on the rocks, and melted down his blubber; he will yield readily two barrels of oil.”
With the small hours of Wednesday morning came a breeze from the south-west, which was followed by such an apparent relaxation63 of the floes at the slack-water of ? 23 ? flood-tide, that I resolved to attempt an escape from our little basin.
Warping64 The “Advance”
“August 12.—After careful consideration, I have determined to try for a further northing, by following the coast-line. At certain stages of the tides—generally from three-quarters flood to the commencement of the ebb—the ice evidently relaxes enough to give a partial opening close along the land. The strength of our vessel we have tested pretty thoroughly66; if she will bear the frequent groundings that we must look for, I am persuaded we may seek these openings, and warp65 along them from one lump of grounded ice to another. The water is too shallow for ice-masses to float in, that are heavy enough to make a nip very dangerous. I am preparing the little brig for this novel navigation, clearing her decks, securing things below with extra lashings, and getting out spars, to serve in case of necessity as shores to keep her on an even keel.
“August 14.—Change of weather yesterday tempted67 us to forsake68 our shelter and try another tussle69 with the ice. We met it as soon as we ventured out; and the day closed with a northerly progress, by hard warping, of about three-quarters of a mile. The men were well tired, but the weather looked so threatening, that I had them up again at three o’clock this morning. My immediate70 aim is to attain71 a low rocky island which we see close into the shore, about a mile ahead of us.
“Midnight.—We did reach it, and just in time. At 11.30 P.M., our first whale-line was made fast to the rocks Ten minutes later, the breeze freshened, and so directly in our teeth that we could not have gained our mooring-ground. It is blowing a gale72 now, and the ice driving to the northward before it; but we can rely upon our hawsers. All behind us is now solid pack.
? 24 ?
“August 16.—Fast still; the wind dying out, and the ice outside closing steadily73. And here, for all I can see, we must hang on for the winter, unless Providence74 shall send a smart ice-shattering breeze to open a road for us to the northward.
“More bother with these wretched dogs! worse than a street of Constantinople emptied upon our decks; the unruly, thieving, wild-beast pack! Not a bear’s paw, nor an Esquimaux cranium, or basket of mosses75, or any specimen76 whatever, can leave your hands for a moment, without their making a rush at it, and, after a yelping77 scramble78, swallowing it at a gulp79. I have seen them attempt a whole feather-bed; and here, this very morning, one of my Karsuk brutes80 has eaten up two entire birds’-nests, which I had just before gathered from the rocks.
“August 17.—In the afternoon came a gale from the southward. We had some rough rubbing from the floe24, pieces, with three heavy hawsers out to the rocks of our little ice-breaker; but we held on. Toward midnight, our six-inch line, the smallest of the three, parted, but the other two held bravely. Feeling what good service this island has done us, what a Godsend it was to reach her, and how gallantly81 her broken rocks have protected us from the rolling masses of ice that grind by her, we have agreed to remember this anchorage as ‘Godsend Ledge17.’
“The walrus are very numerous, approaching within twenty feet of us, shaking their grim wet fronts, and mowing82 with their tusks83 the sea-ripples.
“August 19.—The walrus gather around us in crowds. I have always heard that the close approach to land of these sphinx-faced monsters portends84 a storm.
Loss of the Cables
“August 20.—By Saturday morning it blew a perfect hurricane. We had seen it coming, and were ready with ? 25 ? three good hawsers out ahead, and all things snug86 on board.
“Still it came on heavier and heavier, and the ice began to drive more wildly than I thought I had ever seen it. I had just turned in to warm and dry myself during a momentary87 lull88, and was stretching myself out in my bunk89, when I heard the sharp twanging snap of a cord. Our six-inch hawser53 had parted, and we were swinging by the two others, the gale roaring like a lion to the southward.
“Half a minute more, and ‘twang, twang!’ came a second report. I knew it was the whale-line by the shrillness90 of the ring. Our ten-inch cable still held on. I was hurrying my last sock into its seal-skin boot, when M’Gary cane85 running down the companion-ladders:—‘Captain Kane, she won’t hold much longer; it’s blowing the devil himself, and I am afraid to surge.’
“The cable was proving its excellence91 when I reached the deck; and the crew, as they gathered round me, were loud in its praises. We could hear its deep ?olian chant swelling92 through all the rattle93 of the running-gear and moaning of the shrouds94. It was the death-song! The strands95 gave way with the noise of a shotted gun; and, in the smoke that followed their recoil96, we were dragged out by the wild ice at its mercy.
“We steadied and did some petty warping, and got the brig a good bed in the rushing drift; but it all came to nothing. There was now but one thing left for us—to keep in some sort the command of the helm, by going where we must otherwise be driven.
“At seven in the morning we were close upon the piling masses. We dropped our heaviest anchor with the desperate hope of winding97 the brig; but there was no withstanding the ice-torrent that followed us. We had ? 26 ? only time to fasten a spar as a buoy27 to the chain, and let her slip. So went our best bower98!
“Down we went upon the gale again, helplessly scraping along a lee of ice seldom less than thirty feet thick; one floe, measured by a line as we tried to fasten to it, more than forty. I had seen such ice only once before, but never in such rapid motion. One upturned mass rose above our gunwale, smashing in our bulwarks99, and depositing half a ton of ice in a lump upon our decks. Our staunch little brig bore herself through all this wild adventure as if she had a charmed life.
“But a new enemy came in sight ahead. Directly in our way, just beyond the line of floe-ice against which we were alternately sliding and thumping100, was a group of bergs. We had no power to avoid them; and the only question was, whether we were to be dashed in pieces against them, or whether they might not offer us some providential nook of refuge from the storm. But, as we neared them, we perceived that they were at some distance from the floe-edge, and separated from it by an interval101 of open water. Our hopes rose as the gale drove us toward this passage and into it; and we were ready to exult102, when, from some unexplained cause,—probably an eddy103 of the wind against the lofty ice-walls,—we lost our headway. Almost at the same moment we saw that the bergs were not at rest; that with a momentum104 of their own they were bearing down upon the other ice, and that it must be our fate to be crushed between the two.
“Just then a broad low water-washed berg came driving up from the southward. The thought flashed upon me of one of our escapes in Melville Bay; and as the sconce moved rapidly close alongside us, M’Gary managed to plant an anchor on its slope and hold on to it by a whale-line. ? 27 ? It was an anxious moment. Our noble tow-horse, whiter than the pale horse that seemed to be pursuing us, hauled us bravely on, the spray dashing over his windward flanks, and his forehead ploughing up the lesser105 ice as if in scorn. The bergs encroached upon us as we advanced; our channel narrowed to a width of perhaps forty feet; we braced106 the yards to clear the impending107 ice-walls.
“We passed clear; but it was a close shave,—so close that our port quarter-boat would have been crushed if we had not taken it in from the davits,—and found ourselves under the lee of a berg, in a comparatively open lead. Never did heart-tried men acknowledge with more gratitude108 their merciful deliverance from a wretched death.
“The day had already its full share of trials; but there were more to come. A flaw drove us from our shelter, and the gale soon carried us beyond the end of the lead. We were again in the ice, sometimes escaping its onset109 by warping, sometimes forced to rely on the strength and buoyancy of the brig to stand its pressure, sometimes scudding110 wildly through the half-open drift. Our jib-boom was snapped off; we carried away our barricade111 stanchions, and were forced to leave our little Eric,—as our life-boat was called,—with three brave fellows and their warps112, out upon the floes behind us.
The Escape
“A little pool of open water received us at last It was just beyond a lofty cape that rose up like a wall, and under an iceberg113 that anchored itself between us and the gale. And here, close under the frowning shore of Greenland, ten miles nearer the Pole than our holding-ground of the morning, the men have turned in to rest.
“I was afraid to join them, for the gale was unbroken, and the floes kept pressing heavily upon our berg,—at one time so heavily as to sway it on its vertical114 axis115 toward ? 28 ? the shore, and make its pinnacle116 overhang our vessel. My poor fellows had but a precarious117 sleep before our little harbour was broken up. They hardly reached the deck when we were driven astern, and our rudder splintered.
“Now began the nippings.[I] The first shock took us on our port-quarter, the brig bearing it well, and, after a moment of the old-fashioned suspense118, rising by jerks handsomely. The next was from a veteran floe, tongued and honeycombed, but floating in a single table over twenty feet in thickness. Of course, no wood or iron could stand this; but the shore-ward face of our iceberg happened to present an inclined plane, descending119 deep into the water; and up this the brig was driven, as if some great power was forcing her into a dry dock.
[I] Nip, the pressing in of ice round the vessel.
“At one time I expected to see her carried bodily up its face and tumbled over on her side. But one of those mysterious relaxations120, which I have elsewhere called the pulses of the ice, lowered us quite gradually down again into the rubbish, and we were forced out of the line of pressure toward the shore. Here we succeeded in carrying out a warp, and making fast. We grounded as the tide fell, and would have heeled over to seaward, but for a mass of detached land-ice that grounded alongside of us, and, although it stove our bulwarks as we rolled over it, shored us up.”
I could hardly get to my bunk, as I went down into our littered cabin on the Sunday morning after our hard-working vigil of thirty-six hours. Bags of clothing, food, tents, India-rubber blankets, and the hundred little personal matters which every man likes to save in a time of trouble, were scattered121 around in places where the owners thought they might have them at hand. The pemmican had been ? 29 ? on deck, the boats equipped, and everything of real importance ready for a march, many hours before.
Bravery of the Crew
During the whole of the scenes I have been trying to describe, I could not help being struck by the composed and manly122 demeanour of my comrades. The turmoil123 of ice under a heavy sea often conveys the impression of danger when the reality is absent; but in this fearful passage, the parting of our hawsers, the loss of our anchors, the abrupt124 crushing of our stoven bulwarks, and the actual deposit of ice upon our decks, would have tried the nerves of the most experienced ice-men. All—officers and men—worked alike. Upon each occasion of collision with the ice which formed our lee-coast, efforts were made to carry out lines; and some narrow escapes were incurred125 by the real of the parties leading them into positions of danger. Mr Bonsall avoided being crushed by leaping to a floating fragment; and no less than four of our men at one time were carried down by the drift, and could only be recovered by a relief party after the gale had subsided126.
It was not until the 22d that the storm abated127, and our absent men were once more gathered back into their mess. During the interval of forced inaction, the little brig was fast to the ice-belt which lined the bottom of the cliffs, and all hands rested; but as soon as it was over, we took advantage of the flood-tide to pass our tow-lines to the ice-beach, and, harnessing ourselves in like mules128 on a canal, made a good three miles by tracking along the coast.
“August 23.—We tracked along the ice-belt for about one mile, when the tide fell, and the brig grounded, heeling over until she reached her bearings. She rose again at 10 P.M. and the crew turned out upon the ice-belt.
“August 24.—We have kept at it, tracking along, grounding at low water, but working like horses when the ? 30 ? tides allowed us to move. We are now almost at the bottom of this indentation.
“We are sufficiently129 surrounded by ice to make our chances of escape next year uncertain, and yet not as far as I could wish for our spring journeys by the sledge16.
“August 26.—My officers and crew are staunch and firm men; but the depressing influences of want of rest, the rapid advance of winter, and, above all, our slow progress, make them sympathize but little with this continued effort to force a way to the north. One of them, an excellent member of the party, volunteered an expression of opinion this morning in favour of returning to the south and giving up the attempt to winter.”
It is unjust for a commander to measure his subordinates in such exigencies130 by his own standard. The interest which they feel in an undertaking131 is of a different nature from his own. With him there are always personal motives132, apart from official duty, to stimulate133 effort. He receives, if successful, too large a share of the credit, and he justly bears all the odium of failure.
An apprehension—I hope a charitable one—of this fact leads me to consider the opinions of my officers with much respect. I called them together at once in a formal council, and listened to their views in full. With but one exception, Mr Henry Brooks134, they were convinced that a further progress to the north was impossible, and were in favour of returning southward to winter.
Not being able conscientiously135 to take the same view, I explained to them the importance of securing a position which might expedite our sledge journeys in the future; and, after assuring them that such a position could only be attained136 by continuing our efforts, announced my intention of warping toward the northern headland of the bay. ? 31 ? “Once there, I shall be able to determine from actual inspection137 the best point for setting out on the operations of the spring; and at the nearest possible shelter to that point I will put the brig into winter harbour.” My comrades received this decision in a manner that was most gratifying, and entered zealously138 upon the hard and cheerless duty it involved.
More Warping
The warping began again, each man, myself included, taking his turn at the capstan. The ice seemed less heavy as we penetrated139 into the recess140 of the bay; our track-lines and shoulder-belts replaced the warps. Hot coffee was served out; and, in the midst of cheering songs, our little brig moved off briskly.
Our success, however, was not complete. At the very period of high-water she took the ground while close under the walls of the ice-foot. It would have been madness to attempt shoring her up. I could only fasten heavy tackle to the rocks which lined the base of the cliffs, and trust to the noble little craft’s unassisted strength.
“August 27.—We failed, in spite of our efforts, to get the brig off with last night’s tide; and, as our night-tides are generally the highest, I have some apprehensions141 as to her liberation.
“We have landed everything we could get upon the rocks, put out all our boats and filled them with portables alongside, sunk our rudder astern, and lowered our remaining heavy anchor into one of our quarter-boats. Heavy hawsers are out to a grounded lump of berg-ice, ready for instant heaving.
“Last night she heeled over again so abruptly142 that we were all tumbled out of our berths144. At the same time the cabin stove, with a full charge of glowing anthracite,[J] was ? 32 ? thrown down. The deck blazed smartly for a while; but, by sacrificing Mr Sontag’s heavy pilot-cloth coat to the public good, I choked it down till water could be passed from above to extinguish it. It was fortunate we had water near at hand, for the powder was not far off.
[J] Anthracite, a hard coal found in America, which burns without smoke.
“5 P.M.—She floats again, and our track-lines are manned. The men work with a will, and the brig moves along bravely.
“10 P.M.—Aground again; and the men, after a hot supper, have turned in to take a spell of sleep. The brig has a hard time of it with the rocks. She has been high and dry for each of the two last tides, and within three days has grounded no less than five times. I feel that this is hazardous145 navigation, but am convinced it is my duty to keep on. Except the loss of a portion of our false keel, we have sustained no real injury. The brig is still water-tight, and her broken rudder and one shattered spar can be easily repaired.
“August 28.—By a complication of purchases, jumpers, and shores, we started the brig at 4 A.M.; and Mr Ohlsen having temporarily secured the rudder, I determined to enter the floe, and trust to the calm of the morning for a chance of penetrating146 to the northern land-ice ahead.”
We had now a breathing spell, and I could find time to look out again upon the future. The broken and distorted area around us gave little promise of successful sledge-travel. But all this might change its aspect under the action of a single gale, and it was by no means certain that the ice-fields further north would have the same rugged147 and dispiriting character. Besides, the ice-belt was still before us, broken sometimes and difficult to traverse, but practicable for a party on foot, apparently148 for miles ahead; and I felt sure that a resolute149 boat’s crew might ? 33 ? push and track their way for some distance along it. I resolved to make the trial, and to judge what ought to be our wintering-ground from a personal inspection of the coast.
I had been quietly preparing for such an expedition for sometime. Our best and lightest whale-boat had been fitted with a canvas cover, that gave it all the comfort of a tent. We had a supply of pemmican ready packed in small cases, and a sledge taken to pieces was stowed away under the thwarts150. In the morning of the 29th, Brooks, M’Gary, and myself, walked fourteen miles along the marginal ice; it was heavy and complicated with drift, but there was nothing about it to make me change my purpose.
The Boat Crew
My boat-crew consisted of seven, all of them volunteers and reliable:—Brooks, Bonsall, M’Gary, Sontag, Riley, Blake, and Morton. We had buffalo-robes for our sleeping-gear, and a single extra day suit was put on board as common property. Each man carried his girdle full of woollen socks, so as to dry them by the warmth of his body, and a tin cup, with a sheath-knife, at the belt; a soup-pot and lamp for the mess completed our outfit151.
In less than three hours from my first order, the Forlorn Hope was ready for her work, covered with tin to prevent her being cut through by the bay-ice; and at half-past three in the afternoon she was freighted, launched, and on her way.
I placed Mr Ohlsen in command of the Advance, and Dr Hayes in charge of her log; Mr Ohlsen with orders to haul the brig to the southward and eastward152 into a safe berth143, and there to await my return.
Many a warm shake of the hand from the men we left on board showed me that our good-bye was not a mere153 formality. Three hearty154 cheers from all hands followed us,—a Godspeed as we pushed off.
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1
crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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derive
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| v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自 | |
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hue
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| n.色度；色调；样子 | |
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gorges
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| n.山峡，峡谷( gorge的名词复数 )；咽喉v.（用食物把自己）塞饱，填饱( gorge的第三人称单数 )；作呕 | |
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lodged
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| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
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tinted
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| adj. 带色彩的 动词tint的过去式和过去分词 | |
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justifying
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| 证明…有理( justify的现在分词 )； 为…辩护； 对…作出解释； 为…辩解（或辩护） | |
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poetical
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| adj.似诗人的；诗一般的；韵文的；富有诗意的 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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diffused
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| 散布的，普及的，扩散的 | |
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prevailing
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| adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的 | |
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conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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landmark
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| n.陆标，划时代的事，地界标 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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sledges
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| n.雪橇，雪车( sledge的名词复数 )v.乘雪橇( sledge的第三人称单数 )；用雪橇运载 | |
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sledge
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| n.雪橇，大锤；v.用雪橇搬运，坐雪橇往 | |
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ledge
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| n.壁架，架状突出物；岩架，岩礁 | |
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cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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19
swell
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| vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强 | |
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20
northward
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| adv.向北；n.北方的地区 | |
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21
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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22
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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23
ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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24
floe
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| n.大片浮冰 | |
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25
metallic
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| adj.金属的；金属制的；含金属的；产金属的；像金属的 | |
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26
rations
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| 定量( ration的名词复数 )； 配给量； 正常量； 合理的量 | |
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27
buoy
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| n.浮标；救生圈；v.支持，鼓励 | |
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28
dispense
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| vt.分配，分发；配(药)，发(药)；实施 | |
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29
inaccessible
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| adj.达不到的，难接近的 | |
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30
loomed
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| v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的过去式和过去分词 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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31
cargo
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| n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物 | |
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32
moss
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| n.苔，藓，地衣 | |
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33
desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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34
knoll
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| n.小山，小丘 | |
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35
cove
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| n.小海湾，小峡谷 | |
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36
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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37
vestige
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| n.痕迹，遗迹，残余 | |
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38
walrus
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| n.海象 | |
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39
staple
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|
| n.主要产物，常用品，主要要素，原料，订书钉，钩环；adj.主要的，重要的；vt.分类 | |
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40
reindeer
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| n.驯鹿 | |
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41
unicorn
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| n.(传说中的)独角兽 | |
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42
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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43
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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44
implements
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| n.工具( implement的名词复数 )；家具；手段；[法律]履行（契约等）v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 )；执行；贯彻；使生效 | |
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45
dome
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| n.圆屋顶，拱顶 | |
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46
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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47
beacon
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| n.烽火，（警告用的）闪火灯，灯塔 | |
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48
crevices
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| n.（尤指岩石的）裂缝，缺口( crevice的名词复数 ) | |
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49
flicker
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| vi./n.闪烁，摇曳，闪现 | |
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50
westward
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| n.西方，西部；adj.西方的，向西的；adv.向西 | |
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51
moored
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| adj. 系泊的 动词moor的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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52
vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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53
hawser
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| n.大缆；大索 | |
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54
hawsers
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| n.（供系船或下锚用的）缆索，锚链( hawser的名词复数 ) | |
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55
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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56
miseries
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| n.痛苦( misery的名词复数 )；痛苦的事；穷困；常发牢骚的人 | |
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57
cormorants
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| 鸬鹚，贪婪的人( cormorant的名词复数 ) | |
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58
disdain
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| n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑 | |
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59
teeming
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|
| adj.丰富的v.充满( teem的现在分词 )；到处都是；（指水、雨等）暴降；倾注 | |
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60
reverberated
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|
| 回响，回荡( reverberate的过去式和过去分词 )； 使反响，使回荡，使反射 | |
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61
cork
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| n.软木，软木塞 | |
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62
wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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63
relaxation
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| n.松弛，放松；休息；消遣；娱乐 | |
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64
warping
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| n.翘面，扭曲，变形v.弄弯，变歪( warp的现在分词 )；使（行为等）不合情理，使乖戾， | |
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65
warp
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| vt.弄歪，使翘曲，使不正常，歪曲，使有偏见 | |
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66
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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67
tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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68
forsake
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| vt.遗弃，抛弃；舍弃，放弃 | |
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69
tussle
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| n.&v.扭打，搏斗，争辩 | |
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70
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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71
attain
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| vt.达到，获得，完成 | |
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72
gale
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| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
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73
steadily
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| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
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74
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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75
mosses
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|
| n. 藓类, 苔藓植物 名词moss的复数形式 | |
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76
specimen
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| n.样本，标本 | |
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77
yelping
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|
| v.发出短而尖的叫声( yelp的现在分词 ) | |
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78
scramble
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| v.爬行，攀爬，杂乱蔓延，碎片，片段，废料 | |
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79
gulp
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|
| vt.吞咽，大口地吸（气）；vi.哽住；n.吞咽 | |
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80
brutes
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| 兽( brute的名词复数 )； 畜生； 残酷无情的人； 兽性 | |
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81
gallantly
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|
| adv. 漂亮地，勇敢地，献殷勤地 | |
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82
mowing
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| n.割草，一次收割量，牧草地v.刈，割( mow的现在分词 ) | |
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83
tusks
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|
| n.（象等动物的）长牙( tusk的名词复数 )；獠牙；尖形物；尖头 | |
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84
portends
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|
| v.预示( portend的第三人称单数 )；预兆；给…以警告；预告 | |
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85
cane
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|
| n.手杖，细长的茎，藤条；v.以杖击，以藤编制的 | |
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86
snug
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| adj.温暖舒适的，合身的，安全的；v.使整洁干净，舒适地依靠，紧贴；n.（英）酒吧里的私房 | |
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87
momentary
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|
| adj.片刻的，瞬息的；短暂的 | |
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88
lull
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| v.使安静，使入睡，缓和，哄骗；n.暂停，间歇 | |
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89
bunk
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| n.(车、船等倚壁而设的)铺位；废话 | |
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90
shrillness
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| 尖锐刺耳 | |
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91
excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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92
swelling
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| n.肿胀 | |
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93
rattle
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|
| v.飞奔，碰响；激怒；n.碰撞声；拨浪鼓 | |
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94
shrouds
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|
| n.裹尸布( shroud的名词复数 )；寿衣；遮蔽物；覆盖物v.隐瞒( shroud的第三人称单数 )；保密 | |
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95
strands
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|
| n.（线、绳、金属线、毛发等的）股( strand的名词复数 )；缕；海洋、湖或河的)岸；（观点、计划、故事等的）部份v.使滞留，使搁浅( strand的第三人称单数 ) | |
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96
recoil
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|
| vi.退却，退缩，畏缩 | |
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97
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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98
bower
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| n.凉亭，树荫下凉快之处；闺房；v.荫蔽 | |
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99
bulwarks
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| n.堡垒( bulwark的名词复数 )；保障；支柱；舷墙 | |
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100
thumping
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|
| adj.重大的，巨大的；重击的；尺码大的；极好的adv.极端地；非常地v.重击(thump的现在分词)；狠打；怦怦地跳；全力支持 | |
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101
interval
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|
| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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102
exult
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| v.狂喜，欢腾；欢欣鼓舞 | |
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103
eddy
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| n.漩涡，涡流 | |
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104
momentum
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| n.动力，冲力，势头；动量 | |
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105
lesser
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|
| adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地 | |
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106
braced
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|
| adj.拉牢的v.支住( brace的过去式和过去分词 )；撑牢；使自己站稳；振作起来 | |
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107
impending
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| a.imminent, about to come or happen | |
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108
gratitude
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|
| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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109
onset
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| n.进攻，袭击，开始，突然开始 | |
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110
scudding
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| n.刮面v.（尤指船、舰或云彩）笔直、高速而平稳地移动( scud的现在分词 ) | |
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111
barricade
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| n.路障，栅栏，障碍；vt.设路障挡住 | |
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112
warps
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| n.弯曲( warp的名词复数 )；歪斜；经线；经纱v.弄弯，变歪( warp的第三人称单数 )；使（行为等）不合情理，使乖戾， | |
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113
iceberg
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| n.冰山，流冰，冷冰冰的人 | |
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114
vertical
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| adj.垂直的，顶点的，纵向的；n.垂直物，垂直的位置 | |
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115
axis
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| n.轴，轴线，中心线；坐标轴，基准线 | |
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116
pinnacle
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| n.尖塔，尖顶，山峰；(喻)顶峰 | |
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117
precarious
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| adj.不安定的，靠不住的；根据不足的 | |
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118
suspense
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| n.（对可能发生的事）紧张感，担心，挂虑 | |
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119
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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120
relaxations
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| n.消遣( relaxation的名词复数 )；松懈；松弛；放松 | |
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121
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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122
manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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123
turmoil
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| n.骚乱，混乱，动乱 | |
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124
abrupt
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| adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的 | |
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125
incurred
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| [医]招致的，遭受的； incur的过去式 | |
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126
subsided
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| v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的过去式和过去分词 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上 | |
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127
abated
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| 减少( abate的过去式和过去分词 )； 减去； 降价； 撤消（诉讼） | |
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128
mules
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| 骡( mule的名词复数 )； 拖鞋； 顽固的人； 越境运毒者 | |
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129
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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130
exigencies
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| n.急切需要 | |
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131
undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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132
motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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133
stimulate
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| vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋 | |
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134
brooks
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| n.小溪( brook的名词复数 ) | |
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135
conscientiously
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| adv.凭良心地；认真地，负责尽职地；老老实实 | |
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136
attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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137
inspection
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| n.检查，审查，检阅 | |
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138
zealously
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| adv.热心地；热情地；积极地；狂热地 | |
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139
penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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140
recess
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| n.短期休息，壁凹（墙上装架子，柜子等凹处） | |
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141
apprehensions
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| 疑惧 | |
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142
abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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143
berth
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| n.卧铺，停泊地，锚位；v.使停泊 | |
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144
berths
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| n.（船、列车等的）卧铺( berth的名词复数 )；（船舶的）停泊位或锚位；差事；船台vt.v.停泊( berth的第三人称单数 )；占铺位 | |
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145
hazardous
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| adj.(有)危险的，冒险的；碰运气的 | |
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146
penetrating
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| adj.（声音）响亮的，尖锐的adj.（气味）刺激的adj.（思想）敏锐的，有洞察力的 | |
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147
rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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148
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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149
resolute
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| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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150
thwarts
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| 阻挠( thwart的第三人称单数 )； 使受挫折； 挫败； 横过 | |
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151
outfit
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| n.（为特殊用途的）全套装备，全套服装 | |
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152
eastward
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| adv.向东；adj.向东的；n.东方，东部 | |
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153
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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154
hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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