I find that my journal is exceedingly meagre for the period of our anxious preparations to meet the winter, and ? 139 ? that I have omitted to mention the course of circumstances which led us step by step into familiar communication with the Esquimaux.
My last notice of this strange people, whose fortunes became afterward2 so closely connected with our own, was at the time of Myouk’s escape from imprisonment3 on board the brig. Although, during my absence on the attempted visit to Beechy Island, the men I had left behind had frequent and unrestrained intercourse4 with them, I myself saw no natives in Rensselaer Bay till immediately after the departure of Petersen and his companions. Just then, by a coincidence which convinced me how closely we had been under surveillance, a party of three made their appearance, as if to note for themselves our condition and resources.
Esquimaux Visitors
When the three visitors came to us near the end of August, I established them in a tent below deck, with a copper5 lamp, a cooking-basin, and a liberal supply of slush for fuel. I left them under guard when I went to bed at two in the morning, contentedly6 eating and cooking and eating again, without the promise of an intermission. They repaid my liberality by stealing not only buffalo-robes, the lamp, boiler7, and cooking-pot they had used for the feast, but Nannook also, my best dog. If the rest of my team had not been worn down by over-travel, no doubt they would have taken them all.
The theft of these articles embarrassed me. I was indisposed to take it as an act of hostility8. Their pilferings before this had been conducted with such a superb simplicity9, the detection followed by such honest explosions of laughter, that I could not help thinking they had some law of general appropriation10, less removed from the Lycurgan than the Mosaic11 code. But it was plain, at least, that ? 140 ? we were now too few to watch our property as we had done, and that our gentleness was to some extent misunderstood.
I was puzzled how to inflict12 punishment, but saw that I must act vigorously, even at a venture. I despatched my two best walkers, Morton and Riley, as soon as I heard of the theft of the stores, with orders to make all speed to Anoatok, and overtake the thieves, who, I thought, would probably halt there to rest. They found young Myouk making himself quite comfortable in the hut, in company with Sievu, the wife of Metek, and Aningnah, the wife of Marsumah, and the buffalo-robes already tailored into kapetahs on their backs.
A continued search of the premises13 recovered the cooking-utensils, and a number of other things of greater or less value that we had not missed from the brig. With the prompt ceremonial which outraged14 law delights in among the officials of the police everywhere, the women were stripped and tied; and then, laden15 with their stolen goods and as much walrus16-beef besides from their own stores as would pay for their board, they were marched on the instant buck17 to the brig.
The thirty miles was a hard walk for them; but they did not complain, nor did their constabulary guardians18, who had marched thirty miles already to apprehend19 them. It was hardly twenty-four hours since they left the brig with their booty before they were prisoners in the hold, with a dreadful white man for keeper, who never addressed to them a word that had not all the terrors of an unintelligible20 reproof21, and whose scowl22, I flatter myself, exhibited a well-arranged variety of menacing and demoniacal expressions.
They had not even the companionship of Myouk. Him ? 141 ? I had despatched to Metek, “head-man of Etah, and others,” with the message of a melo-dramatic tyrant23, to negotiate for their ransom24. For five long days the women had to sigh and sing and cry in solitary25 converse,—their appetite continuing excellent, it should be remarked, though mourning the while a rightfully-impending doom26. At last the great Metek arrived. He brought with him Ootuniah, another man of elevated social position, and quite a sledge27-load of knives, tin cups, and other stolen goods, refuse of wood and scraps28 of iron, the sinful prizes of many covetings.
Peace-Offerings
I may pass over our peace conferences and the indirect advantages which I, of course, derived29 from having the opposing powers represented in my own capital. But the splendours of our Arctic centre of civilisation30, with its wonders of art and science,—our “fire-death” ordnance31 included,—could not all of them impress Metek so much as the intimations he had received of our superior physical endowments. Nomads32 as they are, these people know better than all the world besides what endurance and energy it requires to brave the moving ice and snow-drifts. Metek thought, no doubt, that our strength was gone with the withdrawing party; but the fact that, within ten hours after the loss of our buffalo-skins, we had marched to their hut, seized three of the culprits, and marched them back to the brig as prisoners,—such a sixty miles’ achievement as this they thoroughly33 understood. It confirmed them in the faith that the whites are, and of right ought to be, everywhere the dominant34 tribe.
The protocol35 was arranged without difficulty, though not without the accustomed number of adjournments for festivity and repose36. It abounded37 in protestations of power, fearlessness, and good will by each of the contracting ? 142 ? parties, which meant as much as such protestations usually do on both sides the Arctic circle. I could give a summary of it without invading the privacy of a diplomatic bureau, for I have notes of it that were taken by a subordinate; but I prefer passing at once to the reciprocal engagements in which it resulted.
On the part of the Esquimaux, they were after this fashion:—
“We promise that we will not steal. We promise we will bring you fresh meat. We promise we will sell or lend you dogs. We will keep you company whenever you want us, and show you where to find the game.”
On the part of the white men, the stipulation39 was of this ample equivalent:—
“We promise that we will not visit you with death or sorcery, nor do you any hurt or mischief40 whatsoever41. We will shoot for you on our hunts. You shall be made welcome aboard ship. We will give you presents of needles, pins, two kinds of knife, a hoop42, three bits of hard wood, some fat, an awl43, and some sewing-thread; and we will trade with you of these and everything else you want, for walrus and seal-meat of the first quality.”
This treaty—which, though I have spoken of it jocosely44, was really an affair of much interest to us—was ratified45, with Hans and Morton as my accredited46 representatives, by a full assembly of the people at Etah. All our future intercourse was conducted under it. It was not solemnised by an oath, but it was never broken. We went to and fro between the villages and the brig, paid our visits of courtesy and necessity on both sides, met each other in hunting-parties on the floe47 and the ice-foot, organized a general community of interests, and really, I believe, established some personal attachments48 deserving of the ? 143 ? name. As long as we remained prisoners of the ice, we were indebted to them for invaluable49 counsel in relation to our hunting expeditions; and in the joint50 hunt we shared alike, according to their own laws. Our dogs were in one sense common property; and often have they robbed themselves to offer supplies of food to our starving teams. They gave us supplies of meat at critical periods; we were able to do as much for them. They learned to look on us only as benefactors51; and, I know, mourned our departure bitterly.
Celebration of the Treaty
“September 17.—Writing by this miserable52 flicker53 of my pork-fat lamp, I can hardly steady pen, paper, or thought. All hands have rested after a heavy week’s work, which has advanced us nobly in our arrangements for the winter. The season is by our tables at least three weeks earlier than the last, and everything indicates a severe ordeal54 ahead of us.
“Just as we were finishing our chapter this morning in the ‘Book of Ruth,’ M’Gary and Morton, who had been to Anoatok, came in triumphantly55, pretty well worn down by their fifty miles’ travel, but with good news, and a flipper56 of walrus that must weigh some forty pounds. Ohlsen and Hans are in too. They arrived as we were sitting down to celebrate the Anoatok ratification57 of our treaty of the 6th.
“It is a strange life we are leading. We are absolutely nomads, so far as there can be anything of pastoral life in this region; and our wild encounter with the elements seems to agree with us all. Our table-talk at supper was as merry as a marriage bell. One party was just in from a seventy-four miles’ trip with the dogs; another from a journey of a hundred and sixty, with five nights on the floe. Each had his story to tell.
? 144 ?
“September 20.—The natives are really acting38 up to contract. They are on board to-day, and I have been off with a party of them on a hunt inland. We had no great luck; the weather was against us, and there are signs of a gale58.”
My next extracts show the progress of our winter arrangements.
“September 30.—We have been clearing up on the ice.
“Thanks to our allies the Esquimaux, our beef-house is now a pile of barrels holding our water-soaked beef and pork. Flour, beans, and dried apples make a quadrangular blockhouse on the floe; from one corner of it rises our flagstaff, lighting59 up the dusky grey with its red and white ensign, only on Sunday giving place to the Henry Grinnell flag, of happy memories.
“From this, along an avenue that opens abeam60 of the brig,—New London Avenue, named after M’Gary’s town at home,—are our boats and square cordage. Outside of all these is a magnificent hut of barrel-frames and snow, to accommodate our Esquimaux visitors—the only thing about it exposed to hazard being the tempting61 woodwork. What remains62 to complete our camp-plot is the rope barrier that is to mark out our little curtilage around the vessel63; this, when finished, is to be the dividing-line between us and the rest of mankind.
“There is something in the simplicity of all this simplex munditiis, which might commend itself to the most rigorous taste. Nothing is wasted on ornament64.
“October 4.—I sent Hans and Hickey two days ago out to the hunting-ice, to see if the natives have had any luck with the walrus. They are back to-night with bad news,—no meat, no Esquimaux. These strange children of the snow have made a mysterious flitting—where or how it is hard to guess, for they have no sledges65. They cannot have ? 145 ? travelled very far; and yet they have such unquiet impulses, that, once on the track, no civilised man can say where they will bring up.
“Ohlsen had just completed a sledge, fashioned like the Smith Sound kommetik, with an improved curvature of the runners. It weighs only twenty-four pounds, and, though I think it too short for light draught66, it is just the article our Etah neighbours would delight in for their land-portages. I intended it for them, as a great price for a great stock of walrus-meat; but the other parties to the bargain have flown.
Search for Food
“October 5.—We are nearly out of fresh meat again, one rabbit and three ducks being our sum total. We have been on short allowance for several days. What vegetables we have—the dried apples and peaches, and pickled cabbage—have lost much of their anti-scorbutic virtue67 by constant use. Our spices are all gone. Except four small bottles of horse-radish, our carte is comprised in three lines—bread, beef, pork.
“I must be off after these Esquimaux. They certainly have meat, and wherever they have gone we can follow. Once upon their trail, our hungry instincts will not risk being baffled. I will stay only long enough to complete my latest root-beer brewage. Its basis is the big crawling willow68, the miniature giant of our Arctic forests, of which we laid in a stock some weeks ago. It is quite pleasantly bitter, and I hope to get it fermenting69 in the deck-house without extra fuel, by heat from below.
A Bear Encounter
“October 7.—Lively sensation, as they say in the land of olives and champagne70. ‘Nannook, nannook!’—‘A bear, a bear!’—Hans and Morton in a breath!
“To the scandal of our domestic regulations, the guns were all impracticable. While the men were loading and ? 146 ? capping anew, I seized my pillow-companion six-shooter, and ran on deck. A medium-sized bear, with a four months’ cub71, was in active warfare72 with our dogs. They were hanging on her skirts, and she with wonderful alertness was picking out one victim after another, snatching him by the nape of the neck, and flinging him many feet, or rather yards, by a barely perceptible movement of her head.
“I lodged73 a pistol-ball in the side of the cub. Ohlsen wounded the mother as she went, but she scarcely noticed it. She tore down, by single efforts of her forearms, the barrels of frozen beef which made the triple walls of the storehouse, mounted the rubbish, and snatching up a half barrel of herrings, carried it down by her teeth, and was making off. It was time to close, I thought. Going up within half-pistol range, I gave her six buckshot. She dropped, but instantly rose, and, getting her cub into its former position, moved off once more.
“This time she would really have escaped but for the admirable tactics of our new recruits from the Esquimaux. The dogs of Smith’s Sound are educated more thoroughly than any of their southern brethren. Next to the walrus, the bear is the staple74 of diet to the north, and except the fox, supplies the most important element of the wardrobe. Unlike the dogs we had brought with us from Baffin’s Bay, these were trained, not to attack, but to embarrass. They ran in circles round the bear, and when pursued would keep ahead with regulated gait, their comrades effecting a diversion at the critical moment by a nip at her hind-quarters. This was done so systematically75, and with so little seeming excitement, as to strike every one on board. I have seen bear-dogs elsewhere that had been drilled to relieve each other in the melée and avoid the direct assault but here, two dogs without even a demonstration76 of attack, ? 147 ? would put themselves before the path of the animal, and retreating right and left, lead him into a profitless pursuit that checked his advance completely.
“The poor animal was still backing out, yet still fighting, carrying along her wounded cub, embarrassed by the dogs, yet gaining distance from the brig, when Hans and myself threw in the odds77 in the shape of a couple of rifle-balls. She staggered in front of her young one, faced us in death like defiance78, and only sank when pierced by six more bullets.
“The little cub sprang upon the corpse79 of her mother, and raised a woeful lamentation80 over her wounds. She repelled81 my efforts to noose82 her with great ferocity; but at last, completely muzzled83 with a line fastened by a running knot between her jaws84 and the back of her head, she moved off to the brig amid the clamour of the dogs. We have her now chained alongside, but snarling85 and snapping constantly, evidently suffering from her wound.
“October 8.—When I was out in the Advance, with Captain de Haven86, I satisfied myself that it was a vulgar prejudice to regard the liver of the bear as poisonous. I ate of it freely myself, and succeeded in making it a favourite dish with the mess. But I find to my cost that it may sometimes be more savoury than safe. The cub’s liver was my supper last night, and to-day I have the symptoms of poison in full measure—vertigo, diarrh?a, and their concomitants.
“October 10.—If I was asked what, after darkness and cold and scurvy87, are the three besetting88 curses of our Arctic sojourn89, I should say, Rats, Rats, Rats. A mother-rat bit my finger to the bone last Friday, as I was intruding90 my hand into a bear-skin mitten91 which she had chosen as a homestead for her little family. I withdrew it ? 148 ? of course with instinctive92 courtesy; but among them they carried off the mitten before I could suck the finger.
“Last week I sent down Rhina, the most intelligent dog of our whole pack, to bivouac in their citadel93 forward; I thought she might at least be able to defend herself against them, for she had distinguished94 herself in the bear-hunt. She slept very well for a couple of hours on a bed she had chosen for herself on the top of some iron spikes95. But the rats could not or would not forego the horny skin about her paws; and they gnawed96 her feet and nails so ferociously97, that we drew her up yelping98 and vanquished99.
“October 13.—The Esquimaux have not been near us, and it is a puzzle of some interest where they have retreated to. Wherever they are, there must be our hunting-grounds, for they certainly have not changed their quarters to a more destitute100 region. I have sent Morton and Hans to-day to track them out if they can. They carry a hand-sledge with them, Ohlsen’s last manufacture, ride with the dog-sledge as far as Anoatok, and leave the old dogs of our team there. From that point they are to try a device of my own. We have a couple of dogs that we got from these same Esquimaux, who are at least as instinctive as their former masters. One of these they are to let run, holding the other by a long leash101. I feel confident that the free dog will find the camping-ground, and I think it probable the other will follow. I thought of tying the two together; but it would embarrass their movements, and give them something to occupy their minds, besides the leading object of their mission.
Intense Cold
“October 14.—Wilson and Hickey reported last night a wolf at the meat-house. Now, the meat-house is a thing of too much worth to be left to casualty, and a wolf might incidentally add some freshness of flavour to its contents. ? 149 ? So I went out in all haste with the Marston rifle, but without my mittens102, and with only a single cartridge103. The metal burnt my hands, as metal is apt to do at 50° below the point of freezing; but I got a somewhat rapid shot. I hit one of our dogs, a truant104 from Morton’s team; luckily a flesh wound only, for he is too good a beast to lose. I could have sworn he was a wolf.
“October 19.—Our black dog Erebus has come back to the brig. Morton has perhaps released him, but he has more probably broken loose.
“October 21.—Hard at it still, slinging105 chains and planting shores. The thermometer is too near zero for work like this. We swaddle our feet in old cloth, and guard our hands with fur mits; but the cold iron bites through them all.
“6.30 P.M.—Morton and Hans are in, after tracking the Esquimaux to the lower settlement of Etah. I cannot give their report to-night: the poor fellows are completely knocked up by the hardships of their march. Hans, who is always careless of powder and fire arms,—a trait which I have observed among both the American and the Oriental savages,—exploded his powder-flask while attempting to kindle106 a tinder fire. The explosion has risked his hand. I have dressed it, extracting several pieces of foreign matter, and poulticing it in yeast107 and charcoal108. Morton has frost-bitten both his heels; I hope not too severely109, for the indurated skin of the heel makes it a bad region for suppuration. But they bring us two hundred and seventy pounds of walrus-meat, and a couple of foxes. This supply, with what we have remaining of our two bears, must last us till the return of daylight allows us to join the natives in their hunts.
“The light is fast leaving us. The sun has ceased to ? 150 ? reach the vessel. The north-eastern headlands, or their southern faces up the fiords, have still a warm yellow tint110, and the pinnacles111 of the icebergs112 far out on the floes are lighted up at noonday; but all else is dark shadow.”
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1
negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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copper
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| n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的 | |
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contentedly
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| adv.心满意足地 | |
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boiler
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| n.锅炉；煮器(壶，锅等) | |
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hostility
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| n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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appropriation
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| n.拨款，批准支出 | |
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mosaic
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| n./adj.镶嵌细工的，镶嵌工艺品的，嵌花式的 | |
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inflict
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| vt.(on)把…强加给，使遭受，使承担 | |
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premises
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| n.建筑物，房屋 | |
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outraged
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| a.震惊的，义愤填膺的 | |
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laden
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| adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的 | |
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walrus
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| n.海象 | |
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buck
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| n.雄鹿，雄兔；v.马离地跳跃 | |
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guardians
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| 监护人( guardian的名词复数 )； 保护者，维护者 | |
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apprehend
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| vt.理解，领悟，逮捕，拘捕，忧虑 | |
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unintelligible
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| adj.无法了解的，难解的，莫明其妙的 | |
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reproof
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| n.斥责，责备 | |
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scowl
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| vi.(at)生气地皱眉，沉下脸，怒视；n.怒容 | |
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tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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ransom
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| n.赎金，赎身；v.赎回，解救 | |
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solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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sledge
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| n.雪橇，大锤；v.用雪橇搬运，坐雪橇往 | |
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scraps
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| 油渣 | |
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derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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civilisation
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| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
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ordnance
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| n.大炮，军械 | |
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nomads
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| n.游牧部落的一员( nomad的名词复数 )；流浪者；游牧生活；流浪生活 | |
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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dominant
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| adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因 | |
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protocol
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| n.议定书，草约，会谈记录，外交礼节 | |
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repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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abounded
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| v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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stipulation
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| n.契约，规定，条文；条款说明 | |
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40
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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41
whatsoever
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| adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么 | |
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42
hoop
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| n.（篮球）篮圈，篮 | |
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awl
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| n.尖钻 | |
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jocosely
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| adv.说玩笑地，诙谐地 | |
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45
ratified
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| v.批准，签认（合约等）( ratify的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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accredited
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| adj.可接受的；可信任的；公认的；质量合格的v.相信( accredit的过去式和过去分词 )；委托；委任；把…归结于 | |
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47
floe
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| n.大片浮冰 | |
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48
attachments
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| n.（用电子邮件发送的）附件( attachment的名词复数 )；附着；连接；附属物 | |
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49
invaluable
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| adj.无价的，非常宝贵的，极为贵重的 | |
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50
joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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51
benefactors
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| n.捐助者，施主( benefactor的名词复数 )；恩人 | |
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52
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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53
flicker
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| vi./n.闪烁，摇曳，闪现 | |
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54
ordeal
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| n.苦难经历，（尤指对品格、耐力的）严峻考验 | |
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triumphantly
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| ad.得意洋洋地；得胜地；成功地 | |
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56
flipper
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| n. 鳍状肢，潜水用橡皮制鳍状肢 | |
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ratification
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| n.批准，认可 | |
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58
gale
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| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
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59
lighting
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| n.照明，光线的明暗，舞台灯光 | |
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abeam
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| adj.正横着(的) | |
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61
tempting
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| a.诱人的, 吸引人的 | |
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62
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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sledges
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| n.雪橇，雪车( sledge的名词复数 )v.乘雪橇( sledge的第三人称单数 )；用雪橇运载 | |
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draught
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| n.拉，牵引，拖；一网（饮，吸，阵)；顿服药量，通风；v.起草，设计 | |
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67
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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willow
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| n.柳树 | |
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fermenting
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| v.（使）发酵( ferment的现在分词 )；（使）激动；骚动；骚扰 | |
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champagne
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| n.香槟酒；微黄色 | |
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71
cub
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| n.幼兽，年轻无经验的人 | |
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72
warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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73
lodged
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| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
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staple
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| n.主要产物，常用品，主要要素，原料，订书钉，钩环；adj.主要的，重要的；vt.分类 | |
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systematically
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| adv.有系统地 | |
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demonstration
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| n.表明，示范，论证，示威 | |
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odds
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| n.让步，机率，可能性，比率；胜败优劣之别 | |
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defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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lamentation
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| n.悲叹，哀悼 | |
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81
repelled
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| v.击退( repel的过去式和过去分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开 | |
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noose
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| n.绳套，绞索（刑）；v.用套索捉；使落入圈套；处以绞刑 | |
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83
muzzled
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| 给（狗等）戴口套( muzzle的过去式和过去分词 )； 使缄默，钳制…言论 | |
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jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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snarling
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| v.（指狗）吠，嗥叫， （人）咆哮( snarl的现在分词 )；咆哮着说，厉声地说 | |
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haven
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| n.安全的地方，避难所，庇护所 | |
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scurvy
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| adj.下流的，卑鄙的，无礼的；n.坏血病 | |
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besetting
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| adj.不断攻击的v.困扰( beset的现在分词 )；不断围攻；镶；嵌 | |
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sojourn
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| v./n.旅居，寄居；逗留 | |
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intruding
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| v.侵入，侵扰，打扰( intrude的现在分词)；把…强加于 | |
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91
mitten
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| n.连指手套，露指手套 | |
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instinctive
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| adj.(出于)本能的；直觉的；(出于)天性的 | |
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93
citadel
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| n.城堡；堡垒；避难所 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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95
spikes
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| n.穗( spike的名词复数 )；跑鞋；（防滑）鞋钉；尖状物v.加烈酒于( spike的第三人称单数 )；偷偷地给某人的饮料加入（更多）酒精（ 或药物）；把尖状物钉入；打乱某人的计划 | |
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gnawed
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| 咬( gnaw的过去式和过去分词 )； （长时间） 折磨某人； （使）苦恼； （长时间）危害某事物 | |
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97
ferociously
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| 野蛮地，残忍地 | |
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98
yelping
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| v.发出短而尖的叫声( yelp的现在分词 ) | |
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99
vanquished
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| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制 | |
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100
destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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101
leash
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| n.牵狗的皮带，束缚；v.用皮带系住 | |
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102
mittens
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| 不分指手套 | |
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103
cartridge
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| n.弹壳，弹药筒；(装磁带等的)盒子 | |
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104
truant
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| n.懒惰鬼，旷课者；adj.偷懒的，旷课的，游荡的；v.偷懒，旷课 | |
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105
slinging
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| 抛( sling的现在分词 )； 吊挂； 遣送； 押往 | |
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106
kindle
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| v.点燃，着火 | |
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107
yeast
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| n.酵母；酵母片；泡沫；v.发酵；起泡沫 | |
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108
charcoal
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| n.炭，木炭，生物炭 | |
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109
severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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110
tint
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| n.淡色，浅色；染发剂；vt.着以淡淡的颜色 | |
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111
pinnacles
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| 顶峰( pinnacle的名词复数 )； 顶点； 尖顶； 小尖塔 | |
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112
icebergs
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| n.冰山，流冰( iceberg的名词复数 ) | |
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