“October 26.—The thermometer at 34° below zero, but fortunately no wind blowing. We go on with the outdoor work. We burn but seventy pounds of fuel a day, most of it in the galley—the fire being allowed to go out between meals. We go without fire altogether for four hours of the night; yet such is the excellence1 of our moss2-walls and the air-proof of our tossut, that, when our housing is arranged, and the main hatch secured with a proper weather-tight screen of canvas, we shall be able, I hope, to meet the extreme cold of February and March without fear.
“Darkness is the worst enemy we have to face; but we will strive against the scurvy3 in spite of him, till the light days of sun and vegetation.
“Wilson and Brooks4 are my principal subjects of anxiety; for although Morton and Hans are on their backs, making four of our ten, I can see strength of system in their cheerfulness of heart. The best prophylactic5 is a hopeful, sanguine6 temperament7; the best cure, moral resistance—that spirit of combat against every trial, which is alone true bravery.
Fuel for the Winter
“October 27.—The work is going on; we are ripping off the extra planking of our deck for fuel during the winter. The cold increases fast, and in spite of all my efforts we will have to burn largely into the brig. I prepared for this two months ago, and satisfied myself, after a consultation8 with the carpenter, that we may cut ? 158 ? away some seven or eight tons of fuel without absolutely destroying her sea-worthiness.”
My narrative9 has now reached a period at which everything like progress was suspended. The increasing cold and brightening stars,—the labours, anxieties, and sickness that pressed upon us,—these almost engross10 the pages of my journal. Now and then I find some marvel11 such as Petersen’s about the fox’s dexterity12 as a hunter; Hans tells me of domestic life in South Greenland, or of a seal-hunt and a wrecked13 kayack; or perhaps M’Gary repeats his thrice-told tale of humour; but the night has closed down upon us, and we are hibernating14 through it.
Yet some of these are topics of interest. The intense beauty of the Arctic firmament15 can hardly be imagined. It looks close above our heads, with its stars magnified in glory, and the very planets twinkling so much as to baffle the observations of our astronomer16. I am afraid to speak of some of these night-scenes. I have trodden the deck and the floes, when the life of earth seemed suspended,—its movements, its sounds, its colouring, its companionships; and as I looked on the radiant hemisphere, circling above me as if rendering17 worship to the unseen centre of light, I have ejaculated in humility18 of spirit, “Lord, what is man that Thou art mindful of him?” And then I have thought of the kindly19 world we had left, with its revolving20 sunshine and shadow, and the other stars that gladden it in their changes, and the hearts that warmed to us there, till I lost myself in memories of those who are not—and they bore me back to the stars again.
The narration21 of one day’s hopes and fears, troubles, privations, and trials,—I am sorry I cannot add triumphs,—so ? 159 ? much resembles that of the next, that I feel it would be but tiring the patience of the reader were I to detail, with the same degree of minuteness which I have hitherto done, the daily progress of our little party, and the great cause in which we are engaged.
Despondency
The winter is now upon us, and little or nothing can be done either to effect the liberation of the brig from her icy fetters22, or to further our explorations.
On board the brig the mode of life is the same as last winter, except that we are subject to greater privations, consequent on the great demands which have been made upon the stores. We have little to amuse ourselves, and we go through the monotonous23 round of the day’s duties with as much celerity and ready will, as our drooping24 circumstances will admit of.
I cannot hide from myself the fact that the main object of our expedition must now be finally abandoned; and our duty, in the next instance, is toward ourselves: to wait the return of light in order to accomplish our escape from the ice,—with the brig if possible, if impossible, without it,—before the frail25 appliances and stores which are now left are entirely26 exhausted27. Of course, it would be both impolitic and unwise to apprise28 the crew of my thoughts on this painful subject, so I will keep my own counsel in the meantime. I can see, however, that I am not alone in my convictions.
During November, I observed a few of my best men getting nervous and depressed—M’Gary paced the deck all one Sunday in a fit of home-sickness, without eating a meal—I do my best to cheer them; but it is hard work to hide one’s own trials for the sake of others who have not as many. I am glad of my professional drill and its companion influence over the sick and toil29 worn. I could ? 160 ? not get along at all unless I combined the offices of physician and commander. You cannot punish sick men.
December saw the brig fitted up for the winter; and, all things considered, very comfortably we made it. Tom Hickey, our good-humoured, blundering cabin-boy, decorated since poor Schubert’s death with the dignities of cook, is in that little dirty cot on the starboard-side; the rest are bedded in rows, Mr Brooks and myself choke aft. Our bunks30 are close against the frozen moss-wall, where we can take in the entire family at a glance. The apartment measures twenty feet by eighteen; its height six feet four inches at one place, but diversified31 elsewhere by beams crossing at different distances from the floor. The avenue by which it is approached is barely to be seen in the moss-wall forward. The avenue—Ben-Djerback is our poetic32 name for it—closes on the inside with a door well patched with flannel33, from which, stooping upon all-fours, you back down a descent of four feet in twelve, through a tunnel three feet high and two feet six inches broad. It would have been a tight squeeze for a man like Mr Brooks, when he was better fed and fatter. Arrived at the bottom, you straighten yourself, and a second door admits you into the dark and sorrowing hold, empty of stores, and stripped to its naked ceiling for firewood. From this we grope our way to the main hatch, and mount by a rude stairway of boxes into the open air.
“December 2.—Many of the men are down with sickness and scurvy, and this adds greatly to my anxiety. M’Gary, Riley, Wilson, and Brooks, are all on the sick-list, and as for poor Morton, I am afraid I will lose him. Poor fellows, I can ill afford to lose any of them; but if Morton dies, it will be a great loss indeed. He is not only one of my ? 161 ? most intelligent men, but he is daring, cool, and every way trustworthy.
Return of the Wanderers
“On the 7th we had an agreeable surprise. I was asleep in the forenoon, after the fatigue34 of an extra night-watch, when I was called to the deck by the report of ‘Esquimaux sledges36.’ They came on rapidly, five sledges, with teams of six dogs each, most of the drivers strangers to us; and in a few minutes were at the brig. Their errand was of charity: they were bringing back to us Bonsall and Petersen, two of the party that left us on the 28th of August.
“The party had many adventures and much suffering to tell of. They had verified by painful and perilous38 experience all I had anticipated for them. But the most stirring of their announcements was the condition they had left their associates in, two hundred miles off, divided in their counsels, their energies broken, and their provisions nearly gone. Space and opportunity will not permit of my giving an account of their wanderings and privations, but they were very severe. My first thought was of the means of rescuing them. After a little necessary delay I despatched a party to relieve them.
“On the morning of the 12th Brooks awoke me with the cry of ‘Esquimaux again!’ I dressed hastily, and groping my way over the pile of boxes that leads up from the hold into the darkness above, made out a group of human figures, masked by the hooded40 jumpers of the natives. They stopped at the gangway, and, as I was about to challenge, one of them sprang forward and grasped my hand. It was Doctor Hayes. A few words, dictated41 by suffering, certainly not by any anxiety as to his reception, and at his bidding the whole party came upon deck. Poor fellows! I could only grasp their hands and give them a brother’s welcome.
? 162 ?
“One by one they all came in and were housed. Poor fellows! as they threw open their Esquimaux garments by the stove, how they relished42 the scanty43 luxuries which we had to offer them! The coffee and the meat-biscuit soup, and the molasses and wheat bread, even the salt pork which our scurvy forbade the rest of us to touch,—how they relished it all! For more than two months they had lived on frozen seal and walrus-meat.
“December 23.—A very serious occurrence took place to-day, which might have resulted in disastrous44 consequences. A watch had been stationed in charge of the lamp, with the usual order of ‘No uncovered lights.’ He deserted45 his post. Soon afterward46 Hans found the cooking-room on fire. It was a horrible crisis; for no less than eight of our party were absolutely nailed to their beds, and there was nothing but a bulkhead between them and the fire. I gave short but instant orders, stationing a line between the tide-hole and the main hatch, detailing two men to work with me, and ordering all the rest who could move to their quarters. Dr Hayes with his maimed foot, Mr Brooks with his contracted legs, and poor Morton, otherwise among our best men, could do nothing.
The Brig on Fire
“Before we reached the fire the entire bulkhead was in a blaze as well as the dry timbers and skin of the brig. Our moss walls, with their own tinder-like material and their light casing of inflammable wood, were entirely hidden by the flames. Fortunately the furs of the recently-returned party were at hand, and with them I succeeded in smothering47 the fire. But I was obliged to push through the blaze of our sailcloth bulkhead in order to defend the wall; and in my anxiety to save time, I had left the cabin without either cap or mittens48. I got through somehow or other, and tore down the canvas which hung against that ? 163 ? dangerous locality. Our rifles were in this corner, and their muzzles49 pointing in all directions.
“The water now began to pass down; but with the discharge of the first bucketful the smoke overcame me. As I found myself going I pushed for the hatchway, knowing that the bucket-line would feel me. Seeing was impossible; but, striking Ohlsen’s legs as I fell, I was passed up to the deck, minus beard, eyebrows50, and forelock, plus two burns on the forehead and one on each palm.
“In about three minutes after making way with the canvas the fire was got under, and in less than half an hour all was safe again. But the transition, for even the shortest time, from the fiery51 Shadrachin furnace-temperature below, to 46° below zero above, was intolerably trying. Every man suffered, and few escaped without frost-bitten fingers.
“The remembrance of the danger and its horrible results almost miraculously52 averted53, shocks us all. Had we lost our brig, not a man could have survived. Without shelter, clothing, or food, what help could we have on the open ice field?
“December 25, Christmas Day.—All together again, the returned and the steadfast54, we sat down to our Christmas dinner. There was more love than with the ‘stalled ox’ of former times; but of herbs none. We forgot our discomforts55 in the blessings56 which adhered to us still; and when we thought of the long road ahead of us, we thought of it hopefully. I pledged myself to give them their next Christmas with their homes; and each of us drank his ‘absent friends’ with ferocious58 zest59 over one-eighteenth part of a bottle of sillery,—the last of its hamper60.”
We entered upon the New-Year 1851 with mingled61 feelings of hope and dismay. The long, dull, dreary62 months of January and February “dragged their slow length ? 164 ? along” without much variety or incidents worth noting. We devised plans by which we hoped to be able to get away from our frozen fortress63, but could do nothing in the way of execution until the much-longed-for light re-appeared.
“February 10.—At length we have prognostications of the return of the blessed sun. The day is beginning to glow with its rays. The south at noon has almost an orange tinge64. In ten days his direct rays will reach our hill tops, and in a week after he will be dispensing65 his blessed medicine among our sufferers.”
It is hardly worth while to inflict66 on the reader a succession of journal-records like these. They tell of nothing but the varying symptoms of sick men, dreary, profitless hunts, relieved now and then by the signalised incident of a killed rabbit or a deer seen, and the longed-for advent37 of the solar light.
We worked on board—those of us who could work at all—at arranging a new gangway with a more gentle slope, to let some of the party crawl up from their hospital into the air. We were six, all told, out of eighteen, who could affect to hunt, cook, or nurse.
For myself, my thoughts had occupation enough in the question of our closing labours. I never lost my hope. I looked to the coming spring as full of responsibilities; but I had bodily strength and moral tone enough to look through them to the end. A trust, based on experience as well as on promises, buoyed67 me up at the worst of times. Call it fatalism, as you ignorantly may, there is that in the story of every eventful life which teaches the inefficiency68 of human means and the present control of a Supreme69 Agency. See how often relief has come at the moment of extremity70, in forms strangely unsought, almost at the time unwelcome; see, still more, how the back has been strengthened ? 165 ? to its increasing burden, and the heart cheered by some conscious influence of an unseen Power.
“February 21.—To-day the crests71 of the north-east headland were gilded72 by true sunshine, and all who were able assembled on deck to greet it. For the past ten days we have been watching the growing warmth of our landscape, as it emerged from buried shadow, through all the stages of distinctness of an India-ink washing, step by step, into the sharp, bold definition of our desolate73 harbour scene. We have marked every dash of colour which the great Painter in his benevolence74 vouchsafed75 to us; and now the empurpled blues76, clear, unmistakable, the spreading lake, the flickering77 yellow; peering at all these, poor wretches78! everything seemed superlative lustre79 and unsurpassable glory. We had so grovelled80 in darkness that we oversaw81 the light.”
Sickness
My journal for March is little else than a chronicle of sufferings. Our little party was quite broken down. Every man on board was tainted82 with scurvy, and it was not common to find more than three who could assist in caring for the rest. The greater number were in their bunks, absolutely unable to stir.
The circumstances were well fitted to bring out the character of individuals. Some were intensely grateful for every little act of kindness from their more fortunate messmates; some querulous; others desponding; others again wanted only strength to become mutinous83. Brooks, my first officer, as stalwart a man-o’-war’s man as ever faced an enemy, burst into tears when he first saw himself in the glass. On Sunday, the 4th, our last remnant of fresh meat had been doled84 out. Our invalids85 began to sink rapidly. The region about our harbour ceased to furnish its scanty contingent86 of game. One of our huntsmen, ? 166 ? Petersen, never very reliable in anything, declared himself unfit for further duty. Hans was unsuccessful: he made several wide circuits, and saw deer twice; but once they were beyond range, and the next time his rifle missed fire.
I tried the hunt for a long morning myself, without meeting a single thing of life, and was convinced, by the appearance of things on my return to the brig, that I should peril39 the morale87, and with it the only hope, of my command by repeating the experiment.
I laboured, of course, with all the ingenuity88 of a well-taxed mind, to keep up the spirits of my comrades. I cooked for them all imaginable compounds of our unvaried diet-list, and brewed89 up flax-seed and lime-juice and quinine and willow-stems into an abomination which was dignified90 as beer, and which some were persuaded for the time to believe such. But it was becoming more and more certain every hour, that unless we could renew our supplies of fresh meat, the days of the party were numbered.
I spare myself, as well as the readers of this hastily-compiled volume, when I pass summarily over the details of our condition at this time.
I look back at it with recollections like those of a nightmare. Yet I was borne up wonderfully. I never doubted for an instant that the same Providence91 which had guarded us through the long darkness of winter was still watching over us for good, and that it was yet in reserve for us—for some, I dared not hope for all—to bear back the tidings of our rescue to a Christian92 land. But how I did not see.
The advent of April brings with it a better state of matters. Petersen has so far recovered that he is able to go hunting, and he has met with some success; and never was blessing57 more welcome than the fresh meat with which his gun supplied our long starved table. Several of the ? 167 ? crew are on their legs again, and things generally begin to assume a healthier aspect. Business, as far as our shattered constitutions will permit, is now the order of the day.
“April 20.—A relief-watch, of Riley, Morton, and Bonsall, are preparing to saw out sledge35 runners from the cross-beams of the brig. It is slow work. They are very weak, and the thermometer sinks at night to -26°. Nearly all our beams have been used up for fuel; but I have saved enough to construct two sledges. I want a sledge sufficiently93 long to bring the weight of the whale-boat and her stowage within the line of the runner; this will prevent her rocking and pitching when crossing hummocked ice, and enable us to cradle her firmly to the sledge.
All at Work
“April 21.—Morton’s heel is nearly closed, and there is apparently94 a sound bone underneath95. He has been upon his back since October. I can now set this faithful and valuable man to active duty very soon.
“The beam was too long to be carried through our hatches; we therefore have sawed it as it stands, and will carry up the slabs96 separately. These slabs are but one and a half inch wide, and must be strengthened by iron bolts and cross-pieces; still they are all that we have. I made the bolts out of our cabin curtain-rods, long disused. Mr Petersen aids Ohlsen in grinding his tools. They will complete the job to-morrow,—for we must work on Sunday now,—and by Monday be able to begin at other things. Petersen undertakes to manufacture our cooking and mess-gear. I have a sad-looking assortment97 of battered98 rusty99 tins to offer him; but with the stove-pipe much may be done.
“April 22.—Gave rest for all but the sawyers, who keep manfully at the beam. Some notion of our weakness may be formed from the fact of these five poor follows averaging among them but one foot per hour.”
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excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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moss
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| n.苔，藓，地衣 | |
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scurvy
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| adj.下流的，卑鄙的，无礼的；n.坏血病 | |
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brooks
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| n.小溪( brook的名词复数 ) | |
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prophylactic
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| adj.预防疾病的；n.预防疾病 | |
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sanguine
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| adj.充满希望的，乐观的，血红色的 | |
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temperament
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| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
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consultation
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| n.咨询；商量；商议；会议 | |
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narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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engross
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marvel
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| vi.(at)惊叹vt.感到惊异；n.令人惊异的事 | |
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dexterity
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| n.(手的)灵巧，灵活 | |
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wrecked
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| adj.失事的，遇难的 | |
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hibernating
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| （某些动物）冬眠，蛰伏( hibernate的现在分词 ) | |
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firmament
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astronomer
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| n.天文学家 | |
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rendering
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humility
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| n.谦逊，谦恭 | |
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kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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revolving
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narration
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| n.讲述，叙述；故事；记叙体 | |
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fetters
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| n.脚镣( fetter的名词复数 )；束缚v.给…上脚镣，束缚( fetter的第三人称单数 ) | |
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monotonous
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| adj.单调的，一成不变的，使人厌倦的 | |
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drooping
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| adj. 下垂的，无力的 动词droop的现在分词 | |
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frail
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entirely
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exhausted
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apprise
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toil
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bunks
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diversified
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poetic
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flannel
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fatigue
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sledge
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sledges
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advent
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perilous
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peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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hooded
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dictated
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relished
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scanty
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disastrous
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deserted
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afterward
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smothering
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| （使）窒息， （使）透不过气( smother的现在分词 )； 覆盖； 忍住； 抑制 | |
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mittens
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| 不分指手套 | |
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muzzles
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| 枪口( muzzle的名词复数 )； （防止动物咬人的）口套； （四足动物的）鼻口部； （狗）等凸出的鼻子和口 | |
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eyebrows
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| 眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 ) | |
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fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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miraculously
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| ad.奇迹般地 | |
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averted
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| 防止，避免( avert的过去式和过去分词 )； 转移 | |
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steadfast
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| adj.固定的，不变的，不动摇的；忠实的；坚贞不移的 | |
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discomforts
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| n.不舒适( discomfort的名词复数 )；不愉快，苦恼 | |
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blessings
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| n.（上帝的）祝福( blessing的名词复数 )；好事；福分；因祸得福 | |
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blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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ferocious
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| adj.凶猛的，残暴的，极度的，十分强烈的 | |
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zest
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| n.乐趣；滋味，风味；兴趣 | |
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hamper
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| vt.妨碍，束缚，限制；n.(有盖的)大篮子 | |
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mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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tinge
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| vt.(较淡)着色于，染色；使带有…气息；n.淡淡色彩，些微的气息 | |
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dispensing
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| v.分配( dispense的现在分词 )；施与；配（药） | |
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inflict
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| vt.(on)把…强加给，使遭受，使承担 | |
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buoyed
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| v.使浮起( buoy的过去式和过去分词 )；支持；为…设浮标；振奋…的精神 | |
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inefficiency
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| n.无效率，无能；无效率事例 | |
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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crests
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| v.到达山顶（或浪峰）( crest的第三人称单数 )；到达洪峰，达到顶点 | |
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gilded
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| a.镀金的，富有的 | |
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desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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benevolence
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| n.慈悲，捐助 | |
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vouchsafed
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| v.给予，赐予( vouchsafe的过去式和过去分词 )；允诺 | |
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blues
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| n.抑郁，沮丧；布鲁斯音乐 | |
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flickering
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| adj.闪烁的，摇曳的，一闪一闪的 | |
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wretches
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| n.不幸的人( wretch的名词复数 )；可怜的人；恶棍；坏蛋 | |
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lustre
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| n.光亮，光泽；荣誉 | |
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grovelled
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| v.卑躬屈节，奴颜婢膝( grovel的过去式和过去分词 )；趴 | |
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oversaw
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| v.监督，监视( oversee的过去式 ) | |
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tainted
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| adj.腐坏的；污染的；沾污的；感染的v.使变质( taint的过去式和过去分词 )；使污染；败坏；被污染，腐坏，败坏 | |
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mutinous
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| adj.叛变的，反抗的；adv.反抗地，叛变地；n.反抗，叛变 | |
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doled
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| 救济物( dole的过去式和过去分词 )； 失业救济金 | |
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invalids
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| 病人，残疾者( invalid的名词复数 ) | |
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contingent
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| adj.视条件而定的；n.一组，代表团，分遣队 | |
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morale
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| n.道德准则，士气，斗志 | |
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ingenuity
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| n.别出心裁；善于发明创造 | |
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brewed
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| 调制( brew的过去式和过去分词 )； 酝酿； 沏（茶）； 煮（咖啡） | |
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dignified
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| a.可敬的，高贵的 | |
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providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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underneath
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| adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面 | |
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slabs
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| n.厚板，平板，厚片( slab的名词复数 )；厚胶片 | |
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assortment
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| n.分类，各色俱备之物，聚集 | |
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battered
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| adj.磨损的；v.连续猛击；磨损 | |
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rusty
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| adj.生锈的；锈色的；荒废了的 | |
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