Leviticus xxiii. v. 1, 2.—And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, Concerning the feasts of the Lord which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are my feasts.
“These are my feasts,” said God to the nation He was educating; “keep these feasts, for they are mine.” Now, what was the nature of these feasts, my brethren, which God called his? The Bible leaves us in no doubt about them. They were certain seasons set apart in every year, and at longer intervals1, during which the nation was “to rejoice before the Lord their God.” Each feast commemorated2 some event in the nation’s life; either a solemn act of national worship, such as the dedication3 of the[288] Temple; or some great national deliverance, such as the Exodus4 commemorated by the feast of Passover, or the defeat of Haman’s plot in the reign5 of Ahasuerus, commemorated by the feast Purim; or the daily care of God for his people, in giving them rain and fruitful seasons, the harvest and vintage, the increase of corn, and wine, and oil, commemorated by the feast of Pentecost.
They were to rejoice before the Lord their God at all these feasts. With what outward actions they were to rejoice we are not expressly told; probably it was left to each generation to express their joy in their own way. In the case of the Passover we know that they were to eat a lamb and unleavened bread; and we gather, I think, from many places, that both songs and dancing were freely used at the feasts; but further than this we do not know the outward form of their rejoicing.
But we do know the spirit in which they were to keep their feasts, the temper of mind in which God would have them rejoice before Him. This is most fully6 proclaimed. They were to keep alive in themselves and one another the memory of the great deliverances and blessings7,[289] which had been, and were being wrought8 for them. They were to remember that these deliverances had been wrought for ignorant despised bondmen, that these blessings were being poured down on a stiffnecked sinful people. Remembering these things, they were to come to their feasts, and rejoice before Him, with humble9 open hearts, thanking Him for all they possessed10, with love towards their brethren, ready to forgive debts, to help the poor to his right, and to acknowledge and glory in the bond which bound them all together in one nation.
Moreover, these feasts were to be feasts for the whole nation—for the rich and the poor, the free man and the slave, “for thee, and thy man-servant, and thy maid-servant;” for those who are in trouble and sorrow, as well as for the prosperous and happy; “for the stranger, and fatherless, and widow who are within thy gates.”
One thing more I wish you to notice about the Jewish feasts; they had all the same character, all were God’s feasts—not one or two religious feasts, as we should say, and the rest national, but all God’s feasts, and all national also. There is no hint in the Bible of any distinction;[290] all feasts ordained11 for the nation are God’s feasts, and their feasts also.
Now such feasts—such rejoicings before the Lord—as these, you can see at once must have had no slight influence on the nation which kept them. Accordingly we find them interwoven with every fibre of the national life: sometimes kept as God’s feasts—as He had said they were to be kept—in humbleness12 and thankfulness, in breaking bonds and forgiving debts; often, as though they had been not his but the devil’s feasts, in persecuting13 prophets and slaying14 righteous men; and no doubt also, as the natural consequence, in debauchery, gluttony, and hard and usurious dealings with one another; in oppression of man-servant and maid-servant, the widow, the fatherless, and the stranger. But in whatever way the feasts were kept they were always exercising a great power over generation after generation.
I have begun by talking to you about the Jewish feasts, my brethren, because I want to speak to you about our English feasts; and I think if we understand their feasts we shall very likely learn some lessons about our own which may do us good. Now we English, my brethren,[291] as a nation, have neglected this matter of feasts too much. We have very few days on which we rejoice as a nation—in fact the Queen’s birthday is almost our only national holiday, and this day we keep as Englishmen, and not as Christians17; while the feasts which we keep as Christians, and not as Englishmen (such as Christmas, and Easter, and Whitsuntide), have for this very reason lost much of their worth for us; which we shall recover, when we begin to keep them again, not the less as Christians, but more as Englishmen.
It is my earnest hope and prayer that we may mend in this matter, and that the great Christian16 festivals and the Queen’s birthday may so become all, and more than all, to us and our children, which the Passover and Pentecost were to the Jews. But that it may be so, we must, in this as in all other matters, begin mending at home, in our own families, and our own parishes. And so, my brethren, let us to-day think about the feasts which we keep who live in this parish, in the Vale of White Horse, who worship in this church.
We all know well enough what these feasts are. First, there is our village feast, a day set[292] apart in every year which is specially18 the feast day of this parish, and of all who belong to it. Then there are our harvest homes, which are not parish but family festivals; when the farmer and those who have worked with him, rejoice together over the garnering19 in of the fruits which God has given. Lastly, there is the feast which does not come every year, but at longer intervals, the feast of Scouring20 the White Horse, which is not the feast of one parish, but of the whole country side.
A few words as to the meaning of these feasts of ours. The first is the commemoration of the opening of this parish church, and its dedication to the worship of God. Your harvest homes you know the meaning of as well as I. The third is the commemoration of a great victory, won a thousand years ago by the king of this country against an army of heathen invaders21. I remind you of these things because they have been too much forgotten, and we never can rightly use our feasts till we remember them better.
Well, now, remember what I have told you about the Jewish feasts, or rather take your Bibles and look for yourselves, whether I tell[293] you the truth, when I say, that our feasts are just such feasts as those which you read of there. The feasts of the Jews were all either feasts in remembrance of the dedication of the Temple, or of thanksgiving for the good gifts of God, or of commemoration for some great national deliverance.
And ours are the very same. Do not think I am dealing15 unfairly with you in comparing our country feasts to the great national feasts of the Jews. It is not unfair to compare small things with great: families, parishes, nations, must stand or fall by the same laws. A society cannot do evil or good without reaping the fruits thereof, whether it be very small or very great. Do not think that I ought to speak of the great Christian festivals, Christmas and Easter; they are better understood and kept, though very badly as yet. I believe I am taking the right way to make you understand and keep these world-wide Christian feasts properly by bringing you down to these common insignificant22 feasts of ours, which we, the members of this parish and congregation, have power over; which we can make good or evil; for the use or abuse of which we shall be called to account by God.
[294]
For “thus saith the Lord,” to us as He said to the Jews, “these are my feasts.” They are his, my brethren, whether we like it or not; they are his, though we may try to make them ours, and so make them the devil’s. There is no neutral ground, no escape from the hard fact. Let us see now if we cannot accept them, and use them as his. Let us see whether they will be less or more to us if we do so. We shall find the trial worth making, I think, in the end.
They are his feasts: how, then, can we come to them as his guests—guests who will be pleasing to him, who will use his feasts as he would have us? For if we go to a man’s feast, the first thing we have to do is to go in such a temper and such a dress as will make us acceptable guests; and shall we do less as the guests of God?
The first thing, then, we have to consider is the temper, the state of mind in which we should go to our feasts; and here, as I said before, the Bible tells us all we want to know. The temper which he required of the Jews, he will require of us. At his feasts we have specially two things to do, to remember and to rejoice.[295] To remember the loving-kindness which he has shown to our fathers and to us, in delivering us many a time from the hand of enemies who were stronger than we; in giving us a Church, where for many hundred years the prayers of generation after generation had gone up to him, the God of all truth; in giving us the rich increase of his earth, year after year. Remembering these things, then, we are to keep the feast in humility23, for our own unworthiness; in thankfulness, for his tender care and unbounded love.
And we are also to rejoice before him, as members of a family, of a parish, of a country; thinking, therefore, of others, and not of ourselves; making up quarrels, exercising hospitality to all according to our means, seeking to do kindnesses to all who need them, to our debtors24, to the oppressed and unfortunate amongst us, to the widows, the fatherless, and the stranger; and in all ways strengthening and deepening the bond which binds25 us to one another, and to him.
This, my brethren, is the temper and state of mind which he required of the Jews of old, and which he requires of us at these times[296] especially. Think what our feasts would be, what our whole lives would be, if we tried to remember and to rejoice before the Lord thus.
If we come to his feasts in this temper, my brethren, it matters comparatively little what our outward acts of rejoicing may be. If our hearts are right towards the Lord of the feast and to one another, our dress and actions are surely right also, or will soon become so. Nevertheless, this is a matter of plain, practical importance, and I am not going to shrink from it. I wish to consider with you, how we keep his feasts and our feasts now; whether our method of keeping them is a true expression of that temper and spirit in which they ought to be kept, whether any thing better can be suggested.
On these points, as I said above, we have not the same help which we had before. We know very little of how the Jews rejoiced; we may be sure that we are not meant to copy the little we do know, such as the eating of a lamb roasted whole with unleavened bread. It is left for us to find out, and to do, such acts as may be done by those who are humble, and thankful, and loving in heart, towards God and towards each other.
[297]
Now there is one thing which one sees at once is wanting in our celebration of these feasts. In the times when they were established, it was the chief act of them, that which gave meaning to them, and kept alive that meaning. We have neglected and disused it, and so they have become all but meaningless to us, mere26 seasons in which we are to enjoy more pleasures than in ordinary times. This thing which we have forgotten is public fellow-worship, and it ought to be restored as soon as possible. At the yearly meetings of many of your benefit and other clubs, the members go all together to the church, and there worship before attending to their business and their pleasure. Why should not a parish do the same? I know nothing which would so easily and so effectually raise the tone of our village feast as the regular celebration of worship on that day, in the Church, the dedication and consecration27 of which, to the worship of God, was the cause of the holiday.
In one respect I believe that we are, to some extent, still keeping the feast as we ought. I believe that on that day young people who were born in the parish and have left it, make[298] a point, if possible, of getting back to see their fathers and mothers, and friends, and to revive old associations, often bringing with them part of their wages or some present; that many of the silly quarrels and feuds28 which have arisen during the year are then set to rest; that the residents in the parish make some exertion29 to welcome their visitors hospitably30, and that a general kindly31 feeling is common throughout the parish. I believe that this is still so, to some extent; but I fear that it is becoming less and less so. My brethren, all this is right, and true, and honest; this is the way to keep God’s feasts; you can’t go too far in this direction (except by spending more money than you can afford, which is always wrong). But the more you can deepen old family and local ties on these occasions, the more you can heal up quarrels, and forgive debts (both other debts, and money debts—remember that there is no duty more insisted on in God’s Word than this of forgiving money debts at these times), and exercise hospitality one to another without grudging32, the more will you be keeping God’s feasts as he would have you keep them.
Then there are the sports for which prizes are[299] given. There is no need to specify33 them all, and I shall therefore only speak of the one which is considered the most objectionable—which many people think should be stopped altogether—I mean wrestling. Whatever I may say on this will apply to all the rest. Now, my brethren, are wrestling matches a proper way of keeping God’s feasts? That is the question we have to answer.
The object of wrestling and of all other athletic34 sports is to strengthen men’s bodies, and to teach them to use their strength readily, to keep their tempers, to endure fatigue35 and pain. These are all noble ends, my brethren. God gives us few more valuable gifts than strength of body, and courage, and endurance—to you labouring men they are beyond all price. We ought to cultivate them in all right ways, for they are given us to protect the weak, to subdue36 the earth, to fight for our homes and country if necessary.
Therefore I say that wrestling, inasmuch as it is a severe trial of strength, temper, and endurance, may be, and ought to be, one of many right and proper ways of rejoicing before God at these feasts. And I say to any man who has[300] strength for it, and can keep his temper, and carries away no vain or proud thoughts if he wins, and no angry or revengeful thoughts if he loses, play by all means. No doubt there are men who ought not to play, who ought to abstain37 wholly from these games, as some men ought to abstain wholly from drink, who cannot use such things temperately38, which is the more worthy39 and manly40 way—men so constituted that these sort of games rouse all that is brutal41 in their natures, others who become braggarts and bullies42 from success in them. To such men (and each of you can easily find out whether he is such a man) I say abstain wholly.
Having said this, brethren, I must add that great changes should be made in the conduct or management of these games. They should never, on any pretence43 or plea whatever, be left in the hands of publicans. You should always endeavour to play in sides (as is, I believe, the most common custom) for your county or your parish, and not for yourselves, as you are much more likely in that way to play bravely and fairly. Money prizes should be if possible avoided, for money is the lowest motive44 for[301] which men can undertake any work or any game. And lastly, every one of you should exercise his whole strength and influence in putting down at once all brutality45 and bluster46 and foul47 play.
As to the rest of the amusements, the visiting shows, the eating and drinking, the dancing and music, I believe them all in themselves to be lawful48 and right in the sight of God, and fit things to do when we are rejoicing before Him. But, my brethren, I do not think them lawful and right, or fit things to be done before anybody but the devil, when they end in such scenes as, I fear—as I know—they often do end in at our feasts. No wonder that the feasts are falling off year by year; that they cease to interest decent and respectable people who used to care about them, when they are deliberately49 turned by some into scenes of drunkenness and profligacy50, which can scarcely be surpassed amongst savages51 and heathens.
I need not dwell on this, for you all know well enough what I mean. You all know, too—the voice within you tells each of you plainly enough—the moment you are going beyond the proper limits in these matters. It[302] is no use to lay down rules on such subjects. Every man and every woman must be a law to themselves. One can do safely what would ruin another. And here again I say, as I said before, the use of these things is right and good, and what God approves of, who in his infinite love has given us the power of enjoying all these things, and the things themselves to enjoy—music, and dancing, and pleasant company, and food and drink. The abuse of them is of the devil, and destroys body and soul.
I beseech52 you all to think of what I have said, and endeavour, each in your own way, to retain, or to bring back, if necessary, God’s feasts into your own parishes. You, old and grown-up men and women, by living soberly and righteously; never making mischief53, or quarrelling; treating your children with forbearance and love, doing your own work, and helping54 others to do theirs. To you young men, I say, as Solomon said, rejoice in your youth; rejoice in your strength of body, and elasticity55 of spirits, and the courage which follows from these; but remember that for these gifts you will be judged—not condemned56, mind,[303] but judged. You will have to show before a Judge who knoweth your inmost hearts, that you have used these his great gifts well; that you have been pure, and manly, and true.
And to you, young women, I can but say the same. Beauty, and purity, and youth, and merry light hearts, and all the numberless attractions which have been poured upon you, are tremendous influences for good or evil,—gifts for which you will have to give an account. Rejoice in them; use them freely; but avoid, as you would death itself, all rivalry57 with one another, all attempts to exercise power over men you do not care for, every light thought, and word, and look. For the light word or look is but a step from the impure58, and the experience of the whole world is telling you
“How mirth can into folly59 glide60,
And folly into sin.”
But now to conclude. You may ask, how are we all to keep these things in mind? how, when we are all met together to enjoy ourselves, can we be ever on the watch for this[304] evil, which you say is so near us? You cannot, my brethren; but One is with you, is in you, who can and will, if you will let him.
Men found this out in the old time, and have felt it and known it ever since. Three thousand years ago this truth dawned upon the old Psalmist, and struck him with awe61. He struggled with it; he tried to escape from it, but in vain. “Whither shall I go then,” he says, “from thy spirit? or whither shall I flee then from thy presence? If I go up to heaven, Thou art there: if I go down to hell, Thou art there also. If I take the wings of the morning, and reside in the uttermost parts of the sea; even there also shall thy hand lead me, and thy right hand shall hold me.”
Is any of us stronger or wiser than the Psalmist? Is there any place for us to flee to, which was not open to him? My brethren, had we not better make up our minds to accept and acknowledge the truth, to which our own consciences bear witness; that, not only in heaven, and in hell, and in the uttermost parts of sea and earth, He is present, but that in the inmost recesses62 of our own hearts there is no escape from his Spirit—that He is there[305] also, sustaining us, pleading with us, punishing us.
We know it by the regret we feel for time wasted and opportunities neglected; by the loathing63 coming back to us, time after time, for our every untrue or mean thought, word, or deed; by every longing64 after truth, and righteousness, and purity, which stirs our sluggish65 souls. By all these things, and in a thousand other ways, we feel it, we know it.
Let us, then, come to our feasts owning this, and giving ourselves up to his guidance. At first it will be hard work; our will and spirits will be like a lump of ice in a man’s hand, which yields but slowly to the warm pressure. But do not despair; throw yourselves on his guidance, and he will guide you, he will hide you under his wings, you shall be safe under his feathers, his faithfulness and truth shall be your shield and buckler.
The ice will melt into water, and the water will lie there in the hollow of the hand, moving at the slightest motion, obeying every impulse which is given to it.
My brethren, the Spirit of God which is in every one of us—the Spirit of truth and love[306] unchangeable—will take possession of our spirits, if we will but let him, and turn not only our feasts into feasts of the Lord, but our whole lives into the lives of children of God, and joint-heirs of heaven with his Son.
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1
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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2
commemorated
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| v.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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dedication
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| n.奉献，献身，致力，题献，献辞 | |
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exodus
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| v.大批离去，成群外出 | |
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reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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7
blessings
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| n.（上帝的）祝福( blessing的名词复数 )；好事；福分；因祸得福 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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10
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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11
ordained
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| v.任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 )；授予（某人）圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；判定 | |
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12
humbleness
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| n.谦卑，谦逊；恭顺 | |
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13
persecuting
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| （尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的现在分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人 | |
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14
slaying
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| 杀戮。 | |
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15
dealing
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| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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18
specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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garnering
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| v.收集并（通常）贮藏（某物），取得，获得( garner的现在分词 ) | |
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scouring
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| 擦[洗]净，冲刷，洗涤 | |
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invaders
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| 入侵者，侵略者，侵入物( invader的名词复数 ) | |
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insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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humility
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| n.谦逊，谦恭 | |
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debtors
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| n.债务人，借方( debtor的名词复数 ) | |
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25
binds
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| v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 )；装订；捆绑；（用长布条）缠绕 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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consecration
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| n.供献，奉献，献祭仪式 | |
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feuds
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| n.长期不和，世仇( feud的名词复数 ) | |
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exertion
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| n.尽力，努力 | |
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hospitably
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| 亲切地，招待周到地，善于款待地 | |
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kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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grudging
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| adj.勉强的，吝啬的 | |
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33
specify
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| vt.指定，详细说明 | |
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athletic
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| adj.擅长运动的，强健的；活跃的，体格健壮的 | |
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fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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subdue
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| vt.制服，使顺从，征服；抑制，克制 | |
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abstain
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| v.自制，戒绝，弃权，避免 | |
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temperately
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| adv.节制地，适度地 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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41
brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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bullies
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| n.欺凌弱小者, 开球 vt.恐吓, 威胁, 欺负 | |
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43
pretence
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| n.假装，作假；借口，口实；虚伪；虚饰 | |
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44
motive
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| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
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45
brutality
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| n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮 | |
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46
bluster
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| v.猛刮；怒冲冲的说；n.吓唬，怒号；狂风声 | |
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47
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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48
lawful
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| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
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deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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profligacy
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| n.放荡，不检点，肆意挥霍 | |
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savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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beseech
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| v.祈求，恳求 | |
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mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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helping
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| n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的 | |
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elasticity
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| n.弹性，伸缩力 | |
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condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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rivalry
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| n.竞争，竞赛，对抗 | |
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impure
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| adj.不纯净的，不洁的；不道德的，下流的 | |
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folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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glide
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| n./v.溜，滑行；(时间)消逝 | |
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awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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recesses
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| n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 )；（工作或业务活动的）中止或暂停期间；学校的课间休息；某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 )；将（墙）做成凹形，在（墙）上做壁龛；休息，休会，休庭 | |
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63
loathing
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| n.厌恶，憎恨v.憎恨，厌恶( loathe的现在分词)；极不喜欢 | |
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longing
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| n.（for）渴望 | |
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sluggish
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| adj.懒惰的，迟钝的，无精打采的 | |
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