CHAPTER VII. EMIGRATION.

Ladies who have never received any special training, and have neither time nor means to procure¹ it, would probably do wisely to emigrate—that is to say, if they are domesticated² and willing to be generally useful. In the colonies competition for situations is not nearly so great as in England, and consequently governesses, companions, mothers' helps, and housekeepers³, are more valued, and usually treated quite as members of the family. I give particulars of two of the Emigration Societies. They gave me most encouraging accounts of the ladies who had emigrated under their auspices⁴, and told me they thought any one, with ordinary good sense, and willing to work, landing in Australia or New Zealand with a few pounds in her pocket, would be sure to do well.115 They both strongly advise ladies who have friends in any one of the colonies to choose that one to go to, as private introductions are most valuable. Intending emigrants⁵ should acquire as thorough a knowledge of cookery, all kinds of needlework (including dressmaking), ironing, starching⁷, &c., as they possibly can, it may prove very useful to them.

The Government of South Australia offers a free grant of land of the value of ￡20, to be selected by the recipient⁸, to any person over the age of twelve, male or female, paying their own passage direct to Adelaide, and residing in that colony two years.

The Queensland Government offers free passages to people describing themselves as domestic servants. This does not necessitate⁹ their taking that position on their arrival, but only means they must be willing to enter domestic service if they can get no better engagement. The following is a quotation¹⁰ from their published rules:—"On arrival in the colony, all passengers, unless going out under special agreement, will be at perfect liberty to engage themselves to any one willing to employ them, and to make their own bargain for wages." The Queensland Government Emigration Office is at 32, Charing¹¹ Cross, London, S.W., where all information respecting free passages can be obtained.

116

FEMALE MIDDLE CLASS EMIGRATION SOCIETY.

President: Earl of Shaftesbury.

Committee:

    Miss Rye.
    Miss Bonham-Carter.
    Miss Newton.
    Miss F. Melliss.
    Mrs. Scott.
    Madame Bodichon.
    Miss Baron¹².
    H. Green, Esq., jun.
    W. Gilbert, Esq.

Bankers: Messrs. Coutts & Co, 59, Strand¹³.
Auditor¹⁴: Rev¹⁵. Fynes Webber, Sub-Dean of St. Pauls.
Hon. Secretary: Miss J. E. Lewin.
Secretary: Mrs. Sunter.
Office:—2, Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, London, W.C.

RULES.

I. The Society confines its assistance entirely¹⁶ to educated women, no applicants¹⁸ being accepted who are not sufficiently¹⁹ educated to undertake the duties of a nursery governess.

II. Every applicant¹⁷ is examined as far as possible with regard to her knowledge of cooking, baking, washing, needlework, and housework; and is required to be willing to assist in these departments of labour should it be necessary.

III. Applicants are required to give the names and addresses of four persons as referees²⁰, from whom the Society may obtain information respecting the position, character, strength, qualifications, and general117 suitableness of the applicant for a colonial life; two of these referees to be ladies with whom the applicant has held situations, and two to be her personal friends. The references are, if possible, taken up personally by the secretaries; and the Society hopes, by establishing correspondents in the chief provincial²¹ towns, to ensure in all cases a personal interview with the applicant, if not with her referees.

IV. If the information obtained is satisfactory, the applicant, being accepted by the Society, receives all possible needful assistance. Should she be unable to pay the entire cost of cabin fittings and passage money, the Society advances the deficient²² amount, a legal agreement to repay within two years and four months being signed by the emigrant⁶, and two respectable householders as securities. Should an approved applicant not require a loan, she is equally entitled to the advantages of the Society's care and protection.

V. The Society secures all passages and purchases cabin-fittings on behalf of the emigrants, thus saving much trouble and time. It is also enabled, by the liberality of shipowners and outfitters, to effect a considerable saving of expense. The cost of passage and cabin-fittings is generally about ￡45 first class, ￡25 second class. The Society has established regular correspondents at most of the colonial ports. As soon as a lady leaves England, notice of her118 departure is sent by the overland mail to the correspondent at the port to which she is bound. Her name, together with copies of her testimonials, are sent at the same time; and, as the notice is received six weeks before the emigrant arrives, there is time to make preparations for her reception, and even to seek for situations.

VI. The business of the Society is transacted²⁴ in the usual manner by a committee, secretaries, and treasurers²⁶. The selection of emigrants rests with the secretaries, but the names and testimonials of all persons sent out may be inspected by the committee. Cheques are signed by a treasurer²⁵ and a secretary. Accounts are audited²⁷ yearly. Interviews on Tuesdays.

WOMEN'S EMIGRATION SOCIETY.

Patron: H.R.H. the Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne.

Council:

    The Duchess of Marlborough.
    The Duchess of Wellington.
    Constance, Marchioness of Lothian.
    The Dowager Lady Lawrence.
    The Dowager Lady Rayleigh.
    The Lady Wynford.
    The Lady Elizabeth Cust.
    The Lady Adeliza Manners.
    The Lady Caroline Tumor²⁸.
    The Lord Brabazon.
    The Bishop²⁹ of Ballarat
    The Bishop of Brisbane.
    The Bishop of Huron.
    The Bishop of North Queensland.
    The Hon. Mrs. Francis Drummond.
    The Hon. Mrs. Stonor.
    Lady Henderson.
    Lady Thompson.
    The Rt. Hon. Sir Bartle Frere, Bart., G.C.B., G.C.S.I.
    Sir Henry Barkly, G.C.M.G.
    Sir Alexander Galt, G.C.M.G.
    Sir Saul Samuel, K.C.M.G.
    The Rev. Alex. J. Ross, D.D.
    Mrs. Charles Kingsley.
    Mrs. Townsend.

119

Executive Committee:

    The Lady Jane Taylor, 16, Eaton Place, S. W. (President).
    The Marchioness of Salisbury, Arlington House, Arlington Street.
    The Lady Emily Pepys, 75, Victoria Street, S. W.
    Lady Fox Young, 96, Cromwell Road.
    Lady Stuart Hogg, 14, Southwell Gardens, S. W.
    Mrs. E. L. Blanchard, 6, Adelphi Terrace, Strand.
    Mrs. George Campbell, 22, Queen's Gate Gardens, S. W.
    Miss Elliott, 29, Cornwall Gardens, S. W.
    Miss Hubbard, Leonards Lee, Horsham.
    Miss Anna Swanwick, 23, Cumberland Terrace, N. W.
    The Duke of Manchester, 1, Great Stanhope Street, W.
    Lord William Seymour, 1, Chesham Place.
    Gen. Sir R. C. H. Taylor, K.C.B., Governor of Sandhurst.
    Major C. C. Fitzroy, 4, Cranley Place, S. W.
    James Noel, Esq., 8, Hanover Square, W.

Bankers:
Messrs. Ransom³⁰, Bouverie & Co., 1, Pall³¹ Mall East, S. W.

Honorary Solicitors³²:
Messrs. Green & Hartcup, 5, Verulam Buildings, Gray's Inn.

Honorary Treasurer:
Arthur Bradshaw, Esq., New Crofts, Hillingdon, Uxbridge.

Lady Secretary:
Miss Clune.

Honorary Secretary:
Thomas Tully, Esq.

Office:
New Buildings, Carteret St., Queen Anne's Gate, London, S.W.

The object of the Society is to promote, by means of advice and material help, the emigration to the colonies of respectable Englishwomen of all classes. The Society inquires into the character, health, and prospects³³ of success of each intending emigrant, and watches over her during her transit³⁴ from her home in120 England to her place of settlement, taking precautions for her comfort and safety on her voyage, and through its agents sheltering and protecting her on her arrival at her destination until she obtains suitable employment.

It obtains and distributes information as to all the British Colonies, their climate, resources, &c., &c.

The Society endeavours to find the necessary expenses, by loan or gift, for outfit²³ and passage to women who are of good character but without means. Many educated or suitable women, struggling unsuccessfully against the over-competition of the Old Country, would be glad to emigrate if they were aware of the existence of a Society able to afford them serviceable advice and assistance. They cannot go through the Government Emigration agencies, and are therefore thrown upon the funds of the Society. To those who are unable to pay for their passage and equipment, the assistance of such a Society is indispensable.

The steamers of the P. and O. Company, and of the Orient Line, perform the passage to Adelaide in about six weeks. The sailing ships usually occupy about twelve weeks. The rates of passage vary from ￡15 to ￡75.

Cassell & Company, Limited, Belle³⁵ Sauvage Works, London, E.C.

The End

1 procure   

vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条

参考例句：

• Can you procure some specimens for me?你能替我弄到一些标本吗？
• I'll try my best to procure you that original French novel.我将尽全力给你搞到那本原版法国小说。

2 domesticated   

adj.喜欢家庭生活的；（指动物）被驯养了的v.驯化( domesticate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He is thoroughly domesticated and cooks a delicious chicken casserole. 他精于家务，烹制的砂锅炖小鸡非常可口。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The donkey is a domesticated form of the African wild ass. 驴是非洲野驴的一种已驯化的品种。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 housekeepers   

n.（女）管家( housekeeper的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Can you send up one of your housekeepers to make bed? 请你派个女服务员来整理床铺好吗？ 来自互联网
• They work as gas station attendants, firemen, housekeepers,and security personnel. 本句翻译：机器人也能够作为煤气站的服务员，救火队员等保安作用。 来自互联网

4 auspices   

n.资助，赞助

参考例句：

• The association is under the auspices of Word Bank.这个组织是在世界银行的赞助下办的。
• The examination was held under the auspices of the government.这次考试是由政府主办的。

5 emigrants   

n.（从本国移往他国的）移民( emigrant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• At last the emigrants got to their new home. 移民们终于到达了他们的新家。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• 'Truly, a decree for selling the property of emigrants.' “有那么回事，是出售外逃人员财产的法令。” 来自英汉文学 - 双城记

6 emigrant   

adj.移居的，移民的；n.移居外国的人，移民

参考例句：

• He is a British emigrant to Australia.他是个移居澳大利亚的英国人。
• I always think area like this is unsuited for human beings,but it is also unpractical to emigrant in a large scale.我一直觉得，像这样的地方是不适宜人类居住的，可大规模的移民又是不现实的。

7 starching   

v.把（衣服、床单等）浆一浆( starch的现在分词 )；上浆

参考例句：

• The worker is starching the linen. 这名工人正在给亚麻布上浆。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He spent two hours starching up the cloth. 他用了2个小给这块布料上浆。 来自互联网

8 recipient   

a.接受的,感受性强的 n.接受者,感受者,容器

参考例句：

• Please check that you have a valid email certificate for each recipient. 请检查是否对每个接收者都有有效的电子邮件证书。
• Colombia is the biggest U . S aid recipient in Latin America. 哥伦比亚是美国在拉丁美洲最大的援助对象。

9 necessitate   

v.使成为必要，需要

参考例句：

• Your proposal would necessitate changing our plans.你的提议可能使我们的计划必须变更。
• The conversion will necessitate the complete rebuilding of the interior.转变就必需完善内部重建。

10 quotation   

n.引文，引语，语录；报价，牌价，行情

参考例句：

• He finished his speech with a quotation from Shakespeare.他讲话结束时引用了莎士比亚的语录。
• The quotation is omitted here.此处引文从略。

11 charing   

n.炭化v.把…烧成炭，把…烧焦( char的现在分词 )；烧成炭，烧焦；做杂役女佣

参考例句：

• We married in the chapel of Charing Cross Hospital in London. 我们是在伦敦查令十字医院的小教堂里结的婚。 来自辞典例句
• No additional charge for children under12 charing room with parents. ☆十二岁以下小童与父母同房不另收费。 来自互联网

12 baron   

n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王

参考例句：

• Henry Ford was an automobile baron.亨利·福特是一位汽车业巨头。
• The baron lived in a strong castle.男爵住在一座坚固的城堡中。

13 strand   

vt.使（船）搁浅，使（某人）困于（某地）

参考例句：

• She tucked a loose strand of hair behind her ears.她把一缕散发夹到了耳后。
• The climbers had been stranded by a storm.登山者被暴风雨困住了。

14 auditor   

n.审计员，旁听着

参考例句：

• The auditor was required to produce his working papers.那个审计员被要求提供其工作底稿。
• The auditor examines the accounts of all county officers and departments.审计员查对所有县官员及各部门的帐目。

15 rev   

v.发动机旋转，加快速度

参考例句：

• It's his job to rev up the audience before the show starts.他要负责在表演开始前鼓动观众的热情。
• Don't rev the engine so hard.别让发动机转得太快。

16 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

17 applicant   

n.申请人，求职者，请求者

参考例句：

• He was the hundredth applicant for the job. 他是第100个申请这项工作的人。
• In my estimation, the applicant is well qualified for this job. 据我看, 这位应征者完全具备这项工作的条件。

18 applicants   

申请人，求职人( applicant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。
• He was impressed by the high calibre of applicants for the job. 求职人员出色的能力给他留下了深刻印象。

19 sufficiently   

adv.足够地，充分地

参考例句：

• It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
• The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。

20 referees   

n.裁判员( referee的名词复数 )；证明人；公断人；（专业性强的文章的）审阅人

参考例句：

• The fiery player has had numerous run-ins with referees. 这位脾气暴躁的队员曾和裁判员发生过无数次争吵。
• If you want to appeal, the Court of Referees will decide. 如果你要上诉，可以由仲裁法庭去判决。 来自辞典例句

21 provincial   

adj.省的，地方的；n．外省人，乡下人

参考例句：

• City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes.城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。
• Two leading cadres came down from the provincial capital yesterday.昨天从省里下来了两位领导干部。

22 deficient   

adj.不足的，不充份的，有缺陷的

参考例句：

• The crops are suffering from deficient rain.庄稼因雨量不足而遭受损害。
• I always have been deficient in selfconfidence and decision.我向来缺乏自信和果断。

23 outfit   

n.（为特殊用途的）全套装备，全套服装

参考例句：

• Jenney bought a new outfit for her daughter's wedding.珍妮为参加女儿的婚礼买了一套新装。
• His father bought a ski outfit for him on his birthday.他父亲在他生日那天给他买了一套滑雪用具。

24 transacted   

v.办理（业务等）( transact的过去式和过去分词 )；交易，谈判

参考例句：

• We transacted business with the firm. 我们和这家公司交易。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Major Pendennis transacted his benevolence by deputy and by post. 潘登尼斯少校依靠代理人和邮局，实施着他的仁爱之心。 来自辞典例句

25 treasurer   

n.司库，财务主管

参考例句：

• Mr. Smith was succeeded by Mrs.Jones as treasurer.琼斯夫人继史密斯先生任会计。
• The treasurer was arrested for trying to manipulate the company's financial records.财务主管由于试图窜改公司财政帐目而被拘留。

26 treasurers   

（团体等的）司库，财务主管( treasurer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• At the same time, individuals need to hold their pension fund managers and state treasurers accountable. 同时，个人需要使他们的养老基金管理者和州财务人员变得负有责任。
• Last question, what's your advice for our treasurers to get through the crisis? 最后的问题，对于司库们更好的度过危机，您有什么建议吗？

27 audited   

v.审计，查账( audit的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The accounts have to be audited by a firm of external auditors. 这些账目必须由一家外聘审计员的公司来稽查。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• E. g. few if any charities collection publishes audited accounts. 例如很少义款收集有公布经过查核的帐目。 来自互联网

28 tumor   

n.（肿）瘤，肿块(英)tumour

参考例句：

• He was died of a malignant tumor.他死于恶性肿瘤。
• The surgeons irradiated the tumor.外科医生用X射线照射那个肿瘤。

29 bishop   

n.主教，（国际象棋）象

参考例句：

• He was a bishop who was held in reverence by all.他是一位被大家都尊敬的主教。
• Two years after his death the bishop was canonised.主教逝世两年后被正式封为圣者。

30 ransom   

n.赎金，赎身；v.赎回，解救

参考例句：

• We'd better arrange the ransom right away.我们最好马上把索取赎金的事安排好。
• The kidnappers exacted a ransom of 10000 from the family.绑架者向这家人家勒索10000英镑的赎金。

31 pall   

v.覆盖，使平淡无味；n.柩衣，棺罩；棺材；帷幕

参考例句：

• Already the allure of meals in restaurants had begun to pall.饭店里的饭菜已经不像以前那样诱人。
• I find his books begin to pall on me after a while.我发觉他的书读过一阵子就开始对我失去吸引力。

32 solicitors   

初级律师( solicitor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Most solicitors in England and Wales are in private practice . 英格兰和威尔士的大多数律师都是私人执业者。
• The family has instructed solicitors to sue Thomson for compensation. 那家人已经指示律师起诉汤姆森，要求赔偿。

33 prospects   

n.希望，前途(恒为复数)

参考例句：

• There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
• They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。

34 transit   

n.经过，运输；vt.穿越，旋转；vi.越过

参考例句：

• His luggage was lost in transit.他的行李在运送中丢失。
• The canal can transit a total of 50 ships daily.这条运河每天能通过50条船。

35 belle   

n.靓女

参考例句：

• She was the belle of her Sunday School class.在主日学校她是她们班的班花。
• She was the belle of the ball.她是那个舞会中的美女。