As some limit must be put to such an enquiry, I propose to confine our thoughts to the study of one passage of Scripture3; viz., Gen. ix. 25–27, “Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren. And he said, Blessed be the Lord God of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant. God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.” Some people appear to speak with great disrespect of the Pentateuch. It is well, therefore, to take from it an ancient prophecy, and to study first the historical truth, and secondly5 the prophetical accuracy of these remarkable6 words.
I. The Historical Truth.
It is not an uncommon7 thing in these days to set science in opposition8 to the Scriptures, and to speak as if the one were opposed to the other. As a general p. 19rule, the persons who do so are persons who have a very shallow acquaintance with either, for the truly scientific man, and the true student of the Scriptures, are both so conscious of their own limited attainments9 in the face of the vast fields of unlimited knowledge which are still unexplored, that they are sure to feel humbly10 on the subject, and to be very shy of bold assertions respecting matters that they do not understand. But, instead of science being opposed to the Scriptures, we are quite prepared to call in science as a witness to its truth; for science is the study of the creation of God, and it would be indeed strange if His own works were at variance11 with His Word. So we will turn now, if God permit, to one of the great results of modern scientific discovery, and see what testimony12 it bears to the truth of the Pentateuch.
The particular branch to which I would refer is what is called “Ethnology,” or the study of the nations of the world. This is comparatively quite a modern science, for it is only quite lately that the world has been thrown open to the investigation13 of scientific men. The two means by which it has been thrown open have been the steam-engine, and Christian14 missions. The steam-engine has enabled investigators15 to travel in all directions, and Christian missions have led to the study of hundreds of languages that were previously16 unknown.
The history of one of these languages is worth recording17. When the late Mr. Darwin visited the islands of Tierra del Fuego, in the celebrated18 voyage of the Beagle, he considered the inhabitants to be below ordinary p. 20manhood, and to have no language. But a devoted19 missionary20, settled amongst them, has not only found that they have a language, but he has learned it, reduced it to writing, and translated into it the Gospel of St. Luke. It has been printed by the British and Foreign Bible Society, and is now read amongst the people. Mr. Darwin, being a truly scientific man, was so deeply interested at the discovery of his own mistake, that for the last few years of his life he subscribed22 ￡5 a year to the South American Missionary Society.
Thus the missionary movement has brought about a vast increase of scientific knowledge respecting the languages of the world, and scientific men have had before them a mass of fresh material to which their predecessors23 had no access whatever. The British and Foreign Bible Society has circulated the Scriptures in no less than 250 languages, by far the greater number of which had never before been reduced to writing. By this means there has been an immense impetus24 given to the researches of scientific men. The two points to which especial attention has been directed have been the structure of language, and the formation of the skull25. On these two points men of science have most carefully collected information from all quarters of the globe—north, south, east, and west; and they have endeavoured to group, or classify, the various scattered26 nations of mankind.
And now I come to the most remarkable and assuring fact, that, after patient, laborious27, and most elaborate p. 21scientific comparison, they have come to the conclusion that all the nations of the earth may be grouped into three great families, and have probably descended28 from three original centres. They name these three great divisions the Aryan, the Semitic, and the Turanian. But we need not trouble ourselves about the names. The classification itself is the matter of supreme29 importance; for in this discovery of the nineteenth century we find the full confirmation30 of the account, written by Moses more than 3,000 years ago, of the three sons of Noah surviving the flood more than 4,000 years ago. In that narrative31 we find the account of mankind starting afresh under three heads, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Since that time there have elapsed more than 4,000 years, and now, in this nineteenth century, after all the changes that have taken place, we find a body of learned and unprejudiced men, enabled by the discovery of steam to discover amongst mankind, as we now exist, precisely32 the same threefold division that is described in the Scriptures as having taken place in the days of Noah. Now how are we to explain this fact? What is the cause of this strange coincidence? It is utterly33 impossible that the Mosaic34 record should have been constructed in order to suit the scientific discoveries of our own day. And those who honour science would be the last to admit that men of science have constructed their system on the lines of the Mosaic record. But, there is one word that is a key to the whole, one word that is the connecting-link between the fifteenth century before p. 22Christ, and the nineteenth century after Him; between the statements of the Scripture and the researches of science, and that one word settles all. That one word is Truth, truth in science, and truth in Scripture; truth in the Word, and truth in the works of God.
But we have not yet done with history, for the tenth chapter of Genesis gives us some idea of the direction in which these three great families spread themselves over the surface of the globe. A moment’s thought will be sufficient to show that it must be next to impossible to trace these descriptions now. Vast changes have taken place during the 4,000 years that have elapsed. Cities have sprung up and disappeared; whole nations have risen to power, and passed away; names have changed; there have been migrations35, invasions, captivities, and dispersions; so that the different families have in many cases been strangely intermingled. But still there is a certain outline given in the Pentateuch, and a certain outline agreed upon by the men of science. Now look at this outline.
Begin with Japheth. Amongst his sons we meet with three well-known names, all connected by Ezekiel (xxxviii.) with the north; viz., Mesech, Tubal, and Togarmah, leading us to suppose that his descendants most probably spread along the North of Europe and Asia; and in Genesis x. 5 it is added, “By these were the isles36 of the Gentiles divided in their lands; every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations”—an expression invariably used for Europe, and p. 23all countries approached from central Asia by sea. Now, curiously37 enough, that very district, Europe and Northern Asia, is regarded by the men of science as the head-quarters of those whom they call the Aryans.
As for Shem, there is no difficulty in ascertaining38 his head-quarters, for Abraham was his lineal descendant; and we know that from the river of Egypt to the river Euphrates was the country given him by God. That country, therefore, was his starting-point; and accordingly men of science tell us that Western Asia, including Palestine and the adjacent countries, must have been the home of the great Semitic family. Again, therefore, there is the closest possible agreement between ancient history and modern discovery.
The case of Ham is not so perfectly39 clear. According to the book of Genesis he appears, if we understand the names, to have spread in two directions—eastward towards Southern Asia, and also south-west to Gaza, the gateway40 to Africa. Though Africa is not mentioned in that passage it is clear that the descendants of Ham spread over the isthmus41 of Suez into that continent; for in Psalm42 cv. 23, 27, Egypt is actually called “the land of Ham.” And now once more I turn to the men of science, and I find that these very districts are thought by them to be the ancient homes of those they call Turanians. Now, let it be well understood, I do not say that these outlines are never crossed, and that the races are not found in many cases to be intermixed. But what I do say is, that in their great local outlines the p. 24arrangements of the men of science correspond, in a very remarkable manner, with the arrangements which we gather from all that we can learn from the Scripture history. Once more then modern discovery bears its testimony to Scriptural accuracy, and we welcome the men of science as unanswerable “witnesses” to historical truth.
II. The Prophecy.
Thus far we have not gone beyond the historical truth of the Pentateuch; but now let us turn to the prophecy,—that most remarkable prophecy of Noah, in which he foreshadowed the future destiny of the great families. Let us consider the three prophecies in the order in which they stand.
(1.) Canaan. There is something inexpressibly awful in the words respecting Canaan, and they are full of instruction respecting sin. They show what an awful thing sin is in the sight of God, and how superficial is man’s estimate of its guilt43; for here is a whole race laid under a solemn curse in consequence of the sin of its head. As Adam brought a curse on the world, so Ham brought one on Canaan. The curse inflicted44 in that case was bondage45, and the prophecy was that Canaan should be a servant of servants to both his brethren: i.e. to both Shem and Japheth. And now look at the fulfilment.
Take first a period about 1,000 years after the prophecy was given, when the Canaanites were still in the promised land, and Israel, the descendants of Shem, p. 25came up from Egypt. The conflict then was between Shem and Canaan, and what was the result? The greater part of the Canaanites were destroyed, and those that remained were reduced to abject46 slavery. The prediction was fulfilled, and Canaan became the slave of Shem.
But some may say that all that was a long time ago, and only matter of ancient history.
Let us then turn to our own times, and consider facts that are within our own observation. How is it that our own West Indian islands are peopled with negroes? Is it not because we English made slaves of the Africans, or, in other words, because Japheth made a slave of Canaan? How is it that there is a negro population amounting to 4,000,000 in the United States? Is it not for the name reason, that Japheth made a slave of Canaan? How is it that up to the year 1807, when the slave trade was abolished, the West Coast of Africa was made the hunting-ground for all the leading nations of Europe? What was it but the simple fulfilment of this prophecy, in which it was foretold47 that Japheth should make a slave of Canaan?
And now turn to the Eastern coast of Africa, and the present negotiations48 now going on in Egypt. One of the great difficulties of these negotiations arises from the horrors of the East African slave trade. There is an extensive trade in slaves being carried on at this very time all along the East Coast of Africa. There are gangs of miserable49 victims being driven at this very hour to the principal slave markets. And who are the p. 26great offenders50 in that most nefarious51 and wicked traffic? The Arabs, some still living in Arabia, and some settled in Egypt at the time of the great Arab invasion of the country. And who are the Arabs, and to which race do they belong? I believe it is agreed by all parties that they are Semitic, or from Shem. So that the result is that poor Canaan has been enslaved by both his brethren—on the west by Japheth, and on the east by Shem; and however deeply we deplore52 the woes53 of Africa, and however earnestly we should arise as one man to urge our rulers to use their powers to put down the accursed trade, we must look on the fact of its existence with reverent54 wonder, and learn from those miserable slave gangs a most solemn lesson as to the abiding55 truth of the prophecies of God.
(2.) But now let us turn to Shem, where we have a brighter prospect56; for on the mention of his name the prophet exclaims, “Blessed be the Lord God of Shem,” or rather, “Blessed be Jehovah, the God of Shem.” Now here we have not merely an act of praise, but a prophecy; for there is a clear prediction that Jehovah should be the God of Shem. Canaan and Japheth might worship devils and false gods, and bow down before man-made idols57; but the God of Shem should be Jehovah Himself, and Shem should be distinguished58 by the fact that Jehovah should be his God. And is not this precisely what has happened? Up to the time of our blessed Saviour59 what nation was there in the world that worshipped p. 27Jehovah except the seed of Abraham? It was the sacred calling of that family to stand out alone as witnesses before an apostate60 world to the great principle—“Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and Him only shalt thou serve.” It was Shem, and Shem alone, that worshipped the one self-existent, omnipotent61, omnipresent, and everlasting62 Jehovah.
The great prophecy, therefore, was most literally63 fulfilled in fact. But if we understand the name “Jehovah” as applied64 to the promised seed of the woman, the Saviour who was to come, the fulfilment is still more remarkable; for it was in the line of Shem that the Coming One appeared. No trouble is taken in the Scriptures to record the genealogies65 of either Ham or Japheth, and they terminate with two generations. But the sacred line of Shem is carefully preserved. We have every link given, from Adam to Abraham, and after that from Abraham to the Lord Jesus; so that if we thus understand the title Jehovah, the prophecy would mean, Blessed be the Coming One, the Lord Jesus, the Christ, the God of Shem; and we should see in it the prophecy that the coming deliverer, the deliverer promised to Eve, should arise out of the family of Shem, so that in him and his seed should all nations of the world be blessed. I need not stop to point out how exactly this prophecy was fulfilled in the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ about 2,300 years after it was spoken by Noah.
(3.) But now for Japheth.
The meaning of the name is generally considered to p. 28be “enlargement,” and the prophecy is that he should be enlarged. The meaning of this must be, that he should be gifted with what may be termed a spreading power. His great characteristic is to be expansion, or, the enlargement of his borders. Now think for one moment of Europe and Europeans. Think of Europe as the home of the sons of Japheth according to the Scriptures, or of the Aryans according to the men of science. And may we not appeal to any one who will take the trouble to look around the world at this present day, and ask whether this power of spreading is not one of the most peculiar67 and exceptional features of the European family? Ham and Shem are not spreading anywhere; but Japheth everywhere. Why, look at this little island of our own—one of the very least of the “isles of the Gentiles”—and see how its people have spread. Not only has it peopled the vast continent of America, but it possesses at this present time such a colonial empire that the sun never sets on the dominions68 of our Queen. Most truly and most remarkably69 in our own case has God enlarged Japheth, and so made England a “witness to the truth” of the prophecy which He gave through Noah no less than 4,000 years ago.
But there still remains70 that last clause, “He shall dwell in the tents of Shem,” and, as we ought never to speak too dogmatically respecting the prophetic Word, I am free to admit that it is not perfectly clear in what sense it should be understood.
It may refer to the spreading of the Europeans into p. 29all the nations of the world, and so dwelling71 in the tents of Shem; and if there were nothing more than our own settlements in foreign lands, there would be the most complete fulfilment of the prophecy.
But surely there is more. And especially there is one remarkable fulfilment, which I cannot help thinking must have been intended in the prophecy. Now let us remember that the Lord and His coming is the centre, or turning-point, of the whole prophetic Word. Let us not forget how we found that the prophecy respecting Shem appeared distinctly to foretell72 His advent73. Now when the predicted time came, and the promised Jehovah appeared, why did He not take His place on the throne of David, and why did He not reign21 in the tents of Shem? The Holy Land had all been given to Abraham, and belonged to the family of Shem; but when the Lord, the God of Shem, came, there was neither throne nor kingdom for Him, and He had not even where to lay His head. How could this be? And what had become of the royal throne? The answer is most remarkable. The Romans were on it, or, in prophetic words, Japheth was dwelling in the tents of Shem. The Romans were sons of Japheth, and by them the Lord, the God of Shem, was supplanted74 on His throne.
But, though that was a clear, literal, and most remarkable fulfilment of the prophecy, I cannot help thinking that in these words the Spirit of God referred to something higher. When St. James was speaking of p. 30the call of the Gentiles at what has been termed the council of Jerusalem, as recorded, Acts xv. 15, he quoted the words, “I will build again the tabernacle of David.” The conversion75 of the Gentiles was compared, therefore, to their admission into the tabernacle of David. And so the safety of the believer in the Lord Jesus Christ is compared by David himself to the shelter of God’s tabernacle, as, e.g., in Psalm xxvii. 5, where we read, “In the secret of his tabernacle shall he hide me.” Now, bearing in mind the great fact that Jehovah is the God of Shem, and that the predicted Redeemer came from Shem, may we not believe that the tent, or the tabernacle of Shem, was the prophetic figure of the safety provided in the promised Son of God? The word Shem means “name,” and there may be something in the passage not unlike those other words, “The name of the Lord is a strong tower; the righteous runneth into it, and is safe.” Now if the passage were so understood, it would lead to the conclusion that Japheth would shelter himself under the Jehovah of Shem, and so dwell, as it were, in his tent, or under his tabernacle. It would lead us to expect a salvation76 through the Jehovah of Shem, bestowed77 on Japheth in such a way that Japheth should become possessor of Shem’s inheritance.
Now if that view of the prophecy commend itself to your judgment78, remember that Noah spoke66 more than 4,000 years ago, and then look at the present position of the world. In what quarters of the globe do we find p. 31at this present time the most general recognition of the God of Shem? Which of the continents are most prominent in the honour paid to His name? Certainly neither Africa nor Asia; neither Ham nor even Shem itself. Beyond all controversy79 the two great Christian continents that are dwelling under Jehovah of Shem are the two peopled by Japheth; viz., Europe and America. Explain it as we may, the facts are most remarkable. The Lord Jesus Christ came from Shem, and, according to the language of scientific men, was Semitic, whereas by far the great majority of those who believe in His Name are from Japheth, or, according to men of science, Aryans. Shem has rejected its own Saviour; but Japheth has received Him, so that, under our own eyes, and at this present time, Japheth is dwelling in the tents of Shem. I know well how grievous a perversion80 of truth there is throughout Europe, and I do not for one moment maintain that the worship is pure; but still the name of Jehovah, the God of Shem, as manifested in the Lord Jesus Christ, is avowedly81 honoured, and we sons of Japheth are at this present moment abiding in His tent.
Now how are we to explain all this? How are we to explain the agreement between the conclusions of modern science and the historical fact of the threefold division which occurred more than 4,000 years ago? How again are we to account for the fulfilment of the prophetic Word? How do we explain the fact that, in exact accord with the prophecy, Canaan is the servant p. 32of servants; that it was from Shem that the Lord appeared; that Japheth is at this day remarkable for enlargement; and that we ourselves at this very moment are assembled to worship in the house of the God of Shem? It is impossible to believe that the book of Genesis was written to suit the conclusions of modern science; for these conclusions were utterly unknown at the time of its composition. It is impossible to believe that it is the result of design in our scientific men, for such an idea would indeed dishonour82 science. It is equally impossible to believe that the agreement was the result of chance or accident; for there are far too many points, both in the history and prophecy, to render such accidental coincidence possible. It is like a complicated lock which can only be opened by the key that was made to fit it. No; there is only one solution of the problem. As for the history, science agrees with it, and therefore confirms its truth; and as for the prophecy, it could have had its origin in no human calculation of the future; for how should Noah make any calculation respecting the state of this nineteenth century? But all is plain if we believe it to be inspired. He who inspired the prophecy, He saw the end from the beginning. He knew all, and by the lips of Noah he foretold what he foreknew; and thus we are brought to the conclusion, so plainly stated by St. Peter—“The prophecy came not in old time by the will of man; but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.”
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unlimited
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| adj.无限的，不受控制的，无条件的 | |
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dispersed
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scripture
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| n.经文，圣书，手稿；Scripture:(常用复数)《圣经》，《圣经》中的一段 | |
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scriptures
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| 经文，圣典( scripture的名词复数 )； 经典 | |
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secondly
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remarkable
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uncommon
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opposition
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attainments
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humbly
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variance
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testimony
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investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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investigators
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previously
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recording
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celebrated
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devoted
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missionary
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reign
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subscribed
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predecessors
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impetus
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skull
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scattered
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laborious
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descended
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supreme
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confirmation
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narrative
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precisely
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utterly
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mosaic
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migrations
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curiously
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ascertaining
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perfectly
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gateway
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psalm
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guilt
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inflicted
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bondage
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abject
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| adj.极可怜的，卑屈的 | |
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foretold
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negotiations
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miserable
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offenders
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nefarious
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deplore
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| vt.哀叹，对...深感遗憾 | |
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woes
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| 困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉 | |
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reverent
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| adj.恭敬的，虔诚的 | |
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abiding
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| adj.永久的，持久的，不变的 | |
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prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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idols
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| 偶像( idol的名词复数 )； 受崇拜的人或物； 受到热爱和崇拜的人或物； 神像 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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saviour
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| n.拯救者，救星 | |
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apostate
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| n.背叛者，变节者 | |
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omnipotent
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| adj.全能的，万能的 | |
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everlasting
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| adj.永恒的，持久的，无止境的 | |
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literally
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| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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genealogies
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| n.系谱，家系，宗谱( genealogy的名词复数 ) | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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dominions
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| 统治权( dominion的名词复数 )； 领土； 疆土； 版图 | |
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remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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foretell
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| v.预言，预告，预示 | |
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advent
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| n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临 | |
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supplanted
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| 把…排挤掉，取代( supplant的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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conversion
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| n.转化，转换，转变 | |
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salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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controversy
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| n.争论，辩论，争吵 | |
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perversion
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| n.曲解；堕落；反常 | |
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avowedly
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| adv.公然地 | |
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dishonour
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| n./vt.拒付（支票、汇票、票据等）；vt.凌辱，使丢脸；n.不名誉，耻辱，不光彩 | |
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