Several days passed, and the Indians, who had retired6 into the forest, did not return. The cottages of the Pilgrims, each man building his own, had now become habitable, and Monday and Tuesday, the weather being fair, they were busy digging the ground and sowing their garden seeds. On Wednesday morning, the 21st of March, Samoset was sent into the woods to ascertain7 why the Indians did not come back according to their promise. He had but just disappeared in the forest when two savages, in war costume and thoroughly8 armed, appeared upon the hill, on the other side of Town Brook9—the same eminence10 upon which the two Indians had appeared on the 17th of February—and brandishing11 their weapons, with every demonstration12 of hostility13, seemed to bid the118 new-comers defiance14. This was probably one of the acts in their drama of incantation.
Captain Standish, who was ever prompt to assume any office of danger, took a companion with him and advanced to meet the challengers. They both took their muskets15, but carefully avoided any attitude of menace. Two other Pilgrims followed, at a little distance, also with their muskets, to render aid should there be any rush of the Indians from an ambush16. But before Captain Standish had arrived within arrow-shot of the natives they both turned, as before, and fled.
In consequence of sickness and the imperfect accommodations on the shore, several of the Pilgrim company had thus far remained on board the Mayflower. To-day, however, the shallop brought them all to the land, and their colonizing17 became complete. One-half of the crew of the ship had already died; and so many of the remainder were enfeebled by sickness that Captain Jones did not deem it safe to undertake his return voyage in so crippled a condition. A month passed before the sick and his diminished crew were so far recovered as to allow him to venture to set sail.
The sun of Thursday morning, with healing in its beams, rose bright and warm over the busy little village of the exiles. The dreary18 winter had manifestly119 passed. The sick were generally recovering, and there was presented a very cheering scene of peace, industry and happiness. At noon all the men had met upon some public business, when, in the midst of their deliberations, they saw Samoset returning, accompanied by three other Indians. The name of one was Squantum, and it was said that he was the only surviving member of the Patuxat tribe, who had formerly19 occupied the territory upon which the Pilgrims had now settled.
His story, undoubtedly20 truthful21, was that he was one of the men whom Captain Hunt had so infamously22 kidnapped. He had been carried to Spain and sold there as a slave. A humane23 Englishman, whose name we love to perpetuate24, Mr. John Slaney, chanced to meet the poor fugitive25. He liberated26 him, took him to England, and treated him with that truly fraternal kindness which Christianity enjoins28 upon all men. At length he had an opportunity to send Squantum back to his native land.
Good deeds and bad deeds ever bear their corresponding fruit. As the treachery of the miserable29 Hunt caused the hostility of the Indians, the massacre30 of the shipwrecked Frenchmen, and the attack at the First Encounter, so did the brotherly kindness of good John Slaney secure for the Pilgrims, in their hour of need, a permanent and influential31 friend.120 Squantum, forgetting the outrage32 of the knave33 who had kidnapped him, remembered only the kindness of his benefactor34. His residence in England had rendered him quite familiar with the English language, and he became invaluable35 to the Pilgrims as an interpreter. He attached himself cordially to them, and taught them many things of great value in their new life in the wilderness36. And when, after many years, he died, the good old man was heard praying that God would take him to the heaven of the white men.
Squantum had joined the powerful tribe of the Wampanoags, his own tribe having become extinct. These Indians brought with them a few skins to sell, and some dried red herrings; and they also announced the rather startling intelligence that their great Sagamore, or King Massasoit, accompanied by his brother Quadequina and a retinue37 of sixty warriors, was near at hand to pay the Pilgrims a friendly visit.
After the lapse38 of an hour Massasoit appeared on the top of Watson’s Hill with his plumed39 warriors. From that eminence, distant about a quarter of a mile, they had a perfect view of the little village, and were conspicuously40 exposed to the view of the Pilgrims. Under the circumstances, knowing not what might be the treachery of the Indians, Captain Standish did not deem it safe to allow so powerful a band121 of armed savages to enter the village, or to allow any considerable band of his weak force to withdraw from behind the intrenchments which they had reared, and to go out to meet the royal retinue. Neither did Massasoit deem it prudent41 to place himself in the power of the white men, whom the treachery of Hunt had caused him to dread42.
After several messages had passed to and fro between the two parties, through Squantum, their interpreter, Massasoit, who, though unlettered, proved himself to be a man of much sagacity, proposed that the Pilgrims should send one of their men to his encampment to communicate to him their designs in settling upon lands which had belonged to one of his vassal43 tribes. Mr. Edward Winslow consented to go upon this important and somewhat hazardous44 mission. He took, as a present to the barbarian monarch45, two skins and a copper46 necklace, with a jewel attached to it. He also took to Quadequina a knife, an ear-ring, consisting of a pendent jewel, some biscuit and butter, and, we are sorry to add, a jug47 of rum; but those were the days of ignorance which God winked48 at.
Mr. Winslow, accompanied by Squantum, as his interpreter, crossed the brook, ascended49 Watson’s Hill, and presented himself before the Indian chief. “Our messenger,” writes Mourt, “made a speech122 unto him, that King James saluted50 him with words of love and peace, and did accept him as his friend and ally; and that our Governor desired to see him, and to truck with him, and to confirm a peace with him, as his next neighbor.”
Massasoit listened attentively52 to the speech, as communicated to him by the interpreter, and seemed much pleased with it. In token of amity53, they had a little feast together. Massasoit seemed much impressed with the long and glittering sword which hung by the side of Mr. Winslow, and expressed a strong desire to purchase it; but Mr. Winslow could not consent to part with the weapon.
After a pleasant and very friendly interview, Massasoit, cautiously leaving Mr. Winslow as a hostage in the custody54 of his brother Quadequina, came down to the brook with twenty men, as his retinue, all unarmed. Six of them were sent into the village, as hostages in exchange for Mr. Winslow.
Then Captain Standish, with one companion, probably Mr. Thomas Williams, and followed by half a dozen musketeers, advanced to the brook to meet the royal guest and to escort him, with all due honor, to the presence of their Governor. A salute51 of six muskets was fired, and the monarch with his Indian band was led to an unfinished house which had been hastily decorated for their reception. It was deemed123 important to arrange something of an imposing55 pageant56 to impress the minds of their barbarian visitors. Two or three cushions were laid down, covered with a green carpet, as seats for the Indian chief and for the Governor in this important interview. As soon as Massasoit was seated the music of drums and of a trumpet57 was heard, and Governor Carver, with a suitable retinue, entered. Gracefully58 he took the hand of Massasoit and kissed it. In accordance with the mistaken views of hospitality in those days, ardent59 spirits were brought forward to regale60 the guests. This was probably the first time Massasoit had ever seen the accursed liquid, and he was entirely61 unacquainted with its fiery62 nature. The Indian chieftain, deeming it a part of politeness to partake generously of the entertainment provided for him, when the goblet63 was presented, “drunk a great draft which made him sweat all the while after.”
Massasoit was a remarkable64 man. He was of majestic65 stature66, in the prime of life, of grave and stately demeanor67, reserved in speech, and ever proving faithful to all his obligations. He wore a chain of white bone beads68 about his neck, and a little bag of tobacco, from which he smoked himself and presented to Governor Carver to smoke. His face was painted of a deep red color, and his hair and face so oiled as to present a very glossy69 appearance. His124 followers70 were also all painted, in various styles and of various colors. Some were partially71 clothed in skins, others were nearly naked. They were all tall, powerful men. After much friendly deliberation, the Governor and Massasoit entered into the following very simple, but comprehensive treaty of peace and alliance:
1. The Sagamore pledged himself that none of his men should do any harm to the Pilgrims; and that, if any harm were done, the offender72 should be sent to them that they might punish them.
2. That, if any property belonging to the white men should be taken away, it should be restored, Governor Carver agreeing to the same in reference to his party.
3. The Governor agreed that if any Indian tribe should wage an unjust war against Massasoit, he would help him; Massasoit agreeing in the same way to aid the Pilgrims, should they be assailed73.
4. Massasoit pledged himself to send word to all his confederate tribes that he had entered into this alliance with the white men, and to enjoin27 its faithful observance upon them.
5. Finally, it was agreed that whenever any of the Indians visited the settlement of the white men, they should leave their arms behind them. The Pilgrims were also bound always to go unarmed whenever they should visit the residence of the Indian chief.
125 As evening approached, Massasoit and his followers withdrew. The Governor accompanied him to the brook, where they embraced and separated. The six Indian hostages were retained until Mr. Winslow should be returned. But soon word was brought that Quadequina wished to make them a short visit. He soon appeared, with quite a troop around him. He was a young man, tall, modest and gentlemanly. He was also conducted, with music of drum and fife, to the Governor. He seemed very much afraid of the muskets; and to calm his manifest fears they were laid aside. After a short interview he returned to the hill, and Mr. Winslow came back to the camp. The Indian hostages were also then released. The scenes of the day had inspired them with so much confidence in the Pilgrims that two of them wished to remain all night. But Captain Standish did not deem it prudent to grant their request.
Samoset and Squantum remained with the Pilgrims. Massasoit withdrew his party from the hill, about half a mile south into the forest, and there they encamped for the night. Their wives and children were with them there. During the night both parties kept up a vigilant74 watch, for neither had, as yet, full confidence in the other. In the morning several of the Indians came into the settlement, according to their agreement, unarmed. They said that in a few126 days they should come to the other side of the brook and plant corn, and remain there with their families all summer. The king sent an invitation to have some of the Pilgrims visit him.
“Captain Standish and Israel Alderton,” writes Mourt, “went venturously, who were welcomed of him after their manner. He gave them three or four ground nuts and some tobacco. We cannot yet conceive but that he is willing to have peace with us; for they have seen our people sometimes alone, two or three in the woods, at work and fowling75, when they offered them no harm, as they might easily have done, and especially as he has a potent76 adversary77 in the Narragansets, that are at war with him, against whom he thinks we may be some strength to him, for our pieces are terrible unto them.”
The English visitors remained in the encampment of Massasoit until about eleven o’clock. Governor Carver sent by them to the chief a kettleful of peas, which the Indians seemed to regard as truly a princely gift. The next day, Friday, it was again pleasant. Squantum, who with Samoset, still remained with the Pilgrims, went to a neighboring creek78, since appropriately called Eel79 River, and at night came home with as many eels80 as he could carry. “They were fat and sweet. He trod them out with his feet, and so caught them with his hands, without any other instrument.”127 In a comparatively recent history of Plymouth, it is stated that a hundred and fifty barrels of eels are annually81 taken from that creek. The Pilgrims on that day held a general meeting, to conclude some military arrangements, to enact82 certain needful laws, and to choose a Governor for the year. The choice fell, with apparently83 great unanimity84, upon the then incumbent85, Mr. John Carver.
In Young’s Chronicle of the Pilgrims we find a note containing the following statement: “It will be recollected86 that Carver had been chosen Governor on the 11th of November, the same day on which the Compact was signed. It was now the 23d of March, and the new year commencing on the 25th, according to the calendar then in use, Carver was re-elected for the ensuing year.”
Pleasant summer days now came, and glided87 rapidly away, with nothing occurring of essential importance. Friendly relations were established with the Indians, and the affairs of the colony seemed as prosperous as, under the circumstances, could be expected. On the 5th of April the Mayflower weighed anchor and set sail on her return voyage to England. She had but one-half of the crew with which she had sailed from Old Plymouth. The rest had fallen victims to the winter’s sickness. It is remarkable that, notwithstanding the hardships to which the Pilgrims128 were exposed, not one was disposed to abandon the enterprise and return in the ship. When the Mayflower left, there remained in the colony but fifty-five persons. Of these, nineteen only were men. The remaining thirty-six were women, children and servants.
Scarcely had the ship disappeared over the distant horizon, ere Governor Carver, “oppressed by his great care and pains for the common good,” on one hot April noon returned from the field, complaining of a severe pain in his head, probably caused by a sunstroke. He soon became delirious90, and, in a few days, died. It was a severe loss to the colony, and they mourned over him with great lamentation91 and heaviness. He was buried with all the imposing ceremonies of sorrow which the feeble colony could arrange. His wife, overwhelmed with grief in view of her terrible loss, in a few weeks followed her husband to the grave. Soon after, Mr. William Bradford, who was then in a state of great debility from his recent sickness, was chosen his successor.
The settlers, having no animals to draw the plough, were laboriously92 opening the ground near their dwellings94 with the spade. Six acres they sowed with barley95 and peas. Fortunately they had ten bushels of corn for seed. With this they planted twenty acres, Squantum showing them how to plant and hill it.129 Berries were found in abundance in the woods, as the season advanced, and a very grateful supply of grapes.
Mr. Palfrey, in his admirable History of New England, writes very pleasantly, “A visitor to Plymouth during this summer, as he landed, on the southern side of a high bluff96, would have seen, standing89 between it and a rapid little stream, a rude house of logs, twenty feet square, containing the common property of the plantation97. Proceeding98 up a gentle declivity99, between two rows of log cabins, nineteen in number, some of them, perhaps, vacant since the death of their first tenants100, he would have come to a hill surmounted101 with a platform for cannon102. He might have counted twenty men at work with hoes, in the enclosures about the huts, or fishing in the shallow harbor, or visiting the woods or beach for game; while six or eight women were busy in household affairs, and some twenty children, from infancy103 upwards104, completed the domestic picture.”
All fears of famine seem now to have passed away. In addition to the stores which they brought with them they had an abundant supply of fish, wild fowls105 and native fruits. On the 18th of June two of the servants of Mr. Hopkins undertook to fight a duel106 with sword and dagger107. Both were wounded. The Pilgrims met in a body to adjudge the penalty for so serious an offense108. They were sentenced to be tied130 together, by their head and feet, and thus to lie twenty-four hours, without meat or drink. The punishment was begun to be inflicted109, “But within an hour, because of their great pains, at their own and their master’s humble110 request, upon promise of better carriage, they are released by the Governor.”
Early in July, Governor Bradford decided111 to send a deputation to visit Massasoit. There were several objects he wished to accomplish by this mission. First, it was desirable to ascertain where he lived and what his strength was. He also wished to honor Massasoit by paying him a friendly visit. Another consideration of no little importance which influenced him was, that vagabond Indians were increasingly in the habit of coming with their wives and children, loitering about the village to the great annoyance112 of the settlers, and clamoring for food, which they devoured113 with the voracity114 of famished115 wolves.
Mr. Winslow and Mr. Hopkins, accompanied by Squantum as their interpreter, were appointed for this important mission. Mr. Winslow has transmitted to us a minute account of the interesting adventure. They left the village, probably on Tuesday morning, July 3d, bearing the following message to Massasoit, with the present of a brilliant horseman’s coat, of red cotton, gaudily116 laced.
“Inasmuch as your subjects come often and without131 fear, upon all occasions amongst us, so we are now come unto you. In witness of the love and good will the English bear you, our Governor has sent you a coat, desiring that the peace and amity between us may be continued; not that we fear you, but because we intend not to injure any one, desiring to live peaceably, as with all men, so especially with you our nearest neighbors.
“But whereas your people come very often, and very many together, unto us, bringing for the most part their wives and children with them, they are welcome. Yet we being but strangers, as yet, at Patuxet, or New Plymouth, and not knowing how our corn may prosper88, can no longer give them such entertainment as we have done, and as we desire still to do. Yet if you will be pleased to come yourself, or any special friend of yours desires to see us, coming from you, they shall be welcome.
“And to the end that we may know them from others, our Governor has sent you a copper chain, desiring that if any messenger should come from you to us, we may know him by his bringing it with him, and may give credit to his message accordingly.”
They then added the following, which we record with pleasure, as showing the conscientiousness117 of these remarkable men:
“At our first arrival at Paomet, called by us Cape132 Cod118, we found there corn buried in the ground, and finding no inhabitants, but some graves of the dead newly buried, took the corn, resolving that if ever we could hear of any that had right thereunto, to make satisfaction to the full for it. Yet since we understand the owners thereof had fled, for fear of us, our desire is either to pay them with the like quantity of corn, or with English meal, or any other commodities we have, which they may desire. We request that some of your men may signify so much unto them, and we will content him for his pains.
“Last of all, our Governor requested one favor of him, which was that he would exchange some of their corn for seed, with us, that we might make trial which was best agreed with the soil where we live.”
It was a warm and sunny day when the two Pilgrims, with their Indian guide, set out on their adventurous119 journey through the forest. The Indians, in their movements from place to place, however numerous the party, always went, with moccasined feet, in single file, one following after the other. The forests were threaded with many of these narrow paths, or trails, which had thus been trodden by them through countless120 generations. These paths were as well known by them, and almost as distinctly marked, as the paved roads of the Old World which had resounded121 with the tramp of the Roman legions. Indian instinct133 had, ages ago, selected these routes, often through glooms which no rays of the sun ever penetrated122, and again through scenes of marvellous picturesque123 beauty, beneath frowning mountains, along the margin124 of crystal lakes, and upon the banks of sparkling rivulets125.
Much to the annoyance of the two Pilgrims appointed upon this mission a party of ten or twelve lazy Indians, men, women and children, uninvited, persistently126 tagged after them, often very vexatiously intrusive127, and ever clamorous128 to share their food.
The first day they travelled about fifteen miles, to an Indian village called Namasket. It was situated129 upon a branch of what is now called the Taunton River, within the limits of the present town of Middleborough.
“Thither we came,” writes Mr. Winslow, “about three o’clock after noon; the inhabitants entertaining us with joy, in the best manner they could, giving us a kind of bread called by them maizium,12 and the spawn130 of shads, which they then got in abundance, insomuch that they gave us spoons to eat them. With these they boiled musty acorns131; but of the shads we ate heartily132.”
These Indians had probably all heard of the wonderful134 power of the muskets of the white men, though, perhaps, none of them had ever seen the effects accomplished133 by powder and ball. The crows troubled their corn fields, and it was almost impossible for the Indians to get near enough to these wary134 animals to hit them with the arrow. They begged their guests to show them the power of their guns by shooting some of these crows. There was one upon a tree at the distance of about two hundred and forty feet. With intense interest the Indians watched as they saw one of the Pilgrims take deliberate aim at the bird, and when they heard the report, and saw the bird fall dead, struck by an invisible shaft135, their astonishment136 passed all bounds. Several crows were thus shot, exciting the admiration137 and awe138 of all the savage2 beholders.
As Squantum told the Pilgrims that it was more than a day’s journey from Namasket to Pokanoket, or Mount Hope, where Massasoit resided, and that there was a good place to pass the night about eight miles further on their way, they decided to resume their journey. About sunset they reached a small group of Indians at a place now called Titicut, on Taunton River, in the northwest part of Middleborough, adjoining Bridgewater.
Here quite an attractive region presented itself to their eyes. The land on both sides of the river had135 long been cleared, being entirely free from trees or stumps140, and had evidently waved with cornfields. There were many indications that the place had formerly been quite thickly inhabited. The plague, of which we have spoken, it is said, had swept every individual into the grave. A few wandering outcast Indians had come to this depopulated region to take fish. By means of a wear in the river, which consisted of a sort of net or fence, constructed of branches of trees and twigs141, they caught an abundance of bass142. They had not erected143 any shelter for themselves, but were sleeping, like the cattle, in the open air. These wretched savages had no food but fish and roasted acorns. Very greedily they partook of the stores which the Pilgrims brought with them. Liberally they were fed, “we not doubting,” writes Mr. Winslow, “but that we should have enough where’er we came.”
The Pilgrims lodged144 that night in the open fields. The next morning, at an early hour, after such frugal145 breakfast as the occasion could furnish, they set out again upon their journey. Six savages followed them. Having travelled about six miles, following down the banks of the river, they came to a shoal place, where the stream could be forded. This was undoubtedly at a spot now called Squabetty, three and a half miles from Taunton Green.
136 “Here,” writes Mr. Winslow, “let me not forget the valor146 and courage of some of the savages on the opposite side of the river; for there were remaining alive only two men, both aged147, especially the one being about threescore. These two, espying148 a company of men entering the river, ran very swiftly, and low in the grass, to meet us at the bank, where, with shrill149 voices and great courage, standing, they charged upon us with their bows, demanding who we were, supposing us to be enemies, and thinking to take advantage of us in the water. But seeing we were friends, they welcomed us with such food as they had, and we bestowed150 a small bracelet151 of beads upon them.”
Here, after refreshing152 themselves, they continued their journey down the western banks of the river. It was a very sultry July day, but the country was beautiful, and abundantly watered with innumerable small streams, and cool, bubbling springs. The savages would never drink of the flowing brooks153, but only at the spring heads. Very pleasantly Mr. Winslow writes in reference to the amiability154 and obliging disposition155 of these savages:
“When we came to any brook where no bridge was, two of them desired to carry us through, of their own accord. Also, fearing that we were or would be weary, they offered to carry our pieces. If we would lay off any of our clothes, we should have them carried.137 And as the one of them had found more special kindness from one of the messengers, and the other savage from the other, so they showed their thankfulness accordingly, in affording us all help and furtherance in the journey.”
It was very manifest to the travellers, as we have said, that they were passing through a country which once had been crowded with a population which but recently had been swept away. There were widely extended fields, which had formerly been planted with corn, where there was then to be seen but a rank growth of weeds, higher than a man’s head. The region was pleasantly diversified157 with hills and plains, often presenting extended forests of the most valuable timber. It was a very noticeable and beautiful feature in these forests, that they were entirely free of underbrush, presenting the aspect of the most carefully-trimmed English park. Mr. Wood, who visited this region in year 1633, writes:
“Whereas it is generally conceived that the woods grow so thick that there is no more clear ground than is hewed158 out by labor93 of men, it is nothing so; in many places divers156 acres being clear, so that one may ride a hunting in most places of the land. There is no underwood, saving in swamps and low grounds; for, it being the custom of the Indians to burn the woods in November, when the grass is withered159 and leaves138 dried, consumes all the underwood and rubbish, which otherwise would overgrow the country, making it impassable, and spoil their much-affected hunting. So that in these places there is scarce a bush or bramble or any cumbersome160 underwood to be seen in the more champaign ground.”
Hour after hour they journeyed on through these lonely fields, without meeting an individual. At length one solitary161 Indian was espied162 in the distance. The Indians, who accompanied the Pilgrims, seemed much alarmed, from fear that he might be one of the Narraganset tribe, with whom Massasoit was then at war, and that there might be more of the Narragansets near at hand. The Pilgrims, however, bade them not to fear, assuring them that, with their guns, they should not hesitate to meet twenty of the foe163. The savage was hailed. He proved to be a friend, having two women with him. The two parties interchanged courtesies, ate and drank together, and separated, well pleased with each other.
Soon after this they met another Indian, also accompanied by two women. They had been at a rendezvous164, by a salt water creek, and had some baskets full of roasted crabs165 and other small shell-fish. They, also, in oriental fashion, ate and drank together, in token of friendship. The women were made very happy by a present each of a string of beads, as brilliant139 in their eyes as the priceless jewels of the crown to any European queen. “There is but one step between the sublime166 and the ridiculous.” The step is equally short between the court-dress of an European monarch and his jeweled queen, and that of the feathered Indian warrior3 and his beaded squaw.
Continuing their journey, they soon reached one of the small towns of Massasoit. This was probably Mattapoiset, now known as Gardner’s Neck, in Swansey. They were hospitably167 received here, and fed with oysters168 and other fish.
The latter part of the afternoon they reached Pokanoket, on the northern shore of Narraganset Bay. The capital of the Indian monarch, which they had thus entered, was about forty miles from Plymouth. The spot where the little cluster of wigwams stood, was probably Sowams, in the present town of Warren. We cannot better describe the interview which took place, than in the language of Mr. Winslow:
“Massasoit was not at home. There we stayed, he being sent for. When news was brought of his coming, our guide, Squantum, requested that, at our meeting, we would discharge our pieces. But one of us going about to discharge his piece, the women and children, through fear to see him take up his piece, ran away, and could not be pacified169 till he laid it down140 again; who afterwards were better informed by our interpreter.
“Massasoit being come, we discharged our pieces and saluted him; who, after their manner, kindly170 welcomed us, and took us into his house and set us down by him; where, having delivered our foresaid message and presents, and having put the coat on his back, and the chain about his neck, he was not a little proud to behold139 himself, as were his men also, to see their king so bravely attired171.
“In answer to our message, he told us we were welcome, and he would gladly continue that peace and friendship which was between him and us. As for his men, they should no longer pester172 us as they had done. He would also send us corn for seed, according to our request.
“This being done, his men gathered near to him, to whom he turned himself and made a great speech; they sometimes interposing, and, as it were, confirming and applauding him in that he said.”
In this harangue173 the king enumerated174 thirty towns or villages over which his sovereignty was recognized; and enjoined175 it upon his people ever to live in peace with the white men, and to carry to them furs for sale.
“This being ended he lighted tobacco for us, and fell to discoursing176 of England and of the King’s Majesty,141 marvelling177 that he would live without a wife.13 Also he talked of the Frenchmen, bidding us not to suffer them to come to Narraganset, for it was King James’s country, and he was King James’s man. Late it grew, but victuals178 he offered us none; for, indeed, he had not any, he being so newly come home. So we desired to go to rest. He laid us on the bed with himself and his wife, they at the one end and we at the other, it being only planks179 laid a foot from the ground, and a thin mat upon them. Two more of his chief men, for want of room, pressed by and upon us, so that we were worse weary of our lodging180 than of our journey.
“The next day being Thursday, many of their sachems, or petty governors, came to see us, and many of their men also. There they went to their manner of games for skins and knives. We challenged them to shoot with us for skins, but they durst not; only they desired one of us to shoot at a mark, who, shooting with hail-shot, they wondered to see the mark so full of holes.
“About one o’clock Massasoit brought two fishes that he had shot. They were like bream, but three times as big, and better meat.14 These, being boiled,142 there were at least forty looked for share in them. The most ate of them. This meal only we had in two nights and a day. And had not one of us bought a partridge we had taken our journey fasting.
“Very importunate181 he was to have us stay with him longer. But we desired to keep the Sabbath at home, and feared that we should either be lightheaded for want of sleep, for what with bad lodging, the savage’s barbarious singing, for they use to sing themselves asleep, lice and fleas182 within doors, and mosquitoes without, we could hardly sleep all of the time of our being there; we much fearing that if we should stay any longer we should not be able to recover home for want of strength. So that on Friday morning, before sun-rising, we took our leave and departed, Massasoit being both grieved and ashamed that he could no better entertain us.”
Their journey home was a weary one. They commenced it hungry, and without any supply of food for the way. Squantum and five other Indians accompanied them, who were accustomed to the hardships of the wilderness, and knew how to obtain food if there were roots or berries, game or fish anywhere within reach. When they arrived at Mattapoiset, the friendly but half-starved Indians there refreshed them with a small fish, a handful of parched183 corn, and a few clams184. The clams they gave to their six Indians, reserving143 for themselves only the little fish and the handful of meal, which by no means satiated their craving185 appetites. The Indians led them five miles out of their way, with the hope of obtaining food, but they found the place abandoned and no food there.
Hungry and weary they toiled186 along, and that night reached the wear at Titicut, on Taunton River. Here again they found famine. But one of the hospitable187 savages, who had speared a shad, and shot a small squirrel, gave half to the nearly famished travellers. In this starving condition they sent one of the Indians forward to Plymouth, imploring188 their brethren immediately to send an Indian runner to meet them at Namasket with food. Fortunately that evening a large number of fishes were caught in the wear, so that they feasted abundantly upon roasted fish, and their fatigue189 enabled them to sleep soundly in the open air. In the morning, after another ample breakfast of roasted fish, which their good appetites rendered palatable190, they set out again upon their journey.
About two o’clock in the morning it had commenced raining with great violence, accompanied with thunder and lightning. The fire which the Pilgrims had built to keep their feet warm was extinguished, and, drenched191 with the rain and shivering with cold, they must have suffered severely192 had not their great144 fatigue rendered them almost insensible to the exposure. The storm of wind and rain raged unabated through the day. But they toiled on, wet and weary, until, a little after noon, they reached Namasket. Here they found the provisions which their companions had sent them from Plymouth. Liberally they rewarded all who had shown them any kindness by the way. At night they reached home, wet, weary and footsore. They had been absent five days, leaving Plymouth Tuesday morning, and returning home Saturday evening, having spent Thursday with the renowned193 Indian monarch Massasoit.
STANDISH HOUSE, STILL STANDING.
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1
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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barbarian
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| n.野蛮人；adj.野蛮(人)的；未开化的 | |
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retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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7
ascertain
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| vt.发现，确定，查明，弄清 | |
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8
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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9
brook
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| n.小河，溪；v.忍受，容让 | |
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10
eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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11
brandishing
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| v.挥舞( brandish的现在分词 )；炫耀 | |
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12
demonstration
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| n.表明，示范，论证，示威 | |
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13
hostility
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| n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争 | |
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defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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muskets
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| n.火枪，（尤指）滑膛枪( musket的名词复数 ) | |
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ambush
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| n.埋伏(地点)；伏兵；v.埋伏；伏击 | |
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17
colonizing
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| v.开拓殖民地，移民于殖民地( colonize的现在分词 ) | |
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18
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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19
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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20
undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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21
truthful
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| adj.真实的，说实话的，诚实的 | |
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infamously
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| 不名誉地 | |
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23
humane
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| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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24
perpetuate
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| v.使永存，使永记不忘 | |
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25
fugitive
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| adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者 | |
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liberated
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| a.无拘束的，放纵的 | |
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27
enjoin
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| v.命令；吩咐；禁止 | |
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enjoins
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| v.命令( enjoin的第三人称单数 ) | |
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29
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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31
influential
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| adj.有影响的，有权势的 | |
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32
outrage
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| n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒 | |
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33
knave
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| n.流氓；（纸牌中的）杰克 | |
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34
benefactor
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| n. 恩人，行善的人，捐助人 | |
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35
invaluable
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| adj.无价的，非常宝贵的，极为贵重的 | |
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36
wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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37
retinue
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| n.侍从；随员 | |
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38
lapse
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| n.过失，流逝，失效，抛弃信仰，间隔；vi.堕落，停止，失效，流逝；vt.使失效 | |
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39
plumed
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| 饰有羽毛的 | |
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40
conspicuously
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| ad.明显地，惹人注目地 | |
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41
prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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42
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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43
vassal
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| n.附庸的；属下；adj.奴仆的 | |
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44
hazardous
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| adj.(有)危险的，冒险的；碰运气的 | |
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45
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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46
copper
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| n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的 | |
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47
jug
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| n.(有柄，小口，可盛水等的)大壶，罐，盂 | |
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48
winked
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| v.使眼色( wink的过去式和过去分词 )；递眼色（表示友好或高兴等）；（指光）闪烁；闪亮 | |
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49
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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50
saluted
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| v.欢迎，致敬( salute的过去式和过去分词 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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51
salute
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| vi.行礼，致意，问候，放礼炮；vt.向…致意，迎接，赞扬；n.招呼，敬礼，礼炮 | |
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52
attentively
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| adv.聚精会神地；周到地；谛；凝神 | |
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53
amity
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| n.友好关系 | |
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54
custody
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| n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留 | |
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55
imposing
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| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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56
pageant
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| n.壮观的游行；露天历史剧 | |
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57
trumpet
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| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
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58
gracefully
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| ad.大大方方地；优美地 | |
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59
ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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60
regale
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| v.取悦，款待 | |
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61
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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62
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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63
goblet
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| n.高脚酒杯 | |
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64
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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65
majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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66
stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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67
demeanor
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| n.行为；风度 | |
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68
beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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69
glossy
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| adj.平滑的；有光泽的 | |
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70
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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71
partially
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| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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72
offender
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| n.冒犯者，违反者，犯罪者 | |
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73
assailed
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| v.攻击( assail的过去式和过去分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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74
vigilant
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| adj.警觉的，警戒的，警惕的 | |
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75
fowling
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| 捕鸟，打鸟 | |
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76
potent
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| adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的 | |
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77
adversary
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| adj.敌手，对手 | |
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78
creek
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| n.小溪，小河，小湾 | |
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79
eel
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| n.鳗鲡 | |
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80
eels
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| abbr. 电子发射器定位系统（=electronic emitter location system） | |
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81
annually
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| adv.一年一次，每年 | |
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82
enact
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| vt.制定(法律)；上演，扮演 | |
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83
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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84
unanimity
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| n.全体一致，一致同意 | |
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85
incumbent
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| adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的 | |
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86
recollected
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| adj.冷静的；镇定的；被回忆起的；沉思默想的v.记起，想起( recollect的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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87
glided
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| v.滑动( glide的过去式和过去分词 )；掠过；（鸟或飞机 ） 滑翔 | |
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88
prosper
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| v.成功，兴隆，昌盛；使成功，使昌隆，繁荣 | |
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89
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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90
delirious
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| adj.不省人事的，神智昏迷的 | |
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91
lamentation
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| n.悲叹，哀悼 | |
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92
laboriously
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| adv.艰苦地；费力地；辛勤地；（文体等）佶屈聱牙地 | |
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93
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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94
dwellings
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| n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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95
barley
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| n.大麦，大麦粒 | |
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96
bluff
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| v.虚张声势，用假象骗人；n.虚张声势，欺骗 | |
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plantation
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| n.种植园，大农场 | |
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proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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declivity
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| n.下坡，倾斜面 | |
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100
tenants
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| n.房客( tenant的名词复数 )；佃户；占用者；占有者 | |
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101
surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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102
cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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103
infancy
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| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
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104
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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105
fowls
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| 鸟( fowl的名词复数 )； 禽肉； 既不是这； 非驴非马 | |
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106
duel
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| n./v.决斗；(双方的)斗争 | |
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107
dagger
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| n.匕首，短剑，剑号 | |
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108
offense
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| n.犯规，违法行为；冒犯，得罪 | |
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109
inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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110
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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111
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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112
annoyance
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| n.恼怒，生气，烦恼 | |
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113
devoured
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| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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114
voracity
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| n.贪食，贪婪 | |
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115
famished
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| adj.饥饿的 | |
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116
gaudily
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| adv.俗丽地 | |
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117
conscientiousness
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| 责任心 | |
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118
cod
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| n.鳕鱼；v.愚弄；哄骗 | |
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119
adventurous
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| adj.爱冒险的；惊心动魄的，惊险的，刺激的 | |
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120
countless
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| adj.无数的，多得不计其数的 | |
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121
resounded
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| v.（指声音等）回荡于某处( resound的过去式和过去分词 )；产生回响；（指某处）回荡着声音 | |
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122
penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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123
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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margin
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| n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘 | |
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125
rivulets
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| n.小河，小溪( rivulet的名词复数 ) | |
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126
persistently
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| ad.坚持地；固执地 | |
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127
intrusive
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| adj.打搅的；侵扰的 | |
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128
clamorous
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| adj.吵闹的，喧哗的 | |
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129
situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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130
spawn
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| n.卵，产物，后代，结果；vt.产卵，种菌丝于，产生，造成；vi.产卵，大量生产 | |
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131
acorns
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| n.橡子，栎实( acorn的名词复数 ) | |
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132
heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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133
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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134
wary
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| adj.谨慎的，机警的，小心的 | |
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135
shaft
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| n.(工具的)柄，杆状物 | |
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136
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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137
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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138
awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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139
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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140
stumps
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| （被砍下的树的）树桩( stump的名词复数 )； 残肢； （板球三柱门的）柱； 残余部分 | |
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141
twigs
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| 细枝，嫩枝( twig的名词复数 ) | |
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142
bass
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| n.男低音(歌手)；低音乐器；低音大提琴 | |
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143
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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lodged
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| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
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145
frugal
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| adj.节俭的，节约的，少量的，微量的 | |
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146
valor
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| n.勇气，英勇 | |
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147
aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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148
espying
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| v.看到( espy的现在分词 ) | |
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149
shrill
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| adj.尖声的；刺耳的；v尖叫 | |
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150
bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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151
bracelet
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| n.手镯，臂镯 | |
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152
refreshing
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| adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的 | |
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153
brooks
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| n.小溪( brook的名词复数 ) | |
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154
amiability
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| n.和蔼可亲的，亲切的，友善的 | |
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155
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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156
divers
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| adj.不同的；种种的 | |
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157
diversified
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| adj.多样化的，多种经营的v.使多样化，多样化( diversify的过去式和过去分词 )；进入新的商业领域 | |
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158
hewed
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| v.（用斧、刀等）砍、劈( hew的过去式和过去分词 )；砍成；劈出；开辟 | |
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159
withered
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| adj. 枯萎的，干瘪的，（人身体的部分器官）因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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160
cumbersome
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| adj.笨重的，不便携带的 | |
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161
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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espied
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| v.看到( espy的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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163
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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164
rendezvous
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| n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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165
crabs
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| n.蟹( crab的名词复数 )；阴虱寄生病；蟹肉v.捕蟹( crab的第三人称单数 ) | |
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166
sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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167
hospitably
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| 亲切地，招待周到地，善于款待地 | |
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168
oysters
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| 牡蛎( oyster的名词复数 ) | |
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169
pacified
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| 使（某人）安静( pacify的过去式和过去分词 )； 息怒； 抚慰； 在（有战争的地区、国家等）实现和平 | |
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170
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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171
attired
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| adj.穿着整齐的v.使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装( attire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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172
pester
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| v.纠缠，强求 | |
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173
harangue
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| n.慷慨冗长的训话，言辞激烈的讲话 | |
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174
enumerated
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| v.列举，枚举，数( enumerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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175
enjoined
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| v.命令( enjoin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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176
discoursing
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| 演说（discourse的现在分词形式） | |
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177
marvelling
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| v.惊奇，对…感到惊奇( marvel的现在分词 ) | |
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178
victuals
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| n.食物；食品 | |
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179
planks
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| （厚）木板( plank的名词复数 )； 政纲条目，政策要点 | |
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180
lodging
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| n.寄宿，住所；(大学生的)校外宿舍 | |
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181
importunate
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| adj.强求的；纠缠不休的 | |
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182
fleas
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| n.跳蚤( flea的名词复数 )；爱财如命；没好气地（拒绝某人的要求） | |
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183
parched
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| adj.焦干的；极渴的；v.（使）焦干 | |
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184
clams
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| n.蛤；蚌，蛤( clam的名词复数 )v.（在沙滩上）挖蛤( clam的第三人称单数 ) | |
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185
craving
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| n.渴望,热望 | |
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186
toiled
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| 长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的过去式和过去分词 )； 艰难缓慢地移动，跋涉 | |
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187
hospitable
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| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
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188
imploring
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| 恳求的，哀求的 | |
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189
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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190
palatable
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| adj.可口的，美味的；惬意的 | |
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191
drenched
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| adj.湿透的；充满的v.使湿透( drench的过去式和过去分词 )；在某人（某物）上大量使用（某液体） | |
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192
severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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193
renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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