The Governor soon took one or two men and went to Middleborough, the Namasket of the Indians, to purchase corn. It all had to be brought home in sacks upon the back. The Indian women aided in transporting it. The Pilgrims were astonished to see what burdens they would bear. “It is almost incredible,” writes Roger Williams, “what burdens the poor women carry of corn, of fish, of beans, of mats, and a child besides.” An Indian woman, of small stature3, would take a hundred weight of corn upon her shoulders and trudge4 through the wilderness5 for miles without resting. But a small supply of corn could be obtained at Namasket.
The Governor then took an inland trip of sixty miles to an Indian settlement called Manomet, at the210 head of Buzzard’s Bay. The distance across the cape6 here to Massachusetts Bay is but six miles. They could, after that short land carriage, by an easy voyage in the boats, transport their corn to Plymouth. Here the Governor purchased quite a supply, which he left in the custody7 of the sachem, Canacum, until the boats could be sent to fetch it. While here, an incident occurred which is worthy8 of record, as illustrative of Indian customs:
It was the month of February. The night was bitterly cold, a fierce storm raging. The Governor was in the snug9 wigwam of the sachem, sitting by the bright fire blazing in the centre of the hut. Two stranger Indians entered. Without speaking a word they laid aside their bows and arrows, sat down upon the mats by the fire, took out their pipes and began to smoke. Having finished their pipes, one of them made a short address of greeting to the chief, and presented him with a basket containing tobacco and some beads10. The chief received the gift graciously. The Indian then, in quite a long speech, delivered his message, which was interpreted to the Governor by Hobbomak. It was as follows:
Two Indians of the tribe to which the messengers belonged, while gambling11, quarrelled, and one killed the other. The murderer was a man of special note, and one who could not be well spared. His chief211 was unwilling12 to order his execution. But the sachem of another powerful tribe had declared that unless he put the offender13 to death he would wage war against him with all his force. The chief therefore desired the advice of his powerful friend, Canacum, as to the course it was proper for him to pursue.
There was then, for some time, silence. At length Canacum asked the opinion of all who were present. When Hobbomak was questioned, he said: “I am a stranger; but it seems to me better that one should die than many, especially since that one deserves death, and the many are innocent.” Canacum then directed the messengers to inform their sachem that in his opinion the murderer should be put to death.
The Governor returned to Plymouth, intending to send Captain Standish in the shallop, to fetch the corn which he had purchased. Just after his arrival, a messenger came from John Sanders, in Weymouth, stating that the colonists14 there were actually in a starving condition; that they could obtain no corn from the Indians, as the Indians would not lend it to them, and that they had no means of buying. Under these circumstances he said that he should be under the necessity of taking it from them by force. Weak as the colonists were, by the aid of powder and bullets, they could, without difficulty, rob the comparatively defenceless Indians. The Governor remonstrated212 in the strongest terms against this plan of robbery. He assured Sanders that such an act would inevitably15 combine all the tribes in a coalition against both colonies, and might lead to the utter extirpation16 of the English from this continent. From his own scanty17 store of corn he sent to Weymouth a small supply, entreating18 them to make shift to live, as they did at Plymouth, upon ground-nuts, clams19, and muscles.
In the mean time, Captain Standish took the shallop and sailed to Sandwich harbor, to get the corn which the Governor had purchased and ordered to be stored there. It was in the severest of winter weather. Icy gales20 swept the ocean, and dashed the surge upon the snow-drifted beach. They succeeded in entering the harbor, but the first night they were frozen up there. The outrageous21 conduct of the Weymouth colonists, and the threats which they had openly uttered of their intention to rob the Indians, had spread far and wide, producing great exasperation22; and the natives who were adverse23 to the colonists were taking advantage of it to form a general coalition against them.
Captain Standish, upon landing, perceived at once that there was a change coming over the minds of the Indians. The friendliness24 they affected25 appeared to him constrained26 and insincere. He was frozen in,213 and large numbers of Indians began to gather around him, some manifestly unfriendly; and there were not a few indications that a conspiracy27 was being formed for his destruction. The weather was so cold that the Pilgrims could not sleep in the shallop, but were constrained to accept the shelter and the fires found in the Indian wigwams.
The captain was not a man to be taken by guile28. Avoiding all display of his suspicions, he gave strict charge that a part of the company should always watch by night while the rest slept. Some of the Indians stole several articles from the boat. Captain Standish immediately marched his whole force of six men, and surrounded the wigwam of the sachem, where many of the most prominent of the Indians were assembled. He then sent in word to the sachem that as he would not allow himself, or any of his men, to be guilty of the slightest injustice30 towards the Indians, neither would he submit to any injustice from them; that he held the sachem responsible for the stolen goods, and that unless they were immediately restored he should obtain redress31 by force of arms.
The crafty32 sachem sent agents who, without difficulty, obtained the goods and secretly conveyed them to the shallop. He then told Captain Standish that probably he had overlooked them, and he thought that if he should look more carefully he would find214 that they were all there. The captain, understanding this, sent to the shallop, and there the stolen goods were, lying openly upon the boat’s cuddy. The sachem however was much alarmed by this decision and boldness manifested by the captain. In endeavors to win back his favor he brought to him quite an additional quantity of corn to sell. The captain loaded down his shallop with the treasure; and, a southerly wind freeing the harbor of ice, he returned in safety to Plymouth.
A portion of this supply was forwarded to Weymouth. It soon, however, was consumed, and, impelled33 by want, in March, Captain Standish again took the shallop and returned to Manomet, hoping to get an additional supply of food. He met with a chilling reception, and with increasing evidence that the Indians were plotting against the colonists. He soon found the explanation of this. Leaving three men in charge of the shallop, he took three with him, and went to the wigwam of Canacum, the sachem. While there, two Massachusett Indians came in. They were from the immediate29 vicinity of Weymouth, violent and hostile men, and had come to Canacum to engage him and his warriors34 in a coalition against the English.
“The chief of them,” writes Mr. Winslow, “was called Wituwamat, a notable insulting villain35, one who215 had formerly36 imbued37 his hands in the blood of English and French, and had often boasted of his own valor38, and derided39 their weakness, especially because, as he said, they died crying, making sour faces, more like children than men.”
This boastful fellow, in the presence of Captain Standish, presented Canacum with a dagger40, which he had obtained from the Weymouth men. He then addressed him in a long speech, in a language which he knew that the Captain could not understand, but in a tone and with gestures which could not but be considered insulting. The purport41 of this address, as afterwards interpreted, was as follows:
We have decided42 to exterminate43 the weak and starving colony at Weymouth. We are strong enough to do it any day. But we fear that the colony at Plymouth will avenge44 the death of their countrymen. It is therefore necessary to destroy both colonies. To do this we must unite our tribes against them. We now come to solicit45 your aid. The redoubtable46 Captain of the Plymouth colony is now with you, with six of his men. They can all easily be killed. This will make our work easy.31
Canacum was evidently impressed by this speech. He neglected Captain Standish, and treated his Indian guest with marked distinction. A plot was216 formed for the assassination47 of the whole boat’s crew. The Indians stood in deadly fear of the muskets48 of the English, and did not dare approach the shallop with hostile intent. The Captain did not allow any armed men to draw near them. The Indians tried to lure50 them all on shore, saying that it was too cold for them to sleep in the shallop. They hoped to fall upon them, in sudden massacre51, while asleep in the huts. With this purpose in their hearts they feigned52 great friendship, made presents to Captain Standish, and with alacrity53 aided in carrying corn to the shallop. The Captain evaded54 all their wiles55, and a fair wind soon bore him back again to his friends.
While he was absent, word came to Plymouth that Massasoit was very dangerously sick, and that his death was daily expected; and also that a Dutch ship had been driven ashore56 almost opposite his dwelling57. It was a custom with the Indians that when any chief was sick, all his friends should hasten to visit him. In observance of this custom, and also to obtain some intercourse58 with the Dutch, and hoping also to secure the friendship of the neighboring sachems, it was decided that Mr. Winslow and Mr. Hampden, with Hobbomak as a guide, should visit the dying chief at his home in Paomet.
It was a perilous59 journey in the then unsettled state of affairs. It was not known who of the Indians217 were friendly, and who were hostile. The death of Massasoit might bring the hostile party into power, and then there would be hardly a possibility that the two envoys60 could escape with their lives. Hobbomak, who had embraced Christianity, and was apparently62 a consistent Christian61, seemed to be deeply grieved in view of the death of his chief. He said to Mr. Winslow,
“I shall never see his like again. He was no liar63; he was not bloody64 and cruel, like other Indians. In anger and passion he was soon reclaimed66. He was easy to be reconciled to those who had offended him. Ruled by reason, he scorned the advice of mean men, and governed his people better with few strokes than others did with many. When he is gone the English will not have a true and faithful friend left among the Indians.”
Massasoit had two sons, Wamsutta and Pometacom. According to Indian usage, upon the death of the father, the eldest67 son inherited the chieftainship. But it was feared that Corbitant, who had already manifested hostility68, and in whose assumed reconciliation69 but little reliance could be placed, would by violence grasp the power, and bring the whole weight of the tribe against the colonists.
The deputation traveled the first day as far as the little Indian hamlet of Namasket, which, it will be remembered, occupied the present site of Middleborough.218 They passed the night in the wigwam of an Indian. The next day they continued their journey to Mattapoisit, in the present town of Swanzey. Here Corbitant resided. The rumor70 had already reached them that Massasoit was dead. There were indications that Corbitant had already taken steps as an usurper71, and there were serious apprehensions72 that the two defenceless Englishmen would immediately fall victims to his hostile policy.
The two envoys, however, to avoid all appearance of suspicion, went directly to Corbitant’s house. The sachem was not at home, but his wife received them kindly73. They sent forward an Indian runner to Paomet, to bring them back tidings respecting the condition of Massasoit. He returned with the tidings that the chief was still living when he left, but was expected every moment to die. They hurried on, and reached Paomet late at night. In the following terms Mr. Winslow describes his visit to the dying chief:
“When we came thither74 we found the house so full of men as we could scarce get in, though they used their best diligence to make way for us. There were they in the midst of their charms for him, making such a hellish noise as it distempered us that were well, and therefore unlike to ease him that was sick. About him were six or eight women, who chafed75 his arms, legs and thighs76, to keep heat in him. When219 they had made an end of their charming, one told him that his friends, the English, were come to see him. Having understanding left, but his sight being wholly gone, he asked who was come. They told him Winsnow, for they cannot pronounce the letter l, but ordinarily n in the place thereof. He desired to speak with me. When I came to him, and they told him of it, he put forth77 his hand to me, which I took. Then he said twice, though very inwardly, Keen Winsnow, which is to say, Art thou Winslow? I answered, Ah he, that is, Yes. Then he doubled these words, Matta neen wonckanet namen, Winsnow! that is to say, O Winslow, I shall never see thee again.”32
Mr. Winslow then informed the dying chief, through Hobbomak, that the Governor was sorry to hear of his sickness, and would have visited him in person had not important business prevented; that he had consequently sent Mr. Winslow and Mr. Hampden in his stead, with such medicines as the English used in case of sickness. Mr. Winslow administered these medicines, which proved so wonderfully efficacious that soon his patient quite revived, his sight was restored, and he was able to take some refreshing78 broth79. All the Indians were surprised and delighted by the change. Two Indians were sent to Plymouth for more medicine, and for two220 chickens for broth. They were dispatched at two o’clock in the morning, bearing letters informing the Governor of the success of their mission. Mr. Winslow gives the following account of his medical practice on this important occasion:
“He requested me that, the day following, I would take my piece and kill him some fowl80, and make him some English pottage, such as he had eaten at Plymouth. After, his stomach coming, I must needs make him some without fowl, before I went abroad. This somewhat troubled me, being unacquainted and unaccustomed in such business, especially having nothing to make it comfortable, my consort81 being as ignorant as myself. But being we must do somewhat, I caused a woman to bruise82 some corn and take the flour from it, and set over the broken corn in a pipkin, for they have earthen pots of all sizes.
“When the day broke we went out, it being now March, to seek herbs, but could not find any but strawberry leaves, of which I gathered a handful and put into the same. And because I had nothing to relish83 it, I went forth again and pulled up a sassafras root, and sliced a piece thereof and boiled it till it had a good relish, and then took it out again. The broth being boiled, I strained it through my handkerchief, and gave him at least a pint84, which he liked very well. After this his sight mended more and more; and he221 took some rest, insomuch that we with admiration85 blessed God for giving his blessing86 to such raw and ignorant means; making no doubt of his recovery, himself and all of them acknowledging us the instruments of his preservation87.”33
The grateful chief requested Mr. Winslow to visit all the sick in his village, and to administer to them the same remedies which had been so available in his case. With true Christian philanthropy Mr. Winslow undertook this task, finding it needful to perform many revolting offices, from which he did not shrink. With the utmost tenderness he watched the fluctuations88 of the disease of the king, and administered remedies apparently with much intuitive skill. Having succeeded in shooting a duck, just before the men returned with the pigeons, Massasoit decided to preserve them alive for breed. His recovery excited so much astonishment89 that many persons came a hundred miles to see him. Great efforts had been made by the hostile Indians to prejudice him against the English, and to induce him to join their coalition.
“Now I see,” he said, “that the English are my friends, and love me. And whilst I live I will never forget this kindness they have showed me. They have been more kind to me than any others have been.”
222 As Mr. Winslow was leaving, Massasoit called Hobbomak privately90 to him, one or two of his warriors only being present, and informed him in full of the plot of the Massachusetts Indians to destroy the Weston colony, and then to attack that at Plymouth. He mentioned seven tribes who were united with them in the coalition, among others mentioning some who were making loud professions of friendship. He said that he had been earnestly solicited91 to join them, but that he would not do so, neither would he allow any of the tribes under his sway to make any hostile movement.
Massasoit advised the pilgrims, through Hobbomak, that if they would save the lives of their countrymen, they should immediately put to death the leading men of the Massachusetts tribes who were organizing this formidable conspiracy. “Say to them,” said he, “that they often say that they will never strike the first blow. But if they wait until their countrymen at Weymouth are killed, who are entirely92 unable to defend themselves, it will then be too late for them to protect their own lives. I therefore advise them, without any delay, to put the leaders of this plot to death. Communicate what I say to you to Mr. Winslow, on your way home, that he may relate the same to Governor Bradford.”
Very affectionately the two parties took leave of223 each other. The envoys were disappointed in not meeting the Dutch; but the day before their arrival, a high tide enabled them to move the ship from the shoals, upon which it had been stranded93, and they had proceeded on their voyage. The Pilgrims called upon Corbitant on their return, and passed the night with him. He received them with great apparent cordiality. Mr. Winslow gives the following pleasing account of the visit.
“I had much confidence with him; he being a notable politician, yet full of merry jests and quibs, and never better pleased than when the like are returned upon him. Among other things he asked me, if in case he were thus dangerously sick, as Massasoit had been, and should send word thereof to Plymouth for medicine, whether the Governor would send it; and if he would, whether I would come therewith to him. To both which I answered, yea; whereat he gave me joyful94 thanks.
“After that, he demanded further how we durst, being but two, come so far into the country. I answered, where was true love there was no fear; and my heart was so upright towards them that, for my own part, I was fearless to come amongst them.
“‘But,’ said he, ‘if your love be such, and it bring forth such fruits, how cometh it to pass that when224 we come to Plymouth, you stand upon your guard, with the mouths of your pieces presented towards us.’
“Whereupon I answered it was the most honorable and respective entertainment we could give them, it being an order amongst us so to receive our best respected friends. And as it was used on the land, so the ships also observed it at sea, which Hobbomak knew and had seen observed. But, shaking his head, he answered that he liked not such salutations.”
Noticing that Mr. Winslow asked a blessing upon his food, and returned thanks after partaking of it, he asked him the meaning of the custom. He listened very attentively95 to Mr. Winslow’s account of the ten commandments and of the Christian religion, and expressed his cordial approval of nearly all. The next day the Pilgrims continued their journey, and lodged96 that night at Middleborough. The next day, when they had reached about half way home, they met two Indians, who informed them that Captain Standish had that morning set sail for Massachusetts, but that contrary winds had driven him back. Upon their arrival, they found Captain Standish waiting for a fair wind to resume his voyage.
It was the latter part of February. The news from the Weston colony was continually becoming more disastrous97. These wretched adventurers were225 sinking into degradation98 almost beneath that of the savages99. John Sanders had taken the Swan, and, with a small crew, had sailed for the coast of Maine, hoping to obtain some food from the fishermen there. The religionless rabble101, left behind, sold their clothes and bed coverings for food. They became servants to the insolent102 Indians, cutting wood and bringing water to them for a cup full of corn. They stole, night and day, from the Indians. Several died from cold and hunger. One man was digging clams. He got stuck in the mud, and was so weak that he could not extricate103 himself, and miserably104 perished. They scattered105, wandering about in search of ground nuts and shell-fish, and became utterly106 despicable, even in the eyes of the savages.
“They became contemned107 and scorned by the Indians,” writes Governor Bradford, “and they began greatly to insult over them in the most insolent manner; insomuch, many times, as they lay thus scattered abroad, and had set on a pot with ground nuts or shell-fish, when it was ready, the Indians would come and eat it up. And when night came, whereas some of them had a sorry blanket or such like to lap themselves in, the Indians would take it, and let the others lie all night in the cold; so as their condition was very lamentable108. Yea, in the end they were fain to hang one of their men, whom they226 could not reclaim65 from stealing, to give the Indians content.”34
A waggish109 report was circulated, with which Hudibras makes himself merry, that, the thief being a man of some importance, who could not well be spared, a poor decrepit110 old man, who was utterly unserviceable, was hung in his stead. There was no truth in this report. And it was still more atrocious, as a calumny111, when attributed to the Pilgrims. It cannot be denied, however, that the deed would have been in character with the conduct of the Weymouth miscreants112. They were not Puritans. There is no evidence that they had any church, any divine worship, or any religion.
The state of the Weston colony caused much anxiety at Plymouth. The savages were learning to despise the English. It was necessary to take some very decisive action, and yet it was difficult to determine what that action should be. Captain Standish’s voyage was delayed, to wait for further developments, and many consultations113 were held. At length, on the 23d of March, the Governor assembled the whole company of the Pilgrims in general council, and, expressing the deepest regret that it seemed to be necessary to resort to warlike measure against those whose good only they sought to promote, proposed that Captain Standish should take so many227 well-armed men as he judged to be necessary, and, assailing114 the Indians with the same weapons of guile which they were persistently115 using, should go to Massachusetts as if for trade with the Indians. On the way he was to visit Weymouth and inform the people there of the plot which was formed against them, and of the object of his coming, and to invite them to embark116 on board the Swan, and come to Plymouth for protection. He was then to visit the Indians, carefully scrutinize117 their conduct, and adopt such measures to thwart118 their plans and punish their ringleaders as in his judgment119 might seem expedient120. He was particularly requested to bring back with him, as a warning to all the savages, the head of that bold and bloody villain Wituwamat, of whom we have before spoken, who was loud and boastful in his threats, and undisguised in his measures to array all the Indians against the English.
Captain Standish took eight men only, selecting those in whose courage and discretion121 he could repose122 perfect reliance. The day before he was to sail, a man by the name of Phineas Pratt came from Weymouth, through the woods, with his pack upon his back. He brought a deplorable report of the degradation and helplessness of the colonists. They were dispersed123 in three companies in search of food, and were almost destitute124 of powder and shot. He had228 fled from the impending125 ruin, and begged permission to remain at Plymouth.
The next day the wind was fair, and Captain Standish set sail on his difficult and perilous expedition. They entered the harbor at Weymouth, and proceeded first to the Swan, which was at anchor there, “but neither man, or so much as a dog therein.” The discharge of a musket49 attracted the attention of the master of the vessel126, who was on shore, with some of the colonists, searching for ground nuts. Upon Captain Standish reproaching them with their carelessness in leaving a vessel so important to their safety thus exposed, they replied, like men bereft127 of reason, that they had no fear of the Indians. The Captain gathered around him as many of the colonists as he could, and informed them of the plot already ripe for their massacre. He then gave them the invitation, on the part of the Governor and all the colonists, to repair to Plymouth, where they would share their scanty food with them until some better plan for their welfare could be devised. A more heroic act of hospitality than this the world has seldom witnessed. He also added that if there were any other plan which they preferred to adopt, he would do everything in his power to aid them in it.
These wretched men gladly accepted the generous offer which rescued them from the tomahawk of the229 savage100, and decided at once to abandon the colony. Captain Standish then enjoined128 upon them the most entire secrecy129 in respect to their contemplated130 movement. The stragglers were all to be immediately called in, and ordered not to leave the town under penalty of death. A pint of corn was allotted131 to them each day, though this had to be taken from the store which the Pilgrims had reserved for planting.
The weather was cold, wet and stormy, and thus Captain Standish was much delayed in his operations. The Indians, hearing of the arrival of the shallop from Plymouth, sent a spy to Weymouth, ostensibly to sell some furs. Though the Captain treated him with the customary courtesy, the sagacious savage returned with the report that “he saw, by his eyes, that he was angry in his heart.” But the Indians had become so emboldened132 that they hesitated not to use any language of insolence and menace. One of the vilest133 of them, a fellow of gigantic stature, by the name of Pecksuot, with Wituwamat and his brother, came swaggering into the little village. “Tell your Captain,” said he, “that we know that he has come to kill us. But we do not fear him. Let him begin as soon as he dares. We are ready for him.”
These three men, with another Indian, followed by quite a mob of the savages, entered one of the houses, where Captain Standish was with four of the230 Pilgrims. The object, evidently, was to provoke a quarrel, and murder the Englishman. Captain Standish was a slender man, of small stature. Pecksuot was almost a giant. The savage approached him, whetting134 his knife, and boasting of his power to lay the “little man” low. The other Indians were equally insulting and threatening, with both word and gesture. The Captain, perfectly135 preserving his calmness and self-possession, ordered the door to be shut and fastened, that no other Indians could come in. Then, giving the signal to the others of his men, he sprang, with the wonderful strength and agility136 for which he was celebrated137, upon the burly savage, wrenched138 the knife, which was sharp as a needle at the point, from his hand, and after a desperate conflict, in which he inflicted139 many wounds, succeeded in plunging140 it to the hilt in the bosom141 of his foe142. In like manner Wituwamat and the other Indian, after the fiercest struggle, during which not a word was uttered, were killed. Wituwamat’s brother, a boastful, blood-thirsty villain of eighteen, was taken and hanged, for conspiring143 for the massacre of the English.
The Indians around the house, appalled144 by so unexpected an exhibition of courage and power, fled into the wilderness. Captain Standish marshalled his whole force to pursue. The Indians rallied in an advantageous231 position, and made a brief stand. But, three of their number falling before the bullets of the Englishmen, they again turned, and on swift foot disappeared.
The Weymouth men, aware of their danger of suffering from hunger in Plymouth, decided to embark in the Swan for the fishing fleet on the coast, hoping there to obtain provisions to enable them to return to England. It was probably an acceptable decision to the Captain. Retaining simply corn enough for his homeward trip, he gave all the rest he had with him to them. A few decided to go to Plymouth, whom the Captain took with him. Having seen the Swan set sail, and fairly clear of Massachusetts Bay, the conquering hero spread his sail, and was soon greeted by his friends for his success in his chivalric145 adventure. Thus the godless colony at Weymouth came to an ignoble146 end.
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1
insolence
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| n.傲慢；无礼；厚颜；傲慢的态度 | |
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coalition
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| n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合 | |
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stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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trudge
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| v.步履艰难地走；n.跋涉，费力艰难的步行 | |
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wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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custody
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| n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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snug
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| adj.温暖舒适的，合身的，安全的；v.使整洁干净，舒适地依靠，紧贴；n.（英）酒吧里的私房 | |
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beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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gambling
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| n.赌博；投机 | |
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unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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offender
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| n.冒犯者，违反者，犯罪者 | |
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colonists
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| n.殖民地开拓者，移民，殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 ) | |
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inevitably
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| adv.不可避免地；必然发生地 | |
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extirpation
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| n.消灭，根除，毁灭；摘除 | |
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scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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entreating
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| 恳求，乞求( entreat的现在分词 ) | |
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clams
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| n.蛤；蚌，蛤( clam的名词复数 )v.（在沙滩上）挖蛤( clam的第三人称单数 ) | |
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gales
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| 龙猫 | |
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outrageous
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| adj.无理的，令人不能容忍的 | |
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exasperation
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| n.愤慨 | |
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adverse
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| adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的 | |
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24
friendliness
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| n.友谊，亲切，亲密 | |
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25
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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26
constrained
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| adj.束缚的,节制的 | |
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27
conspiracy
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| n.阴谋，密谋，共谋 | |
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28
guile
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| n.诈术 | |
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29
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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30
injustice
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| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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31
redress
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| n.赔偿，救济，矫正；v.纠正，匡正，革除 | |
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32
crafty
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| adj.狡猾的，诡诈的 | |
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33
impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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34
warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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35
villain
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| n.反派演员，反面人物；恶棍；问题的起因 | |
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36
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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37
imbued
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| v.使（某人/某事）充满或激起（感情等）( imbue的过去式和过去分词 )；使充满；灌输；激发（强烈感情或品质等） | |
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38
valor
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| n.勇气，英勇 | |
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39
derided
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| v.取笑，嘲笑( deride的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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40
dagger
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| n.匕首，短剑，剑号 | |
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41
purport
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| n.意义，要旨，大要；v.意味著，做为...要旨，要领是... | |
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42
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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43
exterminate
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| v.扑灭，消灭，根绝 | |
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44
avenge
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| v.为...复仇，为...报仇 | |
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45
solicit
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| vi.勾引；乞求；vt.请求，乞求；招揽(生意) | |
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46
redoubtable
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| adj.可敬的；可怕的 | |
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47
assassination
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| n.暗杀；暗杀事件 | |
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48
muskets
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| n.火枪，（尤指）滑膛枪( musket的名词复数 ) | |
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49
musket
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| n.滑膛枪 | |
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50
lure
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| n.吸引人的东西，诱惑物；vt.引诱，吸引 | |
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51
massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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52
feigned
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| a.假装的，不真诚的 | |
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53
alacrity
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| n.敏捷，轻快，乐意 | |
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54
evaded
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| 逃避( evade的过去式和过去分词 )； 避开； 回避； 想不出 | |
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55
wiles
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| n.（旨在欺骗或吸引人的）诡计，花招；欺骗，欺诈( wile的名词复数 ) | |
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56
ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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57
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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58
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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59
perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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60
envoys
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| 使节( envoy的名词复数 )； 公使； 谈判代表； 使节身份 | |
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61
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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62
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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63
liar
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| n.说谎的人 | |
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64
bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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65
reclaim
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| v.要求归还，收回；开垦 | |
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66
reclaimed
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| adj.再生的；翻造的；收复的；回收的v.开拓( reclaim的过去式和过去分词 )；要求收回；从废料中回收（有用的材料）；挽救 | |
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67
eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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68
hostility
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| n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争 | |
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69
reconciliation
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| n.和解，和谐，一致 | |
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70
rumor
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| n.谣言，谣传，传说 | |
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71
usurper
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| n. 篡夺者, 僭取者 | |
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72
apprehensions
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| 疑惧 | |
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73
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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74
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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75
chafed
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| v.擦热（尤指皮肤）( chafe的过去式 )；擦痛；发怒；惹怒 | |
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76
thighs
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| n.股，大腿( thigh的名词复数 )；食用的鸡（等的）腿 | |
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77
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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78
refreshing
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| adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的 | |
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79
broth
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| n.原(汁)汤(鱼汤、肉汤、菜汤等) | |
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80
fowl
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| n.家禽，鸡，禽肉 | |
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81
consort
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| v.相伴；结交 | |
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82
bruise
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| n.青肿，挫伤；伤痕；vt.打青；挫伤 | |
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83
relish
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| n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味 | |
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84
pint
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| n.品脱 | |
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85
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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86
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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87
preservation
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| n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持 | |
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88
fluctuations
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| 波动，涨落，起伏( fluctuation的名词复数 ) | |
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89
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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90
privately
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| adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地 | |
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91
solicited
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| v.恳求( solicit的过去式和过去分词 )；（指娼妇）拉客；索求；征求 | |
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92
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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93
stranded
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| a.搁浅的，进退两难的 | |
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94
joyful
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| adj.欢乐的，令人欢欣的 | |
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95
attentively
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| adv.聚精会神地；周到地；谛；凝神 | |
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96
lodged
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| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
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97
disastrous
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| adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的 | |
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98
degradation
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| n.降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变 | |
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99
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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100
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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101
rabble
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| n.乌合之众，暴民；下等人 | |
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102
insolent
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| adj.傲慢的，无理的 | |
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103
extricate
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| v.拯救，救出；解脱 | |
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104
miserably
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| adv.痛苦地；悲惨地；糟糕地；极度地 | |
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105
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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106
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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107
contemned
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| v.侮辱，蔑视( contemn的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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108
lamentable
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| adj.令人惋惜的，悔恨的 | |
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109
waggish
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| adj.诙谐的，滑稽的 | |
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110
decrepit
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| adj.衰老的，破旧的 | |
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111
calumny
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| n.诽谤，污蔑，中伤 | |
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112
miscreants
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| n.恶棍，歹徒( miscreant的名词复数 ) | |
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113
consultations
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| n.磋商（会议）( consultation的名词复数 )；商讨会；协商会；查找 | |
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114
assailing
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| v.攻击( assail的现在分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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115
persistently
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| ad.坚持地；固执地 | |
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116
embark
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| vi.乘船，着手，从事，上飞机 | |
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117
scrutinize
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| n.详细检查，细读 | |
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118
thwart
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| v.阻挠，妨碍，反对；adj.横(断的) | |
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119
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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120
expedient
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| adj.有用的，有利的；n.紧急的办法，权宜之计 | |
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121
discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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122
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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123
dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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124
destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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125
impending
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| a.imminent, about to come or happen | |
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126
vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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127
bereft
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| adj.被剥夺的 | |
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128
enjoined
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| v.命令( enjoin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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129
secrecy
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| n.秘密，保密，隐蔽 | |
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130
contemplated
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| adj. 预期的 动词contemplate的过去分词形式 | |
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131
allotted
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| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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132
emboldened
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| v.鼓励，使有胆量( embolden的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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133
vilest
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| adj.卑鄙的( vile的最高级 )；可耻的；极坏的；非常讨厌的 | |
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134
whetting
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| v.（在石头上）磨（刀、斧等）( whet的现在分词 )；引起，刺激（食欲、欲望、兴趣等） | |
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135
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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136
agility
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| n.敏捷，活泼 | |
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137
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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138
wrenched
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| v.（猛力地）扭( wrench的过去式和过去分词 )；扭伤；使感到痛苦；使悲痛 | |
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139
inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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140
plunging
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| adj.跳进的，突进的v.颠簸( plunge的现在分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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141
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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142
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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143
conspiring
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| 密谋( conspire的现在分词 )； 搞阴谋； （事件等）巧合； 共同导致 | |
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144
appalled
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| v.使惊骇，使充满恐惧( appall的过去式和过去分词)adj.惊骇的；丧胆的 | |
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145
chivalric
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| 有武士气概的，有武士风范的 | |
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146
ignoble
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| adj.不光彩的，卑鄙的；可耻的 | |
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