Many a ragged2 rebel—worn with hunger and anxiety for the cause, or for those absent loved ones who suffered for it—was as gallant3 as Sidney in the fray4; many a one bore his bitter trial with the same gay heart.
We have seen that the southron, war-worn, starving, could pour out his soul in noble song. Equally plain is it, that he rose in defiant5 glee over his own sufferings; striving to drown the sigh in a peal6 of resonant7 laughter. For humorous poetry abounds8 among all southern war-collections; some of it polished and keen in its satire9; most of it striking hard and "straight-from-the-shoulder" blows at some detected error, or some crying abuse.
One very odd and typical specimen10 of this was the "Confederate Mother Goose;" only catch verses of which appeared in the "Southern Literary Messenger," when under editorial charge of rare George Bagby. It was born of accident; several officers sitting over their pipes, around Bagby's editorial pine, scribbled12 in turn doggerel13 on some war subject. So good were a few of these hits that they astonished their unambitious authors, by appearance in the next issue of the magazine. As a record of war-humor, a few of them may be of interest at this late day. This one shows the great terror struck to the hearts of his enemies by the war-gong of General Pope:
"Little Be-Pope, he came at a lope,
'Jackson, the Rebel,' to find him.
He found him at last, then ran very fast,
With his gallant invaders15 behind him!"
"Jackson's commissary" was a favorite butt17 for the shafts18 of rebel humor. Another "Mother Goose" thus pictures him:
"John Pope came down to our town
And thought him wondrous19 wise;
He jumped into a 'skeeter swamp
And started writing lies.
But when he found his lies were out—
With all his might and main
He changed his base to another place,
And began to lie again!"
This verse on McClellan does not go to prove that the South respected any less the humane21 warfare22, or the tactical ability of him his greatest opponents declared "the North's best general."
"Little McClellan sat eating a melon,
The Chickahominy by,
He stuck in his spade, then a long while delayed,
And cried 'What a brave general am I!'"
Or this, embalming23 the military cant24 of the day:
"Henceforth, when a fellow is kicked out of doors,
He need never resent the disgrace;
But exclaim, 'My dear sir, I'm eternally yours,
For assisting in changing my base!'"
Perhaps no pen, or no brush, in all the South limned25 with bolder stroke the follies26, or the foibles, of his own, than did that of Innes Randolph, of Stuart's Engineer staff; later to win national fame by his "Good Old Rebel" song. Squib, picture and poem filled Randolph's letters, as brilliant flashes did his conversation. On Mr. Davis proclaiming Thanksgiving Day, after the unfortunate Tennessee campaign, Randolph versified the proclamation, section by section, as sample:
"For Bragg did well. Ah! who could tell
What merely human mind could augur27,
That they would run from Lookout28 Mount,
Who fought so well at Chickamauga!"
Round many a smoky camp-fire were sung clever songs, whose humor died with their gallant singers, for want of recording29 memories in those busy days. Latham, Caskie and Page McCarty sent out some of the best of the skits30; a few verses of one by the latter's floating to mind, from the snowbound camp on the Potomac, stamped by his vein31 of rollicking satire-with-a-tear in it:
"Manassas' field ran red with gore32,
With blood the Bull Run ran;
The freeman struck for hearth33 and home,
Or any other man!
And Longstreet with his fierce brigade
Stood in the red redan;
He waved his saber o'er his head,
Or any other man!
Ah! few shall part where many meet,
In battle's bloody34 van;
The snow shall be their winding-sheet,
Or any other man!"
Naturally enough, with a people whose nerves were kept at abnormal tension, reaction carried the humor of the South largely into travesty35. Where the reality was ever somber36, creation of the unreal found popular and acceptable form in satiric37 verse. Major Caskie—who ever went into battle with a smile on his lips—found time, between fights, for broad pasquinade on folly38 about him, with pen and pencil. His very clever parody39 of a touching40 and well-known poem of the time, found its way to many a camp-fire and became a classic about the Richmond "hells." It began:
"You can never win them back,
Never, never!
And you'd better leave the track
Now forever!
Tho' you 'cut' and 'deal the pack'
And 'copper41' every Jack14,
You'll lose 'stack' after 'stack'—
Forever!"
Everything tending to bathos—whether for the cause, or against it—caught its quick rebuke42, at the hands of some glib43 funmaker. Once an enthusiastic admirer of the hero of Charleston indited44 a glowing ode, of which the refrain ran:
Beau sabreur, beau canon,
Beau soldat—Beauregard!
Promptly45 came another, and most distorted version; its peculiar46 refrain enfolding:
Beau Brummel, Beau Fielding,
Beau Hickman—Beauregard!
As it is not of record that the commander of the Army of Northern Virginia ever discovered the junior laureate, the writer will not essay to do so.
Colonel Tom August, of the First Virginia, was the Charles Lamb of Confederate war-wits; genial47, quick and ever gay. Early in secession days, a bombastic48 friend approached Colonel Tom, with the query49: "Well, sir, I presume your voice is still for war?"
To which the wit replied promptly: "Oh, yes, devilish still!"
Later, when the skies looked darkest and rumors50 of abandoning Richmond were wildly flying, Colonel August was limping up the street. A quidnunc hailed him:
"Well! The city is to be given up. They're moving the medical stores."
"Glad of it!" called back Colonel Tom—"We'll get rid of all this blue mass!"
From the various army camps floated out stories, epigrams and anecdotes51 unnumbered; most of them wholly forgotten, with only a few remembered from local color, or peculiar point. General Zeb Vance's apostrophe to the buck52-rabbit, flying by him from heavy rifle fire: "Go it, cotton-tail! If I hadn't a reputation, I'd be with you!"—was a favorite theme for variations. Similarly modified to fit, was the protest of the western recruit, ordered on picket53 at Munson's Hill:
"Go yander ter keep 'un off! Wy, we'uns kem hyah ter fight th' Yanks; an' ef you'uns skeer 'un off, how'n thunder ez thar goan ter be a scrimmidge, no how?"
A different story—showing quick resource, where resources were lacking—is told of gallant Theodore O'Hara, who left the noblest poem of almost any war, "The Bivouac of the Dead." While he was adjutant-general, a country couple sidled shyly up to headquarters of his division, one day; the lady blushingly stating their business. It was the most important one of life: they wanted to marry. So, a council of war was held, no chaplain being available; and the general insisted on O'Hara tying the knot. Finally, he consented to try; the couple stood before him; the responses as to obedience54 and endowment were made; and there O'Hara stuck fast!
"Go on!" prompted the general—"The benediction55."
The A.A.G. paused, stammered56; then, raising his hand grandly, shouted in stentorian57 tones:
"In the name and by the authority of the Confederate States of North America, I proclaim you man and wife!"
A grim joke is handed down from the winter camps before Atlanta, when rations58 were not only worst but least. A knot round a mess-fire examined ruefully the tiny bits of moldy59 bacon, stuck on their bayonet-grills, when one hard old veteran remarked:
"Say, boys! Didn't them fellers wot died las' spring jest git th' commissary, though!"
Another, not very nice, still points equally the dire61 straits of the men, from unchanged clothing, and their grim humor under even that trial. Generals Lee and Ewell—riding through a quiet road in deep consultation62, followed by members of their staff—came suddenly upon a North Carolinian at the roadside. Nude63 to the waist, and careless of the august presences near, the soldier paid attention only to the dingy64 shirt he held over the smoke of some smoldering65 brush. The generals past, an aide spurred up to the toilet-making vet60, and queried66 sharply:
"Didn't you see the generals, sir? What in thunder are you doing?"
"Skirmishin'!" drawled the unmoved warrior—"An' I ent takin' no pris'ners, nuther!"
After this lapse67 of time—when retrospect68 shows but the gloom and sorrow which shadowed the dark "days of storm and stress," while none of the excitement and tension in them remains—it may seem incomprehensible that the South could laugh in song, while she suffered and fought and starved. Stranger still must it be to know that many a merry peal rang through the barred windows of the fortress-prisons of the North. Yet, many a one of the exchanged captives brought back a rollicking "prison glee;" and some sing, even to-day, the legend of "Fort Delaware, Del."
The "Prison Wails70" of Thomas F. Roche, a Marylander long captive, is a close and clever parody on General Lytell's "I am dying, Egypt," which came through the lines and won warm admirers South. It describes prison discipline, diet and dirt, with keen point and broad grin. From its opening lines:
"I am busted71, mother—busted!
Gone th' last unhappy check;
And th' infernal sutlers' prices
Make my pocket-book a wreck72!—"
to the human, piteous plaint that ends it:
"Ah! Once more, among the lucky,
Let thy hopeful buy and swell73;
Bankers and rich brokers74 aid thee!
Shell! sweet mother mine, Oh! shell!—"
the original is closely followed and equally distorted.
But strangest, amid all strange humors of the war, was that which echoed laughter over the leaguered walls of scarred, starving, desperate Vicksburg! No siege in all history tells of greater peril75 and suffering, borne with wondrous endurance and heroism, by men and women. It is a story of privation unparalleled, met by fortitude76 and calm acceptance which recall the early martyrdoms for faith! And, indeed, love of country grew to be a religion, especially with the women of the South, though happily none proved it by stress so dire as those of her heroic city; and they cherished it in the darkest midnight of their cause, with constancy and hope that nerved the strong and shamed the laggard77.
That history is one long series of perils78 and privations—of absolute isolation—sufficient to have worn down the strongest and to have quenched79 even
The smile of the South, on the lips and the eyes—
Of her barefooted boys!
Yet, even in Vicksburg—torn by shot and shell, hopeless of relief from without, reduced to direst straits of hunger within—the supreme80 rebel humor rose above nature; and men toiled81 and starved, fought their hopeless fight and died—not with the stoicism of the fatalist, but with the cheerfulness of duty well performed! And when Vicksburg fell, a curious proof of this was found; a manuscript bill-of-fare, surmounted82 by rough sketch83 of a mule84's head crossed by a human hand holding a Bowie-knife. That memorable85 menu reads:
HOTEL DE VICKSBURG, BILL OF FARE, FOR JULY, 1863.
Soup: Mule tail.
Boiled: Mule bacon, with poke86 greens; mule ham, canvassed87.
Roast: Mule sirloin; mule rump, stuffed with rice; saddle-of-mule, à l'armee.
Vegetables: Boiled rice; rice, hard boiled; hard rice, any way.
Entrées: Mule head, stuffed à la Reb; mule beef, jerked à la Yankie; mule ears, fricasseed à la getch; mule side, stewed89—new style, hair on; mule liver, hashed à l'explosion.
Side Dishes: Mule salad; mule hoof90, soused; mule brains à l'omelette; mule kidneys, braisés on ramrod; mule tripe91, on half (Parrot) shell; mule tongue, cold, à la Bray92.
Jellies: Mule foot (3-to-yard); mule bone, à la trench93.
Pastry94: Rice pudding, pokeberry sauce; cottonwood-berry pie, à la iron-clad; chinaberry tart20.
Dessert: White-oak acorns96; beech-nuts; blackberry-leaf tea; genuine Confederate coffee.
Liquors: Mississippi water, vintage 1492, very superior, $3; limestone97 water, late importation, very fine, $3.75; spring water, Vicksburg bottled up, $4.
Meals at few hours. Gentlemen to wait upon themselves. Any inattention in service should be promptly reported at the office.
Jeff Davis & Co., Proprietors98.
Card: The proprietors of the justly-celebrated Hotel de Vicksburg, having enlarged and refitted the same, are now prepared to accommodate all who may favor them with a call. Parties arriving by the river, or by Grant's inland route, will find Grape, Cannister & Co.'s carriages at the landing, or any depot99 on the line of entrenchments. Buck, Ball & Co. take charge of all baggage. No effort will be spared to make the visit of all as interesting as possible.
This capture was printed in the Chicago Tribune, with the comment that it was a ghastly and melancholy100 burlesque101. There is really a train of melancholy in the reflection that it was so little of a burlesque; that they who could endure such a siege, on such fare, should have been compelled to bear their trial in vain. But the quick-satisfying reflection must follow of the truth, the heroism—the moral invincibility—of a people who could so endure and—laugh!
But it was not only from the soldiers and the camps that the humor of the South took its color. Spite of the strain upon its better part—from anxiety, hope-deferred and actual privation—the society of every city keeps green memories of brilliant things said and written, on the spur of excitement and contact, that kept the sense of the whole people keenly alert for any point—whether serious or ridiculous.
The society of the Capital was marked evidence of this. It preserved many epigrammatic gems102; often coming from the better—and brighter—half of its composition. For Richmond women had long been noted103 for society ease and aplomb104, as well as for quickness of wit; and now the social amalgam105 held stranger dames106 and maidens108 who might have shown in any salon109.
A friend of the writer—then a gallant staff-officer; now a grave, sedate110 and semi-bald counsellor—had lately returned from European capitals; and he was, of course, in envied possession of brilliant uniform and equipment. At a certain ball, his glittering blind-spurs became entangled111 in the flowing train of a dancing belle112—one of the most brilliant of the set. She stopped in mid-waltz; touched my friend on the broidered chevron113 with taper114 fingers, and sweetly said:
"Captain, may I trouble you to dismount?"
Another noted girl—closely connected with the administration—made one of a distinguished115 party invited by Secretary Mallory to inspect a newly-completed iron-clad, lying near the city. It was after many reverses had struck the navy, causing—as heretofore shown—destruction of similar ships. Every detail of this one explained, lunch over and her good fortune drunk, the party were descending116 the steps to the captain's gig, when this belle stopped short.
"Oh! Mr. Secretary!" she smiled innocently—"You forgot to show us one thing!"
"Indeed?" was the bland117 query—"Pray what was it?"
To which came the startling rejoinder:
"Why your arrangement for blowing them up!"
There was one handsome and dashing young aide, equally noted for influence at division-headquarters, which sent him constantly to Richmond; and for persistent118 devotion, when there, to a sharp-witted belle with a great fortune. One night he appeared at a soiree in brand new uniform, his captain's bars replaced by the major's star on the collar. The belle, leaning on his arm wearily, was pouting119; when another passed and said: "I congratulate you, major. And what are your new duties?"
The officer hesitated only one instant, but that was fatal; for the lady on his arm softly lisped: "Oh! he is Mrs. General ——'s commissary, with the rank of major!"
It is needless to add that the epigram—unjust as it was—had its effect; and the belle was no more besieged120.
But of all the bright coteries121 in Richmond society—its very arcanum of wit, brilliance122 and culture—rises to memory that wholly unique set, that came somehow to be called "the Mosaic123 Club." Organization it was none; only a clique124 of men and women—married as well as single—that comprised the best intellects and prettiest accomplishments125 of the Capital. Many of the ladies were Will Wyatt's "easy goers;" ever tolerant, genial and genuine at the symposia126 of the Mosaics127, as they showed behind their chevaux-de-frise of knitting-needles elsewhere. Some of them have since graced happy and luxurious128 homes; some have struggled with poverty and sorrow as only true womanhood may struggle; some have fought out the battle of life, sleeping now at rest forever. But one and all then faced their duty—sad, bitter, uncongenial as it might be—with loyalty129 and tender truth; one and all were strong enough to put by somber things, when meet to do so, and enjoy to the full the better pleasures society might offer.
And the men one met wore wreaths upon their collars often; quite as likely chevrons130 of "the men" upon their sleeves. Cabinet ministers, poets, statesmen, artists, and clergymen even were admitted to the "Mosaics;" the only "Open sesame!" to which its doors fell wide being that patent of nobility stamped by brain and worth alone.
Without organization, without officers; grown of itself and meeting as chance, or winter inactivity along army lines dictated—the Mosaic Club had no habitat. Collecting in one hospitable131 parlor132, or another—as good fortune happened to provide better material for the delighting "muffin-match," or the entrancing "waffle-worry," as Will Wyatt described those festal procedures—the intimates who chanced in town were bidden; or, hearing of it, came to the feast of waffles and the flow of coffee—real coffee! without bids. They were ever welcome and knew it; and they were likewise sure of something even better than muffins, or coffee, to society-hungry men from the camps. And once gathered, the serious business of "teaing" over, the fun of the evening began.
The unwritten rule—indeed, the only rule—was the "forfeit133 essay," a game productive of so much that was novel and brilliant, that no later invention of peace-times has equaled it. At each meeting two hats would be handed round, all drawing a question from the one, a word from the other; question and word to be connected in either a song, poem, essay, or tale for the next meeting. Then, after the drawing for forfeits134, came the results of the last lottery135 of brain; interspersed136 with music by the best performers and singers of the city; with jest and seriously-brilliant talk, until the wee sma' hours, indeed.
O! those nights ambrosial137, if not of Ambrose's, which dashed the somber picture of war round Richmond, with high-lights boldly put in by master-hands! Of them were quaint138 George Bagby, Virginia's pet humorist; gallant, cultured Willie Meyers; original Trav Daniel; Washington, artist, poet and musician; Page McCarty, recklessly brilliant in field and frolic alike; Ham Chamberlayne, quaint, cultivated and colossal139 in originality140; Key, Elder and other artists; genial, jovial141 Jim Pegram; Harry142 Stanton, Kentucky's soldier poet—and a score of others who won fame, even if some of them lost life—on far different fields. There rare "Ran" Tucker—later famed in Congress and law school—told inimitably the story of "The time the stars fell," or sang the unprecedented143 ballad144 of "The Noble Skewball," in his own unprecedented fashion!
It was at the Mosaic that Innes Randolph first sang his now famous "Good Old Rebel" song; and there his marvelous quickness was Aaron's rod to swallow all the rest. As example, once he drew from one hat the words, "Daddy Longlegs;" from the other, the question, "What sort of shoe was made on the Last of the Mohicans?" Not high wit these, to ordinary seeming; and yet apparent posers for sensible rhyme. But they puzzled Randolph not a whit95; and—waiving his "grace" until the subsequent meeting, he rattled145 off extempore:
"Old Daddy Longlegs was a sinner hoary146
And punished for his wickedness, according to the story.
Between him and the Indian shoe, this likeness147 doth come in,
One made a mock o' virtue148, and one a moccasin!"
Laughter and applause were, in mid-roar, cut by Randolph's voice calling:
Corollary first: If Daddy Longlegs stole the Indian's shoe to keep his foot warm, that was no excuse for him to steal his house, to keep his wigwam.
And again he broke down—only to renew—the chorus with:
Corollary second: Because the Indian's shoe did not fit any Mohawk, was no reason that it wouldn't fit Narragansett!
Such, in brief retrospect was the Mosaic Club! Such in part the fun and fancy and frolic that filled those winter nights in Richmond, when sleet149 and mud made movements of armies, "Heaven bless us! a thing of naught150!"
The old colonel—that staff veteran, so often quoted in these pages—was a rare, if unconscious humorist. Gourmet151 born, connoisseur152 by instinct and clubman by life habit, the colonel writhed153 in spirit under discomfort154 and camp fare, even while he bore both heroically in the flesh; his two hundred and sixty pounds of it! Once, Styles Staple155 and Will Wyatt met him, inspecting troops in a West Virginia town; and they received a long lecture, à la Brillat Savarin, on enormities of the kitchen.
"And these people have fine wines, too," sadly wound up the colonel. "Marvelous wines, egad! But they don't know how to let you enjoy them!"
"'Tis a hard case," sympathized Styles, "I do hear sometimes of a fellow getting a stray tea, but as for a dinner! It's no use, colonel; these people either don't dine themselves, or they imagine we don't."
"Did it ever strike you," said the colonel, waxing philosophic156, "that you can't dine in but two places south of the Potomac? True, sir. Egad! You may stumble upon a country gentleman with a plentiful157 larder158 and a passable cook, but then, egad, sir! he's an oasis159. The mass of the people South don't live, sir! they vegetate—vegetate and nothing else. You get watery160 soups. Then they offer you mellow161 madeira with some hot, beastly joint162; and oily old sherry with some confounded stew88. Splendid materials—materials that the hand of an artist would make luscious—egad, sir; luscious—utterly ruined in the handling. It's too bad, Styles, too bad!"
"It is, indeed," put in Wyatt, falling into the colonel's vein, "too bad! And as for steaks, why, sir, there is not a steak in this whole country. They stew them, colonel, actually stew beefsteaks! Listen to the receipt a 'notable housewife' gave me: 'Put a juicy steak, cut two inches thick, in a saucepan; cover it well with water; put in a large lump of lard and two sliced onions. Let it simmer till the water dries; add a small lump of butter and a dash of pepper—and it's done!' Think of that, sir, for a bonne bouche!"
"Good God!" ejaculated the colonel, with beads163 on his brow. "I have seen those things, but I never knew how they were done! I shall dream of this, egad! for weeks."
"Fact, sir," Wyatt added, "and I've a theory that no nation deserves its liberties that stews164 its steaks. Can't gain them, sir! How can men legislate—how can men fight with a pound of stewed abomination holding them like lead? 'Bold and erect165 the Caledonian stood,' but how long do you think he would have been 'bold,' if they had stewed his 'rare beef' for him? No, sir! mark my words: the nation that stews its beefsteaks contracts its boundaries! As for an omelette——"
"Say no more, Will!" broke in the colonel solemnly. "After the war, come to my club and we'll dine—egad, sir! for a week!"
That invincible166 pluck of the southron, which carried him through starvation and the sweltering march of August, through hailing shot and shell, and freezing mud of midwinter camps—was unconquered even after the surrender. Equally invincible was that twin humor, which laughed amid all these and bore up, even in defeat. Some of the keenest hits of all the war—tinctured though they be with natural bitterness—are recalled from those days, when the beaten, but defiant, Rebel was passing under the victor's yoke167.
Surprising, indeed, to its administrators168 must have been the result of "the oath," forced upon one green cavalryman169, before he could return to family and farm. Swallowing the obnoxious170 allegiance, he turned to the Federal officer and quietly asked:
"Wail69, an' now I reck'n I'm loyil, ain't I?"
"Oh, yes! You're all right," carelessly replied the captor.
"An' ef I'm loyil, I'm same as you 'uns?" persisted the lately sworn. "We're all good union alike, eh?"
"Oh, yes," the officer humored him. "We're all one now."
"Wail then," rejoined Johnny Reb slowly, "didn't them darned rebs jest geen us hell sometimes?"
City Point, on the James river, was the landing for transports with soldiers released from northern prisons, after parole. A bustling171, self-important major of United States volunteers was at one time there, in charge. One day a most woe-begone, tattered172 and emaciated173 "Johnnie" sat swinging his shoeless feet from a barrel, awaiting his turn.
"It isn't far to Richmond," suddenly remarked the smart major, to nobody in particular.
"Reck'n et's neer onto three thousin' mile," drawled the Confed. weakly.
"Nonsense! You must be crazy," retorted the officer staring.
"Wail, I ent a-reck'nin' adzact," was the slow reply—"Jest tho't so, kinder."
"Oh! you did? And pray why?"
"Cos et's took'n you'uns nigh onto foore year to git thar from Wash'nton," was the settling retort.
In the provost-marshal's department at Richmond, shortly after surrender, was the neatest and most irrepressible of youths. Never discourteous174 and often too sympathetic, he was so overcurious as to be what sailors describe as "In everybody's mess and nobody's watch." One day a quaint, Dickensesque old lady stood hesitant in the office doorway175. Short, wrinkled and bent176 with age, she wore a bombazine gown of antique cut—its whilom black red-rusty from time's dye. But "Aunt Sallie" was a character in Henrico county; and noted withal for the sharpest of tongues and a fierce pair of undimmed eyes, which now shone under the dingy-brown poke bonnet177. Toward her sallied the flippant young underling, with the greeting:
"Well, madam, what do you wish?"
"What do I wish?" The old lady grew restive178 and battle-hungry.
"Yes'm! That's what I asked," retorted the youth sharply.
"What do I wish?" slowly repeated the still-rebellious dame107. "Well, if you must know, I wish all you Yankees were in —— hell!"
But not all the humor was confined to the governing race; some of its points cropping out sharply here and there, from under the wool of "the oppressed brother"—in-law. One case is recalled of the spoiled body servant of a gallant Carolinian, one of General Wheeler's brigade commanders. His master reproved his speech thus:
"Peter, you rascal179! Why don't you speak English, instead of saying 'wah yo' is'?"
"Waffer, Mars' Sam?" queried the negro with an innocent grin. "Yo allus calls de Gen'ral—Weel-er?"
Another, close following the occupation, has a spice of higher satire. A Richmond friend had a petted maid, who—devoted and constant to her mistress, even in those tempting180 days—still burned with genuine negro curiosity for a sight of everything pertaining181 to "Mars' Linkum's men"—especially for "de skule."
For swift, indeed, were the newcome saints to preach the Evangel of alphabet; and negro schools seemed to have been smuggled182 in by every army ambulance, so numerously did they spring up in the captured Capital. So, early one day, Clarissa Sophia, the maid of color, donned her very best and, "with shiny morning face," hied her, like anything but a snail183, to school. Very brief was her absence; her return reticent184, but pouting and with unduly185 tip-tilted nose. After a time negro love for confidences conquered; and the murder came out.
The school-room had been packed and pervaded186 with odors—of sanctity, or otherwise—when a keen-nosed and eager school-marm rose up to exhort187 her class. She began by impressing the great truth that every sister present was "born free and equal;" was "quite as good" as she was.
"Wa' dat yo's sain' now?" interrupted Clarissa Sophia. "Yo' say Ise jess ekal as yo' is?"
"Yes; I said so," was the sharp retort, "and I can prove it!"
"Ho! 'Tain't no need," replied the lately disenthralled. "Reck'n I is, sho' nuff. But does yo' say dat Ise good as missus?—my missus?"
"Certainly you are!" This with asperity188.
"Den11 Ise jess gwine out yere, rite16 off!" cried Clarissa Sophia, suiting action to word—"Ef Ise good as my missus, I'se goin' ter quit; fur I jess know she ent 'soshiatin' wid no sich wite trash like you is!"
And so—under all skies and among all colors—the war dragged its weary length out; amid sufferings and sacrifices, which may never be recorded; and which were still illumined by the flashes of unquenchable humor—God's tonic189 for the heart!
Had every camp contained its Froissart—had every social circle held its Boswell—what a record would there be, for reading by generations yet unborn!
But—when finished, as this cramped190 and quite unworthy chronicle of random191 recollections is—then might the reader still quote justly her of Sheba, exclaiming:
"And behold192! the one-half of the greatness of thy wisdom was not told me!"
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heroism
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| n.大无畏精神，英勇 | |
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ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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fray
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| v.争吵；打斗；磨损，磨破；n.吵架；打斗 | |
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defiant
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| adj.无礼的，挑战的 | |
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peal
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| n.钟声；v.鸣响 | |
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7
resonant
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| adj.(声音)洪亮的，共鸣的 | |
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8
abounds
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| v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的第三人称单数 ) | |
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9
satire
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| n.讽刺，讽刺文学，讽刺作品 | |
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10
specimen
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| n.样本，标本 | |
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11
den
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| n.兽穴；秘密地方；安静的小房间，私室 | |
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12
scribbled
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| v.潦草的书写( scribble的过去式和过去分词 )；乱画；草草地写；匆匆记下 | |
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13
doggerel
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| n.拙劣的诗，打油诗 | |
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14
jack
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| n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克 | |
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15
invaders
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| 入侵者，侵略者，侵入物( invader的名词复数 ) | |
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16
rite
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| n.典礼，惯例，习俗 | |
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17
butt
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| n.笑柄；烟蒂；枪托；臀部；v.用头撞或顶 | |
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18
shafts
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| n.轴( shaft的名词复数 )；（箭、高尔夫球棒等的）杆；通风井；一阵（疼痛、害怕等） | |
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19
wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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20
tart
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| adj.酸的；尖酸的，刻薄的；n.果馅饼；淫妇 | |
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21
humane
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| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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22
warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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23
embalming
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| v.保存（尸体）不腐( embalm的现在分词 )；使不被遗忘；使充满香气 | |
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24
cant
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| n.斜穿，黑话，猛扔 | |
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25
limned
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| v.画( limn的过去式和过去分词 )；勾画；描写；描述 | |
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26
follies
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| 罪恶，时事讽刺剧； 愚蠢，蠢笨，愚蠢的行为、思想或做法( folly的名词复数 ) | |
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27
augur
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| n.占卦师；v.占卦 | |
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28
lookout
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| n.注意，前途，瞭望台 | |
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29
recording
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| n.录音，记录 | |
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30
skits
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| n.讽刺文( skit的名词复数 )；小喜剧；若干；一群 | |
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31
vein
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| n.血管，静脉；叶脉，纹理；情绪；vt.使成脉络 | |
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32
gore
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| n.凝血，血污；v.（动物）用角撞伤，用牙刺破；缝以补裆；顶 | |
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33
hearth
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| n.壁炉炉床，壁炉地面 | |
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34
bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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35
travesty
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| n.歪曲，嘲弄，滑稽化 | |
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36
somber
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| adj.昏暗的，阴天的，阴森的，忧郁的 | |
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37
satiric
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| adj.讽刺的，挖苦的 | |
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38
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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39
parody
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| n.打油诗文，诙谐的改编诗文，拙劣的模仿；v.拙劣模仿，作模仿诗文 | |
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40
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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41
copper
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| n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的 | |
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42
rebuke
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| v.指责，非难，斥责 [反]praise | |
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43
glib
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| adj.圆滑的，油嘴滑舌的 | |
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44
indited
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| v.写（文章，信等）创作，赋诗，创作( indite的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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45
promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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46
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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47
genial
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| adj.亲切的，和蔼的，愉快的，脾气好的 | |
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48
bombastic
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| adj.夸夸其谈的，言过其实的 | |
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49
query
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| n.疑问，问号，质问；vt.询问，表示怀疑 | |
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50
rumors
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| n.传闻( rumor的名词复数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷v.传闻( rumor的第三人称单数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷 | |
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51
anecdotes
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| n.掌故，趣闻，轶事( anecdote的名词复数 ) | |
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52
buck
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| n.雄鹿，雄兔；v.马离地跳跃 | |
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53
picket
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| n.纠察队；警戒哨；v.设置纠察线；布置警卫 | |
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54
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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55
benediction
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| n.祝福；恩赐 | |
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56
stammered
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| v.结巴地说出( stammer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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57
stentorian
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| adj.大声的，响亮的 | |
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58
rations
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| 定量( ration的名词复数 )； 配给量； 正常量； 合理的量 | |
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59
moldy
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| adj.发霉的 | |
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60
vet
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| n.兽医，退役军人；vt.检查 | |
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61
dire
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| adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的 | |
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62
consultation
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| n.咨询；商量；商议；会议 | |
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63
nude
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| adj.裸体的；n.裸体者，裸体艺术品 | |
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64
dingy
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| adj.昏暗的，肮脏的 | |
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65
smoldering
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| v.用文火焖烧，熏烧，慢燃( smolder的现在分词 ) | |
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66
queried
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| v.质疑，对…表示疑问( query的过去式和过去分词 )；询问 | |
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67
lapse
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| n.过失，流逝，失效，抛弃信仰，间隔；vi.堕落，停止，失效，流逝；vt.使失效 | |
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68
retrospect
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| n.回顾，追溯；v.回顾，回想，追溯 | |
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69
wail
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| vt./vi.大声哀号，恸哭；呼啸，尖啸 | |
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70
wails
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| 痛哭，哭声( wail的名词复数 ) | |
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71
busted
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|
| adj. 破产了的，失败了的，被降级的，被逮捕的，被抓到的 动词bust的过去式和过去分词 | |
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72
wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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73
swell
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| vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强 | |
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74
brokers
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| n.（股票、外币等）经纪人( broker的名词复数 )；中间人；代理商；（订合同的）中人v.做掮客（或中人等）( broker的第三人称单数 )；作为权力经纪人进行谈判；以中间人等身份安排… | |
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75
peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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76
fortitude
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| n.坚忍不拔；刚毅 | |
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77
laggard
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| n.落后者；adj.缓慢的，落后的 | |
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78
perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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79
quenched
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| 解（渴）( quench的过去式和过去分词 )； 终止（某事物）； （用水）扑灭（火焰等）； 将（热物体）放入水中急速冷却 | |
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80
supreme
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|
| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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81
toiled
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| 长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的过去式和过去分词 )； 艰难缓慢地移动，跋涉 | |
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82
surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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83
sketch
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| n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述 | |
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84
mule
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| n.骡子，杂种，执拗的人 | |
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85
memorable
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|
| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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86
poke
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|
| n.刺，戳，袋；vt.拨开，刺，戳；vi.戳，刺，捅，搜索，伸出，行动散慢 | |
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87
canvassed
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| v.（在政治方面）游说( canvass的过去式和过去分词 )；调查（如选举前选民的）意见；为讨论而提出（意见等）；详细检查 | |
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88
stew
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| n.炖汤，焖，烦恼；v.炖汤，焖，忧虑 | |
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89
stewed
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|
| adj.焦虑不安的，烂醉的v.炖( stew的过去式和过去分词 )；煨；思考；担忧 | |
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90
hoof
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| n.(马，牛等的)蹄 | |
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91
tripe
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| n.废话，肚子, 内脏 | |
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92
bray
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| n.驴叫声, 喇叭声；v.驴叫 | |
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93
trench
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| n./v.(挖)沟，(挖)战壕 | |
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94
pastry
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| n.油酥面团，酥皮糕点 | |
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95
whit
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| n.一点，丝毫 | |
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96
acorns
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| n.橡子，栎实( acorn的名词复数 ) | |
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97
limestone
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| n.石灰石 | |
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98
proprietors
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| n.所有人，业主( proprietor的名词复数 ) | |
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99
depot
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| n.仓库，储藏处；公共汽车站；火车站 | |
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100
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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101
burlesque
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| v.嘲弄，戏仿；n.嘲弄，取笑，滑稽模仿 | |
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102
gems
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| growth； economy； management； and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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103
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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104
aplomb
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| n.沉着，镇静 | |
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105
amalgam
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| n.混合物；汞合金 | |
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106
dames
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| n.（在英国）夫人（一种封号），夫人（爵士妻子的称号）( dame的名词复数 )；女人 | |
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107
dame
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| n.女士 | |
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108
maidens
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| 处女( maiden的名词复数 )； 少女； 未婚女子； （板球运动）未得分的一轮投球 | |
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109
salon
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| n.[法]沙龙；客厅；营业性的高级服务室 | |
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110
sedate
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| adj.沉着的，镇静的，安静的 | |
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111
entangled
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| adj.卷入的；陷入的；被缠住的；缠在一起的v.使某人（某物/自己）缠绕，纠缠于（某物中），使某人（自己）陷入（困难或复杂的环境中）( entangle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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112
belle
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| n.靓女 | |
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113
chevron
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| n.V形臂章；V形图案 | |
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114
taper
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| n.小蜡烛，尖细，渐弱；adj.尖细的；v.逐渐变小 | |
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115
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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116
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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117
bland
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| adj.淡而无味的，温和的，无刺激性的 | |
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118
persistent
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| adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的 | |
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119
pouting
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| v.撅（嘴）( pout的现在分词 ) | |
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120
besieged
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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121
coteries
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| n.（有共同兴趣的）小集团( coterie的名词复数 ) | |
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122
brilliance
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| n.光辉，辉煌，壮丽，（卓越的）才华，才智 | |
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123
mosaic
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| n./adj.镶嵌细工的，镶嵌工艺品的，嵌花式的 | |
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124
clique
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| n.朋党派系，小集团 | |
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125
accomplishments
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| n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就 | |
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126
symposia
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| 座谈会，评论集； 讨论会( symposium的名词复数 )； 专题讨论会； 研讨会； 小型讨论会 | |
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127
mosaics
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| n.马赛克( mosaic的名词复数 )；镶嵌；镶嵌工艺；镶嵌图案 | |
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128
luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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129
loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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130
chevrons
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| n.（警察或士兵所佩带以示衔级的）∧形或∨形标志( chevron的名词复数 ) | |
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131
hospitable
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| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
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132
parlor
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| n.店铺，营业室；会客室，客厅 | |
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133
forfeit
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| vt.丧失；n.罚金，罚款，没收物 | |
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134
forfeits
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| 罚物游戏 | |
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135
lottery
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| n.抽彩；碰运气的事，难于算计的事 | |
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136
interspersed
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| adj.[医]散开的；点缀的v.intersperse的过去式和过去分词 | |
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137
ambrosial
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| adj.美味的 | |
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138
quaint
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| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
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139
colossal
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| adj.异常的，庞大的 | |
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140
originality
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| n.创造力，独创性；新颖 | |
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141
jovial
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| adj.快乐的，好交际的 | |
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142
harry
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| vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼 | |
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143
unprecedented
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| adj.无前例的，新奇的 | |
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144
ballad
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| n.歌谣，民谣，流行爱情歌曲 | |
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145
rattled
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| 慌乱的，恼火的 | |
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146
hoary
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| adj.古老的；鬓发斑白的 | |
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147
likeness
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| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
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148
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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149
sleet
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| n.雨雪；v.下雨雪，下冰雹 | |
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150
naught
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| n.无，零 [=nought] | |
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151
gourmet
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| n.食物品尝家；adj.出于美食家之手的 | |
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152
connoisseur
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| n.鉴赏家，行家，内行 | |
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153
writhed
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| （因极度痛苦而）扭动或翻滚( writhe的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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154
discomfort
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| n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便 | |
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155
staple
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| n.主要产物，常用品，主要要素，原料，订书钉，钩环；adj.主要的，重要的；vt.分类 | |
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156
philosophic
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| adj.哲学的，贤明的 | |
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157
plentiful
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| adj.富裕的，丰富的 | |
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158
larder
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| n.食物贮藏室，食品橱 | |
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159
oasis
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| n.（沙漠中的）绿洲，宜人的地方 | |
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160
watery
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| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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161
mellow
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| adj.柔和的；熟透的；v.变柔和；(使)成熟 | |
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162
joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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163
beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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164
stews
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| n.炖煮的菜肴( stew的名词复数 )；烦恼，焦虑v.炖( stew的第三人称单数 )；煨；思考；担忧 | |
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165
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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166
invincible
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| adj.不可征服的，难以制服的 | |
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167
yoke
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| n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶 | |
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168
administrators
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| n.管理者( administrator的名词复数 )；有管理（或行政）才能的人；（由遗嘱检验法庭指定的）遗产管理人；奉派暂管主教教区的牧师 | |
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169
cavalryman
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| 骑兵 | |
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170
obnoxious
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| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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171
bustling
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| adj.喧闹的 | |
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172
tattered
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| adj.破旧的，衣衫破的 | |
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173
emaciated
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| adj.衰弱的，消瘦的 | |
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174
discourteous
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| adj.不恭的，不敬的 | |
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175
doorway
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| n.门口，(喻)入门；门路，途径 | |
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176
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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177
bonnet
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| n.无边女帽；童帽 | |
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178
restive
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| adj.不安宁的，不安静的 | |
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179
rascal
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| n.流氓；不诚实的人 | |
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180
tempting
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| a.诱人的, 吸引人的 | |
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181
pertaining
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| 与…有关系的，附属…的，为…固有的(to) | |
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182
smuggled
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| 水货 | |
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183
snail
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| n.蜗牛 | |
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184
reticent
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| adj.沉默寡言的；言不如意的 | |
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185
unduly
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| adv.过度地，不适当地 | |
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186
pervaded
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| v.遍及，弥漫( pervade的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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187
exhort
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| v.规劝，告诫 | |
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188
asperity
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| n.粗鲁，艰苦 | |
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189
tonic
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| n./adj.滋补品，补药，强身的，健体的 | |
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190
cramped
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| a.狭窄的 | |
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191
random
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| adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动 | |
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192
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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