St Catharine’s is, in a certain sense, the daughter of King’s, for its founder6 was Robert Woodlark,* provost of the latter college. The reason for its foundation is not very obvious: it was probably merely a pious7 act on the part of Woodlark, of whom we know very little beyond this. The site on which it stood occupied the greater part of that oblong space which still is bounded on the north by King’s Lane and on the south by Silver (then Small Bridges) Street. Even now the space is somewhat cramped8 by houses; then the college was thoroughly9 “town-bound,” as Fuller puts it. However, although one of the smallest colleges in Cambridge, it has given, in comparison with its size, more famous men to England than any college in either University. These men are all clergy10, and their names are among the most reverend in Church history. Seventy-four years after the foundation of the college, Edwin Sandys* became master. He is chiefly known as Archbishop of York and as a translator of the Bible, and, while in exile abroad during Mary’s reign12, he cultivated friendly relations with foreign Protestant churches. As Master of St Catharine’s and Vice-Chancellor,[139] he went through a critical experience, which is narrated13 by Fuller. The Duke of Northumberland, who was at Cambridge in the hope of intercepting14 Mary’s progress from the Eastern Counties to London, ordered Sandys to preach before him at the University Church. Sandys was a timid man and had very little faith in Lady Jane Grey’s cause, so that the order caused him some perplexity. He rose at a very early hour next morning, and took the sortes Biblicae after the approved manner of the sixteenth century. The text at which his Bible opened was the sixteenth and seventeenth verses of the first chapter of Joshua, “All that thou commandest us we will do, and whithersoever thou sendest us we will go. According as we hearkened unto Moses in all things, so will we hearken unto thee: only the Lord thy God be with thee, as he was with Moses.” He preached from this text in so politic15 a manner that no one could find a handle of accusation16 against him. The exacting17 Northumberland came back to Cambridge after a short tour in Suffolk, well aware that his enterprise was over, and with the forlorn hope that, if he proclaimed Mary queen, he might win his pardon. He invited Sandys to join in the proclamation with him, but the Vice-Chancellor refused with an answer that must have been a very cold comfort to Northumberland. The Duke, however, went through the business mechanically at the old Market Cross, and was arrested very soon afterwards at his lodgings18 in King’s. Sandys escaped to the Netherlands,[140] and returned when Elizabeth came to the throne. He is buried at Southwell, where the archbishops of York had one of their palaces.
John Overall, Bishop11 of Lichfield, and afterwards of Norwich, another of the translators of the Bible, was master from 1598 to 1607. The college leaned throughout its history to the Puritanic side of the religious question, and Richard Sibbes, master from 1626 to 1635, is one of those strongly Puritan divines who had the advantage of an University education. His evangelical theology, rich in quaint19 phrase and full of ingenious learning, is still popular with serious readers, although his fame has been somewhat overshadowed by the greater names of Bunyan, Baxter, and John Owen. In spite of this spiritual activity, it appears that the college was about this time in a very bad and ruinous state, and, on the side of Trumpington Street, was excessively cramped for room. During the mastership of John Hills, Sibbes’ predecessor20, John Gostlin, the eccentric master of Caius, gave the Bull Inn, which was his personal property, to the college, and thus the society was enabled to enlarge its frontiers. Nevertheless, the commotions21 of the Civil Wars delayed operations until long after the Restoration, when Dr John Eachard, master in 1675, carried out the longed-for improvements. There is no college whose external appearance belies22 a medieval foundation more than St Catharine’s.
Side by side with Sibbes we may reckon the[141] famous Dissenting23 preacher, Edmund Calamy, who was also a member of this college and was connected with Sidney as well. But, after the Restoration and Eachard’s improvements, St Catharine’s settled down again to its episcopal traditions. Sir William Dawes, Eachard’s successor from 1697 to 1714, was a worthy24 but in no way remarkable25 Archbishop of York. During his time, however, the society received a famous member in the militant26 Benjamin Hoadly,* Bishop first of Bangor, then of Hereford, then of Salisbury, and lastly of Winchester. It is curious that Hoadly, the typical Latitudinarian, as the ugly phrase goes, of his age, and his opponent, the no less typical High Churchman, William Law, were members of the two Cambridge colleges which had shown most activity on the Puritan side, St Catharine’s and Emmanuel. Hoadly’s book, On the Nature of the Kingdom and Church of Christ, is his chief claim to celebrity27, as the doctrines28 which it advocated gave rise to the Bangorian Controversy29 and were the cause of many polemical treatises30 which have a distinct literary rank.
Other members of St Catharine’s about the end of the seventeenth century were Dr John Lightfoot,* master from 1650 to 1675, illustrious as an Orientalist; John Strype, the ecclesiastical antiquarian, who died in 1737 at the advanced age of ninety-four; and John Ray,* the naturalist31, who died in 1705. In 1704, during Dawes’ mastership, the chapel was consecrated32 by Bishop[142] Simon Patrick of Ely, who was a member of Queens’ College. In 1714, Dawes was succeeded by Thomas Sherlock,* whose oratorical33 powers gained him the Bishoprick of London. His sermons, which are specimens34 of a cold and stilted35 kind of eloquence36, are read no longer, but his name survives as that of one of the great preachers of the last century. His successors down to the end of the century have not much interest outside the college. The long mastership of Dr Procter* covers almost the first half of the nineteenth century. During his time, the versatile37 Dr Turton* was fellow of the college and held various professorships. He became Dean of Westminster and eventually Bishop of Ely, where he continued till within comparatively recent years. He is perhaps best remembered as the composer of one of the most beautiful hymn-tunes which we possess—the tune38 called by him “Ely.” The college produced yet another bishop in Dr Procter’s successor, Henry Philpott, who was made Bishop of Worcester in 1861. He was succeeded by the present master, Dr Robinson. The mastership of St Catharine’s is one of those pleasant posts, which, like Pembroke College at Oxford39, have a canonry attached to them. The canonry belonging to St Catharine’s is at Norwich, the pleasantest of all English cathedral cities, and, during the long vacation, the master fulfils his term of residence in the Norwich close. Among recent distinguished40 members of St Catharine’s we may mention Dr George Forrest[143] Browne, late Disney Professor of Arch?ology, who succeeded Dean Gregory as Canon of St Paul’s, and was, in 1897, translated from the suffragan Bishoprick of Stepney to the revived Bishoprick of Bristol.
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1 manor | |
n.庄园,领地 | |
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2 scholastic | |
adj.学校的,学院的,学术上的 | |
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3 chapel | |
n.小教堂,殡仪馆 | |
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4 radical | |
n.激进份子,原子团,根号;adj.根本的,激进的,彻底的 | |
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5 alteration | |
n.变更,改变;蚀变 | |
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6 Founder | |
n.创始者,缔造者 | |
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7 pious | |
adj.虔诚的;道貌岸然的 | |
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8 cramped | |
a.狭窄的 | |
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9 thoroughly | |
adv.完全地,彻底地,十足地 | |
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10 clergy | |
n.[总称]牧师,神职人员 | |
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11 bishop | |
n.主教,(国际象棋)象 | |
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12 reign | |
n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势 | |
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13 narrated | |
v.故事( narrate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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14 intercepting | |
截取(技术),截接 | |
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15 politic | |
adj.有智虑的;精明的;v.从政 | |
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16 accusation | |
n.控告,指责,谴责 | |
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17 exacting | |
adj.苛求的,要求严格的 | |
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18 lodgings | |
n. 出租的房舍, 寄宿舍 | |
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19 quaint | |
adj.古雅的,离奇有趣的,奇怪的 | |
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20 predecessor | |
n.前辈,前任 | |
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21 commotions | |
n.混乱,喧闹,骚动( commotion的名词复数 ) | |
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22 belies | |
v.掩饰( belie的第三人称单数 );证明(或显示)…为虚假;辜负;就…扯谎 | |
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23 dissenting | |
adj.不同意的 | |
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24 worthy | |
adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的 | |
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25 remarkable | |
adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的 | |
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26 militant | |
adj.激进的,好斗的;n.激进分子,斗士 | |
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27 celebrity | |
n.名人,名流;著名,名声,名望 | |
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28 doctrines | |
n.教条( doctrine的名词复数 );教义;学说;(政府政策的)正式声明 | |
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29 controversy | |
n.争论,辩论,争吵 | |
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30 treatises | |
n.专题著作,专题论文,专著( treatise的名词复数 ) | |
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31 naturalist | |
n.博物学家(尤指直接观察动植物者) | |
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32 consecrated | |
adj.神圣的,被视为神圣的v.把…奉为神圣,给…祝圣( consecrate的过去式和过去分词 );奉献 | |
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33 oratorical | |
adj.演说的,雄辩的 | |
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34 specimens | |
n.样品( specimen的名词复数 );范例;(化验的)抽样;某种类型的人 | |
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35 stilted | |
adj.虚饰的;夸张的 | |
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36 eloquence | |
n.雄辩;口才,修辞 | |
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37 versatile | |
adj.通用的,万用的;多才多艺的,多方面的 | |
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38 tune | |
n.调子;和谐,协调;v.调音,调节,调整 | |
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39 Oxford | |
n.牛津(英国城市) | |
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40 distinguished | |
adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的 | |
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