Meantime Venus, beholding9 the plight10 of her son Aeneas, had hastened off to Olympus to remind Jupiter of his promise to protect the remnant of the Trojan race. Bestowing12 a kiss, the King of the Gods assured her that after sundry13 vicissitudes14 Aeneas would reach Italy, where in due time his son would found Alba Longa. Jupiter added a brief sketch15 of what would befall this hero's race, until, some three hundred years after his death, one of his descendants, the Vestal Ilia, would bear twin sons to Mars, god of War. One of these, Romulus, would found the city of Rome, where the Trojan race would continue its heroic career and where Caesar would appear to fill the world with his fame.
"From Troy's fair stock shall Caesar rise,
The limits of whose victories
Are ocean, of his fame the skies."[5]
Having thus quieted Venus' apprehensions17 in regard to her son, Jupiter directed Mercury to hasten off to Carthage so as to warn Dido she is to receive hospitably19 the Trojan guests.
After a sleepless20 night Aeneas again set out with Achates to explore, and encountered in the forest his goddess mother in the guise21 of a Tyrian huntress. In respectful terms—for he suspected she was some divinity in disguise—Aeneas begged for information and learned he has landed in the realm of Dido. Warned in a vision that her brother had secretly slain22 her husband and was plotting against her life, this Tyrian queen had fled from Tyre with friends and wealth, and, on reaching this part of Africa, had, thanks to the clever device of a bull's hide, obtained land enough to found the city of Byrsa or Carthage. In return Aeneas gave the strange huntress his name, relating how the storm had scattered23 all his vessels save the seven anchored close by. To allay24 his anxiety in regard to his friends, Venus assured him that twelve swans flying overhead were omens25 of the safety of his ships, and it was only when she turned to leave him that Aeneas recognized his mother, who, notwithstanding his desire to embrace her, promptly28 disappeared.
The two Trojans now walked on in the direction she indicated until dazzled by the beauty of the new city of Carthage, which was rising rapidly, thanks to the activity of Dido's subjects. In its centre stood a wonderful temple, whose brazen29 gates were decorated with scenes from the War of Troy. Hidden from all eyes by a divine mist, Aeneas and Achates tearfully gazed upon these reminders30 of the glories past and mingled31 with the throng32 until Queen Dido appeared.
She was no sooner seated upon her throne than she summoned into her presence some prisoners just secured, in whom Aeneas recognized with joy the various captains of his missing ships. Then he overheard them bewail the storm which robbed them of their leader, and was pleased because Dido promised them entertainment and ordered a search made for their chief.
The right moment having come, the cloud enveloping33 Aeneas and Achates parted, and Dido thus suddenly became aware of the presence of other strangers in their midst. Endowed by Venus with special attractions so as to secure the favor of the Libyan queen, Aeneas stepped gracefully34 forward, made himself known, and, after paying due respect to the queen, joyfully35 greeted his comrades. Happy to harbor so famous a warrior36, Dido invited Aeneas to a banquet in her palace, an invitation he gladly accepted, charging Achates to hasten back to the ships to announce their companions' safety and to summon Iulus or Ascanius to join his father. To make quite sure Aeneas should captivate Dido's heart, Venus now substituted Cupid for Iulus, whom she meantime conveyed to one of her favorite resorts. It was therefore in the guise of the Trojan prince that Cupid, during the banquet, caressingly37 nestled in Dido's arms and stealthily effaced38 from her heart all traces of her former husband's face, filling it instead with a resistless passion for Aeneas, which soon impelled39 her to invite him to relate his escape from Troy.
Book II. With the eyes of all present upon him, Aeneas related how the Greeks finally devised a colossal40 wooden horse, wherein their bravest chiefs remained concealed42 while the remainder of their forces pretended to sail home, although they anchored behind a neighboring island to await the signal to return and sack Troy. Overjoyed by the departure of the foe44, the Trojans hastened down to the shore, where, on discovering the huge wooden horse, they joyfully proposed to drag it into their city as a trophy45. In vain their priest, Laocoon, implored47 them to desist, hurling48 his spear at the horse to prove it was hollow and hence might conceal43 some foe. This daring and apparent sacrilege horrified49 the Trojans, who, having secured a Greek fugitive50 in a swamp near by, besought51 him to disclose what purpose the horse was to serve. Pretending to have suffered great injustice52 at the Greeks' hands, the slave (Sinon) replied that if they removed the wooden horse into their walls the Trojans would greatly endanger the safety of their foes53, who had left it on the shore to propitiate54 Neptune. Enticed55 by this prospect56, the Trojans proved more eager than ever to drag the horse into their city, even though it necessitated57 pulling down part of their walls. Meantime part of the crowd gathered about Laocoon who was to offer public thanks on the sea-shore, but, even while he was standing27 at the altar, attended by his sons, two huge serpents arose out of the sea and, coiling fiercely around priest and both acolytes58, throttled59 them in spite of their efforts.
He strains his strength their knots to tear,
While gore60 and slime his fillets smear61,
And to the unregardful skies
Sends up his agonizing62 cries.
On seeing this, the horror-struck Trojans immediately concluded
Laocoon was being punished for having attacked the wooden horse, which
they joyfully dragged into Troy, although the prophet-princess,
Cassandra, besought them to desist, foretelling63 all manner of woe64.
Night now fell upon the city, where, for the first time in ten years, all slept peacefully without fear of surprise. At midnight Sinon released the captive Greeks from the wooden steed, and, joined by their companions, who had noiselessly returned, they swarmed65 all over the undefended city. Aeneas graphically66 described for Dido's benefit his peaceful sleep, when the phantom67 of the slaughtered68 Hector bade him arise and flee with his family, because the Greeks had already taken possession of Troy! At this moment loud clamors awakened69 him, confirming what he had just heard in dream. Aeneas immediately rushed to the palace to defend his king, he and his men stripping the armor from fallen Greeks to enable them to get there unmolested. Still, they arrived only in time to see Achilles' son rush into the throne-room and cruelly murder the aged6 Priam after killing71 his youngest son. They also beheld72 the shrieking73 women ruthlessly dragged off into captivity74, Cassandra wildly predicting the woes75 which would befall the Greek chiefs on their way home.
Ah see! the Priameian fair,
Cassandra, by her streaming hair
Is dragged from Pallas' shrine76,
Her wild eyes raised to Heaven in vain—
Her eyes, alas77! for cord and chain
Her tender hands confine.
The fall of aged Priam and the plight of the women reminding Aeneas of the danger of his own father, wife, and son, he turned to rush home. On his way thither78 he met his mother, who for a moment removed the mortal veil from his eyes, to let him see Neptune, Minerva, and Juno zealously79 helping80 to ruin Troy. Because Venus passionately81 urged her son to escape while there was yet time, Aeneas, on reaching home, besought his father Anchises to depart, but it was only when the old man saw a bright flame hover82 over the head of his grandson, Iulus, that he realized heaven intended to favor his race and consented to leave. Seeing him too weak to walk, his son bade him hold the household goods, and carried him off on his back, leading his boy by the hand and calling to his wife and servants to follow. Thus burdened, Aeneas reached a ruined fane by the shore, only to discover his beloved wife was missing. Anxiously retracing83 his footsteps, he encountered her shade, which bade him cease seeking for her among the living and hasten to Hesperia, where a new wife and home awaited him.
"Then, while I dewed with tears my cheek
And strove a thousand things to speak,
She melted into night:
Thrice I essayed her neck to clasp:
Thrice the vain semblance84 mocked my grasp,
As wind or slumber85 light."
Thus enlightened in regard to his consort's fate and wishes, Aeneas hastened back to his waiting companions, and with them prepared to leave the Trojan shores.
Book III. Before long Aeneas' fleet landed on the Thracian coast, where, while preparing a sacrifice, our hero was horrified to see blood flow from the trees he cut down. This phenomenon was, however, explained by an underground voice, relating how a Trojan was robbed and slain by the inhabitants of this land, and how trees had sprung from the javelins86 stuck in his breast.
Unwilling87 to linger in such a neighborhood, Aeneas sailed to Delos, where an oracle88 informed him he would be able to settle only in the land whence his ancestors had come. Although Anchises interpreted this to mean they were to go to Crete, the household gods informed Aeneas, during the journey thither, that Hesperia was their destined goal. After braving a three-days tempest, Aeneas landed on the island of the Harpies, horrible monsters who defiled89 the travellers' food each time a meal was spread. They not only annoyed Aeneas in this way, but predicted, when attacked, that he should find a home only when driven by hunger to eat boards.
"But ere your town with walls ye fence,
Fierce famine, retribution dread90
For this your murderous violence,
Shall make you eat your boards for bread."
Sailing off again, the Trojans next reached Epirus, which they found governed by Helenus, a Trojan, for Achilles' son had already been slain. Although Hector's widow was now queen of the realm where she had been brought a captive, she still mourned for her noble husband, and gladly welcomed the fugitives91 for his sake. It was during the parting sacrifice that Helenus predicted that, after long wanderings, his guests would settle in Italy, in a spot where they would find a white sow suckling thirty young. He also cautioned Aeneas about the hidden dangers of Charybdis and Scylla, and bade him visit the Cumaean Sibyl, so as to induce her, if possible, to lend him her aid.
Restored and refreshed by this brief sojourn92 among kinsmen93, Aeneas and his followers94 resumed their journey, steering95 by the stars and avoiding all landing in eastern or southern Italy which was settled by Greeks. After passing Charybdis and Scylla unharmed, and after gazing in awe96 at the plume97 of smoke crowning Mt. Aetna, the Trojans rescued one of the Greeks who had escaped with Ulysses from the Cyclops' cave but who had not contrived98 to sail away.
To rest his weary men, Aeneas finally landed at Drepanum, in Sicily, where his old father died and was buried with all due pomp. It was shortly after leaving this place, that Aeneas' fleet had been overtaken by the terrible tempest which had driven his vessels to Dido's shore.
So King Aeneas told his tale
While all beside were still,
Rehearsed the fortunes of his sail
And fate's mysterious will:
Then to its close his legend brought
And gladly took the rest he sought.
Book IV. While Aeneas rested peacefully, Dido's newborn passion kept her awake, causing her at dawn to rouse her sister Anna, so as to impart to her the agitated99 state of her feelings. Not only did Anna encourage her sister to marry again, but united with her in a prayer to which Venus graciously listened, although Juno reminded her that Trojans and Carthaginians were destined to be foes. Still, as Goddess of Marriage, Juno finally consented that Aeneas and Dido be brought together in the course of that day's hunt.
We now have a description of the sunrise, of the preparations for the chase, of the queen's dazzling appearance, and of the daring huntsmanship of the false Iulus. But the brilliant hunting expedition is somewhat marred100 in the middle of the day by a sudden thunderstorm, during which Aeneas and Dido accidentally seek refuge in the same cave, where we are given to understand their union takes place. So momentous101 a step, proclaimed by the hundred-mouthed Goddess of Fame, rouses the ire of the native chiefs, one of whom fervently102 hopes Carthage may rue70 having spared these Trojan refugees. This prayer is duly registered by Jupiter, who further bids Mercury remind Aeneas his new realm is to be founded in Italy and not on the African coast!
Thus divinely ordered to leave, Aeneas dares not disobey, but, dreading103 Dido's reproaches and tears, he prepares to depart secretly. His plans are, however, detected by Dido, who vehemently104 demands, how he dares forsake105 her now? By Jupiter's orders, Aeneas remains106 unmoved by her reproaches, and sternly reminds her that he always declared he was bound for Italy. So, leaving Dido to brood over her wrongs, Aeneas hastens down to the shore to hasten his preparations for departure. Seeing this, Dido implores107 her sister to detain her lover, and, as this proves vain, orders a pyre erected108, on which she places all the objects Aeneas has used.
That night the gods arouse Aeneas from slumber to bid him sail without taking leave of the Tyrian queen. In obedience109 to this command, our hero cuts with his sword the rope which moors110 his vessel4 to the Carthaginian shore, and sails away, closely followed by the rest of his fleet. From the watch-tower at early dawn, Dido discovers his vanishing sails, and is so overcome by grief that, after rending111 "her golden length of hair" and calling down vengeance112 upon Aeneas, she stabs herself and breathes her last in the midst of the burning pyre. The Carthaginians, little expecting so tragical113 a denouement114, witness the agony of their beloved queen in speechless horror, while Anna wails115 aloud. Gazing down from heaven upon this sad scene, Juno directs Iris116 to hasten down and cut off a lock of Dido's hair, for it is only when this mystic ceremony has been performed that the soul can leave the body. Iris therefore speedily obeys, saying:
"This lock to Dis I bear away
And free you from your load of clay:"
So shears117 the lock: the vital heats
Disperse118, and breath in air retreats.
Book V. Sailing on, Aeneas, already dismayed by the smoke rising from the Carthaginian shore, is further troubled by rapidly gathering119 clouds. His weather-wise pilot, Palinurus, suggests that, since "the west is darkening into wrath," they run into the Drepanum harbor, which they enter just one year after Anchises' death. There they show due respect to the dead by a sacrifice, of which a serpent takes his tithe120, and proceed to celebrate funeral games. We now have a detailed121 account of the winning of prizes for the naval122, foot, horse and chariot races, and the boxing and archery matches.
While all the men are thus congenially occupied, the Trojan women, instigated123 by Juno in disguise, set fire to the ships, so they need no longer wander over seas they have learned to loathe124. One of the warriors125, seeing the smoke, raises the alarm, and a moment later his companions dash down to the shore to save their ships. Seeing his fleet in flames, Aeneas wrings126 his hands, and prays with such fervor127 that a cloudburst drenches128 his burning vessels. Four, however, are beyond repair; so Aeneas, seeing he no longer has ship-room for all his force, allows the Trojans most anxious to rest to settle in Drepanum, taking with him only those who are willing to share his fortunes.
Before he leaves, his father's ghost appears to him, bidding him, before settling in Latium, descend16 into Hades by way of Lake Avernus, and visit him in the Elysian Fields to hear what is to befall his race.
When Aeneas leaves Drepanum on the next day, his mother pleads so successfully in his behalf that Neptune promises to exact only one life as toll129.
"One life alone shall glut130 the wave;
One head shall fall the rest to save."
Book VI. Steering to Cumae, where the Sibyl dwells, Aeneas seeks her cave, whose entrance is barred by bronzen gates, on which is represented the story of Daedalus,—the first bird man,—who, escaping from the Labyrinth131 at Crete, gratefully laid his wings on this altar. We are further informed that the Sibyl generally wrote her oracles132 on separate oak leaves, which were set in due order in her cave, but which the wind, as soon as the doors opened, scattered or jumbled133 together, so that most of her predictions proved unintelligible134 to those who visited her shrine. After a solemn invocation, Aeneas besought her not to baffle him by writing on oak leaves, and was favored by her apparition135 and the announcement that, after escaping sundry perils136 by land and sea and reddening the Tiber with blood, he would, thanks to Greek aid, triumph over his foes and settle in Latium with a new bride. Undaunted by the prospect of these trials, Aeneas besought the Sibyl to guide him down to Hades, to enable him to visit his father, a journey she flatly refused to undertake, unless he procured137 the golden bough138 which served as a key to that region, and unless he showed due respect to the corpse139 of his friend. Although both conditions sounded mysterious when uttered, Aeneas discovered, on rejoining his crew, that one of his Trojans had been slain. After celebrating his funeral, our hero wandered off into a neighboring forest, where some doves—his mother's birds—guided him to the place where grew the golden bough he coveted140.
Armed with this talisman141 and escorted by the Sibyl, Aeneas, by way of Lake Avernus, entered the gloomy cave which formed the entrance to Hades. Following the flying footsteps of his mystic guide, he there plunged142 into the realm of night, soon reaching the precinct of departed souls, where he saw innumerable shades. Although he immediately crossed the river in Charon's leaky punt, many spirits were obliged to wait a hundred years, simply because they could not pay for their passage. Among these unfortunates Aeneas recognized his recently drowned pilot, who related how he had come to his death and by what means he was going to secure funeral honors.
In spite of the three-headed dog and sundry other grewsome sights, Aeneas and his guide reached the place where Minos holds judgment143 over arriving souls, and viewed the region where those who died for love were herded144 together. Among these ghosts was Dido, but, although Aeneas pityingly addressed her, she sullenly145 refused to answer a word. Farther on Aeneas came to the place of dead heroes, and there beheld brave Hector and clever Teucer, together with many other warriors who took part in the Trojan War.
After allowing him to converse146 a brief while with these friends, the Sibyl vouchsafed147 Aeneas a passing glimpse of Tartarus and of its great criminals, then she hurried him on to the Elysian Fields, the home of "the illustrious dead, who fighting for their country bled," to inquire for Anchises. The visitors were immediately directed to a quiet valley, where they found the aged Trojan, pleasantly occupied contemplating148 the unborn souls destined to pass gradually into the upper world and animate149 the bodies of his progeny150. On beholding his son, who, as at Drepanum, vainly tried to embrace him, Anchises revealed all he had learned in regard to life, death, and immortality151, and gave a synopsis153 of the history of Rome for the next thousand years, naming its great worthies154, from Romulus, founder155 of Rome, down to Augustus, first emperor and ruler of the main part of the world.
This account of the glories and vicissitudes of his race takes considerable time, and when it is finished the Sibyl guides Aeneas back to earth by one of the two gates which lead out of this dismal156 region. Pleased with having accomplished157 his errand so successfully and duly encouraged by all he has learned, Aeneas returns to his fleet and sets sail for the home he is so anxious to reach.
Book VII. We now skirt with Aeneas the west coast of Italy, sail past Circe's island, and see his ships driven up the winding158 Tiber by favorable winds. On his first landing the Muse159 Erato rehearses for our benefit the history of the Latins, whose royal race, represented at present by Latinus, claims to descend from Saturn160. Although Latinus has already betrothed161 his daughter Lavinia to Turnus, a neighboring prince, he is favored by an omen26 at the moment when the Trojans land. On seeking an interpretation162 of this sign, he learns he is not to bestow11 his daughter upon Turnus, but is to reserve her hand for a stranger, whose descendants will be powerful indeed.
Meantime the Trojans feast upon meat which is served to each man on a wheaten cake. Young Iulus, greedily devouring163 his, exclaims playfully that he is so hungry he has actually eaten the board on which his meal was spread! Hearing these significant words, his happy father exclaims they have reached their destined goal, since the Harpies' terrifying prophecy has been fulfilled.
"Hail, auspicious164 land!" he cries,
"So long from Fate my due!
All hail, ye Trojan deities165,
To Trojan fortunes true!
At length we rest, no more to roam.
Here is our country, here our home."
Then the Trojans begin to explore, and, discovering Latinus' capital, send thither an embassy of a hundred men, who are hospitably entertained. After hearing all they have to say, Latinus assures them that men of his race once migrated from Asia, and that the gods have just enjoined166 upon him to bestow his daughter upon a foreign bridegroom. When he proposes to unite Lavinia to Aeneas, Juno, unable to prevent a marriage decreed by Fate, tries to postpone167 it by infuriating Amata, mother of the bride, and causing her to flee into the woods with her daughter.
Not satisfied with one manifestation168 of power, Juno despatches Discord169 to ask Turnus if he will tamely allow his promised bride to be given to another man? Such a taunt170 is sufficient to determine hot-headed Turnus to make war, but, as a pretext171 is lacking, one of the Furies prompts Iulus to pursue and wound the pet stag of a young shepherdess called Sylvia. The distress172 of this rustic173 maid so excites her shepherd brothers that they fall upon the Trojans, who, of course, defend themselves, and thus the conflict begins. Having successfully broken the peace, Discord hastens back to Juno, who, seeing Latinus would fain remain neutral, compels him to take part in the war by opening with her own hand the gates of the temple of Janus. Here the poet recites the names of the various heroes about to distinguish themselves on either side, specially174 mentioning in the Rutules' force Mezentius, his son Lausus, and the Volscian maid Camilla, who prefers the stirring life of a camp to the peaceful avocations175 of her sex.
Book VIII. Because Turnus is reinforced by many allies, Aeneas is anxious to secure some too, and soon sets out to seek the aid of Evander, king of Etruria, formerly176 a Greek. On his way to this realm, Aeneas perceives on the banks of the Tiber a white sow with thirty young, which he sacrifices to the gods in gratitude177 for having pointed178 out to him the spot where his future capital will rise. On reaching the Etruscan's stronghold, Aeneas readily secures the promise of a large contingent179 of warriors, who prepare to join him under the command of Pallas, son of the king. He then assists at a great Etruscan banquet in honor of one of Hercules' triumphs, and while he is sleeping there his mother, Venus, induces her blacksmith husband, Vulcan, to make him a suit of armor.
Dawn having appeared, Evander entertains his guests with tales, while his son completes his preparations. Aeneas' departure, however, is hastened by Venus, who warns her son that his camp is in danger when she delivers to him the armor she has procured. This is adorned180 by many scenes in the coming history of Rome, among which special mention is made of the twins suckled by the traditional wolf, of the kidnapping of the Sabines, and of the heroic deeds of Cocles, Cloelia, and Manlius, as well as battles and festivals galore.[6]
Book IX. Meantime, obedient to Turnus' orders, the Rutules have surrounded the Trojan camp and set fire to Aeneas' ships. But, as Fate has decreed these vessels shall be immortal152, they sink beneath the waves as soon as the flames touch them, only to reappear a moment later as ocean-nymphs and swim down the Tiber to warn Aeneas of the danger of his friends. This miracle awes181 the foe, until Turnus boldly interprets it in his favor, whereupon the Rutules attack the foreigners' camp so furiously that the Trojans gladly accept the proposal made by Nisus and Euryalus to slip out and summon Aeneas to return.
Stealing out of the Trojan camp by night, these two heroes bravely thread their way through their sleeping foes, killing sundry famous warriors as they go, and appropriating choice bits of their spoil. Leaving death in their wake, the two Trojans pass through the enemy's ranks and finally enter a forest, where they are pursued by a troop of the Volscians, who surround and slay182 Euryalus. But, although Nisus first manages to escape from their hands, he returns to defend his comrade and is slain too. The Volscians therefore bear two bloody183 heads to the Rutules camp to serve as their war standards on the next day. It is thus that Euryalus' mother becomes aware of the death of her son, whom she mourns in touching184 terms.
"Was it this, ah me,
I followed over land and sea?
O slay me, Rutules! if ye know
A mother's love, on me bestow
The tempest of your spears!
Or thou, great Thunderer, pity take,
And whelm me 'neath the Stygian lake,
Since otherwise I may not break
This life of bitter tears!"
To recount all the deeds of valor185 performed on this day would require much space, but, although Mars inspires the party of Aeneas with great courage, it is evidently on the verge186 of defeat when Jupiter orders Turnus to withdraw.
Book X. Having convoked187 his Olympian council, Jupiter forbids the gods to interfere188 on either side, and decrees that the present quarrel shall be settled without divine aid. Hearing this, Venus vehemently protests that, having promised her son should found a new realm in Italy, he is bound to protect him, while Juno argues with equal force that the Trojans should be further punished for kidnapping Helen. Silencing both goddesses, Jupiter reiterates189 his orders and dissolves the assembly.
The scene now changes back to earth, where the Trojans, closely hemmed190 in by foes, long for Aeneas' return. He, on his way back, encounters the sea-nymphs, who explain they were once his ships and bid him hasten and rescue his son. Thus admonished191, Aeneas hurries back, to take part in a battle where many heroic deeds are performed, and where Turnus, Mezentius, and Lausus prove bravest on the enemy's side, although they find their match in Aeneas, Pallas, and Iulus. Among the brilliant duels193 fought, mention must be made of one between Pallas and Turnus, where notwithstanding his courage the Trojan prince succumbs194. After stripping his companion of his armor, Turnus abandons his corpse to his friends, who mourn to think that he lost his life while helping them. Vowing195 to avenge196 him, Aeneas next attacks his foe with such fury that it seems as if Turnus' last day has come, but Juno pleads so eloquently197 in his behalf, that, although Fate has decreed he shall perish, she grants him brief respite198.
To preserve Turnus from the deadly blows of the real Aeneas, Juno causes him to pursue a phantom foe on board a ship, whose moorings she loosens, thus setting him adrift upon the Tiber. Perceiving only then how he has been tricked, Turnus threatens to slay himself, but is restrained by Juno, who after awhile allows him to land and return to the battle. Thus deprived of his principal foe, Aeneas ranges over the battle-field, where he wounds Mezentius and kills Lausus. Seeing his beloved son is gone, Mezentius is so anxious to die that he now offers an unresisting throat to Aeneas, who slays199 him on the spot.
"One boon200 (if vanquished201 foe may crave202
The victor's grace) I ask—a grave.
My wrathful subjects round me wait:
Protect me from their savage203 hate,
And let me in the tomb enjoy
The presence of my slaughtered boy."
Book XI. Having made a trophy of the enemies' spoil, Aeneas, even before proceeding204 to bury his own comrades, adorns205 the body of Pallas and sends it back to Etruria. Then he bargains with Turnus' ambassadors for a twelve-days truce206, during which both parties celebrate pompous207 funerals, the finest of all being that of Pallas.
Hoping to check further bloodshed, Latinus now proposes a peace, whose terms Aeneas is willing to accept, but which Turnus angrily rejects since they deprive him of his promised bride. The conflict is therefore resumed, and the next interesting episode refers to Camilla, the warrior maid, whose father when she was only a babe tied her to the shaft208 of his spear and flung her across a torrent209 he was unable to stem with her in his arms. Having thus saved her from the enemy's clutches, this father taught Camilla to fight so bravely, that she causes dire18 havoc210 among the Trojans before she dies, using her last breath to implore46 Turnus to hasten to the rescue.
"Go: my last charge to Turnus tell,
To haste with succor211, and repel212
The Trojans from the town—farewell."
She spoke213, and speaking, dropped her rein41,
Perforce descending214 to the plain.
Then by degrees she slips away
From all that heavy load of clay:
Her languid neck, her drowsy215 head
She droops216 to earth, of vigor217 sped:
She lets her martial218 weapons go:
The indignant soul flies down below.
Book XII. Unappeased by Latinus' reiterated219 assertions that he is bestowing Lavinia upon a stranger merely to obey the gods, or by the entreaties220 in which Amata now joins, Turnus still refuses peace. More fighting therefore ensues, during which Aeneas is wounded in the thigh221. While his leech222 is vainly trying to stanch223 his blood, Venus drops a magic herb into the water used for bathing his wounds and thus miraculously224 cures him. Plunging225 back into the fray226, which becomes so horrible that Amata brings Lavinia home and commits suicide, Turnus and Aeneas finally meet in duel192, but, although Juno would fain interfere once more in behalf of her protégé, Jupiter refuses to allow it. But he grants instead his wife's petition that the Trojan name and language shall forever be merged227 into that of the Latin race.
"Let Latium prosper228 as she will,
Their thrones let Alban monarchs229 fill;
Let Rome be glorious on the earth,
The centre of Italian worth;
But fallen Troy be fallen still,
The nation and the name."
Toward the end of this momentous encounter, during which both heroes indulged in sundry boastful speeches, a bird warns Turnus that his end is near, and his sister Juturna basely deserts him. Driven to bay and deprived of all other weapons, Turnus finally hurls230 a rock at Aeneas, who, dodging231 this missile, deals him a deadly wound. Turnus now pitifully begs for mercy, but the sight of Pallas' belt, which his foe proudly wears, so angers Aeneas that, after wrathfully snatching it from him, he deals his foe the deadly blow which ends this epic232.
"What! in my friend's dear spoils arrayed
To me for mercy sue?
'Tis Pallas, Pallas guides the blade:
From your cursed blood his injured shade
Thus takes atonement due."
Thus as he spoke, his sword he drave
With fierce and fiery233 blow
Through the broad breast before him spread:
The stalwart limbs grow cold and dead:
One groan234 the indignant spirit gave,
Then sought the shades below.
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commotion
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| n.骚动，动乱 | |
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frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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Neptune
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| n.海王星 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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7
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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8
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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9
beholding
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| v.看，注视( behold的现在分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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10
plight
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| n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定 | |
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11
bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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12
bestowing
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| 砖窑中砖堆上层已烧透的砖 | |
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13
sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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14
vicissitudes
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| n.变迁，世事变化；变迁兴衰( vicissitude的名词复数 )；盛衰兴废 | |
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15
sketch
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| n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述 | |
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16
descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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17
apprehensions
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| 疑惧 | |
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18
dire
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| adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的 | |
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19
hospitably
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| 亲切地，招待周到地，善于款待地 | |
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20
sleepless
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| adj.不睡眠的，睡不著的，不休息的 | |
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21
guise
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| n.外表，伪装的姿态 | |
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22
slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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23
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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24
allay
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| v.消除，减轻(恐惧、怀疑等) | |
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25
omens
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| n.前兆，预兆( omen的名词复数 ) | |
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26
omen
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| n.征兆，预兆；vt.预示 | |
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27
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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28
promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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29
brazen
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| adj.厚脸皮的，无耻的，坚硬的 | |
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30
reminders
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| n.令人回忆起…的东西( reminder的名词复数 )；提醒…的东西；（告知该做某事的）通知单；提示信 | |
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31
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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32
throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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33
enveloping
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| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的现在分词 ) | |
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34
gracefully
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| ad.大大方方地；优美地 | |
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35
joyfully
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| adv. 喜悦地, 高兴地 | |
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36
warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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37
caressingly
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| 爱抚地，亲切地 | |
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38
effaced
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| v.擦掉( efface的过去式和过去分词 )；抹去；超越；使黯然失色 | |
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39
impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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40
colossal
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| adj.异常的，庞大的 | |
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41
rein
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| n.疆绳，统治，支配；vt.以僵绳控制，统治 | |
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42
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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43
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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44
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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45
trophy
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| n.优胜旗，奖品，奖杯，战胜品，纪念品 | |
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46
implore
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| vt.乞求，恳求，哀求 | |
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47
implored
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| 恳求或乞求（某人）( implore的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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48
hurling
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| n.爱尔兰式曲棍球v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的现在分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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49
horrified
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| a.(表现出)恐惧的 | |
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50
fugitive
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| adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者 | |
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51
besought
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| v.恳求，乞求（某事物）( beseech的过去式和过去分词 )；(beseech的过去式与过去分词) | |
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52
injustice
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| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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53
foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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54
propitiate
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| v.慰解，劝解 | |
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55
enticed
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| 诱惑，怂恿( entice的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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56
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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57
necessitated
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| 使…成为必要，需要( necessitate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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58
acolytes
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| n.助手( acolyte的名词复数 )；随从；新手；（天主教）侍祭 | |
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59
throttled
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| v.扼杀( throttle的过去式和过去分词 )；勒死；使窒息；压制 | |
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60
gore
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| n.凝血，血污；v.（动物）用角撞伤，用牙刺破；缝以补裆；顶 | |
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61
smear
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| v.涂抹；诽谤，玷污；n.污点；诽谤，污蔑 | |
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62
agonizing
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| adj.痛苦难忍的；使人苦恼的v.使极度痛苦；折磨(agonize的ing形式) | |
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63
foretelling
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| v.预言，预示( foretell的现在分词 ) | |
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64
woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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65
swarmed
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| 密集( swarm的过去式和过去分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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66
graphically
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| adv.通过图表；生动地，轮廓分明地 | |
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67
phantom
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| n.幻影，虚位，幽灵；adj.错觉的，幻影的，幽灵的 | |
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68
slaughtered
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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69
awakened
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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70
rue
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| n.懊悔，芸香，后悔；v.后悔，悲伤，懊悔 | |
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71
killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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72
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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73
shrieking
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| v.尖叫( shriek的现在分词 ) | |
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74
captivity
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| n.囚禁；被俘；束缚 | |
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75
woes
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| 困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉 | |
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76
shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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77
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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78
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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79
zealously
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| adv.热心地；热情地；积极地；狂热地 | |
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80
helping
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| n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的 | |
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81
passionately
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| ad.热烈地，激烈地 | |
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82
hover
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| vi.翱翔，盘旋；徘徊；彷徨，犹豫 | |
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83
retracing
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| v.折回( retrace的现在分词 )；回忆；回顾；追溯 | |
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84
semblance
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| n.外貌，外表 | |
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85
slumber
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| n.睡眠，沉睡状态 | |
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86
javelins
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| n.标枪( javelin的名词复数 ) | |
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87
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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88
oracle
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| n.神谕，神谕处，预言 | |
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89
defiled
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| v.玷污( defile的过去式和过去分词 )；污染；弄脏；纵列行进 | |
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90
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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91
fugitives
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| n.亡命者，逃命者( fugitive的名词复数 ) | |
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92
sojourn
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| v./n.旅居，寄居；逗留 | |
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93
kinsmen
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| n.家属，亲属( kinsman的名词复数 ) | |
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94
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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95
steering
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| n.操舵装置 | |
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96
awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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97
plume
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| n.羽毛；v.整理羽毛，骚首弄姿，用羽毛装饰 | |
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98
contrived
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| adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的 | |
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99
agitated
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| adj.被鼓动的，不安的 | |
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100
marred
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| adj. 被损毁, 污损的 | |
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101
momentous
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| adj.重要的，重大的 | |
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102
fervently
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| adv.热烈地，热情地，强烈地 | |
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103
dreading
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| v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的现在分词 ) | |
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104
vehemently
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| adv. 热烈地 | |
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105
forsake
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| vt.遗弃，抛弃；舍弃，放弃 | |
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106
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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107
implores
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| 恳求或乞求（某人）( implore的第三人称单数 ) | |
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108
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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109
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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110
moors
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| v.停泊，系泊（船只）( moor的第三人称单数 ) | |
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111
rending
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| v.撕碎( rend的现在分词 )；分裂；（因愤怒、痛苦等而）揪扯（衣服或头发等）；（声音等）刺破 | |
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112
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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113
tragical
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| adj. 悲剧的, 悲剧性的 | |
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114
denouement
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| n.结尾，结局 | |
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115
wails
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| 痛哭，哭声( wail的名词复数 ) | |
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116
iris
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| n.虹膜，彩虹 | |
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117
shears
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| n.大剪刀 | |
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118
disperse
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| vi.使分散；使消失；vt.分散；驱散 | |
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119
gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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120
tithe
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| n.十分之一税；v.课什一税，缴什一税 | |
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121
detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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122
naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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123
instigated
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| v.使（某事物）开始或发生，鼓动( instigate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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124
loathe
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| v.厌恶，嫌恶 | |
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125
warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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126
wrings
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| 绞( wring的第三人称单数 )； 握紧（尤指别人的手）； 把（湿衣服）拧干； 绞掉（水） | |
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127
fervor
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| n.热诚；热心；炽热 | |
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128
drenches
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| v.使湿透( drench的第三人称单数 )；在某人（某物）上大量使用（某液体） | |
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129
toll
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| n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟) | |
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130
glut
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| n.存货过多，供过于求；v.狼吞虎咽 | |
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131
labyrinth
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| n.迷宫；难解的事物；迷路 | |
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132
oracles
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| 神示所( oracle的名词复数 )； 神谕； 圣贤； 哲人 | |
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133
jumbled
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| adj.混乱的；杂乱的 | |
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134
unintelligible
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| adj.无法了解的，难解的，莫明其妙的 | |
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135
apparition
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| n.幽灵，神奇的现象 | |
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136
perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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137
procured
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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138
bough
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| n.大树枝，主枝 | |
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139
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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140
coveted
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| adj.令人垂涎的；垂涎的，梦寐以求的v.贪求，觊觎(covet的过去分词)；垂涎；贪图 | |
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141
talisman
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| n.避邪物，护身符 | |
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142
plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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143
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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144
herded
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| 群集，纠结( herd的过去式和过去分词 )； 放牧； （使）向…移动 | |
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145
sullenly
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| 不高兴地，绷着脸，忧郁地 | |
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146
converse
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| vi.谈话，谈天，闲聊；adv.相反的，相反 | |
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147
vouchsafed
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| v.给予，赐予( vouchsafe的过去式和过去分词 )；允诺 | |
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148
contemplating
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| 深思，细想，仔细考虑( contemplate的现在分词 )； 注视，凝视； 考虑接受（发生某事的可能性）； 深思熟虑，沉思，苦思冥想 | |
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149
animate
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| v.赋于生命，鼓励；adj.有生命的，有生气的 | |
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150
progeny
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| n.后代，子孙；结果 | |
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151
immortality
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| n.不死，不朽 | |
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152
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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153
synopsis
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| n.提要，梗概 | |
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154
worthies
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| 应得某事物( worthy的名词复数 )； 值得做某事； 可尊敬的； 有（某人或事物）的典型特征 | |
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155
Founder
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| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
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156
dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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157
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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158
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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159
muse
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| n.缪斯（希腊神话中的女神），创作灵感 | |
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160
Saturn
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| n.农神，土星 | |
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161
betrothed
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| n. 已订婚者 动词betroth的过去式和过去分词 | |
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162
interpretation
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| n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理 | |
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163
devouring
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| 吞没( devour的现在分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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164
auspicious
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| adj.吉利的；幸运的，吉兆的 | |
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165
deities
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| n.神，女神( deity的名词复数 )；神祗；神灵；神明 | |
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166
enjoined
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| v.命令( enjoin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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167
postpone
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| v.延期，推迟 | |
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168
manifestation
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| n.表现形式；表明；现象 | |
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169
discord
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| n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐 | |
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170
taunt
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| n.辱骂，嘲弄；v.嘲弄 | |
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171
pretext
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| n.借口，托词 | |
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172
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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173
rustic
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| adj.乡村的，有乡村特色的；n.乡下人，乡巴佬 | |
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174
specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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175
avocations
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| n.业余爱好，嗜好( avocation的名词复数 )；职业 | |
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176
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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177
gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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178
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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179
contingent
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| adj.视条件而定的；n.一组，代表团，分遣队 | |
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180
adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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181
awes
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| n.敬畏，惊惧( awe的名词复数 )v.使敬畏，使惊惧( awe的第三人称单数 ) | |
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182
slay
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| v.杀死，宰杀，杀戮 | |
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183
bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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184
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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185
valor
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| n.勇气，英勇 | |
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186
verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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187
convoked
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| v.召集，召开（会议）( convoke的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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188
interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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189
reiterates
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| 反复地说，重申( reiterate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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190
hemmed
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| 缝…的褶边( hem的过去式和过去分词 )； 包围 | |
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191
admonished
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| v.劝告( admonish的过去式和过去分词 )；训诫；（温和地）责备；轻责 | |
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192
duel
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| n./v.决斗；(双方的)斗争 | |
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193
duels
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| n.两男子的决斗( duel的名词复数 )；竞争，斗争 | |
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194
succumbs
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| 不再抵抗（诱惑、疾病、攻击等）( succumb的第三人称单数 )； 屈从； 被压垮； 死 | |
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195
vowing
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| 起誓，发誓（vow的现在分词形式） | |
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196
avenge
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| v.为...复仇，为...报仇 | |
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197
eloquently
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| adv. 雄辩地(有口才地, 富于表情地) | |
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198
respite
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| n.休息，中止，暂缓 | |
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199
slays
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的第三人称单数 ) | |
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200
boon
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| n.恩赐，恩物，恩惠 | |
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201
vanquished
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| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制 | |
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202
crave
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| vt.渴望得到，迫切需要，恳求，请求 | |
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203
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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204
proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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205
adorns
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| 装饰，佩带( adorn的第三人称单数 ) | |
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206
truce
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| n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束 | |
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207
pompous
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的；夸大的；豪华的 | |
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208
shaft
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| n.(工具的)柄，杆状物 | |
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209
torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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210
havoc
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| n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱 | |
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211
succor
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| n.援助，帮助；v.给予帮助 | |
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212
repel
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| v.击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥 | |
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213
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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214
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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215
drowsy
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| adj.昏昏欲睡的，令人发困的 | |
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216
droops
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| 弯曲或下垂，发蔫( droop的名词复数 ) | |
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217
vigor
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| n.活力，精力，元气 | |
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218
martial
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| adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的 | |
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219
reiterated
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| 反复地说，重申( reiterate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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220
entreaties
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| n.恳求，乞求( entreaty的名词复数 ) | |
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221
thigh
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| n.大腿；股骨 | |
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222
leech
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| n.水蛭，吸血鬼，榨取他人利益的人；vt.以水蛭吸血；vi.依附于别人 | |
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223
stanch
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| v.止住（血等）；adj.坚固的；坚定的 | |
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224
miraculously
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| ad.奇迹般地 | |
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225
plunging
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| adj.跳进的，突进的v.颠簸( plunge的现在分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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226
fray
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| v.争吵；打斗；磨损，磨破；n.吵架；打斗 | |
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227
merged
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| （使）混合( merge的过去式和过去分词 )； 相融； 融入； 渐渐消失在某物中 | |
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228
prosper
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| v.成功，兴隆，昌盛；使成功，使昌隆，繁荣 | |
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229
monarchs
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| 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
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230
hurls
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的第三人称单数 )；大声叫骂 | |
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231
dodging
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| n.避开，闪过，音调改变v.闪躲( dodge的现在分词 )；回避 | |
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232
epic
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| n.史诗，叙事诗；adj.史诗般的，壮丽的 | |
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233
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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234
groan
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| vi./n.呻吟，抱怨；(发出)呻吟般的声音 | |
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