As I watch my fellow-countrymen strolling about the grounds of the Academy, I often wonder what are their impressions of this institution. To many, of course, the historic traditions of 38 West Point, as well as its functions and purposes, are thoroughly10 familiar, but to a vast majority West Point is a closed book. They see the cadets, the drills, the buildings, perhaps parade, but they never have an opportunity to acquaint themselves with the intimate life of the Academy. They do not derive12 the full benefit from their visit, because they are in the position of regarding the institution from the outside. In many cases, the spirit of investigation13 is restrained by a feeling of timidity upon their part, a feeling of awe14 in the face of military surroundings.
The Army is so little known to the people in the United States, that, to the average civilian15, there seems to be some sort of mystery surrounding military life, and the presence of a man in uniform, with a waist belt and pistol, doing plain police duty, appears to act as a check on every natural impulse. The pleasure of his visit is consequently marred16 to some extent and he feels somewhat ill-at-ease. He wants to investigate with greater freedom, but he shrinks from being told that his projects are “Verboten.” Upon his departure he must of necessity have but a superficial idea of the great work done at the Academy, unless he has been fortunate enough to have some friend stationed at West Point who dissipates the apparently cold atmosphere of military life.
I have often regretted, as I watched the crowds swarming17 around, that each individual might not 39 carry away a real appreciation18 of West Point, instead of leaving with only the most superficial impressions. Unless one has graduated from the Academy it is impossible to seize fully19 the spirit of the institution, or have a clear idea of its intimate life. My long familiarity with West Point, both as a cadet and as an officer, prompts me to portray20 for the American people the history, aims, ideals, and spirit of their National Military Academy.
Class Formation in the Area of Barracks
West Point seen for the first time from the river, whether in sunshine or through the mists, is a sight not soon forgotten. The monumental Riding Hall that rises out of the cliff of which it seems to form a part, first fixes the eye, but as one’s glance wanders a little higher it drinks in the towering pile of Post Headquarters; higher yet, the eye rests for a moment on the crenelated border of the roof of the Academic Building, and then, higher still, it pauses to contemplate21 the beauty of West Point’s crowning architectural achievement, the Cadet Chapel22. For a moment the beholder24 seems withdrawn25 from the sordid26 material world, and filled with a multitude of noble impressions. He experiences a spiritual uplift as he admires the majestic27 simplicity28 and grandeur29 of the buildings, an architectural triumph worthy30 to have inspired Ruskin’s beautiful thought, “frozen music.”
When the Government determined31 to rebuild West Point, nearly fifteen years ago, the presence 40 of two fine buildings of Gothic design—the Library and the Cadet Barracks—decided the style of architecture. These two buildings ranked as perhaps the most successful examples of the Collegiate Gothic that was much in vogue32 for educational institutions in the country half a century ago. A limited competition was held for designs and all architects who had distinguished33 themselves in Gothic work were invited to participate. Several beautiful designs for a Renaissance34 treatment were offered, but one group of architects, Cram35, Goodhue, and Ferguson, submitted drawings for so admirable a Gothic treatment that they received the unanimous approval of a board of judges composed of eminent36 architects. The construction of the new buildings lasted over a period of about seven years, during which time the work was under the direction of Colonel John M. Carson, Jr., Quartermaster, who was representing the Government. In writing a book on West Point, any mention of the buildings involves the name of Colonel Carson who performed his difficult work with an unusual amount of zeal37 and intelligence. The result is that the new buildings are splendidly constructed, and because the architects had an eye for harmony these structures seem to grow out of the rocks upon which they stand, emphasizing rather than detracting from West Point’s natural beauty.
The Administration Building
The north road from the station passes first, on the river side, the Power House built of granite38 41 from local quarries39. It is designed to supply the entire institution with electricity for light and power, and the central buildings with heat from exhaust steam. In a building of this nature, a factory-like look would be taken for granted and pardoned, but, on the contrary, its design is not only adapted for its function, but the building forms an important link in the architectural whole. It assumes its place quite naturally and modestly, almost unobtrusively in the natural landscape, tying the buildings in the upper terrace with the base. The tall smoke-stack is cleverly concealed40 within the walls of an imposing41 granite tower.
On a slightly higher level, and paralleling the river, is the Riding Hall splendidly impressive with its broad flat buttresses42. The latter seem almost akin9 to the classic order, and serve in a very large measure to reconcile the classicism of the neighboring Cullum Memorial Hall,—an exotic among its surroundings—with the dominant43 Gothic of the place. The present Riding Hall occupies the site of not only the old hall, but also of the old Cavalry44 stables, and barracks. The old hall was built in 1855 and, for the number of cadets at West Point during the ensuing fifty years, it was sufficiently45 large. With the increase of the Corps of Cadets, and the quickened interest throughout the Service in equitation, however, more spacious46 accommodations for instruction were required. Usually when a building has served a useful and honorable purpose for 42 many years, its demolition47 is generally viewed with regret. There was, however, no sentimental48 attachment49 for the Riding Hall. Many a painful hour had cadets spent within its walls learning to ride on the bare back of a raw-boned horse, or floundering around in the spongy tanbark.
In the little plaza50 at the junction51 of the Power House and Riding Hall, the road winds and passes under the medi?val arch of the Post Headquarters, or Administration Building. At this point, the bulk and dignity of the buildings are stupendous, and admiringly we stand, imprisoned52, it would seem, in a quadrangle of Middle Age fortresses53, whose sternness and solemnity seem symbolic55 of discipline and strength. The main entrance to the Riding Hall branches from the road a few paces beyond the arch, the lower level of the galleries being reached by a flight of steps that cling to the steep retaining wall of the road. The great arena56 is 150 by 600 feet and is covered by a cantilever57 roof, so that when the eye first encounters this interior, a sensation of its vastness holds the spectator in its grip. The roof is mostly of glass so as to afford a maximum of light, and the floor is covered with tanbark to make more endurable any sudden and unexpected descent from the back of a capricious beast. The building is steam-heated and electric lighted, for during the winter months, equitation drills extend into the late afternoon. The hall can be divided by curtains into three smaller halls, a scheme that permits 43 three classes to undergo instruction at the same time. In one portion of the hall are stalls for one hundred mounts, but the majority of the horses are kept at the cavalry barracks. The hall is so large that during the winter months the U. S. M. A. Battery of Artillery58 uses it for a drill ground, thereby59 keeping the horses in good condition and the men well instructed. Moreover, the officers and cadets are enabled to keep up their practice in polo. Every Wednesday and Saturday afternoon, teams of cadets play each other, or try their skill against civilian opponents. Along the full length of the west wall, and the north and south end, are balconies for the accommodation of visitors who are welcome whenever the hall is open.
Administration
Building Riding
Hall
Passing once more under the arch, we admire again for a moment the graceful60 Herculean proportions of the Administration Building whose imposing square tower, tipped with four smaller towers at the corners, rises precipitately61 one hundred and sixty feet. It is an interesting fact in these days of steel construction that this tower is built of solid masonry63. At the southeast angle of the building, on a level with the base of the main floor, is an enormous eagle carved in granite, its head high, its wings outstretched and flattened64 back proudly against the two sides of the edifice65, as if proclaiming to the world its mission of protection over the Academy whose administrative66 heart is enclosed in this structure. As we ascend67 the stairway, alongside the basement at the left, 44 we pass a large Gothic window which affords light to a vaulted68 hall used for courts-martial. The interior of this hall is in keeping with the medi?val donjon appearance of the whole building, and of such a chill and forbidding aspect as to inspire in the accused a feeling of guilt69, nolens volens. The flight of stairs mounts to the level of the Post proper where an eastern view of the building is disclosed. A large sally-port leads into the court around which the building is constructed.
The exterior70 walls are ornamented71 with shields representing the coats-of-arms of various states, territories, and foreign possessions prepared from the official seals, and expressed according to the laws of Heraldry. The only coat-of-arms of an individual is that of George Washington, at the top of the east elevation72 of the courtyard. The obverse and reverse of the great seal of the United States will be found above the east and west entrances, respectively, of the sally-port. Flanking the obverse of the great seal are the seal of the War Department and the device of the Corps of Engineers. In addition to the shields, the devices of the various staff departments, usually associated with a headquarters, have been placed in the sally-port. Two of them, the Adjutant-General’s Department, and the Quartermaster’s Department, are on shields on the north side of the sally-port, and the Subsistence Department, Signal Corps, Pay Department, Ordnance73 Department, Inspector74-General’s Department, 45 Judge-Advocate-General’s Department, Medical Department, and Chaplain’s Corps, are on corbels at the bases of the ribs75 of the arch.
Colonel Jonathan Williams, Corps of Engineers
First Superintendent76 of the Military Academy
From the Painting by Thomas Sully, Library U.S.M.A.
In the courtyard the names that are carved in the granite were selected for the following reasons:
Williams Colonel Jonathan Williams, first Superintendent of the Military Academy.
Swift Colonel Joseph G. Swift, first graduate of the Military Academy.
Totten General Joseph G. Totten, the tenth graduate and ex-officio the first inspector of the Military Academy while serving as Chief of Engineers from 1838-1864.
Thayer Major Sylvanus Thayer, Father of the Military Academy.
Delafield Colonel Richard Delafield, Superintendent from 1856 to 1861, under whose administration much construction was completed.
Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States, during whose administration, 1801 to 1809, the Military Academy was founded.
Monroe James Monroe, fifth President of the United States, 1817 to 1825, under whose administration the Military Academy developed and was encouraged.
46
Upon the second floor is the Academic Board room, a Gothic hall illuminated77 with stained glass windows containing emblems78 of the various arts and sciences. The most striking feature of the room is the massive stone mantel, modeled by Laurie and ornamented with statuettes of the world’s greatest warriors80.
The description of the statuettes and the reasons for selecting the subject are given in a letter to Dr. Holden, late librarian, dated November 23, 1906. An Advisory82 Board of officers recommended:
That the character of the figures on the mantlepiece be of a general military type—historical or legendary—best suited to harmonize with the architectural treatment and selected by the architects themselves from the three lists in this letter of November 23, 1906.
The heads appearing at the top of the mantel—in the crenelations—have no relation to the statuettes underneath84. The small shields immediately below the statuettes are, however, indicative of the subjects as follows:
Joshua. Sun and Moon—taken from the Biblical legend describing the distinctly miraculous86 standing87 still of the Sun on the occasion of a certain battle.
Hector of Troy. Mycen?an Scroll—a sort of triangular88 fylfot, which stands for Mycen?an civilization. This device would apply equally to that of Troy of which Hector was the greatest figure.
Colonel Joseph G. Swift
First Graduate of the Military Academy
From the Painting by Thomas Sully, Library U.S.M.A.
47
David. King of all Israel, warrior81 and psalmist—the harp—selected by the architects instead of a little sling89, especially since the head of Goliath is under the foot of the figure above.
Alexander the Great. A conventionalized Gordian knot severed90.
Julius C?sar. The standard carried by the famous Roman Legions.
Charlemagne. King of the Franks—The imperial iron crown.
King Arthur of England. The Holy Grail, symbolizing91 the whole purpose of his career.
Godfrey de Bouillon. Heraldic cross of Jerusalem of which city he was king and which forms a part of his own coat-of-arms.
Judas Maccabeus. The hammer—which is the actual meaning of the name “Maccabeus.”
In the mantel, the figures are arranged chronologically92 and historically. Three of them, i. e., Hector, Alexander, and C?sar, were Heathen; three were Christians94, viz.: Charlemagne, King Arthur, and Godfrey; and three were Jews, viz.: Joshua, David, and Judas.
The choice of subjects was suggested to the architects by Caxton’s preface to the first volume of Sir Thomas Malory’s Morte d’Arthur, from which the following quotation95 covering the choice of the figures is taken:
For it is notorly known through the universal world, that there be nine worthy and the best that 48 ever were, that is to wit, three Paynims, three Jews, and three Christian93 men. As for the Paynims, they were to-fore the Incarnation of Christ, which were named, the first Hector of Troy, of whom the history is comen both in ballad96 and in prose, the second Alexander the Great, and the third Julius C?sar, Emperor of Rome, of whom the histories be well known and had. And as for the three Jews, which were also to-fore the Incarnation of our Lord, of whom the first was Duke Joshua which brought the children of Israel into the land of behest, the second David, King of Jerusalem, and the third Judas Maccabeus, of these three the Bible rehearseth all their noble histories and acts. And since the said Incarnation have been three noble Christian men, stalled and admitted through the universal world into the number of the nine best and worthy. Of whom was first the noble Arthur. The second was Charlemain, or Charles the Great, of whom the history is had in many places, both in French and English. And the third and last was Godfrey of Boloine.
Cadets at Equitation in the World’s Largest Riding Hall (600 ft. × 150 ft.)
Upon the same floor as the Academic Board room are the three offices of the Superintendent, the Adjutant, and the clerks. The Headquarters building houses, moreover, the offices of the Treasurer97, the Quartermaster, the printing shops, the Post Office, and the Ordnance Museum, the entrance to which is at the left of the sally-port. Begun in 1854, the Museum has throughout the years gathered some valuable trophies98 of war, interesting relics99, and models of the arms of all nations. Visitors are well repaid by a visit to this 49 interesting spot. Historic relics abound101 in the rooms. I might mention among them a portion of the flagstaff that was at Fort Sumter in 1861; presentation swords belonging to distinguished American generals; General Grant’s uniform and horse equipment; mementoes of the Philippine insurrection and of the war with Spain, not to speak of a rare and beautiful collection of weapons of all kinds. Not the least interesting part of the exhibit are the trophies of the Revolution. In glass cases are preserved five flags captured by the American army during the Revolution, two of which were British royal colors, and three taken from the German mercenaries sent over by King George. The former were taken at Yorktown. All these flags were originally the property of General Washington by whom they were bequeathed to George Washington Parke Custis, the son of his adopted son, and grandson of Mrs. Washington. He in turn bequeathed them to the War Department, which came into possession of them in 1858. The same year Secretary Floyd presented them to the Academy.
Across the road from the Administration Building is the Cadet Mess. It is one of the oldest buildings, the main part dating from 1850. The architecture conforms in a general way to that of the new buildings. With its broad pavement in front, it sets well back from the road, possessing not only the dignity of its more imposing neighbors, but in addition a certain quaint11 charm. 50
The large central doors give access to the main hall whose walls are hung with portraits of distinguished graduates, chiefly the former Superintendents103 of the Academy. Perhaps the most interesting painting is that of General Robert E. Lee, who was Superintendent in 1852. Frequently I have heard visitors express surprise that General Lee’s portrait should hang in the halls of the National Military Academy, notwithstanding he was a graduate and afterwards a Superintendent. The fact that he fought against the union, they argue, should preclude106 the bestowal107 of the honor. West Point, however, considers that since we are a united people once more, his record should be recognized by his Alma Mater from whom he learned the lessons that brought him his fame and his glory.
Symmetrically arranged in the hall are the mess tables. They are made to accommodate ten cadets, but occasionally, here and there, two tables are shoved together for economy of floor space. At these tables are twenty cadets. It is a pleasure to enter the Mess Hall prior to any meal. Every table is immaculate with its snowy clean cloth, its polished cutlery, and shining crockery. The cadets are not seated by classes but by companies, each company having a certain number of tables in the section of the hall assigned its battalion108. As a rule, the ten messmates are made up of three first classmen, two second classmen, two third classmen, and three fourth classmen. The latter 51 are given, by custom of the Corps, various duties to perform at mess such as carving109 the meat, procuring110 the coffee and milk.
The Carved Mantel in the Hall of the Academic Board
Sculptor111—Laurie
The Nine Great Warriors of the World
Note: There are also two figures on the sides, not visible
Three long passageways lead from the main dining-hall to the kitchen. At first glance the super-cleanliness of the surroundings strikes the observer, but his attention is soon attracted to the numerous clever devices for cooking, and for saving time and labor112. The preparation of the food for cooking occurs outside of the kitchen proper. Each department prepares its kind, whereupon it is carried to the chef to be cooked and served. The labor of preparation is greatly reduced by the liberal use of machinery113. A clever electrical machine rapidly peels the potatoes, a whole bushel of them, in a few minutes; other contrivances make and cut the bread, sterilize114 the milk, freeze the ice-cream; and wash and dry the innumerable dishes. Without the aid of these labor-saving devices it would be impossible to maintain such an excellent mess for the cadets. Even now the capacity of the plant is tested almost to its limit, and with the increase in the Corps to 1200 cadets, it will be necessary either to enlarge the present Cadet Mess or to build a new hall. The disappearance115 of the present Mess, Grant Hall, will be viewed with great regret by many graduates who dined for four long years within its really historic walls.
South of the Cadet Mess is the Hospital for cadets, a large granite building perched on a 52 terrace, well back from the road. It consists of a central portion of three stories and basement, with two wings of two stories each and basement. The older portions date from 1875, but the wings are of more recent construction. The wings are practically detached from the main portion of the building for the possible isolation116 of cases. The equipment is, of course, modern in every respect. Each wing contains two wards104, making four in all, named respectively Cuyler, McElderry, McParlin, and Wheaton in honor of former distinguished military surgeons on duty at West Point. I do not suppose that there is a building on the Post which arouses in cadets so many different kinds of feeling. To some it is a place to be avoided, but to a large number, especially to those who succeed in entering for minor117 ailments118, it is viewed as a haven119 of rest. It is the one place where the cadets are free from the irksome routine, where there is no reveille, and where the convalescents revel120 in what appears to them epicurean feasts. Vatel, the famous French chef, never enjoyed more renown121 than does the cook at the hospital.
Almost every cadet has a secret longing102 to be in the hospital at least for a short period during his course, and those who “break in” for slight ailments are regarded with a special esteem122 by their fellows. One of the first adages123 that a plebe learns at West Point is “faint heart never broke into the hospital.” The surgeons, however, 53 are pretty clever men and they size up the situation very clearly in each case.
The North Cadet Barracks
I remember that upon one occasion when I was a cadet, a group of convalescents were, one winter day, holding a mutual124 congratulatory meeting in one of the wards, the burden of the conversation being their luck and also their skill in remaining so long in this abode125 of rest. Arthur C——, who was the most successful of the disciples126 of the “rest cure,” was perched upon a bed explaining to an admiring line of heads in little snow-white cots, the strategy necessary to remain in the ward105, finishing his discourse127 oratorically; “Some may come and some may go but I stay on forever!” when the door opened and in walked the surgeon. Cadet C—— was next day returned to duty.
The officer in charge of the hospital is the Post Surgeon, who is assisted by three or four captains of the Medical Corps, and by several Dental Surgeons. These officers are also in charge of the Soldiers’ Hospital, a separate building for the enlisted128 men of the garrison129, and are responsible for the general health of the command.
The chief buildings of the Academy occupy relatively130 a small area of ground. Just north of the Cadet Mess and flanking the main road are the two Academic buildings, known as the East and West Academic. The East building is new, having been completed in 1913, one of the last provided for in the rebuilding of West Point. 54 The West Academic building, which was completed in 1895, is built of Massachusetts granite and cost about five hundred thousand dollars. In this building are located the Departments of Civil and Military Engineering, Mathematics, Law, Drawing, Ordnance and Gunnery, and English and History; in the East building the Departments of Modern Languages, Chemistry and Electricity, Natural and Experimental Philosophy. The latter building is provided with the most modern lecture rooms, electrical and chemical laboratories, besides a mineralogical and geological museum. The major portion of both buildings contain the section rooms for recitation purposes. Visitors are admitted if accompanied by an officer.
The architecture of both of these buildings is Gothic, but that of the new or East building is of a more exquisite131 beauty. Splendidly situated132, it gives the impression of bulk and mass, much the same feeling that one has in regarding a dreadnought for the first time, but this impression soon gives way to an appreciation of a certain delicacy133 of treatment, a simple dignity that pleases. One of the best impressions of its beauty is obtained about dusk when the evening mists dim its outlines and its surface is bathed in shadows relieved only by the glimmering134 of the medi?val lanterns on either side of the main door.
Immediately facing the center of the East Academic Building and across the road, is a large 55 opening known as a sally-port through which the sections of cadets must march to recitations in the East Academic building. This passageway connects the main road with the area of barracks, a space of ground that derives135 its name from the brown-stone buildings that bound a portion of its perimeter136. Along one side is a cement walk on which the cadets form to be marched to their recitations, and a sidewalk borders the barracks. With the exception of a small plot of grass near the Academic building the area is devoid137 of verdure, but is covered with a fine gravel138 that gives a clean and well-groomed appearance to the ground. The word “Area” has great connoting power. To a large number of cadets, it vividly139 brings to mind the punishment tours that they wearily trudged140 on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons across its surface. To the majority, however, it is the “hub” of cadet life, the assembly place for recitations, sometimes for meals; the scene of many an inspection141 or a guard mount, and most important of all, it contains a small insignificant142 building with a clock tower where dwell the Commandant of Cadets and his assistants, the Tactical officers.
The building on the north and west of the area is the South Cadet Barracks, built in 1848. This edifice, of 360 feet frontage, is constructed of native granite, with crenelations and cornices of red sandstone, and the Elizabethan style of its architecture harmonizes perfectly143 with the Gothic 56 of the new buildings. In fact, the old Cadet Barracks is one of West Point’s handsomest buildings. There are two hundred rooms in the building, 14 × 22 feet, each planned to accommodate two cadets. It is completely supplied with modern plumbing144, heating, and electric lights. The barracks are divided into divisions, each containing sixteen rooms. There is no lateral145 communication between the divisions, but a certain number of them are assigned to a company, according to its strength. At present the 1st Bn. Cos. A, B, C, and D are quartered here.
I have often stood in the Area of Barracks and looked through the north sally-port to enjoy the fine vista146 that it framed. A section of the Plain fills half the picture, a beautiful foreground, either when resignedly spread out to the heat of the Highland147 summer, or shivering under its fleecy blanket of snow, over which the winter winds angrily blow. In the upper half against the far-away background of the Highland hills is the slender flagstaff, sometimes swathed in the folds of our national emblem79, sometimes resisting with all its strength the fluttering of its precious charge which seems to implore148 its release to join the flight of the breeze.
As we leave the north sally-port and turn toward the angle between the two sets of barracks, high on the hill the monumental Cadet Chapel, West Point’s spiritual fortress54, looms149 above with extraordinary effectiveness. It has a fine site on a 57 commanding spur just above the old Cadet Barracks on the west, from which point it dominates the Post. It lies in the shadow of old Fort Putnam of Revolutionary fame, and, built of stone quarried150 from its own hill, it seems a part of its naturally beautiful surroundings.
The Chapel
This edifice is in reality a large church with a seating capacity of fourteen hundred persons. In plan it is a crucifix, surmounted152 by a large central tower whose parapet is 130 feet above the pavement of the interior and 420 feet above the level of the river. The tower contains two stories: the bell-ringer’s story and the belfry above. There are as yet no chimes, but on national holidays, Christmas morning, and Easter, the band mounts to the bell-ringer’s story, and the airs appropriate for the day float out through the louver windows in a weird153 and mysterious manner, as if some invisible symphony was playing in the clouds.
Just above the stately clerestory windows, and around the cornice of the building, is a row of carved figures, little bosses, representing the quest of the Holy Grail. Over the door of the main entrance is a great two-handed sword, Excalibur.
One should pause for a moment on the terrace in front of the main entrance to enjoy the magnificent panorama155. In the distance, flows the Hudson winding156 among the Highland hills, and skirting the great Plain along whose edge stand the Bachelor Building, Cullum Hall, and the 58 Officers’ Mess. Directly below, in the shelter of the chapel hill, are grouped all of the main buildings pertaining157 to the cadets, the most conspicuous158 of which are the barracks. Viewed from this height the arrangement of the buildings resembles a regular nest, le nid des cadets.
A winding road back of the barracks leads to the Chapel. The interior of the Chapel is 200 feet long, and across the transepts, 72 feet wide. The nave159 contains fourteen large Gothic windows, now filled with temporary glass but which will later be replaced with memorial windows.
The jewel of the interior is the great chancel window, with its noble inscription160:
Erected161 to the glory of the God of Battles and in faithful memory of the departed graduates of the United States Military Academy, West Point, by the living alumni.
The deep shades of purple and red give the window an extraordinary richness. The best lights from the glass are obtained in the early afternoon about four o’clock. It is of rare richness and beauty, and for subject, color, and arrangement it is thought to be unexcelled in our country. There are twenty-seven panels, each of which contains an almost life-size figure representing one of the chief militant162 figures in the Bible. Services are held in the Chapel every Sunday morning at a quarter before eleven and are attended by 59 cadets, officers, enlisted men, their families, and a large number of visitors. In addition to the regular service in the Chapel, where the cadet choir163 of one hundred and five voices is a feature, a series of organ recitals164, free to the public, is given each year.
The Interior of the Chapel
The organ is of unusually fine quality and is surprisingly effective for an instrument of three manuals, or keyboards. But it is still incomplete, being both undersized for this cathedral-like building and inadequate166 to the proper performance of the finest music. The addition of a fourth manual, with its pipes located in the gallery opposite the present organ, now eloquently167 vacant, is needed to bring the musical part of the service and the recitals up to the highest efficiency.
Upon the completion of the improvements contemplated168 the organ will become one of the art glories of the country, and with the Chapel,—perfect in architecture, surroundings, and acoustics—would create an atmosphere of rare idealism. The acquisition of every new stop given is indicated by a bronze tablet placed upon the console, or key desk, of the organ. The significance of such tablets would make this organ and console unique, not only in establishing historic traditions but also in affording substantial encouragement to the volunteer organist and to the choir.
The opportunity here presented is most worthy for anyone desirous of establishing a memorial 60 to a graduate of the Academy, for a graduate wishing to honor the memory of one of his immediate85 family, for a class gift, or for anyone interested in furthering an artistic169 influence over the lives of the future officers of the Army of our country.
To assist in the completion of the organ, a fund, known as the “Organ Fund” has been started, which is kept alive by recital165 offerings, private subscriptions170, and proceeds from sale of “The Corps,” a popular West Point song.
In the transepts are galleries but they are not at present equipped with seats. Along the nave also are covered galleries, almost hidden from view by the suspended flags.
A request made to the sexton will enable the visitor to see the crypt, a vaulted room beneath the Chapel that is designed to be the final resting place of West Point’s illustrious military dead.
To care for the spiritual welfare of the cadets and other residents of the Post, there is a Chaplain who is appointed by the President. His term of office is for four years, but he is usually re-appointed.
The location of the Chapel makes it visible from many places on the Post. In walking around the grounds, every once in a while an extraordinarily171 effective view of the fine building strikes the beholder. Each glimpse seems more beautiful than the previous one, and a general impression remains172 that the Chapel holds a spiritual dominion173 61 over the institution. Every corner of the main part of West Point seems under its influence. This feeling is particularly strong as we stand on the sidewalk between the old and new Cadet Barracks and gaze at this monumental pile of ethereal beauty that seems to lose itself in the sky. I never view the Chapel from this point without thinking of one of Maxfield Parrish’s imaginative paintings of the Arabian Nights.
In the southwest angle of the Plain, from where I like to view the Chapel, is a white granite statue of Major Sylvanus Thayer, class of 1808. The funds for this modest but beautiful monument, which was unveiled June 11, 1883, were contributed by loyal graduates of the Academy and by loving friends. General Thayer was Superintendent of the Academy from 1817 to 1833. He was the first to establish a real curriculum, and so valuable were his services that he has since been called “the Father of the Academy.” The body of the distinguished officer was brought from South Braintree, Mass., and reinterred in the Post cemetery174 on November 8, 1877. The sculptor of the monument was Carl Conrad.
On the west side of the Plain is the North Cadet Barracks, one of the new buildings completed in 1908. The Gothic style employed in the treatment of this building, while resembling somewhat that of the old barracks, has more dignity, beauty, and grace. Not enough difference exists between the two to cause any lack of 62 harmony. Chief among the changes made in the new barracks are the windows which are triple instead of single. As far as the interior is concerned the arrangement is identical. Modern plumbing has been installed in the old barracks to conform to its new neighbor, so that the cadets of today are no longer obliged to run down to the area to draw their water from the hydrant. The very mention of this ancient and picturesque175 custom brings back many memories, chiefly centered around reveille on a bitterly cold morning. Immediately upon the dismissal of the ranks, hordes176 of cadets (it seemed to me), clustered around one poor little hydrant from which a thin stream of icy water trickled177 into the papier maché buckets. Now, upon each floor of barracks are faucets178 with hot and cold water! I wish that I were a cadet again!
No one would judge the building to be a military barracks. Rather, a study of its lines would suggest that it was the home of some religious order. It has an undeniable ecclesiastical character that impresses one immediately. I have always derived179 great pleasure in contemplating180 its beauty and my imagination at these times fancies it as the refuge, the shelter, the sanctuary181 of a body of men separated from the material affairs of the world. It seems made to house only the best and noblest in nature, to be the environment from which high ideals receive their greatest inspiration. A group of happy smiling 63 cadets coming out of their rooms at this moment tells me that my imagination has been dwelling182 upon reality and not wandering into fantastic fields. This building is indeed the home of a splendid Order, the inspiring order of young manhood, clean-minded and honorable, trained in a school where they are taught the most scrupulous183 regard for the truth, and where they are given a mens sana in corpore sano.
In the quadrangle the light brick facing gives, in all sorts of weather, a bright cheerful aspect, a sunny appearance, that contrasts in a most welcome manner with the gloom of the quadrangle of the old barracks.
Set well back from the Plain, and to the north of the new barracks, is the Gymnasium. It is not built of granite like its neighbor, the new barracks, but has received from the hands of the architect an artistic and interesting treatment of brick and limestone184. The broad wall-like surface of the front is broken by six flat buttresses, whose terminals are richly decorated. Viewing the building from the southeast corner these buttresses appear like giant sentinels, fine specimens185 of the building’s physical development. Far across the parade ground the Bachelor Officers’ quarters, of similar design, serves with the Gymnasium to link in one harmonious186 whole the old and new buildings surrounding the Plain.
The second story is devoted187 to the gymnasium proper. It is lighted by large skylights, and 64 equipped with every possible device for physical development. The remainder of the building houses a fine natatorium, 77 feet wide and 92 feet long, with a swimming-pool 40 feet wide and 80 feet long; a fencing-room, a boxing-room, a wrestling-room, besides the necessary dressing-rooms for both cadets and officers. In the basement is a shooting gallery for indoor rifle and pistol practice.
North of the Gymnasium and fronting the Plain, are the quarters of the Superintendent of the Academy, an interesting old house that dates from 1820. Surrounding the house is a quaint old ironwork porch of later date, but old enough to be a curiosity today. A well-proportioned central hall gives access to charming suites188 of spacious rooms on both sides of the quarters, but the suite83 on the left is the more beautiful for it offers a fascinating vista of three large rooms terminating in a conservatory189 filled with exotic plants. Delightful190 hospitality has been dispensed191 in these rooms to some of the most noted192 people in the world. Royalty193, distinguished foreigners, civilians194, and soldiers, noted American men and women are constantly visiting West Point to inspect the school and are always entertained by the Superintendent. If the walls of these quarters could speak they would relate some interesting incidents of the official life of West Point. The beauty of the rooms is today enhanced by a number of fine family portraits, 65 painted by Thomas Sully, and the property of the present Superintendent, Colonel John Biddle, Corps of Engineers.
At any official function the guests usually crowd the fascinating old porch to watch the evolutions of the cadets upon the Plain opposite, or sometimes they indulgently stand on the front stone steps to pose for the breathlessly impatient movie men and photographers. The quarters are surrounded by beautiful, well-kept lawns and tall graceful elm trees.
A traveler may go far before he will behold23 so majestic a view as that of the Hudson River from Trophy195 Point and Battle Monument. For pure beauty it is unsurpassed. In the distance lies the city of Newburg, against a dim background of the Shawangunk Mountains, and in the foreground the little village of Coldspring nestles close to the side of rugged196 Breakneck. On the opposite side Cro’s Nest descends197 abruptly199 to the water. At this spot the Hudson seems to be surrounded on all sides by land so that the beholder might well imagine himself in Europe among the Italian Lakes.
Upon this spot are a number of trophies, among the most interesting of which is a portion of the old chain that, during the Revolutionary War, was stretched across the river from just above Gee’s Point to Constitution Island to prevent the passage of the British ships.
On a wooden carriage is a large Armstrong 66 gun, captured at Fort Fisher during the Civil War, and nearby are many other guns taken in the Mexican and Spanish Wars. The Swartzkopf torpedo200 inclosed in an iron railing was captured from the Spanish cruiser Viscaya in the war with Spain, and the twenty-pound stone ball was brought from Smyrna, Turkey.
The polished monolith of granite nearby upon whose tip stands winged “Fame,” poised201 with trumpet202 and outstretched wreath, is Battle Monument. The names which may be read upon its rolls are the victims of the Regular Army of 1861, to whose memory their comrades in arms have created this beautiful memorial.
IN MEMORY
OF THE
OFFICERS AND MEN
OF THE
REGULAR ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES
WHO FELL IN BATTLE DURING THE
WAR OF THE REBELLION
THIS MONUMENT IS ERECTED BY THEIR
SURVIVING COMRADES
In the words of the late Colonel Larned, “this memorial was not built by a grateful country, but by voluntary offerings from the hard-won pay of comrades in the field within hearing of the roar 67 of battle, and in sight of the dead whose memory it preserves.... It is but right to add that the designer, Stanford White, and the sculptor, Frederick MacMonnies, have given a generous and enthusiastic labor to the work, far beyond the money recompense received, and in the true spirit of the artist and patriotic203 citizen.”
View up the Hudson River from Trophy Point
Toward the east is an equestrian204 bronze statue of the Father of our Country, seated upon his charger and with hand raised toward the Academy buildings as if in benediction205 of the institution that he labored206 so hard to establish. In these days of materialism207, it is interesting to note that this magnificent gift was recently made to the Academy by someone who refused to disclose his name. The base of the pedestal bears the simple inscription “Presented by a Patriotic Citizen.”
The hotel, just in the rear of the Washington Monument, was built in 1829, and with the exception of a wing that was added in 1850, it has remained practically unchanged. It is not difficult to imagine, therefore, that its appointments fail to satisfy the luxurious208 tastes of present-day Americans, so that many complaints are heard, and not a few jokes passed at its expense. One humorist remarked that Washington was raising his hand not in benediction of the Academy, but in a warning to the guests to keep away from the hotel.
From the hotel, a steep little graveled path entices209 68 the visitor into a most enchanting210 walk that skirts the steep precipice211 along the river. For three-quarters of a mile, Flirtation Walk pursues its way with its windings212 and abrupt198 turnings, its ascents213 and descents, past the site of the old chain Battery, and farther on past old Lantern Battery on Gee’s Point, past the Bachelor Officers’ quarters, until at the base of Cullum Hall it ends in Kosciusko’s Garden. The latter is a cool little sheltered plateau, said to have been a favorite of the Pole. When the trees are in bloom, to stroll along the Walk is to feel the delicacy of nature, to behold the quintessence of her refinement214. The foliage215 seems like maiden-hair fern through which charming little vistas216 of the river and the opposite bank are framed. On summer days it is a favorite for the cadets and their girls, who wander along its graveled path whiling away the time, or who seek out the choice nooks and screen themselves from profane217 eyes with a gaily218 colored parasol.
Near the end of Flirtation Walk alongside of old Battery Knox, a Revolutionary relic100, stands the Bachelor Officers’ quarters. This building of brick and limestone, serves to tie the new buildings with the classic Cullum Memorial Hall and the Officers’ Mess. Its color is darker than the pink granite of Cullum Hall, to approach more closely the dark brown of the Library and the gray of the Academic, while its flat buttresses harmonize with the straight lines of Memorial Hall.
Photo White Studio
“Spooning” on Flirtation Walk 69
In this building there are forty suites of three rooms and a bath each, besides rooms in the basement for the janitor219 and for officers’ servants.
Adjoining the Bachelor Officers’ quarters is the beautiful Cullum Memorial Hall, built of Milford pink marble and resembling somewhat in style, the Erechtheum, on the Acropolis at Athens. Just under the cornice and above the four Ionic columns is carved: “To the Officers and Graduates of the Military Academy.” To the left of the main hall is a small assembly room, whose walls contain bronze tablets to graduates who have been killed in action. The flags are guidons, carried by our Cavalry, both regular and volunteer, during our wars, chiefly during the Spanish War.
In the lower halls are tablets to Superintendents and to the deceased Professors of the Academy, besides fitting bronze memorial shields, recounting the battles of the Civil War in which graduates of the Academy participated.
Bronze trophy cannon220 are freely used in the adornment222 of the walls, both in the lower hall and in the hall on the second floor. They are chiefly Mexican and Confederate trophies, but a few were captured from the British at Stony223 Point (south of West Point) in July, 1779.
Among the most interesting perhaps of the cannon are the two large bronze ones in front of the main entrance. Both were made at Douay, France, in 1755, under the supervision224 of J. Béranger, royal commissioner225 of foundaries. The 70 one on the right (as one enters the building) is inscribed226 “Le Facheux,” and the one on the left “Le Conquérant.” Both were taken from the Punta Blanca Battery in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba. These cannon are almost the exact duplicate of the five cannon at the United States Naval227 Academy, Annapolis, Md., and very similar to two cannon at the Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Va. The latter guns, cast about eighty years before the others, are part of several cannon purchased from France by Virginia in 1778 for use in the Revolutionary War. It is surprising that the Spanish should have been using them in Cuba, since the Spaniards manufactured guns of equally high quality.
The four inverted228 bronze mortars229 that surmount151 the corners of the piazza230 were made, two at Sevilla and two at Barcelona, in Spain, and were surrendered by the Mexicans to the American forces, April 22, 1847. These mortars were known as stone mortars, and they were employed in siege operations to precipitate62 large masses of stone upon the heads of the enemy in the advanced trenches231, or in like manner to clear the trench232 of its defenders233 preparatory to an assault.
The second floor is called Thayer Hall, a large, beautifully proportioned room used for public functions, officers’ and cadets’ dances. At one end there is a small stage and a few scenic234 fixtures235. In this hall are the portraits of graduates who have not only gained the rank of general officer, but have 71 commanded in time of war units commensurate with their rank.
The building south of Memorial Hall is the Officers’ Mess, where the bachelor officers obtain their meals. The building was constructed and partially236 furnished from Government funds, but it is kept up and managed by personal funds of officers on duty at West Point. In design it conforms closely to Cullum Hall, although plainer and more modest. It was so built as to be inconspicuous and not detract from the classic beauty of its stately neighbor.
The interior of the Mess is quite beautiful, especially the main dining-hall and reading-room, whose principal features are mantels ornamented with small replicas237 of the figures of Day and Night, Morning and Evening, that adorn221 the tomb of the Medicis in Florence. Both Cullum Hall and the Mess were designed by the late Stanford White and completed, the former in 1899 and the latter in 1903. The Mess is an organized body incorporated under the laws of the State of New York as the West Point Army Mess. It was started in 1841 by General McClellan. There is no Mess in our Army that has had a continued existence for so long a term as this Mess, and I have heard it stated that few English or continental238 Messes are as old in the above sense.
The trip around the buildings brings us to the Library for which we all entertain a genuine affection. The quiet and repose239 of its fine rooms 72 have an attraction for both officers and cadets that no other building offers, so that it is usually filled with lovers of books, especially on winter afternoons. Cadets, officers, enlisted men, women, and children frequent the various rooms whenever an opportunity presents itself. There is no greater pleasure, I believe, at West Point than to draw a big leather armchair over in one corner of the library and there forget the world in a good book.
Like so many of the buildings at West Point it was built of native granite, and in the Gothic style of architecture. The present building was erected in 1841 on the site of the old gun shed and cost approximately $50,000. It was, however, entirely240 remodeled in 1900-1901. The Library was originally designed by a board of Army officers and the style of architecture determined upon was used seven years later in the present South Cadet Barracks. The dominant note that these two buildings gave to the character of the structures at West Point, determined the style of architecture in the comprehensive rebuilding of the Academy that began in 1904.
The library proper was founded in 1812, and with the years has grown until at the present time it contains 99,148 books. I am informed that the 100,000 mark will be celebrated241 by the purchase of a memorable242 volume. The Library may be said to be the oldest inhabitant of the neighborhood, for all its former associates, the old Riding Hall, 73 the Cavalry Barracks, and the old Cadet Chapel are gone.
The latter building, however, has not permanently243 disappeared. Sentiment against its demolition was so strong that an appropriation244 was obtained to remove it to the cemetery to be used as a mortuary chapel. Consequently in 1911 it was taken down, each stone marked, and so carefully reconstructed that it is impossible to detect the slightest change in its appearance. The tablets, and the painting of “Peace and War” by the late Professor Weir154 have been preserved, but the British flags have been removed to the Ordnance Museum.
The cemetery is a beautiful, peaceful spot set aside for the repose of West Point’s dead. In the northeast angle is the cadet monument erected in 1818, to Cadet Vincent M. Lowe of New York, by his fellow-cadets. On New Year’s day, 1817, Cadet Lowe was killed by the premature245 discharge of a cannon while he was firing a salute246. The pedestal is covered with the names of other cadets who died later on. Among the illustrious dead buried in the cemetery are Major Sylvanus Thayer, General Winfield Scott, Robert Anderson, and George A. Custer.
Along the main roads both north and south of the Plain are modest dwellings247 furnished for the officers on duty at West Point. The south end terminates in a broad plain used for the Cavalry and Field Artillery drill of the cadets. 74
In order that thorough instruction in both of these arms may be imparted to the cadets, detachments of Cavalry and Field Artillery are stationed at the Academy. Their barracks and stables form part of the new buildings, and are fine examples of what intelligence and taste can do for comfort and convenience. Along the west side of the drill field are the stables and, directly above, gracefully248 placed on the hillside, are the barracks provided with the best and most modern equipment. The presence of these two detachments of enlisted men, as well as that of the detachment of Engineers, is absolutely essential to the efficient instruction of the cadets.
An understanding of the uses of the buildings and some description of the prominent landmarks249 is necessary to a correct appreciation of the cadet’s life and activities. The survey that I have given in this chapter will show that West Point is indeed fortunate in many ways. Few places have been so endowed by Nature with such wonderful beauty and picturesqueness250, and, in addition, a generous Congress has adorned251 the place with magnificent buildings equipped with the finest that money can buy for the training of the future United States officers.
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1
influx
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| n.流入，注入 | |
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scouts
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| 侦察员[机，舰]( scout的名词复数 )； 童子军； 搜索； 童子军成员 | |
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delegations
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| n.代表团( delegation的名词复数 )；委托，委派 | |
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brotherhoods
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| 兄弟关系( brotherhood的名词复数 )； （总称）同行； （宗教性的）兄弟会； 同业公会 | |
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flirtation
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| n.调情，调戏，挑逗 | |
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corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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7
phlegmatic
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| adj.冷静的，冷淡的，冷漠的，无活力的 | |
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apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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akin
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| adj.同族的，类似的 | |
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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quaint
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| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
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derive
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| v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自 | |
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investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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civilian
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| adj.平民的，民用的，民众的 | |
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marred
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| adj. 被损毁, 污损的 | |
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17
swarming
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| 密集( swarm的现在分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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18
appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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portray
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| v.描写，描述；画(人物、景象等) | |
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contemplate
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| vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视 | |
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chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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beholder
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| n.观看者，旁观者 | |
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withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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sordid
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| adj.肮脏的，不干净的，卑鄙的，暗淡的 | |
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27
majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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Vogue
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| n.时髦，时尚；adj.流行的 | |
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33
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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renaissance
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| n.复活，复兴，文艺复兴 | |
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cram
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| v.填塞，塞满，临时抱佛脚，为考试而学习 | |
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eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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granite
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| adj.花岗岩，花岗石 | |
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quarries
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| n.（采）石场( quarry的名词复数 )；猎物（指鸟，兽等）；方形石；（格窗等的）方形玻璃v.从采石场采得( quarry的第三人称单数 )；从（书本等中）努力发掘（资料等）；在采石场采石 | |
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concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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41
imposing
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| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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buttresses
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| n.扶壁，扶垛( buttress的名词复数 )v.用扶壁支撑，加固( buttress的第三人称单数 ) | |
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43
dominant
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| adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因 | |
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44
cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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demolition
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| n.破坏,毁坏,毁坏之遗迹 | |
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sentimental
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| adj.多愁善感的，感伤的 | |
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attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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plaza
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| n.广场，市场 | |
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junction
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| n.连接，接合；交叉点，接合处，枢纽站 | |
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imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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fortresses
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| 堡垒，要塞( fortress的名词复数 ) | |
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fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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symbolic
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| adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的 | |
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arena
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| n.竞技场，运动场所；竞争场所，舞台 | |
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cantilever
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| n.悬梁臂；adj.采用伸臂建成的 | |
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artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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precipitately
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| adv.猛进地 | |
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precipitate
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| adj.突如其来的；vt.使突然发生；n.沉淀物 | |
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masonry
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| n.砖土建筑；砖石 | |
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flattened
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| [医]（水）平扁的，弄平的 | |
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edifice
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| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室) | |
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administrative
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| adj.行政的，管理的 | |
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ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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vaulted
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| adj.拱状的 | |
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guilt
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| n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责 | |
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exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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71
ornamented
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| adj.花式字体的v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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72
elevation
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| n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高 | |
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73
ordnance
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| n.大炮，军械 | |
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74
inspector
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| n.检查员，监察员，视察员 | |
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75
ribs
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| n.肋骨( rib的名词复数 )；（船或屋顶等的）肋拱；肋骨状的东西；（织物的）凸条花纹 | |
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76
superintendent
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| n.监督人，主管，总监；(英国)警务长 | |
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77
illuminated
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| adj.被照明的；受启迪的 | |
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78
emblems
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| n.象征，标记( emblem的名词复数 ) | |
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79
emblem
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| n.象征，标志；徽章 | |
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80
warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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81
warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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82
advisory
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| adj.劝告的，忠告的，顾问的，提供咨询 | |
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83
suite
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| n.一套(家具)；套房；随从人员 | |
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84
underneath
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| adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面 | |
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85
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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86
miraculous
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| adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的 | |
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87
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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88
triangular
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| adj.三角（形）的，三者间的 | |
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89
sling
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| vt.扔；悬挂；n.挂带；吊索，吊兜；弹弓 | |
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90
severed
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| v.切断，断绝( sever的过去式和过去分词 )；断，裂 | |
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91
symbolizing
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| v.象征，作为…的象征( symbolize的现在分词 ) | |
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92
chronologically
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| ad. 按年代的 | |
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93
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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94
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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95
quotation
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| n.引文，引语，语录；报价，牌价，行情 | |
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96
ballad
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| n.歌谣，民谣，流行爱情歌曲 | |
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97
treasurer
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| n.司库，财务主管 | |
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98
trophies
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| n.（为竞赛获胜者颁发的）奖品( trophy的名词复数 )；奖杯；（尤指狩猎或战争中获得的）纪念品；（用于比赛或赛跑名称）奖 | |
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99
relics
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| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
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100
relic
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| n.神圣的遗物，遗迹，纪念物 | |
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101
abound
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| vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于 | |
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102
longing
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| n.（for）渴望 | |
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103
superintendents
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| 警长( superintendent的名词复数 )； （大楼的）管理人； 监管人； （美国）警察局长 | |
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104
wards
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| 区( ward的名词复数 )； 病房； 受监护的未成年者； 被人照顾或控制的状态 | |
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105
ward
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| n.守卫，监护，病房，行政区，由监护人或法院保护的人（尤指儿童）；vt.守护，躲开 | |
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106
preclude
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| vt.阻止，排除，防止；妨碍 | |
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107
bestowal
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| 赠与，给与； 贮存 | |
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108
battalion
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| n.营；部队；大队(的人) | |
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109
carving
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| n.雕刻品，雕花 | |
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110
procuring
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的现在分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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111
sculptor
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| n.雕刻家，雕刻家 | |
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112
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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113
machinery
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| n.(总称)机械，机器；机构 | |
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114
sterilize
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| vt.使不结果实；使绝育；使无效；杀菌，消毒 | |
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115
disappearance
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| n.消失，消散，失踪 | |
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116
isolation
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| n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离 | |
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117
minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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118
ailments
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| 疾病（尤指慢性病），不适( ailment的名词复数 ) | |
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119
haven
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| n.安全的地方，避难所，庇护所 | |
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120
revel
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| vi.狂欢作乐，陶醉；n.作乐，狂欢 | |
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121
renown
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| n.声誉，名望 | |
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122
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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123
adages
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| n.谚语，格言( adage的名词复数 ) | |
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124
mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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125
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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126
disciples
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| n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一 | |
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127
discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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128
enlisted
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| adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持） | |
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129
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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130
relatively
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| adv.比较...地，相对地 | |
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131
exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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132
situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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133
delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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134
glimmering
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| n.微光，隐约的一瞥adj.薄弱地发光的v.发闪光，发微光( glimmer的现在分词 ) | |
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135
derives
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| v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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136
perimeter
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| n.周边，周长，周界 | |
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137
devoid
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| adj.全无的，缺乏的 | |
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138
gravel
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| n.砂跞；砂砾层；结石 | |
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139
vividly
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| adv.清楚地，鲜明地，生动地 | |
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140
trudged
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| vt.& vi.跋涉，吃力地走（trudge的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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141
inspection
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| n.检查，审查，检阅 | |
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142
insignificant
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|
| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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143
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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144
plumbing
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| n.水管装置；水暖工的工作；管道工程v.用铅锤测量（plumb的现在分词）；探究 | |
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145
lateral
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| adj.侧面的，旁边的 | |
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146
vista
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| n.远景，深景，展望，回想 | |
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147
highland
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| n.(pl.)高地，山地 | |
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148
implore
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| vt.乞求，恳求，哀求 | |
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149
looms
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| n.织布机( loom的名词复数 )v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的第三人称单数 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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150
quarried
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| v.从采石场采得( quarry的过去式和过去分词 )；从（书本等中）努力发掘（资料等）；在采石场采石 | |
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151
surmount
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| vt.克服；置于…顶上 | |
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152
surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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153
weird
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| adj.古怪的，离奇的；怪诞的，神秘而可怕的 | |
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154
weir
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| n.堰堤，拦河坝 | |
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155
panorama
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| n.全景，全景画，全景摄影，全景照片[装置] | |
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156
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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157
pertaining
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| 与…有关系的，附属…的，为…固有的(to) | |
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158
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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159
nave
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| n.教堂的中部；本堂 | |
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160
inscription
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| n.（尤指石块上的）刻印文字，铭文，碑文 | |
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161
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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162
militant
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| adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士 | |
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163
choir
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| n.唱诗班，唱诗班的席位，合唱团，舞蹈团；v.合唱 | |
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164
recitals
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| n.独唱会( recital的名词复数 )；独奏会；小型音乐会、舞蹈表演会等；一系列事件等的详述 | |
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165
recital
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| n.朗诵，独奏会，独唱会 | |
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166
inadequate
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| adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的 | |
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167
eloquently
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| adv. 雄辩地(有口才地, 富于表情地) | |
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168
contemplated
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| adj. 预期的 动词contemplate的过去分词形式 | |
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169
artistic
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| adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的 | |
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170
subscriptions
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| n.（报刊等的）订阅费( subscription的名词复数 )；捐款；（俱乐部的）会员费；捐助 | |
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171
extraordinarily
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| adv.格外地；极端地 | |
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172
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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173
dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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174
cemetery
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| n.坟墓，墓地，坟场 | |
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175
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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176
hordes
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| n.移动着的一大群( horde的名词复数 )；部落 | |
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177
trickled
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| v.滴( trickle的过去式和过去分词 )；淌；使)慢慢走；缓慢移动 | |
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178
faucets
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| n.水龙头( faucet的名词复数 ) | |
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179
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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180
contemplating
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| 深思，细想，仔细考虑( contemplate的现在分词 )； 注视，凝视； 考虑接受（发生某事的可能性）； 深思熟虑，沉思，苦思冥想 | |
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181
sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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182
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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183
scrupulous
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| adj.审慎的，小心翼翼的，完全的，纯粹的 | |
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184
limestone
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| n.石灰石 | |
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185
specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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186
harmonious
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| adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的 | |
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187
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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188
suites
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| n.套( suite的名词复数 )；一套房间；一套家具；一套公寓 | |
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189
conservatory
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| n.温室，音乐学院；adj.保存性的，有保存力的 | |
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190
delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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191
dispensed
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| v.分配( dispense的过去式和过去分词 )；施与；配（药） | |
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192
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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193
royalty
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| n.皇家，皇族 | |
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civilians
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| 平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓 | |
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trophy
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| n.优胜旗，奖品，奖杯，战胜品，纪念品 | |
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rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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descends
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| v.下来( descend的第三人称单数 )；下去；下降；下斜 | |
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abrupt
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| adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的 | |
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abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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torpedo
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| n.水雷，地雷；v.用鱼雷破坏 | |
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poised
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| a.摆好姿势不动的 | |
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trumpet
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| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
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patriotic
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| adj.爱国的，有爱国心的 | |
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204
equestrian
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| adj.骑马的；n.马术 | |
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205
benediction
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| n.祝福；恩赐 | |
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labored
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| adj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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207
materialism
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| n.［哲］唯物主义，唯物论；物质至上 | |
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luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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entices
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| 诱惑，怂恿( entice的第三人称单数 ) | |
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enchanting
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| a.讨人喜欢的 | |
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precipice
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| n.悬崖，危急的处境 | |
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windings
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| （道路、河流等）蜿蜒的，弯曲的( winding的名词复数 )； 缠绕( wind的现在分词 )； 卷绕； 转动（把手） | |
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ascents
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| n.上升( ascent的名词复数 )；（身份、地位等的）提高；上坡路；攀登 | |
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refinement
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| n.文雅；高尚；精美；精制；精炼 | |
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foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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216
vistas
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| 长条形景色( vista的名词复数 )； 回顾； 展望； （未来可能发生的）一系列情景 | |
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profane
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| adj.亵神的，亵渎的；vt.亵渎，玷污 | |
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gaily
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| adv.欢乐地，高兴地 | |
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janitor
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| n.看门人，管门人 | |
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220
cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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adorn
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| vt.使美化，装饰 | |
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adornment
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| n.装饰；装饰品 | |
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stony
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| adj.石头的，多石头的，冷酷的，无情的 | |
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supervision
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| n.监督，管理 | |
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225
commissioner
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| n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员 | |
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inscribed
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| v.写，刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；内接 | |
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naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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inverted
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| adj.反向的，倒转的v.使倒置，使反转( invert的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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mortars
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| n.迫击炮( mortar的名词复数 )；砂浆；房产；研钵 | |
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piazza
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| n.广场；走廊 | |
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trenches
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| 深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕 | |
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trench
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| n./v.(挖)沟，(挖)战壕 | |
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defenders
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| n.防御者( defender的名词复数 )；守卫者；保护者；辩护者 | |
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scenic
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| adj.自然景色的，景色优美的 | |
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fixtures
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| （房屋等的）固定装置( fixture的名词复数 )； 如（浴盆、抽水马桶）； 固定在某位置的人或物； （定期定点举行的）体育活动 | |
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partially
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| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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replicas
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| n.复制品( replica的名词复数 ) | |
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238
continental
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| adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的 | |
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239
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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240
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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241
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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242
memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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permanently
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| adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地 | |
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244
appropriation
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| n.拨款，批准支出 | |
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245
premature
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| adj.比预期时间早的；不成熟的，仓促的 | |
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246
salute
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| vi.行礼，致意，问候，放礼炮；vt.向…致意，迎接，赞扬；n.招呼，敬礼，礼炮 | |
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247
dwellings
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| n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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248
gracefully
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| ad.大大方方地；优美地 | |
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249
landmarks
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| n.陆标( landmark的名词复数 )；目标；（标志重要阶段的）里程碑 ~ (in sth)；有历史意义的建筑物（或遗址） | |
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250
picturesqueness
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adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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