The battles for which Daniel Mendoza was most famous were the succession, four in number, in which he engaged Richard Humphries. The first of these was negligible, being but a “turn-up” or pot-house quarrel at the Cock, Epping. This took place in September of 1787, but it led to a pitched fight between these men for a purse of 150 guineas at Odiham, in Hampshire, in the following January.
Like many prominent fighters, Mendoza was finely developed from the waist upwards4, with a big chest and a show of muscle in the arms, but his legs were weaker. He was five-foot seven in height. Humphries was an inch taller and rather better built. He was known as the “Gentleman Boxer” because of his pleasant manners and sporting behaviour generally. Both were men of proved courage. As may be imagined from the Epping incident, there was no love lost between them.
They fought on a twenty-four foot stage erected5 in a field, but, since the day was wet, the boarded ring from the first proved to be a hindrance6 to good boxing.
At first the men were both very cautious. Mendoza, always a little inclined to attitudinise and to pose for effect, swaggered about the ring until he saw an opening when, lunging forward with a mighty7 blow he slipped and fell. On coming up again 13 Mendoza got a little nearer to his man and hit him twice, the second blow knocking Humphries down. In the next round they closed and Humphries was heavily thrown. Already it seemed certain that Mendoza was the better boxer, though Humphries was very strong and full of pluck. And for a quarter of an hour of hard fighting his pluck was fully8 needed. Mendoza throughout that time attacked him with the utmost violence, knocking him down or throwing him with consummate9 skill, so that the betting was strongly in the Jew’s favour. Then happened one of those curious and unsatisfactory incidents for which Broughton’s Rules, at all events, had no remedy. Mendoza had driven his antagonist10, blow following blow, right after left, across the ring to the side, which appears on this occasion to have been railed and not roped. A smashing right had all but lifted Humphries off the stage, and for a moment he hung over the rail quite helpless and at Mendoza’s mercy. Instantly taking advantage of his position, the Jew sent in a terrific right-hander at Humphries’s ribs11 which, had it landed, would almost certainly have knocked him out of time and so finished the fight. But Tom Johnson, who was acting12 as Humphries’s second, leapt forward and caught Mendoza’s fist in his own hand.
The Jew’s followers13 immediately sent up a shout of “Foul14!” which was reasonable enough. Indeed, by modern rules there would be no question at all. Humphries would have been immediately disqualified for his second’s interference. But the old rules were elastic15 and the umpires on this occasion decided16 that Johnson was justified17, as his man should be considered “down.” Whether they had any ulterior motive18, such as the desire to see the fight run its natural length, one cannot say. But we do know that human nature has altered remarkably19 little in a hundred and fifty years, and to-day a referee20, not of the first rank, will often stretch a debatable point in order “not to spoil sport,” or because it would be a pity if the public failed to get their money’s worth out of the moving pictures taken of the fight.
Hitherto, owing to the wet and slippery boards, Humphries had been severely21 handicapped. He now took off his shoes and 14 fought in his silk stockings. But with these, too, he found it difficult to keep his footing and after a round or two his seconds provided him with a pair of thick worsted stockings to put over them. In these he could stand firm, and shortly afterwards his great courage began to be rewarded, for Mendoza flagged a little, and Humphries picked him clean off his feet and threw him with terrible force to the ground. The Jew came down on his face, cutting his forehead severely and bruising22 his nose. Coming up for the next round, Mendoza was plainly hurt and shaken, and thenceforward his antagonist showed himself the better man. Mendoza went down before a terrific body-blow, while in the next round he fell from a left-hander on the neck which nearly knocked the senses out of him. Then, coming up again, he dashed at Humphries and hit him with all his flagging power in the face, but he slipped and toppled over from the impetus23 of his own rush and fell down on the boards with his leg awkwardly twisted under him. In doing this he sprained24 a tendon, and knowing that further effort was quite useless, he gave in. A moment later he fainted in the ring and was carried away. So Humphries’s victory on this occasion was due, finally, to an accident. The whole battle was finished in half an hour, and “never was more skill and science displayed in any boxing match in this kingdom,” wrote the chronicler, Pierce Egan, with his customary exaggeration.
Prone25 as human nature ever is, now as then, to judge by net results, Mendoza’s reputation nevertheless suffered little from this defeat. On the contrary, he had boxed so well and had shown so much courage that he had, if anything, enhanced it. It was seen that he was a much quicker man than Humphries and that he was far better at close quarters. On the other hand, Mendoza was not a really hard hitter.
After this battle the winner wrote a note to his backer and patron, Mr. Bradyl, which delightfully26 summed up the situation:—
“Sir,—I have done the Jew, and am in good health.
“Richard Humphries.”
15
But a number of sportsmen were by no means satisfied that Humphries had “done” the Jew on his own merits. They fully realised that accident had materially helped in that “doing,” and accordingly were ready to back the Jew again. The two men being quite willing, a match was arranged and was eventually fought in Mr. Thornton’s park, near Stilton, in Huntingdonshire, on May 6th, 1789. For this encounter, popular excitement being very great, a sort of amphitheatre was built with seats piled tier on tier around the ring. It held nearly 3000 people. This, too, was an unsatisfactory fight, but has to be chronicled because it illustrates27 very vividly28 some of the causes which nearly a hundred years later finally brought the Prize-Ring to ignominy, and because, also, it shows how mixed are human motives29 and emotions during severe physical strain.
The men squared up to each other, and Humphries made the first attack, but Mendoza stopped the blow neatly30 and sent in a hard counter which knocked his antagonist down. The second and third rounds ended in exactly the same way. The Jew’s confidence was complete, his speed remarkable31. He had learned to hit no harder, but he certainly hit more often than Humphries. For about forty minutes Mendoza had much the best of it, taking his adversary’s blows on his forearm, instantly replying with his quick, straight left, or closing and throwing Humphries.
The feeling of impotency, of long effort continuously baffled, finds the breaking point of a boxer’s pluck much sooner than severe punishment relieved by a successful counter from time to time. Humphries was tired, but not seriously hurt. In the twenty-second round Mendoza struck at him, but he avoided the blow and dropped. He did not slip. As the Jew’s fist came towards him he made the almost automatic movement which should ensure its harmlessness, but at the same moment he deliberately32 made up his mind to take the half minute’s rest then and there. Or perhaps that was instinctive33 too. The human mind flits quickly through the processes or stages of intention and comes to a certain conclusion. Humphries wanted to gain time and fell without a blow. Now the articles of agreement 16 expressly stated that if either man fell without a blow he should lose the fight. And the cries of “Foul!” from the crowd and especially from Mendoza’s corner were natural enough. But Humphries and his backers claimed the fall a fair one because Mendoza had struck a blow, though it had not, as a matter of fact, landed. The partisans34 on either side wrangled35 and argued, and finally a general fight seemed almost inevitable36. Above the yelling and cursing of the crowd and in the general confusion, the umpires could scarcely be heard. Sir Thomas Apreece, Mendoza’s umpire, naturally shouted that it was a foul and that Humphries was beaten. Mr. Combe, the other umpire, held his tongue, refusing to give an opinion. That should have been sufficient. But Mendoza’s second lost his temper and shouted across the ring to Tom Johnson, who was once again seconding Humphries, that he was a liar37 and a scoundrel. This observation may not have been strictly38 to the point, but the point (save that of the jaw) is the last consideration when feeling runs high on notable public occasions. Johnson said nothing and began to cross the ring in his slow, heavy way, looking very dangerous. But a diversion interrupted a promising39 bye-battle, for Humphries stood up and called on Mendoza to continue fighting, carrying the war, as it were, into the enemy’s country by taunting40 him with cowardice41. Mendoza was willing enough, but his backers held him back. Humphries then threw up his hat and challenged the Jew to a fresh battle, and at last they fell to again. And yet again Mendoza showed himself the better man, knocking Humphries down twice in succession. For half an hour the second act of this drama continued indecisive, though Mendoza was evidently the better and more skilful42 man. He now punished Humphries severely, closing one of his eyes, severely cutting his forehead and lip. He had little in return, though Humphries had put in some heavy body-blows at close quarters which had made the Jew wince43. But throughout the second half of the fight Humphries fought with perfect courage and even confidence. Then at last he again fell without a blow, and Mendoza was declared the winner.
Broughton and Slack.
In the memorable44 battle at the Amphitheatre, on Tuesday April 10, 1750.
Copied by Permission from the Original Painting in the possession of Mr. Thomas Belcher.
Published Sept. 23, 1879 by G. Smooten, 150 St. Martins Lane.
17
What was to be thought of such a man?
Even now, neither Humphries nor his friends were fully satisfied. His tremendous hitting power, especially when directed against Mendoza’s body, was reckoned as not having yet been fully tested. Once let him send home but one smashing right on the Jew’s lower ribs, and he would certainly win.
Accordingly, yet another match was arranged in September of the following year at Doncaster, during (as Pierce Egan phonetically45 spells it) the Sellinger Cup week. The place chosen was confined on three sides by houses, whilst the fourth was closed by high railings behind which flowed the river Don. Public excitement was very high. Upwards of five hundred tickets of admission to the ground were sold at half a guinea each, whilst a ferryman made a small fortune by taking many hundreds of people over the river to the back of the railings at sixpence a head. These presently smashed down the railings and so gained an unauthorised entry. Having gained their point, however, the crowd behaved well, and settled down to watch the renewed trial of the two fighters in silent expectation.
Again a twenty-four-foot stage had been built at a height of four feet so that all the spectators could get a clear view. At half-past ten in the morning the men appeared, Mendoza immediately following Humphries. Both of them seemed cheerful, confident, and well. Johnson, who had hitherto been Humphries’s second, had deserted46 and gone over to the opposite camp, his place being taken by John Jackson, who, a few years later, himself became Champion of England. Colonel Hamilton and Sir Thomas Apreece were the umpires, and they mutually agreed upon Mr. Harvey Aston as referee. Odds47 of 5 to 4 were laid on Mendoza.
Humphries led off with perfect confidence and all his strength, but was met by stout48 resistance. In a moment they were in each other’s arms, struggling for a fall, and presently they both went over together. Their eagerness was quite undiminished when they came up again, Humphries doing most of the leading and landing from time to time, without, however, giving Mendoza 18 serious trouble. After a time they grew more cautious, blows were fewer but harder, and Mendoza knocked his man down. In the fifth round Humphries made a desperate effort to get in one of his rib-bending body-blows, but failed, and in the rally that followed over-reached himself and fell. And then it was seen that, round by round, Mendoza was improving, scoring more heavily, boxing much better. The odds rose to 10-1 in his favour. Round after round ended by Humphries going down, sometimes from a blow, but more often “from a policy often used in boxing, which perhaps may be considered fair; several times he sank without a blow, which conduct, though contrary to the articles of agreement, was passed unnoticed.”
Judging that conduct on its open merits, we should say that Humphries was a simple coward. But we often too easily and too quickly call people cowards, and even in this instance we have, so to speak, to look again.
The spectators, even in that age of quickly cut and dried opinions, still had a certain degree of confidence in this strange man, for whilst he was actually fighting, though round by round he got the worst of it, there was the same old vigour49 in his movements, the same readiness to seize an opportunity. The man of poor spirit in the ring is not so much one who cannot stand punishment as one who fails in aggression50. Almost he hopes to be knocked out; he can stand up and defend himself, but on his very life he cannot force himself to take chances and attack his opponent.
Again he must have experienced the impotency of inaction. He tried to hit Mendoza, but seldom succeeded. Again, one eye was completely closed so that he could not see from it. His friends, seeing that he had no chance of winning now, begged him to give in. But he refused. And yet he kept falling without a blow. One moment he would make up his mind to be brave, to endure whatever punishment was coming to him, and the next he would fail, and seek respite51 on the ground. Then again he would stand up and try to fight. For a little while after his friends’ solicitations, he was spurred on to his best endeavours, but it was 19 useless. Mendoza won every round, and at last, dreadfully cut about the head and face, with a mutilated ear and a severe cut over the ribs, Humphries had to give in.
Much battered52, he was carried through the crowd on the shoulders of his friends.
It was not until five years later that Mendoza’s championship was wrested53 from him by John Jackson, a man whose title to fame arose rather from his general behaviour than from his performances as a professional athlete.
Jackson was born in 1768, and was the son of a builder. His forebears had come of a good yeoman race. He was a man of great solidity of character, astute54 commercial instincts and a sonorous55 pomposity56 of manner which passed very well for dignity. He was five-feet eleven in height, and he weighed fourteen stone. He was massively built, and he “took care of himself,” as the saying goes: in other words, he lived a reasonable life—the last sort of life usually lived by the pugilists of that day.
Jackson and Mendoza met at Hornchurch, in Essex, on April 15th, 1795, for 200 guineas aside. The twenty-four-foot stage was built at the bottom of a hollow which formed a natural amphitheatre and accommodated about 3000 people.
Jackson had fought only twice before, having beaten Fewterel of Birmingham, a good man with twenty victories to his credit, and having lost, through falling and dislocating an ankle, to George Ingleston. His fine appearance and his portentous57 respectability no doubt brought more public interest to his fight with Mendoza than his record: but the Jew was a fully tried man of a great and deserved reputation, and the betting was 5-4 on him.
When the men had shaken hands a whole minute went by as they man?uvred about each other before a blow was struck. Then in the slow manner of that day, Jackson gathered himself together and sent in a tremendously hard left-hander which struck Mendoza full in the face and sent him down.
In the second round the Jew was more careful, and when Jackson went for him he stopped or avoided blow after blow, 20 using his feet with neatness and dexterity58, and returning, if not blow for blow, at least a fair proportion of them. A little later there was a fierce rally in which Mendoza was knocked down, but the betting nevertheless rose to 2-1 on him.
They fought at an ever increasing speed as time went on. In the fourth round, Jackson paid no heed59 at all to his opponent’s blows, but battered his way in, taking much punishment to give the greater. Finally he sent home a terrible left on the right eye which completely slit60 open the brow and bled profusely61 besides causing Mendoza to fall. Jackson was evidently doing the better as the betting changed in his favour.
It was in the next, the fifth round, that our model of gentlemanly conduct sought his own advantage by means of one of the foulest62 tricks that have been handed down to us. There was a fierce exchange of blows during which the Jew’s head was lowered as he lunged forward with his right to the body. Jackson stepped aside to avoid the blow and caught Mendoza by his somewhat long hair, twisting his fingers in it, whilst with his free hand he upper-cut him again and again.
Mendoza’s friends instantly appealed to the umpires, but, Egan tells us, “they deemed it perfectly63 consistent with the rules of fighting.” Mendoza fell and 2-1 was betted on Jackson.
During the next three rounds the old champion was evidently growing weak, and fought only on the defensive64. But Jackson beat down his guard and hit him severely. The ninth round was the last. Jackson walked in and planted several hard blows in quick succession on face and body. Mendoza struggled on for a little while and at last fell utterly65 exhausted66. He knew that he stood no chance now. It was folly67 to go on. He gave in.
It was one of the shortest main battles ever fought, lasting68 in all but ten minutes and a half; and for its time quite the hardest ever fought at all. Mendoza was badly cut up; the new champion was hardly hurt.
This was not by any means the Jew’s last appearance in the Prize-Ring, for he fought Harry69 Lee for seventy minutes and beat him in fifty-three rounds eleven years later: and he actually 21 fought Tom Owen in 1820, when he was fifty-seven years old. “Youth will be served,” we know, and Owen, who was at the time only just over fifty, beat him. Mendoza lived to a good old age, and in comfortable circumstances, dying in 1836.
Seven years after the encounter recorded above a letter appeared in the Daily Oracle70 and Advertiser which purported71 to be a challenge from Mendoza to Jackson for a return match. As a fact, the letter was a practical joke; but a part of Jackson’s reply is worth quoting, as it is so characteristic of all we hear of the man.
“... for some years,” he wrote, “I have entirely72 withdrawn73 from a public life, and am more and more convinced of the propriety74 of my conduct by the happiness which I enjoy in private among many friends of great respectability, with whom it is my pride to be received on terms of familiarity and friendship....”
Jackson never fought again, and one of the greatest reputations in the annals of the championship that have come to us is based upon a pugilist who only entered the ring thrice! One other champion was in precisely75 the same case, and that was John Gulley, whom we shall come to in due course.
No doubt Jackson attracted to himself a good deal of attention apart from the eccentricity76 of his good behaviour. He was a man of prodigious77 strength and is said to have written his name whilst an 84 lb. weight was suspended from his little finger.
After his retirement78 he took rooms at 13 Old Bond Street, a regular and fashionable house of call for the young bloods of the day. It became the correct thing to take a course of boxing lessons from John Jackson. Byron, who was a keen boxer despite his infirmity, used to go there to keep down the fat of which he ever lived in terror. In his diary for March 17th, 1814, he says: “I have been sparring with Jackson for exercise this morning, and mean to continue and renew my acquaintance with my mufflers. My chest, and arms, and wind are in very good plight79, and I am not in flesh. I used to be a hard hitter and my arms are 22 very long for my height.”—which was 5 ft 8? inches—“At any rate, exercise is good, and this the severest of all; fencing and broadsword never fatigued80 me half so much.”
Byron regarded John Jackson as a friend whom he greatly admired. He wrote letters to him on several occasions.
Jackson had innumerable pupils and was about the first real instructor81 of boxing for amateurs. He went to his grave in Brompton Cemetery82 old and honoured in 1845.
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kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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knuckles
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| n.（指人）指关节( knuckle的名词复数 )；（指动物）膝关节，踝v.（指人）指关节( knuckle的第三人称单数 )；（指动物）膝关节，踝 | |
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boxer
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| n.制箱者，拳击手 | |
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upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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hindrance
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| n.妨碍，障碍 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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consummate
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| adj.完美的；v.成婚；使完美 [反]baffle | |
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antagonist
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| n.敌人，对抗者，对手 | |
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ribs
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| n.肋骨( rib的名词复数 )；（船或屋顶等的）肋拱；肋骨状的东西；（织物的）凸条花纹 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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elastic
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| n.橡皮圈，松紧带；adj.有弹性的；灵活的 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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justified
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| a.正当的，有理的 | |
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motive
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| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
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remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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referee
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| n.裁判员．仲裁人，代表人，鉴定人 | |
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severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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bruising
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| adj.殊死的；十分激烈的v.擦伤(bruise的现在分词形式) | |
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impetus
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| n.推动，促进，刺激；推动力 | |
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sprained
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| v.&n. 扭伤 | |
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prone
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| adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的 | |
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delightfully
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| 大喜，欣然 | |
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illustrates
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| 给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 )； 说明； 表明； （用示例、图画等）说明 | |
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vividly
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| adv.清楚地，鲜明地，生动地 | |
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motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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neatly
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| adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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instinctive
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| adj.(出于)本能的；直觉的；(出于)天性的 | |
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partisans
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| 游击队员( partisan的名词复数 )； 党人； 党羽； 帮伙 | |
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wrangled
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| v.争吵，争论，口角( wrangle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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liar
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| n.说谎的人 | |
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strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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taunting
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| 嘲讽( taunt的现在分词 )； 嘲弄； 辱骂； 奚落 | |
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cowardice
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| n.胆小，怯懦 | |
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skilful
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| (=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的 | |
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wince
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| n.畏缩，退避，（因痛苦，苦恼等)面部肌肉抽动；v.畏缩，退缩，退避 | |
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memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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phonetically
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| 按照发音地，语音学上 | |
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46
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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odds
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| n.让步，机率，可能性，比率；胜败优劣之别 | |
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vigour
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| （=vigor）n.智力，体力，精力 | |
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50
aggression
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| n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害 | |
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51
respite
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| n.休息，中止，暂缓 | |
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52
battered
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| adj.磨损的；v.连续猛击；磨损 | |
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wrested
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| （用力）拧( wrest的过去式和过去分词 )； 费力取得； （从…）攫取； （ 从… ） 强行取去… | |
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astute
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| adj.机敏的，精明的 | |
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sonorous
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| adj.响亮的，回响的；adv.圆润低沉地；感人地；n.感人，堂皇 | |
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pomposity
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| n.浮华；虚夸；炫耀；自负 | |
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portentous
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| adj.不祥的，可怕的，装腔作势的 | |
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dexterity
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| n.(手的)灵巧，灵活 | |
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heed
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| v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心 | |
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slit
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| n.狭长的切口；裂缝；vt.切开，撕裂 | |
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profusely
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| ad.abundantly | |
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foulest
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| adj.恶劣的( foul的最高级 )；邪恶的；难闻的；下流的 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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defensive
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| adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的 | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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lasting
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| adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持 | |
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harry
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| vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼 | |
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oracle
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| n.神谕，神谕处，预言 | |
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purported
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| adj.传说的，谣传的v.声称是…，（装得）像是…的样子( purport的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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propriety
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| n.正当行为；正当；适当 | |
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precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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eccentricity
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| n.古怪，反常，怪癖 | |
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prodigious
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| adj.惊人的，奇妙的；异常的；巨大的；庞大的 | |
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retirement
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| n.退休，退职 | |
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plight
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| n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定 | |
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fatigued
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| adj. 疲乏的 | |
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instructor
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| n.指导者，教员，教练 | |
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cemetery
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| n.坟墓，墓地，坟场 | |
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