It may be that, save by a few elderly people and certain lovers of old Gentleman's Magazines, the broad anonymous1 quarto known as The Diary of a Lover of Literature is no longer much admired or even recollected2. But it deserves to be recalled to memory, if only in that it was, in some respects, the first, and in others, the last of a long series of publications. It was the first of those diaries of personal record of the intellectual life, which have become more and more the fashion and have culminated3 at length in the ultra-refinement of Amiel and the conscious self-analysis of Marie Bashkirtseff. It was less definitely, perhaps, the last, or one of the last, expressions of the eighteenth century sentiment, undiluted by any tincture of romance, any suspicion that fine literature existed before Dryden, or could take any form unknown to Burke.
It was under a strict incognito4 that The Diary of a Lover of Literature appeared, and it was attributed by conjecture5 to various famous people. The real author, however, was not a celebrated6 man. His name was Thomas Green, and he was the grandson of a wealthy Suffolk soap-boiler, who had made a fortune during the reign7 of Queen Anne. The Diarist's father had been an agreeable amateur in letters, a pamphleteer, and a champion of the Church of England against Dissent8. Thomas Green, who was born in 1769, found himself at twenty-five in possession of the ample family estates, a library of good books, a vast amount of leisure, and a hereditary9 faculty10 for reading. His health was not very solid, and he was debarred by it from sharing the pleasures of his neighbour squires11. He determined12 to make books and music the occupation of his life, and in 1796, on his twenty-seventh birthday, he began to record in a diary his impressions of what he read. He went on very quietly and luxuriantly, living among his books in his house at Ipswich, and occasionally rolling in his post-chaise to valetudinarian13 baths and "Spaws."
When he had kept his diary for fourteen years, it seemed to a pardonable vanity so amusing, that he persuaded himself to give part of it to the world. The experiment, no doubt, was a very dubious14 one. After much hesitation15, and in an evil hour, perhaps, he wrote: "I am induced to submit to the indulgence of the public the idlest work, probably, that ever was composed; but, I could wish to hope, not absolutely the most unentertaining or unprofitable." The welcome his volume received must speedily have reassured16 him, but he had pledged himself to print no more, and he kept his promise, though he went on writing his Diary until he died in 1825. His MSS. passed into the hands of John Mitford, who amused the readers of The Gentleman's Magazine with fragments of them for several years. Green has had many admirers in the past, amongst whom Edward FitzGerald was not the least distinguished17. But he was always something of a local worthy18, author of one anonymous book, and of late he has been little mentioned outside the confines of Suffolk.
It would be difficult to find an example more striking than the Diary of a Lover of Literature of exclusive absorption in the world of books. It opens in a gloomy year for British politics, but there is found no allusion19 to current events. There is a victory off Cape20 St. Vincent in February, 1797, but Green is attacking Bentley's annotations21 on Horace. Bonaparte and his army are buried in the sands of Egypt; our Diarist takes occasion to be buried in Shaftesbury's Enquiry Concerning Virtue22. Europe rings with Hohenlinden, but the news does not reach Mr. Thomas Green, nor disturb him in his perusal23 of Soame Jenyns' View of Christianity. The fragment of the Diary here preserved runs from September 1796 to June 1800. No one would guess, from any word between cover and cover, that these were not halcyon24 years, an epoch25 of complete European tranquillity26. War upon war might wake the echoes, but the river ran softly by the Ipswich garden of this gentle enthusiast27, and not a murmur28 reached him through his lilacs and laburnums.
I have said that this book is one of the latest expressions of unadulterated eighteenth-century sentiment. For form's sake, the Diarist mentions now and again, very superficially, Shakespeare, Bacon, and Milton; but in reality, the garden of his study is bounded by a thick hedge behind the statue of Dryden. The classics of Greece and Rome, and the limpid29 reasonable writers of England from the Restoration downwards30, these are enough for him. Writing in 1800 he has no suspicion of a new age preparing. We read these stately pages, and we rub our eyes. Can it be that when all this was written, Wordsworth and Coleridge had issued Lyrical Ballads31, and Keats himself was in the world? Almost the only touch which shows consciousness of a suspicion that romantic literature existed, is a reference to the rival translations of Burger's Lenore in 1797. Sir Walter Scott, as we know, was one of the anonymous translators; it was, however, in all probability not his, but Taylor's, that Green mentions with special approbation32.
In one hundred years a mighty33 change has come over the tastes and fashions of literary life. When The Diary of a Lover of Literature was written, Dr. Hurd, the pompous34 and dictatorial35 Bishop36 of Worcester, was a dreaded37 martinet38 of letters, carrying on the tradition of his yet more formidable master Warburton. As people nowadays discuss Verlaine and Ibsen, so they argued in those days about Godwin and Horne Tooke, and shuddered39 over each fresh incarnation of Mrs. Radcliffe. Soame Jenyns was dead, indeed, in the flesh, but his influence stalked at nights under the lamps and where disputants were gathered together in country rectories. Dr. Parr affected40 the Olympian nod, and crowned or checkmated reputations. "A flattering message from Dr. P——" sends our Diarist into ecstasies41 so excessive that a reaction sets in, and the "predominant and final effect upon my mind has been depression rather than elevation42." We think of
The yarns43 Jack44 Hall invented, and the songs Jem Roper sung. And where are now Jem Roper and Jack Hall?
Who cares now for Parr's praise or Soame Jenyns' censure45? Yet in our Diarist's pages these take equal rank with names that time has spared, with Robertson and Gibbon, Burke and Reynolds.
Thomas Green was more ready for experiment in art than in literature. He was "particularly struck" at the Royal Academy of 1797 with a sea view by a painter called Turner:
"Fishing vessels46 coming in with a heavy swell47 in apprehension48 of a tempest, gathering49 in the distance, and casting as it advances a night of shade, while a parting glow is spread with fine effect upon the shore; the whole composition bold in design and masterly in execution. I am entirely50 unacquainted with the artist, but if he proceeds as he has begun, he cannot fail to become the first in his department."
A remarkable51 prophecy, and one of the earliest notices we possess of the effect which the youthful Turner, then but twenty-two years of age, made on his contemporaries.
As a rule, except when he is travelling, our Diarist almost entirely occupies himself with a discussion of the books he happens to be reading. His opinions are not always in concert with the current judgment52 of to-day; he admires Warburton much more than we do, and Fielding much less. But he never fails to be amusing, because so independent within the restricted bounds of his intellectual domain53. He is shut up in his eighteenth century like a prisoner, but inside its wall his liberty of action is complete. Sometimes his judgments54 are sensibly in advance of his age. It was the fashion in 1798 to denounce the Letters of Lord Chesterfield as frivolous55 and immoral56. Green takes a wider view, and in a thoughtful analysis points out their judicious57 merits and their genuine parental58 assiduity. When Green can for a moment lift his eyes from his books, he shows a sensitive quality of observation which might have been cultivated to general advantage. Here is a reflection which seems to be as novel as it is happy:
"Looked afterwards into the Roman Catholic Chapel59 in Duke Street. The thrilling tinkle60 of the little bell at the elevation of the Host is perhaps the finest example that can be given of the sublime61 by association—nothing so poor and trivial in itself, nothing so transcendently awful, as indicating the sudden change in the consecrated62 Elements, and the instant presence of the Redeemer."
Much of the latter part of the Diary, as we hold it, is occupied with the description of a tour in England and Wales. Here Green is lucid63, graceful64, and refined: producing one after another little vignettes in prose, which remind us of the simple drawings of the water-colour masters of the age, of Girtin or Cozens or Glover. The volume, which opened with some remarks on Sir William Temple, closes with a disquisition on Warton's criticism of the poets. The curtain rises for three years on a smooth stream of intellectual reflection, unruffled by outward incident, and then falls again before we are weary of the monotonous65 flow of undiluted criticism. The Diary of a Lover of Literature is at once the pleasing record of a cultivated mind, and a monument to a species of existence that is as obsolete66 as nankeen breeches or a tie-wig.
Isaac D'Israeli said that Green had humbled67 all modern authors to the dust, and that he earnestly wished for a dozen volumes of The Diary. At Green's death material for at least so many supplements were placed in the hands of John Mitford, who did not venture to produce them. From January 1834 to May 1843, however, Mitford was incessantly68 contributing to The Gentleman's Magazine unpublished extracts from this larger Diary. These have never been collected, but my friend, Mr. W. Aldis Wright, possesses a very interesting volume, into which the whole mass of them has been carefully and consecutively69 pasted, with copious70 illustrative matter, by the hand of Edward FitzGerald, whose interest in and curiosity about Thomas Green were unflagging.
点击收听单词发音
1 anonymous | |
adj.无名的;匿名的;无特色的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
2 recollected | |
adj.冷静的;镇定的;被回忆起的;沉思默想的v.记起,想起( recollect的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
3 culminated | |
v.达到极点( culminate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
4 incognito | |
adv.匿名地;n.隐姓埋名;adj.化装的,用假名的,隐匿姓名身份的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
5 conjecture | |
n./v.推测,猜测 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
6 celebrated | |
adj.有名的,声誉卓著的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
7 reign | |
n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
8 dissent | |
n./v.不同意,持异议 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
9 hereditary | |
adj.遗传的,遗传性的,可继承的,世袭的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
10 faculty | |
n.才能;学院,系;(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
11 squires | |
n.地主,乡绅( squire的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
12 determined | |
adj.坚定的;有决心的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
13 valetudinarian | |
n.病人;健康不佳者 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
14 dubious | |
adj.怀疑的,无把握的;有问题的,靠不住的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
15 hesitation | |
n.犹豫,踌躇 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
16 reassured | |
adj.使消除疑虑的;使放心的v.再保证,恢复信心( reassure的过去式和过去分词) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
17 distinguished | |
adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
18 worthy | |
adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
19 allusion | |
n.暗示,间接提示 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
20 cape | |
n.海角,岬;披肩,短披风 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
21 annotations | |
n.注释( annotation的名词复数 );附注 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
22 virtue | |
n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
23 perusal | |
n.细读,熟读;目测 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
24 halcyon | |
n.平静的,愉快的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
25 epoch | |
n.(新)时代;历元 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
26 tranquillity | |
n. 平静, 安静 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
27 enthusiast | |
n.热心人,热衷者 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
28 murmur | |
n.低语,低声的怨言;v.低语,低声而言 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
29 limpid | |
adj.清澈的,透明的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
30 downwards | |
adj./adv.向下的(地),下行的(地) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
31 ballads | |
民歌,民谣,特别指叙述故事的歌( ballad的名词复数 ); 讴 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
32 approbation | |
n.称赞;认可 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
33 mighty | |
adj.强有力的;巨大的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
34 pompous | |
adj.傲慢的,自大的;夸大的;豪华的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
35 dictatorial | |
adj. 独裁的,专断的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
36 bishop | |
n.主教,(国际象棋)象 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
37 dreaded | |
adj.令人畏惧的;害怕的v.害怕,恐惧,担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
38 martinet | |
n.要求严格服从纪律的人 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
39 shuddered | |
v.战栗( shudder的过去式和过去分词 );发抖;(机器、车辆等)突然震动;颤动 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
40 affected | |
adj.不自然的,假装的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
41 ecstasies | |
狂喜( ecstasy的名词复数 ); 出神; 入迷; 迷幻药 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
42 elevation | |
n.高度;海拔;高地;上升;提高 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
43 yarns | |
n.纱( yarn的名词复数 );纱线;奇闻漫谈;旅行轶事 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
44 jack | |
n.插座,千斤顶,男人;v.抬起,提醒,扛举;n.(Jake)杰克 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
45 censure | |
v./n.责备;非难;责难 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
46 vessels | |
n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
47 swell | |
vi.膨胀,肿胀;增长,增强 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
48 apprehension | |
n.理解,领悟;逮捕,拘捕;忧虑 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
49 gathering | |
n.集会,聚会,聚集 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
50 entirely | |
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
51 remarkable | |
adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
52 judgment | |
n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
53 domain | |
n.(活动等)领域,范围;领地,势力范围 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
54 judgments | |
判断( judgment的名词复数 ); 鉴定; 评价; 审判 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
55 frivolous | |
adj.轻薄的;轻率的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
56 immoral | |
adj.不道德的,淫荡的,荒淫的,有伤风化的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
57 judicious | |
adj.明智的,明断的,能作出明智决定的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
58 parental | |
adj.父母的;父的;母的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
59 chapel | |
n.小教堂,殡仪馆 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
60 tinkle | |
vi.叮当作响;n.叮当声 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
61 sublime | |
adj.崇高的,伟大的;极度的,不顾后果的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
62 consecrated | |
adj.神圣的,被视为神圣的v.把…奉为神圣,给…祝圣( consecrate的过去式和过去分词 );奉献 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
63 lucid | |
adj.明白易懂的,清晰的,头脑清楚的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
64 graceful | |
adj.优美的,优雅的;得体的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
65 monotonous | |
adj.单调的,一成不变的,使人厌倦的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
66 obsolete | |
adj.已废弃的,过时的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
67 humbled | |
adj. 卑下的,谦逊的,粗陋的 vt. 使 ... 卑下,贬低 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
68 incessantly | |
ad.不停地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
69 consecutively | |
adv.连续地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
70 copious | |
adj.丰富的,大量的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
欢迎访问英文小说网 |