It is recorded how a certain Spaniard, who once attempted to assassinate1 a king, Ferdinand of Spain, on being put on the rack could give no other reason for his strange conduct but an inveterate2 antipathy3 which he had taken to the King as soon as he saw him:—
“The cause which to that impelled4 him
Was, he ne’er loved him since he first beheld5 him.”
Although, happily, such an exceptional case as this is almost unique, yet in a minor6 degree it illustrates7 a phase of character which is of almost universal application. Thus, for instance, going back to an early period, the Emperor Heraclius at the age of fifty-nine was seized with an unconquerable terror at the sight of the sea. On his return from his Syrian expedition he sojourned in the palace of Herea, on the shore of the Hellespont, and the story goes that the princes of Constantinople were compelled to span the strait with a bridge of boats, and protect it on both sides with planks8 and branches of trees, so that one could pass over it without seeing the water. Likewise, the Emperor Augustus was terribly afraid of lightning, and as a safeguard not only carried about his person a sea{86}l’s skin, but on the approach of a storm took shelter in an underground chamber9.
But coming to later times, Henry III. of France could not remain in the same room with a cat, a fact which reminds us of the Duke d’Epernay, who swooned on seeing a leveret, although, curious to say, the sight of a hare did not produce a similar result. And it was the sight of an apple that always put Vladislaus, King of Poland, into fits. Queen Elizabeth detested10 as ominous11 all dwarfs12 and monsters, and seldom could be prevailed upon to bestow13 an appointment—either civil or ecclesiastical—on an ugly man. She liked to be surrounded by the young and handsome, and she studiously shunned14 all crippled or deformed15 persons. She carried this fad16 to such an extreme that she refused the post of a gentleman usher17 to an unexceptional person, for no other reason than the lack of one tooth; and “whenever she went abroad, all ugly, deformed, and diseased persons were thrust out of her way by certain officers, whose duty it was to preserve her Majesty18 from the displeasure of looking on objects offensive to her taste.” Aubrey relates the following story as an illustration of Elizabeth’s peculiarity20 on this point: “There came a country gentleman up to town who had several sons, but one an extraordinary handsome fellow, whom he did hope to have preferred to be a yeoman of the Guard. ‘Had you spoken for yourself,’ quoth Sir Walter Raleigh, ‘I should have readily granted your desire, but I put in no boys.’ Then said the father, ‘Boy, come in,{87}’ and the son enters—about eighteen or nineteen years of age—but such a goodly proper youth as Sir Walter had not seen the like, for he was the tallest of all the Guard. Sir Walter not only swore him in, but ordered him to carry up the first dish at dinner, when the Queen beheld him with admiration21, as if a beautiful quaint22 young giant had stalked in with the service.” And Lord Bacon, speaking of this whim24 of Elizabeth, writes: “She always made sedulous26 inquiries27 regarding the moral qualifications of any candidate for preferment, and then considered his mien28 and appearance. Upon one such occasion she observed to me, ‘How can the magistrate29 maintain his authority, if the man be despised.’”
Elizabeth’s strong aversion to unpleasant smells was well known at Court. One day the stout30 Sir Roger Williams, kneeling to her to beg a suit, which she was unwilling31 to grant, and yet ashamed to deny, she exclaimed, “Sir Roger, your boots stink32”—hoping to divert the conversation. “No, no, your Majesty,” replied the brave Welshman, “it’s not my boots, it’s my suit.” We are reminded of Louis XI., who had a conceit33, says Burton, “that everything did stink about him; all the odoriferous perfumes they could get would not ease him, but still he smelt34 a filthy35 stink.”
According to common report, James I. shuddered36 at the sight of a drawn37 sword, and Sir Kenelm Digby, in his “Powder of Sympathy,” says that when James knighted him he very narrowly escaped having the sword thrust into his eyes, his{88} Majesty turning away his face to avoid the sight of the naked weapon—a peculiarity which he attributes to the fright occasioned to his unhappy mother by the assassination39 of Rizzio in her presence. In a caricature of the time King James was exhibited with an empty scabbard, and in another as having his sword so firmly fixed40 in the scabbard that it was impossible to draw it out.
William III. had an intense hatred41 of mourning. When the King of Denmark died, September 4, 1698, Prince George expressed a wish that on this account his Majesty would allow the Princess and himself to congratulate him on his birthday, November 4, without doffing42 their sable43 weeds, under the impression that the favour would be granted, as “the late kings, Charles II. and James II., never wished any persons in recent mourning for their relatives to change it for coloured clothes on such occasions.” King William’s ideas, however, respecting mourning were more consonant44 with those of Henry VIII.; and his Majesty, although Christian45 V. of Denmark was a near relative of his own, “signified his pleasure that their Royal Highnesses were to visit him in gay Court dresses, or to keep away.”[38]
To such an extent did George II. carry his love of exactness, even in the minutest affairs of life, that it is said he never even allowed his pleasures to interfere46 with it. For some years after he had ascended47 the throne, writes Mr. Jesse,[39] his custom{89} was to visit his mistress, Lady Suffolk, every evening at nine o’clock. Sometimes he was dressed and in readiness before the prescribed time, and “on these occasions he used to pace his apartment for ten minutes together with his watch in his hand, waiting till the moment of departure had arrived.”
George II., too, in moments of fretfulness and impatience48 would vent49 his feelings by kicking his hat about the room. “When incensed50 either with his Ministers or his attendants,” writes Wraxall, “he was sometimes not master of his actions, nor attentive51 to preserve his dignity. On these occasions his hat, and it is asserted his wig52, became frequently the objects on which he expended53 his anger.”
But the fads54 and eccentricities55 of royalty56 have been illustrated57 in a variety of ways. A notable instance having been Ferdinand II., Grand Duke of Tuscany, who died in 1670, and who was known as the “Fool of his Health,” from the anxiety with which he attended to his health. “I have frequently seen him,” writes the Abbé Arnauld, “pacing up and down his chamber between two large thermometers, upon which he would keep his eyes constantly fixed, unceasingly employed in taking off and putting on a variety of skull-caps of different degrees of warmth, of which he had always five or six in his hand, according to the degree of heat or cold registered by the instruments.” This, he adds, “was a mighty58 pleasant sight to behold59, for there was not a conjurer in all his dominions60{90} more dexterous61 in handling his cups and balls than was this prince in shifting his caps.”
Strange, again, was the behaviour of Charles II. of Spain, who was sometimes sunk in listless melancholy62, and was occasionally a prey63 to the wildest and most extravagant64 fancies. At one time he was weak-minded enough to be induced to believe that his malady65 was the same as that of the wretched individuals in the New Testament66 who dwelt among the tombs. At another time a sorceress who lived in the mountains of the Asturias was consulted about his malady. Several persons were accused of having bewitched him, and at last the rite25 of exorcism was recommended, which was actually performed. Nor was this all, for his Majesty had terrible visions of demons67, and kept monks68 and priests by his side to exorcise them. He believed himself to be the cruel victim of sorcery, and to have been charmed with a portion of the brains of a corpse69 administered in a cup of chocolate, to counteract70 the malignant71 influences of which it was proposed to diet him on hens fed with vipers’ flesh. Even the people, too, believed that he was enchanted72, and called him the “bewitched king”—a name which is traditionally preserved to the present day.[40] Instances of a kindred nature are noted73 elsewhere in the chapter which deals with the superstitions74 of royalty, where it will be seen how at one time or another the credulity of crowned heads has been responsible for many foolish acts,{91} and in some cases it has been productive of immense harm.
The early period of female domination through the regency of the Queen-mother, Marie Anne of Austria, had made such an impression on Charles II. when young that he felt a horror at the sight of a petticoat, and turned aside when he met a lady. His former governess, the Marquesa de los Velez, had to wait six months to get a word from him. With such antipathy to women, it seemed improbable that he would regard with any favour the mention of marriage, but during the negotiations75 for an alliance with Marie Louise, this aversion suddenly changed, and, when the miniature of the Princess was sent to him, “he wore the picture on his heart, addressed fine speeches to it,” and as soon as he was informed that she was en route for Spain, he set out to meet her.
When Isabella, mother of Philip II., was, writes D’Israeli,[41] “ready to be delivered of him, she commanded that all the lights should be extinguished: that, if the violence of her pain should occasion her face to change colour, no one might perceive it. And when the midwife said, ‘Madam, cry out, that will give you ease,’ she answered, ‘How dare you give me such advice? I would rather die than cry out.’”
In truth, the fads of sovereigns, with their royal etiquette77, were frequently carried to such lengths as to make martyrs78 of them. According to another absurd story from the same source, Philip III.,{92} when seated by the fireside, was once nearly suffocated79 with heat from the large quantity of wood that the fire-maker had kindled80; but “his grandeur81 would not suffer him to rise from the chair, and the domestics could not presume to enter the apartment, because it was against the etiquette. At length the Marquis de Potat appeared, and the King ordered him to damp the fire; but he excused himself, alleging82 that he was forbidden by the etiquette to perform such a function, for which the Duke d’Ussada ought to be called upon, as it was his business. The Duke was gone out, the fire burnt fiercer, and the King actually endured it rather than derogate83 from his dignity.” But, it is said, his blood was heated to such a degree that an erysipelas of the head appeared the next day, which, succeeded by a violent fever, carried him off in the twenty-fourth year of his reign76. And what can be more ludicrous than the following: The palace was once on fire; a soldier who knew the King’s sister was in her apartment, and must inevitably84 have been consumed in a few minutes by the flames, rushed in at the risk of his life, and brought her out. But Spanish etiquette was wofully broken, and the loyal soldier was brought to trial and condemned85 to death. The Spanish princess, however, in consideration of the circumstance, condescended86 to pardon the soldier, and saved his life.[42] Churchill might indeed well exclaim—
“Spain gives us pride—which Spain to all the earth
May largely give, nor fear herself a dearth87.”
{93}
Leopold the “Angel,” second son of the Emperor Ferdinand, would rear the most odoriferous plants, but inflicted88 on himself the mortification89 of never going near enough to smell them, imagining that by this act of self-denial he was thereby90 adding a step to a ladder of good works, “by which he hoped to scale heaven!”
Peter the Great had a strong aversion to being looked at in public, a peculiarity which when visiting this country kept him almost entirely91 aloof92 from the gaieties of the Court. On the birthday of the Princess Anne, when a grand ball was given by William III. at Kensington, curiosity so far prevailed over his diffidence as to induce him to express a wish to be present. But he contented93 himself with occupying a small apartment where, without being seen himself, he could be a spectator of the festive94 scene. On another occasion, writes Lord Dartmouth, Peter had a mind to see the King in Parliament, “in order to which he was placed in a gutter95 upon the house-top, to peep in at the window, where he made so ridiculous a figure that neither King nor people could forbear laughing, which obliged him to retire sooner than he intended.” It was probably from what was styled “the lantern” in the roof of the old House of Commons that the Czar witnessed the proceedings96 below. And many other anecdotes97 illustrative of this peculiar19 fad are to be found in the biographies of his Majesty.
Immediately on ascending98 the throne of Prussia, Frederick William’s mania99 for crimping and recruit{94}ing giants broke out with such force as to be the talk of Europe, “and the terror of every mother of a stalwart youth, not only in his own dominions, but in the neighbouring principalities.” So violently had his agents gone to work, that before the year 1713 was ended he issued a proclamation “not to stop the passengers on the post, as had been done several times.” Indeed, a regular man-hunt was instituted throughout all the villages, even during divine service. Once a rural pastor100 died of the shock occasioned by seeing his taller sacramental communicants carried off en masse by a recruiting party, “who thought that the Sunday congregation would spare them all further trouble in hunting through the cottages.” In 1720 this was repeated, but so violent was the indignation that an insurrection ensued.[43] From 1713 to 1735 it is said that Frederick William sent 12,000,000 of dollars for recruiting purposes into foreign countries, in connection with which may be quoted the following humorous but tragic101 occurrence: “In the duchy of Juliers, a Baron102 Hompesch, who was crimp-in-chief, once bespoke103 by way of strategy of a very tall master-joiner, who did not know him, a cupboard as long and as broad as the artisan himself. After some days the Baron called to take away the cupboard, but complained that it was of insufficient104 length. In a fit of alacrity105 the long-legged joiner laid himself full length within the cupboard as a proof that Hompesch was mistaken; but suddenly the door{95} was fastened by the people whom Hompesch had in waiting, and the unfortunate joiner was carried off as a recruit. On opening the cupboard afterwards he was found dead. Hompesch, however, was condemned to death, but the King commuted106 his sentence to imprisonment107 for life.”[44]
Numerous anecdotes have been told illustrative of Frederick William’s other fads and eccentricities. Sometimes he would signify his rejection108 of what he considered an absurd petition by drawing on the margin109 an ass’s head and ears. One day a baron of ancient patent having complained of another baron taking precedence of him, the King wrote on the petition: “Mere folly110; whether a man sits above me or below me, my birth remains111 the same.” Oftentimes he would ask people in the streets who they were, a peculiarity which made nervous people evade112 the royal presence. One day when a Jew saw the King approaching he took to his heels and ran; but Frederick William pursued him in hot haste, and when he overtook him, asked, “Why did you run away from me?” “From fear,” answered the Jew, whereupon his Majesty gave him a heavy thwack with his cane113, and said that he “wished himself to be loved, and not to be feared.”
And even while distracted with the gout, his eccentricity114 showed itself; for, as a hymn115 was being sung to him, at the passage, “Naked shall I go hence,” he interrupted the singers and said, “No—I shall be buried in my uniform.{96}”
Gregory of Tours, speaking of the “Do-nothing kings” of France, says that they sat at home “and gormandized like brute116 beasts,” showing themselves, as Dr. Doran writes, “once a year perhaps to the people, in state robes.” Such conduct was not to be commended, and so little was Childeric III. ever seen that he was known as the “Phantom King,” his chief amusement having consisted in curling his hair and dressing117 his beard. Equally apathetic118 and indifferent to his duties was Ferdinand I. of Austria. And, as an instance of his weak mind, one day he remarked in the imperial palace at Vienna, “I once very readily paid a visit to one of the theatres in the suburbs; but I don’t know—I can’t make out whether they wanted me or not.” It seems he thought he was there to put his signature to some document, “and he was puzzled as to whether he had been asked to do so or not.”
Frederick III. often fell asleep whilst the most important affairs of the State were being discussed, which acquired for him the nickname of “Emperor Night Cap.” When the Turks were destroying the villages and harvests of his people, he amused himself in his garden picking caterpillars119 out of his roses, and catching120 slugs with buttered cabbage leaves.[45]
His indolence so exasperated121 his wife Eleanor, that she said to her son Maximilian in a fit of anger, “On my word, if I thought you would be like your father, I should be ashamed of being the mother of such a king.” Frederick was too lazy, it is said, to{97} turn the handle of a door, but kicked till some one came to open it, or he burst it in. He paid the penalty of his stupidity, for by so doing he one day hurt his foot, and as mortification threatened the surgeons cut it off. “Ah me!” said Frederick, “a healthy boot is better than a sick Emperor.” His exact opposite was Frederick the Great, who was wont122 to exclaim, “Nothing is nearer akin23 to death than idleness. It is not necessary that I should live, but it is necessary that whilst I live I be busy.”
Of the many despicable traits of character of Louis XV., not one, perhaps, was more odious123 than his mania for speculating in corn. He became the chief partner of a company which forestalled124 corn. From the exceptional advantages this company enjoyed, “it created local and artificial famine in the different provinces for purposes of private gain. The King thus traded on the hunger of his people,” and, as it is added, “the most abject125 courtier of Versailles could not avoid feeling a twinge of shame when he noted on his bureau day by day the lists of the prices of grain in the different provinces as a guide for speculation126.” From such shameful127 dealings arose the legend of the Pacte de famine, which lingered in the memories of the people, and the spectre of which arose in terrible form during the most horrible scenes of the Revolution.
And Louis XI. in a capricious mood once promoted a poor priest whom he found sleeping in the porch of a church, that the proverb might be verified, that to lucky men good fortune will come even when they are asleep.{98}
Lastly, it has been said that the restlessness of Don Sebastian was the despair of his attendants. From one end to the other of his little kingdom there was a perpetual shifting of the royal quarters, “as the royal vagrant128 hurried in search of novelty and excitement, from Coimbra to Cape38 St. Vincent, from Almeirim to Alcoba?a, to Salvaterra.” Impenetrable to fatigue129 or hardship, the day afforded too scanty130 a scope for his activity, and the dead of night often found him exhausting his feverish131 impatience of repose132 in long hours of solitary133 pacing on the sandy shores of the Tagus, or under the dense134 gloom of the forest arcades135 of Cintra. And in Sebastian we are reminded of Charles XII. of Sweden, who, determined136 to brave the seasons as he had done his enemies, ventured to make long marches during the cold of the memorable137 winter of 1709, in one of which 2000 of his men died from the cold, in allusion138 to which Campbell, in “The Pleasures of Hope,” writes:—
“Or learn the fate that bleeding thousands bore,
Marched by their Charles to Dnieper’s swampy139 shore;
Faint in his wounds, and shivering in the blast,
The Swedish soldier sank, and groaned140 his last.”
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1
assassinate
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| vt.暗杀，行刺，中伤 | |
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inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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antipathy
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| n.憎恶；反感，引起反感的人或事物 | |
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4
impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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5
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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illustrates
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| 给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 )； 说明； 表明； （用示例、图画等）说明 | |
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planks
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| （厚）木板( plank的名词复数 )； 政纲条目，政策要点 | |
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chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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detested
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| v.憎恶，嫌恶，痛恨( detest的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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dwarfs
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| n.侏儒，矮子（dwarf的复数形式）vt.（使）显得矮小（dwarf的第三人称单数形式） | |
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bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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shunned
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| v.避开，回避，避免( shun的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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deformed
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| adj.畸形的；变形的；丑的，破相了的 | |
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fad
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| n.时尚；一时流行的狂热；一时的爱好 | |
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usher
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| n.带位员，招待员；vt.引导，护送；vi.做招待，担任引座员 | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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peculiarity
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| n.独特性，特色；特殊的东西；怪癖 | |
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admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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quaint
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| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
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akin
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| adj.同族的，类似的 | |
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whim
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| n.一时的兴致，突然的念头；奇想，幻想 | |
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rite
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| n.典礼，惯例，习俗 | |
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sedulous
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| adj.勤勉的，努力的 | |
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inquiries
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| n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 )；疑问；探究；打听 | |
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mien
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| n.风采；态度 | |
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magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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stink
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| vi.发出恶臭；糟透，招人厌恶；n.恶臭 | |
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conceit
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| n.自负，自高自大 | |
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smelt
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| v.熔解，熔炼；n.银白鱼，胡瓜鱼 | |
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filthy
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| adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的 | |
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shuddered
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| v.战栗( shudder的过去式和过去分词 )；发抖；（机器、车辆等）突然震动；颤动 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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assassination
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| n.暗杀；暗杀事件 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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doffing
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| n.下筒，落纱v.脱去，（尤指）脱帽( doff的现在分词 ) | |
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sable
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| n.黑貂；adj.黑色的 | |
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consonant
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| n.辅音；adj.[音]符合的 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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46
interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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vent
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| n.通风口，排放口；开衩；vt.表达，发泄 | |
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incensed
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| 盛怒的 | |
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attentive
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| adj.注意的，专心的；关心(别人)的，殷勤的 | |
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wig
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| n.假发 | |
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expended
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| v.花费( expend的过去式和过去分词 )；使用（钱等）做某事；用光；耗尽 | |
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fads
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| n.一时的流行，一时的风尚( fad的名词复数 ) | |
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55
eccentricities
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| n.古怪行为( eccentricity的名词复数 )；反常；怪癖 | |
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56
royalty
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| n.皇家，皇族 | |
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57
illustrated
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| adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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58
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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59
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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60
dominions
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| 统治权( dominion的名词复数 )； 领土； 疆土； 版图 | |
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61
dexterous
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| adj.灵敏的；灵巧的 | |
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62
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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63
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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64
extravagant
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| adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的 | |
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65
malady
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| n.病，疾病(通常做比喻) | |
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66
testament
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| n.遗嘱；证明 | |
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67
demons
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| n.恶人( demon的名词复数 )；恶魔；精力过人的人；邪念 | |
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68
monks
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| n.修道士，僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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69
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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70
counteract
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| vt.对…起反作用，对抗，抵消 | |
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71
malignant
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| adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的 | |
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72
enchanted
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| adj. 被施魔法的，陶醉的，入迷的 动词enchant的过去式和过去分词 | |
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73
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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74
superstitions
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| 迷信，迷信行为( superstition的名词复数 ) | |
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75
negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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76
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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etiquette
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| n.礼仪，礼节；规矩 | |
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78
martyrs
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| n.martyr的复数形式；烈士( martyr的名词复数 )；殉道者；殉教者；乞怜者（向人诉苦以博取同情） | |
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79
suffocated
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| （使某人）窒息而死( suffocate的过去式和过去分词 )； （将某人）闷死； 让人感觉闷热； 憋气 | |
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kindled
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| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
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81
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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82
alleging
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| 断言，宣称，辩解( allege的现在分词 ) | |
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83
derogate
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| v.贬低，诽谤 | |
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84
inevitably
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| adv.不可避免地；必然发生地 | |
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85
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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86
condescended
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| 屈尊，俯就( condescend的过去式和过去分词 )； 故意表示和蔼可亲 | |
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87
dearth
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| n.缺乏，粮食不足，饥谨 | |
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88
inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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89
mortification
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| n.耻辱，屈辱 | |
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90
thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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92
aloof
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| adj.远离的；冷淡的，漠不关心的 | |
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contented
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| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
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festive
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| adj.欢宴的，节日的 | |
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gutter
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| n.沟，街沟，水槽，檐槽，贫民窟 | |
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proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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anecdotes
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| n.掌故，趣闻，轶事( anecdote的名词复数 ) | |
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98
ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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99
mania
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| n.疯狂；躁狂症，狂热，癖好 | |
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100
pastor
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| n.牧师，牧人 | |
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101
tragic
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| adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的 | |
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102
baron
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| n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王 | |
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103
bespoke
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| adj.（产品）订做的；专做订货的v.预定( bespeak的过去式 )；订（货）；证明；预先请求 | |
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104
insufficient
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| adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的 | |
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105
alacrity
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| n.敏捷，轻快，乐意 | |
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106
commuted
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| 通勤( commute的过去式和过去分词 )； 减（刑）； 代偿 | |
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107
imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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108
rejection
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| n.拒绝，被拒，抛弃，被弃 | |
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109
margin
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| n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘 | |
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110
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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111
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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112
evade
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| vt.逃避，回避；避开，躲避 | |
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113
cane
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| n.手杖，细长的茎，藤条；v.以杖击，以藤编制的 | |
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114
eccentricity
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| n.古怪，反常，怪癖 | |
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115
hymn
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| n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌 | |
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116
brute
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| n.野兽，兽性 | |
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117
dressing
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| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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118
apathetic
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| adj.冷漠的，无动于衷的 | |
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119
caterpillars
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| n.毛虫( caterpillar的名词复数 )；履带 | |
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120
catching
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| adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住 | |
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121
exasperated
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| adj.恼怒的 | |
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122
wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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123
odious
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| adj.可憎的，讨厌的 | |
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124
forestalled
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| v.先发制人，预先阻止( forestall的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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125
abject
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| adj.极可怜的，卑屈的 | |
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126
speculation
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| n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机 | |
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127
shameful
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| adj.可耻的，不道德的 | |
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128
vagrant
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| n.流浪者，游民；adj.流浪的，漂泊不定的 | |
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129
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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130
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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131
feverish
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| adj.发烧的，狂热的，兴奋的 | |
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132
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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133
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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134
dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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135
arcades
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| n.商场( arcade的名词复数 )；拱形走道（两旁有商店或娱乐设施）；连拱廊；拱形建筑物 | |
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136
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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137
memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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138
allusion
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| n.暗示，间接提示 | |
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139
swampy
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| adj.沼泽的，湿地的 | |
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140
groaned
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| v.呻吟( groan的过去式和过去分词 )；发牢骚；抱怨；受苦 | |
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