But, apart from having been one of the most popular of our royal sports, hunting has not only been associated with many an important crisis in our history, but has had a romantic past. Thus it was when Henry was in the hunting-field, and the glancing aside of Wat Tyrrel’s arrow made him King of England, that an old woman in weird5 language addressed him thus:—
“Hasty news to thee I bring,
Henry, thou art now a king;
Mark the words and heed6 them well,
Which to thee in sooth I tell,
And recall them in the hour,
Of thy regal state and power.”
{136}
King John was much attached to the chase, and in Cranbourne Chase, in the parish of Tollard Royal, is an ancient farmhouse7 known as King John’s Hunting-seat, with which a legendary8 story is told. One day, it is said, King John, being equipped for hunting, issued forth9 with the gay pageantry and state of his day. As he rode along he heard a gallant10 youth address a lady nearly in these words:—
“We will, fair queen, up to the mountain’s top,
And mark the musical confusion,
Of hounds and echo in conjunction.”
The happy couple left Tollard Royal on horseback, and as they took leave of the King the moon was sinking below the horizon. They were missing for several days, until the King, while hunting with his courtiers, found their lifeless remains12. It appeared that when the moon set they must have mistaken their road, and have fallen “into a hideous13 pit, where both were killed.”
Marguerite, second wife of Edward I., was so keen a huntress that she was eagerly following the chase, when symptoms occurred which forced her to seek in haste the first roof she could reach. It was in a house at Brotherton, a village in Yorkshire, traditionally pointed14 out for centuries, that her firstborn son, Thomas, afterwards Duke of Norfolk and Grand Marshal of England, first saw the light.
Edward III., at the time he was engaged at war with France, and resident in that country, had with him in his army sixty couples of stag-hounds, and
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EDWARD III.
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as many hare-hounds, rarely allowing a day to pass without gratifying his favourite taste for hunting.
Tradition, too, long identified “the Queen’s oak” at Grafton as where Elizabeth Woodville waylaid15 Edward IV. in the forest of Whittlebury, with a fatherless boy in either hand. She threw herself at his feet, and pleaded for the restoration of Bradgate, the inheritance of her children. Her downcast looks and mournful beauty not only gained her suit, but reached the heart of Edward, who on making certain proposals received the memorable17 answer, “I know I am not good enough to be your queen, but I am too good to become your mistress.”
But what shall be said of Henry VIII., who on that eventful morning—the 19th of May 1536—attired for the chase, with his huntsmen and hounds around him, stood under the spreading oak in Richmond Park, breathlessly awaiting the signal-gun from the Tower which was to announce the execution of his once “entirely beloved Anne Boleyn.” At last, when the sullen18 sound of the death-gun was heard, he joyously19 cried, “Ha, ha! the deed is done, uncouple the hounds and away!”
How different were Henry’s feelings on this day to what they had been in 1532, when Cardinal20 du Bellai, ambassador from Francis I., gave this pleasant picture of another hunting scene in which the ill-fated Anne Boleyn took part: “I am alone every day with the King when we are hunting; he chats familiarly with me, and sometimes Madame Anne joins our party. Each of them is equipped with bow and arrows, which is, as you know, their mode{138} of following the chase. Sometimes he places us in a station to see him shoot the deer; and whenever he arrives near any house belonging to his courtiers, he alights to tell them of the feats21 he has accomplished22. Madame Anne has presented me a complete set of hunting-gear, consisting of a cap, a bow and arrows, and a greyhound. I do not tell you this as a boast of the lady’s favour, but to show how much King Henry prizes me as the representative of our monarch23, for whatever that lady does is directed by him.”
Elizabeth was fond of hunting, and the nobility who entertained her in her different progresses made large hunting-parties, which she usually joined if the weather was favourable24. “Her Majesty25,” says a courtier, writing to Sir Robert Sidney,[67] “is well and excellently disposed to hunting, for every second day she is on horseback, and continues the sport long.” At this time her Majesty had just entered her seventy-seventh year, and she was then at her palace at Oatlands. And oftentimes, when she was not disposed to hunt herself, she was entertained with the sight of the pastime. At Cowdray in Sussex—the seat of Lord Montacute—one day after dinner, we read in Nichols’s “Progresses,” how her Grace saw from a turret26 “sixteen bucks27, all having fayre lawe, pulled down with greyhounds in a laund or lawn.” And many other accounts have been left us of the interest Elizabeth always took in the chase.
James I. found much enjoyment28 in hunting, and{139} it was a common expression of our ancestors on taking leave of their friends, “God’s peace be with you, as King James said to his hounds.”
Scaliger observed of him, “The King of England is merciful except in hunting, where he appears cruel. When he finds himself unable to take the beast, he frets29 and cries, ‘God is angry with me, but I will have him for all that.’” “His favourite pastime once nearly cost him his life, for he was thrown headlong into a pond, and very narrowly escaped drowning. On another occasion his bad horsemanship nearly proved fatal to him, for Mr. Joseph Meade writes to Sir Martin Stuteville, 11th January 1622: ‘The same day his Majesty rode by coach to Theobald’s to dinner, ... and after dinner, riding on horseback abroad, his horse stumbled, and cast his Majesty into the New River, where the ice brake; he fell in so that nothing but his boots were seen. Sir Richard Young went into the water and lifted him out.’” Indeed, Sir Richard Baker30 informs us the King’s riding was so remarkable31 that it could not with so much propriety32 be said that he rode, as that his horse carried him. He often hunted in Cranbourne Chase, and in a copy of Barker’s Bible, printed in 1594, which formerly33 belonged to the family of the Cokers of Woodcotes, in the Chase, are entries of the King’s visits: “The 24th day of August, our King James was in Mr. Butler’s Walke, and found the bucke, and killed him in Vernedich, in Sir Walter Vahen’s Walk.”
In the painting of Queen Anne of Denmark{140} in her hunting costume, her dogs are introduced by Van Somers; they wear ornamental34 collars, round which are embossed in gold the letters, A. R.; they are dwarf35 greyhounds. The Queen holds a crimson36 cord in her hand in which two of these dogs are linked, and it is long enough to allow them to run in the leash37 by her side when on horseback. A very small greyhound is begging, by putting its paws against her green cut-velvet farthingale, as if jealous of her attention.
Catherine of Braganza, Queen-Consort of Charles II., loved sport, and from all accounts her hunting establishment was carried on in an elaborate manner, for mention is made of “the master of her Majesty’s bows,” with a salary of ￡61 attached to his office; “a yeoman of her Majesty’s bows,” “a master of her Majesty’s bucks,” &c. At Oxnead a venerable oak was long pointed out, beneath which, according to local tradition, King Charles and his Queen stood when they shot at the butts38. In the year 1676 a silver badge for the marshal of the fraternity of bowmen, of which she was the patroness, was made, weighing twenty-five ounces, with the figure of an archer39 drawing the long English bow to his ear, with the inscription40, “Regin? Catharin? Sagitarii,” having also the arms of England and Portugal, with two bowmen for supporters.
James II. oftentimes hunted two or three times a week, and a contemporary thus writes: “His Majesty to-day, God bless him! underwent the fatigue41 of a long fox-chase. I saw him and his{141} followers42 return, as like drowned rats as ever appendixes to royalty43 did.” In the year 1686, when pursuing the dangerous designs which led to his expulsion, he still indulged in the chase, and Sir John Bramston in his Autobiography44 tells us how on the 3rd of May James hunted the red deer near Chelmsford with the Duke of Albemarle, Prince George of Denmark, and some of the lords of his Court. After a long chase, the King was in at the death between Romford and Brentwood. The same night he supped at Newhall with his fellow-hunters; and on the next day he hunted another stag which lay in Newhall Park, and a famous run they had, for “the gallant creature leaped the paling, swam the river, ran through Brampfield, Pleshie, and the Roothings, and was at last killed at Hatfield.” On this occasion, too, James was in at the death, although most of the lords, including the Duke of Albemarle, were thrown out, much to his delight. But as his horse was spent, and royalty in some need of a dinner, Lord Dartmouth advised to make for Copthall, the seat of the Earl of Dorset, and accordingly he sent a groom45 to apprise46 his Lordship that his Majesty would take family fare with him that day. It happened that the Earl was dining out at Rockholts, and the Countess about to pay some visits in the neighbourhood, when the messenger met them, stopped the coach, and announced the royal intent. As her cook and butler were gone to Waltham fair, she would have excused herself on the plea that her lord and servants were out, but{142} a second messenger following close on the heels of the first, she drove home, and sent her carriage to meet his Majesty.
She exerted her energies to excellent purpose, and on his Majesty’s arrival a handsome collation47 was prepared for him. Well pleased, the King set forth for London, and on the road met the Earl of Dorset returning from Rockholts, who, alighting from his coach, offered his regrets that he had not been at home to entertain his Majesty.
“Make no excuse, my lord,” replied the King, “all was exceedingly well done, and very handsome.”
King William’s favourite diversion was hunting, or rather coursing. In a letter to Lord Portland, dated from Windsor, 1701, his Majesty displays the keen relish48 he took in this sport: “I am hunting the hare every day in the park with your dogs and mine. The rabbits are almost all killed, and their burrows49 will soon be stopped up. The day before yesterday I took a stag in the forest with the Prince of Denmark’s hounds, and had a pretty good run as far as this villainous country permits.” It may be remarked that King William’s uncomplimentary epithets50 touching51 England and the English have been made the subject of strong comment; but, as it has been observed, the abhorrence52 of the land he ruled “was not founded on moral detestation of its vilest53 diversions, in the worst of which he partook.” As shown elsewhere, he was a desperate gambler, and Count Tallard, the French ambassador, mentioning some of his doings, thus{143} writes: “On leaving the palace King William went to the cock-fight, whither I accompanied him. He made me sit beside him.”
Queen Anne’s principal amusement was hunting. On the 31st of July 1711 Swift writes to Stella from Windsor: “The Queen was abroad to-day in order to hunt, but finding it disposed to rain, she kept in her coach. She hunts in a chaise with one horse, which she drives herself, and drives furiously, like Jehu, and is a mighty54 hunter, like Nimrod.”
On the 7th of the following month Swift writes to Stella: “I dined to-day with the gentlemen Ushers55, among scurvy56 company; but the Queen was hunting the stag till four this afternoon, and she drove in her chaise above forty miles, and it was five before we went to dinner.”
Her Majesty must have had some skill in driving, or she would probably have met with a series of disasters similar to one which befell her friend the Duchess of Somerset, who was overturned.
Prior to ascending57 the throne she purchased a cottage lodge58 in the neighbourhood of Windsor, and every summer she hunted the stag in Windsor Forest. A noble oak with a glass plate affixed59 to it, intimating that it was called “Queen Anne’s oak,” as beneath its branches she was accustomed to mount her horse for the chase, was long a place of interest.
George II. was often to be found in the hunting-field, and was on such an occasion usually attended by the Queen, one or more of the princesses, the maids of honour, and a number of the courtiers{144} of both sexes. The sport was not unfrequently attended by accident, and one day the Princess Amelia had a narrow escape with her life. This princess was devoted60 to the pleasures of the field, and in the pursuit of her favourite amusement adopted a costume which more nearly resembled that of the male than the female sex. In the gallery at Hardwicke there is a curious portrait of her—in a round hunting cap and laced coat—which, says Mr. Jesse, “those who are unacquainted with her peculiarities61 would hardly persuade themselves could be intended for a woman.”
It is recorded of Charlemagne that he was passionately62 devoted to the chase, and arranged his hunting appointments with every show of luxury, it having been his special delight to show the splendour of his hunting establishment to foreign princes. When hunting, it is said, the organisation64 was like that “of a military expedition, and resembled the immense battues which the sovereigns of Germany delighted in during the last century. Armies of men beat the woods, and many packs of dogs drove all the animals of a large district into enclosures of nets and snares65, when the hunters of the highest rank attacked them on horseback with the lance and the javelin66.”
Many of the French monarchs67 made hunting their favourite pastime. The coronation of Philip Augustus was postponed68 by the illness of the young prince. He was benighted69 whilst hunting in the forest of Compiègne, brought home by a peasant, but was so terrified that a very long illness was the{145} result. The chase was the only sport that Louis XI. cared for, and it is commonly said that he was as selfish and cruel in protecting his preserves as William Rufus himself. It is related that Louis at a later period cut off a Norman gentleman’s ear for shooting a hare on his own grounds. Basin goes so far as to say that Montauban—one of the favourites of Louis XI.—being appointed Chief of Forests and Rivers—showed himself so severe and rapacious70 in the granting of licences and the punishment of offences connected with the chase, that the entire gentry71 of the country were filled with rage![68]
The Bois de Boulogne was formed by Francis I., that he might hunt close to his capital, and the Chateau72 de Madrid was built in it for his night’s rest. Fontainebleau, with its forty acres of forest, often resounded73 with the fanfares74 of the huntsmen, as the King’s gay train galloped75 through the wooded glades76. More than once his life was in danger whilst fighting hand to hand with the wild boars caught in the nets; and one day he was dragged from his saddle by a stag which threw him to the ground. Chambord, once the Versailles of the south, owes its castle to him, which he built, after his imprisonment77 in Spain, for a hunting lodge.
Louis XIII. was fond of the chase, and Versailles owed its grandeur78 to his love for hunting. Tired of sleeping in a windmill, or a cabaret, when wearied with his long rides through the forest of St. Leger,{146} he built a small pavilion, which was replaced in 1627 by an elegant chateau, which under Louis XIV. assumed its later proportions. The latter monarch made his début in boar-hunting at the age of four, and his daily journal betrays the large portion of time given up to it in the midst of events which precipitated79 the French monarchy80 to ruin.
The only passion, it is said, ever shown by Louis XVI. was for hunting. On one occasion, writes Soulavie,[69] “he was so much occupied by it that when I went up into his private closets at Versailles, I saw upon the staircase six frames, in which were seen statements of all his hunts when dauphin and when king. In them was detailed81 the number, kind, and quality of the game he had killed at each hunting-party during every month, every season, and every year of his reign63.”
The story goes that when Gustavus reached Paris on June 7, 1784, he went on the same evening to Versailles. But Louis had been hunting, and was at supper at Rambouillet when a courier from Vergennes brought him the news. The King at once retired82 to Versailles, but not being expected, could find neither valets-de-chambre nor keys. Accordingly, he was compelled to dress as best he could, and finally made his appearance before his royal guest in two odd shoes—one with a red, the other with a black heel—with odd buckles—one gold, one silver—and the rest of his dress in similar confusion.
The indifference83 paid by Marie Antoinette to{147} conventional rules observed by those in high station exposed her to censure84; but even her opponents have been forced to admit that one of her charms was the genuine kindness she often displayed to persons in a humble85 sphere of life. Thus, on one occasion, a strange accident happened. The stag, being closely pursued by the hounds during the royal hunt, leaped into an enclosure in which the owner was at work. The animal not seeing any means of escape became furious, ran at the peasant, and struck him two blows with its antlers, inflicting86 a dangerous wound. His wife, in a state of despair, rushed towards a group of sportsmen she saw at a distance—it was the King and his suite87. She cried out for help, telling what had happened to her husband, and then fell down in a swoon. The King gave orders that she should be attended to, and after speaking kindly88 and compassionately89 rode away; but the Dauphiness, who had come up, stepped out of her carriage, ran to the woman, made her smell essenced water, which gave her relief, and presented her with all the money she had on her person.
On July 25, 1830, Charles X. of France signed the decrees which abolished the liberty of the press, and on the following day—although it was summertime—he went with the Dauphin to hunt the stag in the forest of Rambouillet. It proved to be an historic hunt, for “it seemed as if he had come to gaze at the scene whence his royalty was to be carried out to be buried.” By half-past nine the following night eight royal carriages and some hired coaches{148} deposited at the gates of Rambouillet the fugitive90 King and a part of his terrified family; and thus came to pass the deposition91 of the last of the Bourbon kings who had reigned92 in France.
Frederick William I. of Prussia was an enthusiastic huntsman, and attached to the royal household were twelve huntsmen, who, besides their services in the chase, likewise waited at table. During several of his illnesses they had to sit up with him, and to amuse him during his sleepless93 nights with hunters’ stories. On the other hand, Frederick the Great denounced hunting as cruel, and he used frequently to say, “The butcher does not kill animals for his pleasure, but merely because human society requires them for food; whereas the hunter kills them only for his pleasure, which is detestable. The hunter, therefore, should be placed in the scale of society below the butcher.” Frederick William III., too, never had any taste for hunting, which he called “a cruel miserable94 pleasure”; and he even gave it as his opinion that his ancestor, Frederick William I., of whom he loved to speak, had been made so harsh and cruel by it.
Ferdinand V., the Catholic, who united the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon by his marriage with Isabella, cared for no other amusement save that of hunting, especially falconry; and Charles V. was fond of the chase. Maximilian II. found his chief pleasure in hunting, and he acquired the celebrated95 Prater96—the Hyde Park of Vienna—which was originally a forest park with preserved game. In one of his letters to his brother-in-law, Albert of Bavaria,{149} dated September 28, 1568, he writes: “I have several times wished from all my heart that you were with us in the Prater, where lots of fine stags have shown themselves, and particularly on Tuesday last, when I had a boar-hunt there, at which I bagged thirty head of game.”
Hunting the boar in the forests which surrounded the royal residence of Cintra was the great delight of Don Sebastian. We are told that he always dismounted to give the coup11 de grace to the boar. Sometimes the wounded beast turned upon his assailant, but none of the cavaliers presumed, however desperate the struggle, to interfere97 between the King and his savage98 foe99.
A Portuguese100 monarch who devoted much time to hunting was Alfonso IV., a pursuit he indulged in to the detriment101 of the State. But his presence one day being essential at Lisbon, he entered the council-chamber full of the adventures of the chase, with which he entertained the nobles present. After concluding his narrative102, a nobleman of the first rank thus addressed him:—
“Courts and camps are allowed for kings, not woods and deserts. Even the affairs of private men suffer when recreation is preferred to business; but when the phantasies of pleasure engross103 the thoughts of a king, a whole nation is consigned104 to ruin. If your Majesty will attend to the wants and remove the grievances105 of your people, you will find them obedient subjects; if not, they will look out for another and a better king.”
Alfonso, in the transport of passion, retired, but{150} soon returned, and said: “I perceive the truth of your remarks. He who will not execute the duties of a king cannot long have good subjects. Remember, from this day forward I am no longer Alfonso the Sportsman, but Alfonso, King of Portugal”—a resolve which he kept with the most rigid106 determination, becoming one of the greatest of the Portuguese monarchs.
The only accomplishment107, it is said, in which Alfonso VI. was a proficient108 was horsemanship. He once rode full-tilt at a savage bull in a meadow, but the brute109 so galled110 his royal assailant with his horns, that “he was unhorsed and nearly lost his life.” Amongst the wild acts of this wretched monarch, we are told how one night, returning from the chase, he charged two inoffensive citizens, sword in hand, and after riding over them would have despatched them, had not the grand huntsman interfered111.
Charles III. of Spain was more attached to the sports of the field than the splendour of the monarchy; and it is said that no weather, however bad, could keep him at home. In addition to a most numerous retinue112 of persons belonging to his hunting establishment, several times a year all the idle fellows in the neighbourhood of Madrid were hired to scour113 the country, far and wide, and drive the wild boars, hares, and deer into a ring, where they passed before the royal family. Charles also kept in a diary a regular account of the victims to his skill. A short time before his death he boasted to a foreign ambassador that he had killed with his own hand 539 wolves and 5323 foxes. “So that,{151} you see,” he said, with a smile, “my diversion has not been useless to my country.” And it is further said that so devoted was his Majesty to hunting that there were only three days in the year when he did not attend the chase.
Charles IV. was equally fond of hunting, and the first feeling he had of his uncrowned condition was on hearing that the new king had ordered all the wolves and foxes to be destroyed. It was not his son’s policy which disconcerted him, but the suppression of his hunting establishment, which had been his only pleasure for many years.
Amongst the fatalities114 on the hunting-field may be mentioned the death of Casimir IV., King of Poland, who was thrown from his horse near Cracow, November 3, 1370. During the years that Stanislaus Leczinski reigned, he paid every regard to his preserves, chases, and forests. He took great pride in his deer, which were often so numerous that the harvests were occasionally ruined by them—so destructive were they to the crops. But this monarch, says Dr. Doran, is praised “for having reduced his hunting establishment, and opened his preserves for cultivation115.” He certainly did this, but it was not till he was too old to mount a horse, or hold a gun. Before that, if a hungry man snared116 a hare he was sent to the gallows117. But whatever his inconsistencies may have been, Stanislaus continued to win popular affection, than which, says Grimm, he could not have had a more touching funeral oration16 at the time of his death.
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applied
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incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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tapestry
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| n.挂毯，丰富多采的画面 | |
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circumference
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| n.圆周，周长，圆周线 | |
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weird
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| adj.古怪的，离奇的；怪诞的，神秘而可怕的 | |
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heed
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farmhouse
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legendary
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| adj.传奇（中）的，闻名遐迩的；n.传奇（文学） | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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coup
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| n.政变；突然而成功的行动 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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pointed
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waylaid
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| v.拦截，拦路( waylay的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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oration
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memorable
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sullen
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joyously
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cardinal
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| n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的 | |
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feats
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| 功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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accomplished
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monarch
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favourable
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majesty
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turret
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bucks
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enjoyment
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frets
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| 基质间片； 品丝（吉他等指板上定音的）( fret的名词复数 ) | |
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baker
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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propriety
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formerly
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ornamental
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dwarf
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crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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37
leash
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| n.牵狗的皮带，束缚；v.用皮带系住 | |
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38
butts
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| 笑柄( butt的名词复数 )； （武器或工具的）粗大的一端； 屁股； 烟蒂 | |
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39
archer
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| n.射手，弓箭手 | |
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40
inscription
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| n.（尤指石块上的）刻印文字，铭文，碑文 | |
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41
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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42
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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43
royalty
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| n.皇家，皇族 | |
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44
autobiography
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| n.自传 | |
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45
groom
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| vt.给（马、狗等）梳毛，照料，使...整洁 | |
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46
apprise
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| vt.通知，告知 | |
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47
collation
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| n.便餐；整理 | |
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48
relish
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| n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味 | |
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49
burrows
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| n.地洞( burrow的名词复数 )v.挖掘（洞穴），挖洞( burrow的第三人称单数 )；翻寻 | |
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50
epithets
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| n.（表示性质、特征等的）词语( epithet的名词复数 ) | |
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51
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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52
abhorrence
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| n.憎恶；可憎恶的事 | |
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53
vilest
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| adj.卑鄙的( vile的最高级 )；可耻的；极坏的；非常讨厌的 | |
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54
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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55
ushers
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| n.引座员( usher的名词复数 )；招待员；门房；助理教员v.引，领，陪同( usher的第三人称单数 ) | |
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56
scurvy
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| adj.下流的，卑鄙的，无礼的；n.坏血病 | |
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57
ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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58
lodge
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| v.临时住宿，寄宿，寄存，容纳；n.传达室，小旅馆 | |
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59
affixed
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| adj.[医]附着的，附着的v.附加( affix的过去式和过去分词 )；粘贴；加以；盖（印章） | |
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60
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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61
peculiarities
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| n. 特质, 特性, 怪癖, 古怪 | |
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62
passionately
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| ad.热烈地，激烈地 | |
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63
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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organisation
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| n.组织，安排，团体，有机休 | |
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65
snares
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| n.陷阱( snare的名词复数 )；圈套；诱人遭受失败（丢脸、损失等）的东西；诱惑物v.用罗网捕捉，诱陷，陷害( snare的第三人称单数 ) | |
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66
javelin
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| n.标枪，投枪 | |
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67
monarchs
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| 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
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68
postponed
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| vt.& vi.延期，缓办，（使）延迟vt.把…放在次要地位；[语]把…放在后面（或句尾）vi.（疟疾等）延缓发作（或复发） | |
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benighted
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| adj.蒙昧的 | |
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70
rapacious
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| adj.贪婪的，强夺的 | |
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71
gentry
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| n.绅士阶级，上层阶级 | |
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72
chateau
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| n.城堡，别墅 | |
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73
resounded
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| v.（指声音等）回荡于某处( resound的过去式和过去分词 )；产生回响；（指某处）回荡着声音 | |
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74
fanfares
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| n.仪式上用的短曲( fanfare的名词复数 ) | |
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galloped
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| （使马）飞奔，奔驰( gallop的过去式和过去分词 )； 快速做[说]某事 | |
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76
glades
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| n.林中空地( glade的名词复数 ) | |
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77
imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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78
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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precipitated
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| v.（突如其来地）使发生( precipitate的过去式和过去分词 )；促成；猛然摔下；使沉淀 | |
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80
monarchy
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| n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国 | |
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81
detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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82
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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83
indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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84
censure
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| v./n.责备；非难；责难 | |
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85
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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86
inflicting
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的现在分词 ) | |
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87
suite
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| n.一套(家具)；套房；随从人员 | |
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88
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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89
compassionately
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| adv.表示怜悯地，有同情心地 | |
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90
fugitive
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| adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者 | |
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91
deposition
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| n.免职，罢官；作证；沉淀；沉淀物 | |
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92
reigned
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| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
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93
sleepless
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| adj.不睡眠的，睡不著的，不休息的 | |
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94
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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95
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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96
prater
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| 多嘴的人，空谈者 | |
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97
interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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98
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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99
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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100
Portuguese
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| n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语 | |
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101
detriment
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| n.损害；损害物，造成损害的根源 | |
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102
narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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103
engross
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| v.使全神贯注 | |
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104
consigned
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| v.把…置于（令人不快的境地）( consign的过去式和过去分词 )；把…托付给；把…托人代售；丟弃 | |
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105
grievances
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| n.委屈( grievance的名词复数 )；苦衷；不满；牢骚 | |
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106
rigid
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| adj.严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的 | |
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107
accomplishment
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| n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能 | |
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108
proficient
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| adj.熟练的，精通的；n.能手，专家 | |
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109
brute
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| n.野兽，兽性 | |
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110
galled
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| v.使…擦痛( gall的过去式和过去分词 )；擦伤；烦扰；侮辱 | |
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111
interfered
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| v.干预( interfere的过去式和过去分词 )；调停；妨碍；干涉 | |
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112
retinue
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| n.侍从；随员 | |
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113
scour
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| v.搜索；擦，洗，腹泻，冲刷 | |
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114
fatalities
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| n.恶性事故( fatality的名词复数 )；死亡；致命性；命运 | |
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115
cultivation
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| n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成 | |
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116
snared
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| v.用罗网捕捉，诱陷，陷害( snare的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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117
gallows
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| n.绞刑架，绞台 | |
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