Among the numerous books which at one time of another I had resolved to write, and which the evening twilight1 of my life finds still unwritten, was one on Fur-trading. This volume, indeed, came somewhat nearer to a state of actual existence than any of its unborn brethren, since I have yet a great store of notes and memoranda2 gathered for its construction in earlier years. My other works, such as the great treatise3 on Astronomical4 Delusions--which Herschel and La Place afterward5 rendered unnecessary--and the "History of the Dutch in America," never even progressed to this point of preparation. I mention this to show that I resist a genuine temptation now in deciding not to put into this narrative6 a great deal about my experiences in, and information concerning, the almost trackless West of my youth. My diary of this first and momentous7 journey with Mr. Jonathan Cross, yellow with age and stained by damp and mildew8, lies here before me; along with it are many odd and curious incidents and reflections jotted9 down, mirroring that strange, rude, perilous10 past which seems so far away to the generation now directing a safe and almost eventless commerce to the Pacific and the Gulf11. But I will draw from my stock only the barest outlines, sufficient to keep in continuity the movement of my story.
When we reached Caughnawaga Mr. Cross and his party were waiting for us at the trading store of my godfather, good old Douw Fonda. I was relieved to learn that I had not delayed them; for it was still undecided, I found, whether we should all take to the river here, or send the boats forward with the men, and ourselves proceed to the Great Carrying Place at Fort Stanwix by the road. Although it was so early in the season, the Mohawk ran very low between its banks. Major Jelles Fonda, the eldest12 son of my godfather, and by this time the true head of the business, had only returned from the Lakes, and it was by his advice that we settled upon riding and carting as far as we could, and leaving the lightened boats to follow. So we set out in the saddle, my friend and I, stopping one night with crazy old John Abeel--he who is still remembered as the father of the Seneca half-breed chieftain Corn-Planter--and the next night with Honnikol Herkimer.
This man, I recall, greatly impressed Mr. Cross. We were now in an exclusively German section of the Valley, where no Dutch and very little English was to be heard. Herkimer himself conversed13 with us in a dialect that must often have puzzled my English friend, though he gravely forbore showing it. I had known Colonel Herkimer all my life; doubtless it was this familiarity with his person and speech which had prevented my recognizing his real merit, for I was not a little surprised when Mr. Cross said to me that night: "Our host is one of the strongest and most sagacious men I have ever encountered in the Colonies; he is worth a thousand of your Butlers or Sir Johns."
It became clear in later years that my friend was right. I remember that I regarded the hospitable14 Colonel, at breakfast next morning, with a closer and more respectful attention than ever before, but it was not easy to discern any new elements of greatness in his talk.
Herkimer was then a middle-aged15, undersized man, very swart and sharp-eyed, and with a quick, almost vehement16 way of speaking. It took no time at all to discover that he watched the course of politics in the Colonies pretty closely, and was heart and soul on the anti-English side. One thing which he said, in his effort to make my friend understand the difference between his position and the more abstract and educated discontent of New England and Virginia, sticks in my memory.
"We Germans," he said, "are not like the rest. Our fathers and mothers remember their sufferings in the old country, kept ragged17 and hungry and wretched, in such way as my negroes do not dream of, all that some scoundrel baron18 might have gilding19 on his carriage, and that the Elector might enjoy himself in his palace. They were beaten, hanged, robbed of their daughters, worked to death, frozen by the cold in their nakedness, dragged off into the armies to be sold to any prince who could pay for their blood and broken bones. The French who overran the Palatinate were bad enough; the native rulers were even more to be hated. The exiles of our race have not forgotten this; they have told it all to us, their children and grandchildren born here in this Valley. We have made a new home for ourselves over here, and we owe no one but God anything for it. If they try to make here another aristocracy over us, then we will die first before we will submit."
The case for the Mohawk Valley's part in the great revolt has never been more truly stated, I think, than it was thus, by the rough, uneducated, little frontier trader, in his broken English, on that May morning years before the storm broke.
We rode away westward20 in the full sunshine that morning, in high spirits. The sky was pure blue overhead; the birds carolled from every clump21 of foliage22 about us; the scenery, to which Mr. Cross paid much delighted attention, first grew nobly wild and impressive when we skirted the Little Falls--as grand and gloomy in its effect of towering jagged cliffs and foaming23 cataracts24 as one of Jacob Ruysdael's pictures--and then softened25 into a dream of beauty as it spread out before us the smiling, embowered expanses of the German Flatts. Time and time again my companion and I reined26 up our horses to contemplate27 the charms of this lovely scene. We had forded the river near Fort Herkimer, where old Hon Yost Herkimer, the father of the Colonel, lived, and were now once more on the north side. From an open knoll29 I pointed30 out to my friend, by the apple and pear blossoms whitening the deserted31 orchards32, the site of the Palatines' village where Daisy's father had been killed, fifteen years ago, in the midnight rout33 and massacre34.
"It was over those hills that the French stole in darkness. Back yonder, at the very ford28 we crossed, her poor mother was trampled35 under foot and drowned in the frightened throng36. It was at the fort there, where we had the buttermilk and Kuchen, that your cousin, Major Cross, found the little girl. I wonder if he ever knew how deeply grateful to him we were--and are."
This brought once more to my mind--where indeed it had often enough before intruded37 itself--the recollection of young Philip's arrival at the Cedars38. For some reason I had disliked to speak of it before, but now I told Mr. Cross of it as we walked our horses along over the rough, muddy road, under the arching roof of thicket39.
"I'll be bound Mr. Stewart welcomed him with open arms," said my companion.
"Ay, indeed! No son could have asked a fonder greeting."
"Yes, the lad is very like his mother; that of itself would suffice to warm the old gentleman's heart. You knew he was a suitor for her hand long before Tony Cross ever saw her?"
I didn't know this, but I nodded silently.
"Curious creature she was," mused40 he, as if to himself. "Selfish, suspicious, swift to offence, jealous of everything and everybody about her--yet with moods when she seemed to all she met the most amiable41 and delightful42 of women. She had her fine side, too. She would have given her life gladly for the success of the Jacobites, of that I'm sure. And proud!--no duchess could have carried her head higher."
"You say her son is very like her?"
"As like as two leaves on a twig43. Perhaps he has something of his father's Irish openness of manner as well. His father belonged to the younger, what we call the Irish, branch of our family, you know, though it is as English in the matter of blood as I am. We were only second cousins, in point of fact, and his grandfather was set up in Ireland by the bounty44 of mine. Yet Master Philip condescends45 to me, patronizes me, as if the case had been reversed."
Mr. Cross did not speak as if he at all resented this, but in a calm, analytical46 manner, and with a wholly impersonal47 interest. I have never known another man who was so totally without individual bias48, and regarded all persons and things with so little reference to his own feelings. If he had either prejudices or crotchets on any point, I never discovered them. He was, I feel assured, a scrupulously49 honest and virtuous50 gentleman, yet he never seemed to hate people who were not so. He was careful not to let them get an advantage over him, but for the rest he studied them and observed their weaknesses and craft, with the same quiet interest he displayed toward worthier51 objects. A thoroughly52 equable nature was his--with little capacity for righteous indignation on the one side, and no small tendencies toward envy or peevishness53 on the other. There was not a wrinkle on his calm countenance54, nor any power of angry flashing in his steadfast55, wide-apart, gray eyes. But his tongue could cut deep on occasion.
We were now well beyond the last civilized56 habitation in the Valley of the Mohawk, and we encamped that night above the bank of a little rivulet57 that crossed the highway some four miles to the east of Fort Stanwix. Tulp and the Dutchman, Barent Coppernol, whom Mr. Cross had brought along, partially58 unpacked59 the cart, and set to with their axes. Soon there had been constructed a shelter for us, half canvas, half logs and brush, under a big beech-tree which stood half-way up the western incline from the brook60, and canopied61 with its low boughs62 a smooth surface of clear ground. We had supper here, and then four huge night-fires were built as an outer wall of defence, and Barent went to sleep, while young Tulp, crouching63 and crooning by the blaze, began his portion of the dreary64 watch to keep up the fires.
We lay awake for a long time on our bed of hemlock65 twigs66 and brake, well wrapped up, our heads close to the beech-trunk, our knees raised to keep the fierce heat of the flames from our faces. From time to time we heard the barking of the wolves, now distant, now uncomfortably near. When the moon came up, much later, the woods seemed alive with strange vocal67 noises and ominous68 rustlings in the leaves and brakes. It was my London companion's first night in the open wilderness69; but while he was very acute to note new sounds and inquire their origin, he seemed to be in no degree nervous.
We talked of many things, more particularly, I remember, of what Herkimer had said at breakfast. And it is a very remarkable70 thing that, as we talked thus of the German merchant-farmer and his politics, we were lying on the very spot where, five years later, I was to behold71 him sitting, wounded but imperturbable72, smoking his pipe and giving orders of battle, under the most hellish rain of bullets from which man ever shrank affrighted. And the tranquil73 moon above us was to look down again upon this little vale, and turn livid to see its marsh74 and swale choked with fresh corpses75, and its brook rippling76 red with blood. And the very wolves we heard snapping and baying in the thicket were to raise a ghastly halloo, here among these same echoes, as they feasted on the flesh of my friends and comrades.
We did not guess this fearsome future, but instead lay peacefully, contentedly77 under the leaves, with the balmy softness of the firs in the air we breathed, and the flaming firelight in our eyes. Perhaps lank78, uncouth79 Barent Coppernol may have dreamed of it, as he snored by the outer heap of blazing logs. If so, did he, as in prophecy, see his own form, with cleft80 skull81, stretched on the hill-side?
"I spoke82 about Philip's having some of his father's adopted Irish traits," said Mr. Cross, after a longer interval83 of silence than usual. "One of them is the desire to have subordinates, dependents, about him. There is no Irishman so poor or lowly that he will not, if possible, encourage some still poorer, lowlier Irishman to hang to his skirts. It is a reflection of their old Gaelic tribal84 system, I suppose, which, between its chiefs above and its clansmen below, left no place for a free yeomanry. I note this same thing in the Valley, with the Johnsons and the Butlers. So far as Sir William is concerned, the quality I speak of has been of service to the Colony, for he has used his fondness and faculty85 for attracting retainers and domineering over subordinates to public advantage. But then he is an exceptional and note-worthy man--one among ten thousand. But his son Sir John, and his son-in-law Guy Johnson, and the Butlers, father and son, and now to them added our masterful young Master Philip--these own no such steadying balance-wheel of common-sense. They have no restraining notion of public interest. Their sole idea is to play the aristocrat86, to surround themselves with menials, to make their neighbors concede to them submission87 and reverence88. It was of them that Herkimer spoke, plainly enough, though he gave no names. Mark my words, they will come to grief with that man, if the question be ever put to the test."
I had not seen enough of Englishmen to understand very clearly the differences between them and the Irish, and I said so. The conversation drifted upon race questions and distinctions, as they were presented by the curiously89 mixed population of New York province.
My companion was of the impression that the distinctly British settlements, like those of Massachusetts and Virginia, were far more powerful and promising90 than my own polyglot91 province. No doubt from his point of view this notion was natural, but it nettled92 me. To this day I cannot read or listen to the inflated93 accounts this New England and this Southern State combine to give of their own greatness, of their wonderful patriotism94 and intelligence, and of the tremendous part they played in the Revolution, without smashing my pipe in wrath95. Yet I am old enough now to see that all this is largely the fault of the New Yorkers themselves. We have given our time and attention to the making of money, and have left it to others to make the histories. If they write themselves down large, and us small, it is only what might have been expected. But at the time of which I am telling I was very young, and full of confidence in not only the existing superiority but the future supremacy96 of my race. I could not foresee how we were to be snowed under by the Yankees in our own State, and, what is worse, accept our subjugation97 without a protest--so that to-day the New York schoolboy supposes Fisher Ames, or any other of a dozen Boston talkers, to have been a greater man than Philip Schuyler.
I remember that I greatly vaunted the good qualities of the Dutch that night. I pointed out how they alone had learned the idea of religious toleration toward others in the cruel school of European persecution98; how their faith in liberty and in popular institutions, nobly exemplified at home in the marvellous struggle with Spain, had planted roots of civil and religious freedom in the New World which he could find neither to the east nor to the south of us; and how even the early Plymouth Puritans had imbibed99 all they knew of clemency100 and liberty during their stay in Holland.
I fear that Mr. Cross inwardly smiled more or less at my enthusiasm and extravagance, but his comments were all serious and kindly101. He conceded the justice of much that I said, particularly as to the admirable resolution, tenacity102, and breadth of character the Dutch had displayed always in Europe. But then he went on to declare that the Dutch could not hope to hold their own in strange lands against the extraordinary conquering and colonizing103 power of the more numerous English, who, by sheer force of will and energy, were destined104 in the end to dominate everything they touched. Note how Clive and the English had gradually undermined or overthrown105 French, Portuguese106, and Dutch alike in the Indies, he said; the same thing has happened here, either by bloodshed or barter107. No nation could resist the English in war; no people could maintain themselves in trade or the peaceful arts against the English.
"But you yourself predicted, not an hour ago, that the young gentry108 down the Valley would come to grief in their effort to lord it over the Dutch and Palatines."
"Oh, that indeed," my friend replied. "They are silly sprouts109, grown up weak and spindling under the shadow of Sir William; when he is cut down the sun will shrivel them, no doubt. But the hardier110, healthier plants which finally take their place will be of English stock--not Dutch or German."
I hope devoutly111 that this lengthened112 digression into politics has not proved wearisome. I have touched upon but one of a hundred like conversations which we two had together on our slow journey, and this because I wanted to set forth113 the manner of things we discussed, and the views we severally had. Events proved that we both were partially right. The United States of the Netherlands was the real parent of the United States of America, and the constitution which the Dutch made for the infant State of New York served as the model in breadth and in freedom for our present noble Federal Constitution. In that much my faith was justified114. But it is also true that my State is no longer Dutch, but English, and that the language of my mother has died out from among us.
Before noon next day we reached Fort Stanwix, the forest-girdled block-house commanding the Great Carrying Place. Here we waited one day for the boats to come up, and half of another to get them through the sluices115 into Wood Creek116. Then, as the horses and carts returned, we embarked117 and set our faces toward the Lakes.
点击
收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
twilight
|
|
| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
memoranda
|
|
| n. 备忘录, 便条 名词memorandum的复数形式 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
3
treatise
|
|
| n.专著；(专题)论文 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
astronomical
|
|
| adj.天文学的，（数字）极大的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
afterward
|
|
| adv.后来；以后 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
narrative
|
|
| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
momentous
|
|
| adj.重要的，重大的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
mildew
|
|
| n.发霉；v.（使）发霉 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
jotted
|
|
| v.匆忙记下( jot的过去式和过去分词 )；草草记下，匆匆记下 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
perilous
|
|
| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
gulf
|
|
| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
eldest
|
|
| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
conversed
|
|
| v.交谈，谈话( converse的过去式 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
hospitable
|
|
| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
15
middle-aged
|
|
| adj.中年的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
16
vehement
|
|
| adj.感情强烈的；热烈的；(人)有强烈感情的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
17
ragged
|
|
| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
18
baron
|
|
| n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
19
gilding
|
|
| n.贴金箔，镀金 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
20
westward
|
|
| n.西方，西部；adj.西方的，向西的；adv.向西 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
21
clump
|
|
| n.树丛，草丛；vi.用沉重的脚步行走 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
22
foliage
|
|
| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
23
foaming
|
|
| adj.布满泡沫的；发泡 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
24
cataracts
|
|
| n.大瀑布( cataract的名词复数 )；白内障 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
25
softened
|
|
| （使）变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 )； 缓解打击； 缓和； 安慰 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
26
reined
|
|
| 勒缰绳使（马）停步( rein的过去式和过去分词 )； 驾驭； 严格控制； 加强管理 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
27
contemplate
|
|
| vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
28
Ford
|
|
| n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
29
knoll
|
|
| n.小山，小丘 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
30
pointed
|
|
| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
31
deserted
|
|
| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
32
orchards
|
|
| （通常指围起来的）果园( orchard的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
33
rout
|
|
| n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
34
massacre
|
|
| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
35
trampled
|
|
| 踩( trample的过去式和过去分词 )； 践踏； 无视； 侵犯 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
36
throng
|
|
| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
37
intruded
|
|
| n.侵入的，推进的v.侵入，侵扰，打扰( intrude的过去式和过去分词 )；把…强加于 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
38
cedars
|
|
| 雪松，西洋杉( cedar的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
39
thicket
|
|
| n.灌木丛，树林 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
40
mused
|
|
| v.沉思，冥想( muse的过去式和过去分词 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
41
amiable
|
|
| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
42
delightful
|
|
| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
43
twig
|
|
| n.小树枝，嫩枝；v.理解 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
44
bounty
|
|
| n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
45
condescends
|
|
| 屈尊，俯就( condescend的第三人称单数 )； 故意表示和蔼可亲 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
46
analytical
|
|
| adj.分析的；用分析法的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
47
impersonal
|
|
| adj.无个人感情的，与个人无关的，非人称的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
48
bias
|
|
| n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
49
scrupulously
|
|
| adv.一丝不苟地；小心翼翼地，多顾虑地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
50
virtuous
|
|
| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
51
worthier
|
|
| 应得某事物( worthy的比较级 )； 值得做某事； 可尊敬的； 有（某人或事物）的典型特征 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
52
thoroughly
|
|
| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
53
peevishness
|
|
| 脾气不好；爱发牢骚 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
54
countenance
|
|
| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
55
steadfast
|
|
| adj.固定的，不变的，不动摇的；忠实的；坚贞不移的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
56
civilized
|
|
| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
57
rivulet
|
|
| n.小溪，小河 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
58
partially
|
|
| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
59
unpacked
|
|
| v.从（包裹等）中取出（所装的东西），打开行李取出( unpack的过去式和过去分词 )；拆包；解除…的负担；吐露（心事等） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
60
brook
|
|
| n.小河，溪；v.忍受，容让 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
61
canopied
|
|
| adj. 遮有天篷的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
62
boughs
|
|
| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
63
crouching
|
|
| v.屈膝，蹲伏( crouch的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
64
dreary
|
|
| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
65
hemlock
|
|
| n.毒胡萝卜，铁杉 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
66
twigs
|
|
| 细枝，嫩枝( twig的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
67
vocal
|
|
| adj.直言不讳的；嗓音的；n.[pl.]声乐节目 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
68
ominous
|
|
| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
69
wilderness
|
|
| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
70
remarkable
|
|
| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
71
behold
|
|
| v.看，注视，看到 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
72
imperturbable
|
|
| adj.镇静的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
73
tranquil
|
|
| adj. 安静的, 宁静的, 稳定的, 不变的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
74
marsh
|
|
| n.沼泽，湿地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
75
corpses
|
|
| n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
76
rippling
|
|
| 起涟漪的，潺潺流水般声音的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
77
contentedly
|
|
| adv.心满意足地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
78
lank
|
|
| adj.瘦削的；稀疏的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
79
uncouth
|
|
| adj.无教养的，粗鲁的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
80
cleft
|
|
| n.裂缝；adj.裂开的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
81
skull
|
|
| n.头骨；颅骨 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
82
spoke
|
|
| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
83
interval
|
|
| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
84
tribal
|
|
| adj.部族的，种族的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
85
faculty
|
|
| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
86
aristocrat
|
|
| n.贵族，有贵族气派的人，上层人物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
87
submission
|
|
| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
88
reverence
|
|
| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
89
curiously
|
|
| adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
90
promising
|
|
| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
91
polyglot
|
|
| adj.通晓数种语言的；n.通晓多种语言的人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
92
nettled
|
|
| v.拿荨麻打，拿荨麻刺（nettle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
93
inflated
|
|
| adj.（价格）飞涨的；（通货）膨胀的；言过其实的；充了气的v.使充气（于轮胎、气球等）( inflate的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）膨胀；（使）通货膨胀；物价上涨 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
94
patriotism
|
|
| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
95
wrath
|
|
| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
96
supremacy
|
|
| n.至上；至高权力 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
97
subjugation
|
|
| n.镇压，平息，征服 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
98
persecution
|
|
| n. 迫害,烦扰 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
99
imbibed
|
|
| v.吸收( imbibe的过去式和过去分词 )；喝；吸取；吸气 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
100
clemency
|
|
| n.温和，仁慈，宽厚 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
101
kindly
|
|
| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
102
tenacity
|
|
| n.坚韧 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
103
colonizing
|
|
| v.开拓殖民地，移民于殖民地( colonize的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
104
destined
|
|
| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
105
overthrown
|
|
| adj. 打翻的，推倒的，倾覆的 动词overthrow的过去分词 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
106
Portuguese
|
|
| n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
107
barter
|
|
| n.物物交换，以货易货，实物交易 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
108
gentry
|
|
| n.绅士阶级，上层阶级 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
109
sprouts
|
|
| n.新芽，嫩枝( sprout的名词复数 )v.发芽( sprout的第三人称单数 )；抽芽；出现；（使）涌现出 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
110
hardier
|
|
| 能吃苦耐劳的，坚强的( hardy的比较级 )； （植物等）耐寒的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
111
devoutly
|
|
| adv.虔诚地，虔敬地，衷心地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
112
lengthened
|
|
| （时间或空间）延长，伸长( lengthen的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
113
forth
|
|
| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
114
justified
|
|
| a.正当的，有理的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
115
sluices
|
|
| n.水闸( sluice的名词复数 )；（用水闸控制的）水；有闸人工水道；漂洗处v.冲洗( sluice的第三人称单数 )；（指水）喷涌而出；漂净；给…安装水闸 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
116
creek
|
|
| n.小溪，小河，小湾 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
117
embarked
|
|
| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
| 欢迎访问英文小说网 |