That a child inherits tastes in the matter of food and drink cannot be questioned; but this fact does not forbid the training of a child’s tastes away from its inborn2 tendencies; it merely adds an element to be considered in the training process. A child born in the tropics soon learns to like the luscious3 fruits which are given to him freely; while a child born in the arctic regions learns with the same[Pg 110] rapidity to like the grosser diet of fish and oil which is his chief supply of food. In one region the people live mainly on roots and berries; in another, they devour4 raw flesh or drink fresh blood; in yet another, they eat dried locusts5 or grasshoppers6; in yet another, it is milk or honey which is their chief means of sustaining life. In every region the children are easily trained to enjoy the eating of that which they have to eat; and if a child is taken at an early age from one region to another, he quickly adapts himself to his new conditions, and learns to like that which is given to him as his means of satisfying hunger. All of which goes to show that the natural appetite of a child does not demand one kind of food above another, to that extent which forbids the training of a child to enjoy that which he can have and which he ought to use.
As a rule, very little attention is given to the training of a child’s appetite. The child is supplied with that food which is easiest obtained, and which the child is readiest to take. If the parents give[Pg 111] little thought to their children’s welfare, they simply allow their children to share with them at the common table, without considering whether or not the food is that which is best suited to the children’s needs. If the parents are tender-hearted, and lovingly indulgent toward their children, they are quite likely to show favor by giving to them those things which please a child’s palate, or which are favorites with the parents themselves.
Finding that a child likes sugar, a parent is tempted7 to give a bit of sugar to a child who is not ready to take anything else at its meal-time; even though that bit of sugar may destroy the child’s appetite for the hour, or disturb the child’s stomach for all day. Again, seeing that the child is glad to try any article of food which his parent enjoys, the parent, perhaps, proffers8 from his own plate that which he deems a delicacy9; although it may be of all things the least suited to the child’s state of health, or condition of being. And so it is that the child is trained in wrong ways of eating, at the very time when he most needs training in the right way.
[Pg 112]
A child is quite likely to have his freaks and fancies of appetite, which a kind parent is tempted to indulge instead of checking. One child would eat only the softer part of bread, while rejecting its crust. One would eat meat without vegetables; another would refuse one kind of meat, or of vegetables, while eating all others freely; and so on. The more these peculiarities10 are indulged, the stronger becomes their hold on the child. The more they are checked and restrained, the weaker their power becomes. Yet most parents seem to count such peculiarities as beyond their control, and therefore to be accepted as inevitable11; instead of realizing their personal responsibility for the continuance or the removal of them.
“Your boy ought to eat less meat and more farinaceous food,” says a physician to a mother, whose boy is in the doctor’s hands. “Let him have oatmeal and milk for breakfast; and see to it that he eats meat only once a day, and sparingly at that.” “Johnny is a great hand for meat,” is the answer; “and he can’t take oatmeal.” And in that [Pg 113] answer the mother shows that all the blame in the case rests on herself, and not on her Johnny. Johnny ought to have been trained to eat what is good for him, instead of indulging his personal whims12 in the eating line.
When a mother says, “My boy won’t eat potatoes,” or “He won’t eat tomatoes,” or “He will eat no meat but beef,” she simply confesses to her culpable13 failure of duty in the training of her boy’s appetite. If she were to say that she did not approve of one of those things, or of the other, and therefore she would not give it to him, that would be one thing; but when she says that he will not take it even though she thinks it best for him, that is quite another thing; and there is where the blame comes in.
Of course, it is to be understood that there are articles of food in familiar use which, here and there, a child cannot eat with safety. On the seashore, for example, the clam14, which is eaten freely by most persons, seems to be as poison to certain individuals. It is not that these persons do not[Pg 114] like the clam; but it is that their systems recoil15 from it, and that its eating is sure to bring on a serious illness. A like state of things exists with regard to fresh strawberries in the country. They are a delicious fruit in the estimation of most persons. They are as a mild form of poison to certain individuals. But these cases are abnormal ones. They have no practical bearing on the prevailing16 rule, that a child can be trained to like whatever he ought to eat, and to refrain from the eating of whatever is not best for him. And herein is the principle of wise training in the realm of a child’s appetite.
A prominent American educator put this principle into practice in his own family, consisting of four boys and four girls. He was a man of limited means, and he felt the necessity of training his children to eat such food as he deemed proper for them, and as good as he could afford to supply. His choice of food for his family table was wisely made, to begin with; and then he showed wisdom in his mode of pressing it upon his children.
[Pg 115]
If those children deemed a dish distasteful, they were privileged to wait until they were willing to eat it. There was no undue17 pressure brought to bear on them. They could simply eat it, or let it alone. If they went without it that meal, the same dish, or a similar one, was before them for the next meal; and so on until hunger gave them the zest18 to eat it with unfeigned heartiness19. By this means those children learned to eat what they ought to eat; and when they had come to years of maturity20 they realized the value of this training, which had made them the rulers of their appetite, instead of being its slaves. It needs no single example to illustrate21 the opposite course from this one. On every side we see persons who are subject to the whims and caprices of their appetite, because their appetite was never trained to be subject to them. And in one or another of these two directions the upbringing of every child is tending to-day.
Peculiarly in the use of candy and of condiments22 is a child’s appetite likely to be untrained, or trained amiss. Neither the one nor the other of these[Pg 116] articles is suited to a child’s needs; but both of them are allowed to a child, regardless of what is best for him. The candy is given because the child fancies it. The condiments are given because the parents fancy them. Neither of the two is supposed to be beneficial to the child, but each is given in its turn because of the child’s wish for it, and of the parent’s weakness. There are parents who train their children not to eat candy between meals, nor to use condiments at meals. These parents are wiser than the average; and their children are both healthier and happier. There ought to be more of such parents, and more of such children. The difficulty in the way is always with the parents, instead of with the children.
It is affirmed as a fact, that some Shetland ponies23 which were brought to America had been accustomed to eat fish, and that for a time they refused to eat hay, but finally were trained to its eating until they seemed to enjoy it as heartily24 as other ponies. Children to whom cod-liver oil was most distasteful when it was first given to them as a[Pg 117] medicine, have been trained to like cod-liver oil as well as they liked syrup25. And so it has been in the use of acid drinks, or of bitter coffee, by young children under the direction of a physician. By firm and persistent26 training the children have been brought to like that from which for a time they recoiled27. It is for the parents to decide, with the help of good medical counsel, what their children ought to like, and then to train them to like it.
It is by no means an easy matter for a parent to train a child’s appetite; but it is a very important matter, nevertheless. Nothing that is worth doing in this world is an easy matter; and whatever is really worth doing is worth all that its doing costs—and more. In spite of all its difficulties, the training of any child’s appetite can be compassed, by God’s blessing28. And compassed it ought to be, whatever are its difficulties. It is for the parent to decide what the child shall eat, as it is for the parent to decide what that child shall wear. The parent who holds himself responsible for what a child shall put on, but who shirks his responsibility[Pg 118] for what that child shall take in, would seem to have more regard for the child’s appearance than for his upbuilding from within; and that could hardly be counted a sign of parental29 wisdom or of parental love.
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1
enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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inborn
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| adj.天生的，生来的，先天的 | |
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luscious
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| adj.美味的；芬芳的；肉感的，引与性欲的 | |
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devour
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| v.吞没；贪婪地注视或谛听，贪读；使着迷 | |
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locusts
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| n.蝗虫( locust的名词复数 )；贪吃的人；破坏者；槐树 | |
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grasshoppers
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| n.蚱蜢( grasshopper的名词复数 )；蝗虫；蚂蚱；（孩子）矮小的 | |
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7
tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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proffers
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| v.提供，贡献，提出( proffer的第三人称单数 ) | |
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delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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peculiarities
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| n. 特质, 特性, 怪癖, 古怪 | |
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inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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12
WHIMS
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| 虚妄，禅病 | |
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culpable
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| adj.有罪的，该受谴责的 | |
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clam
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| n.蛤，蛤肉 | |
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15
recoil
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| vi.退却，退缩，畏缩 | |
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16
prevailing
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| adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的 | |
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undue
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| adj.过分的；不适当的；未到期的 | |
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zest
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| n.乐趣；滋味，风味；兴趣 | |
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heartiness
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| 诚实，热心 | |
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maturity
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| n.成熟；完成；(支票、债券等)到期 | |
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illustrate
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| v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图 | |
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condiments
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| n.调味品 | |
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ponies
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| 矮种马，小型马( pony的名词复数 )； ￡25 25 英镑 | |
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heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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syrup
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| n.糖浆，糖水 | |
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26
persistent
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| adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的 | |
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27
recoiled
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| v.畏缩( recoil的过去式和过去分词 )；退缩；报应；返回 | |
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28
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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29
parental
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| adj.父母的；父的；母的 | |
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