Hark, Hark! The giant’s ponderous1 hammer rings on the anvil2 of destiny. Enter, thou massive figure, Bismarck, and in deadly earnest take thy place before Time’s forge.
It is, it must be, a large story—big with destiny! The details often bore with their monotony; they do not at all times march on; they drag, but they do indeed never halt permanently3; ahead always is the great German glory.
Forward march, under Prince Bismarck. He is our grim blacksmith, looming4 through the encircling dark, massive figure before Time’s forge.
The sparks fly, the air rings with the rain of blows: he is in deadly earnest, this half-naked, brawny5 Prussian giant; magnificent in his Olympian mien6; his bellows7 cracking, his shop aglow8 with cheery-colored sparks as the heavy hammer falls on the unshapen ores on the big black anvil.
Thus, toiling9 hour after hour in the heat and sweat, our Pomeranian smith with ponderous hammer beats and batters10 the stubborn German iron into a noble plan—for a great Nation!
From a human point, we do not always see the ultimate glory.
For that is obscured by dark clouds of party strife11, extending over years, the caprices of men and the interplay of ambitions both within and without the distracted German lands. Russia, Austria, Italy, Great Britain, France, Spain, have their spies engaged in all the under-play of political intrigue12;[10] there are a thousand enemies at home and abroad, in camp, court and peasant’s cottage.
And at times, weary of it all, we throw down the book convinced that, in a welter of sordid13 ends, the cause is lost in shame.
But, somehow, some way, Germany does in truth ultimately emerge triumphant15, in spite of her amazing errors and the endless plots of enemies.
She does indeed justify16 her manhood—and thus the Bismarck story is of imperishable glory.
We say that Bismarck had to re-inspire the Germans to be a fighting nation.
What we mean is that the spirit of the ancient Teutons had to be aroused; for though it slumbered17 for centuries, it never died.
Rome found that out when she was still in her infancy18; the Germans burnt the town by the Tiber; and the fearsome struggle between the Romans and the Germanic tribesmen lasted almost unbroken for nearly five centuries.
The Romans regarded the Germans as the bravest people in the world.
The migrations19 of the Cimbri and Teutones, and the frightful20 struggles in which after superhuman endeavors the Roman Marius destroyed his German enemies is one of the heroic pages of all history. It was a hand-to-hand contest, and torrents21 of human blood ran that day. Menzel tells us, (Germany, p. 85), that the place of battle enriched by a deluge22 of blood and ultimately fertilized23 by heaps of the slain24, became in after years the site of vineyards whose wines were eagerly sought by connoisseurs25.
The Cimbri were drawn26 up in a solid square, each side of which measured 7,000 paces. The foremost ranks were fastened together with chains, that the enemy might not readily break through. Even the German dogs that guarded the baggage train fought with animal ferocity. The battle went against the Germans and the slaughter27 was frightful. When all was lost, the Germans killed their women and children, rather than see them fall into the hands of the Romans.[11] German courage inspired terror and created foreboding throughout the Roman world. It is a heroic story and sustains the German tradition that Germans born free under their ancient oaks never will be slaves, though the whole world is against them.
The success varied28, but the Germans conquered, even in death, becoming lineal descendants of the Empire. And on the ruins were builded the German nation, as the successor of the old Holy Roman Empire.
We picture to you these shadowy glimpses of remote battle-scenes to show you that Germans were ever fighting men, who preferred death to loss of liberty.
On the ruins of Roman imperial glory, Teutonic conquerors29 founded an Empire that defied time and chance for upwards30 of 1,000 years; then there crept in a peculiar31 dry rot. The ancient German oak died at the top. Along came Napoleon, hacking32 away the limbs and scarring the gnarled trunk with fire and sword. The ruin seemed complete. Dead at the top, dead at the root, men said. And what men say is true. There is no longer a Germany, except as a mere33 geographical34 designation; when you speak of the German Empire you recall merely the echo of a once mighty35 name.
It now becomes Bismarck’s solemn duty, fortified36 by a noble appreciation37 of the ancient legend, to make the German oak green again in its immortal38 youth. And he watered the roots with blood.
We cannot tell you the great story in a few baby-sentences; you must read and grasp the broad spirit as it gradually unfolds. Bismarck in the crudity39 of his early inspiration scarcely finds himself for years. But all the while he is holding fast to the idea that the Fatherland should under God be free and united, sustained by the ancient Teutonic brotherhood40 in arms.
We present him in part as a tyrant41, a wild, intolerant spirit, working his own plans to be sure, but those plans in the end are to redound42 to the good of the nation he long and unselfishly serves.[12]
We ask you to see him in his weakness and we hope with some of his strength, always with his high purpose.
We ask you to behold43 him as a man with all a strong man’s frailties44 and faults. We do not spare him. We paint him black, now and then, deliberately45, that you may know how very small ofttimes are the very great; also to realize that if we are to wait for perfect human beings to front our reforms then those reforms will never be made.
Bismarck is too great a man to be belittled46 by the glamour47 of spurious praise for spurious virtues48.
It was not necessary for him to cease to be a human being in order to carry out his work. He remained, to the end, grossly human, for which the gods be praised.
2
Grossly human is our Bismarck, whose lust50 for control is idiomatic51; let us get this clearly, first of all.
Did you ever see a bulldog battle with one of his kindThe startling fact is this: The dog suddenly develops magnificent reserve force, making his battling blood leap; is transformed into a catapult, bearing down his adversary53 or by him borne down—it matters not which!—for the joy of battle. To fight is the realization54 of his utmost being.
A peculiar fact known to all admirers of a fighting bulldog is this: The dog during the fight, looks now and then at his master near-by, as much as to say, “See how well I fight!”
Thus Bismarck looked at his King.
The nature of the pit bulldog is seen in Bismarck’s head. His surly face inspires a sense of dread55. There is that in his physiognomy that shows his ugly disposition56, when aroused. If you saw that moody57 face in the crowd, one glance would be sufficient to make you feel how vituperative58, short, sharp, murderous the unknown man could be, on occasion.
Yet the fear stirred by the sight of a pit bulldog is ofttimes largely illusionary. The dog at heart is genial59 in a[13] brute60 way, and never a more loyal servant than the bulldog to his friends—devoted61 even to death, to his master.
It is the sense of dread in the bulldog’s head that strikes home! So with Bismarck’s physiognomy. The Iron Chancellor62 had but to come into the room to make his onlookers63 experience uneasiness. There was an ever-present suggestion of pent-up power, that could in an instant be turned upon men’s lives, to their destruction!
It is true that Bismarck had his genial side, but it cannot be said that he drew and held men to him. He had thousands of admirers to one friend. During the greater part of his life he was either hated or feared—at best, misunderstood. Like the pit bulldog, Bismarck was born to rule other lives—and he fulfilled his mission.
The element of absolutism in the man, his uncompromising severity, his command of the situation regardless of cost, sorrow or suffering to other men, is seen in his realistic physiognomy. We study these facts more and more, as we go along.
There was always something imperious about this great man. He brooked64 no interference. His excessive dignity compelled respect. He never allowed familiarities; you could not safely presume on his good nature. He never permitted you to get too near. This abnormal self-confidence conveyed the idea that this giant in physique and in intellectual power was truly cut out for greatness.
One of his favorite pranks65, as a boy, was to amuse himself making faces at his sister; he could frighten her by his queer grimaces66.
From early youth, he was accustomed to take himself very seriously, and by his offensive manners conveyed an immediate67 impression of the ironical68 indifference70 in which he held humanity, in the mass.
He was a born aristocrat71, in a sense of high, offensive partisanship72.
Men shrank from him, cursed him, reviled73 his name; but they respected his intellect, even in the early days when he[14] used his power in an undisciplined way; yes, was painfully learning the business of mastering human lives.
The brute in the man loomed74 large; the unreasoning but magnificent audacity75 of the bulldog expressed itself in scars, wounds, deep-drinking bouts76, fisticuffs, and in twenty-eight duels77.
But he had another kind of courage, greater in import than that expressed by physical combat.
When we say Bismarck’s work is a revelation of his will to power, we emphasize again how unnecessary it is to make him either less or more than a human being. There is a school of writers that never mentions his name except with upturned eyes, as though he were a demigod. The tendency of human nature is to idealize such as Bismarck out of all semblance78 to the original, creating wax figures where once were men of flesh and blood.
Men rise to power largely in uniform ways; that psychic79 foundation on which they draw is always grossly human, rather dull when you understand it, always conventional;—and the great Bismarck himself is no exception.
In doing his work, Bismarck is following the psychic necessities of his character; is acting80 in a very personal way, upheld always by the soldier’s virtue49, ambition. There is also a large element of self-love. His idiomatic lust for control is to be accepted as a root-fact of his peculiar type of being. And while on the whole his ambition is exercised for the good of his country, herein he is acting, in addition, under the ardent81 appetite, in his case a passion, to dominate millions of lives; urged not perhaps so much from a preconceived desire to dominate as from an inherent call to exercise his innate82 capacity for leadership.
Making allowance for the idea that Bismarck is a devoted servant of the King of Prussia, it is not necessary to believe that Bismarck poses as the Savior of his country. In fact, he distinctly disavows this sacrifice, has too much sense to regard himself from this absurd point of view.
The words carved on Bismarck’s tomb at his own request,[15] “A Faithful German Servant of Emperor William I,” show that however much other men were unable to comprehend the baffling Bismarckian character, the Iron Chancellor himself had no vain illusions.
When he was 83 and about to die, the old man taking a final sweep of his long and turbulent life, asked himself solemnly: “How will I be known in time to come?”
Fame replied: “You have been a great Prince; an invincible83 maker84 of Empire, you have held in your hand the globe of this earth; call yourself what you will, and I will write a sermon in brass85 on your tomb.”
But the Iron Chancellor, after mature reflection, decided86 that his entire career, with all its high lights and its deep shadows, could be expressed in four simple words, “A Faithful German Servant.” He knew exactly what he was, and how he would ultimately be represented in history.
Think what this means. On those supreme87 questions of Life and Time involving the interpretation88 of Destiny—a problem hopelessly obscure to the average man—Bismarck brought a massive mind charged with a peculiar clairvoyance89; often, his fore-knowledge seemed well-nigh uncanny in its exact realism; and if you doubt this assertion, all we ask is that you withhold90 your verdict till you have read Bismarck’s story, herein set forth91 in intimate detail.
How clear the old man’s vision to discern behind all his Bismarckian pomp and majesty92, in camp, court and combat, only the r?le of faithful servant.
The phrase on his tomb proclaims the man’s great mind. His overbrooding silence, as it were, is more eloquent93 than sermons in brass.
In studying Bismarck, the man, we merge14 his identity in the events of his time; but we must sharply differentiate95 between the events and the man. We incline to the belief that hereditary96 tendencies explain him more than does environment. It is Bismarck as a human being, and not the tremendous panorama97 of incidents leading to German sovereignty that always holds our interest. Life is life, and is intensely interesting, for its own sake.[16]
Thus, we are at once freed from a common fallacy of biographical writing—that vicious mental attitude, as vain as it is egotistical on part of the over-partial historian, who would warp98 some manifest destiny on human life.
Bismarck needs no historical explanation, no reference to hackneyed categories in the card-index of Time. Whether his plan was dedicated99 to this world or to the glory of some invisible God, you may debate as you will, but Bismarck will be neither greater nor less because of flights of your imagination.
He is a great man in the sense that he did large things, but this does not make him other than he is, nor does his story lose because we know him to be grossly human in his aims. His life does not borrow anything because a certain type of mind professes100 to see behind Bismarck’s history, as indeed behind the careers of all great men, some mysterious purpose apart and beyond human nature’s daily needs. It was not necessary for Bismarck to cease to be a human being, to accomplish what he accomplished101.
Also, for the reason that Bismarck was a genius, he is an exception to conventional rules covering the limitations of little men.
Bismarck was a born revolutionist. Look at his terrible jaw102, which, like the jaws103 of the bulldog, when once shut down never lets go till that object is in shreds104.
He was a true bulldog in this that, like the thoroughbred bulldog, Bismarck favored one feed a day. He took a light breakfast, no second breakfast, but at night would eat one enormous meal.
The bulldog follows a similar practice, when eating never looks from the plate, and the water fairly runs from his eyes, with animal satisfaction.
Bismarck compelled men to do his bidding—as the wind drives the clouds and asks not when or why. It is enough to know that that is the wind’s way!
He knew the coward, the thief, the soldier, the priest, the citizen, the king, and the peasant.[17]
He knew how to betray an enemy with a Judas kiss; how to smite105 him when he was down; how to dig pitfalls106 for his feet; how to ply94 him with champagne107 and learn his secrets; how to permit him to win money at cards, and then get him to sign papers; how to remember old obligations or to forget new favors; how to read a document in more than one way; how to turn historical parallels upside down; how to urge today what he refused to entertain a year ago; how to put the best face on a losing situation; and how to shuffle108, cut and stack the cards, or at times how to play in the open.
He was not a humanitarian109 with conceptions of world peace or world benevolences. He was for himself and his own ends, which were tied to his political conception of a new Germany.
And all the time he was helped out by his extraordinary vital powers, his ability to work all night like a horse week after week; go to bed at dawn and sleep till afternoon; then drive a staff of secretaries frantic110 with his insistent111 demands.
Likewise, he was helped out by his remarkable112 personality. Actor that he was, he sometimes gained his point by his frankness, knowing that when he told the exact truth he would not be believed.
Also, he could bluff113 and swagger, or he could speak in the polite accents of the distinguished114 gentleman; he could gulp115 a quart of champagne without taking the silver tankard from his lips; in younger years he used to eat from four to eleven eggs at a meal, besides vegetables, cakes, beer, game and three or four kinds of meats; his favorite drink was a mixture of champagne and porter.
He was a chain-smoker, lighted one cigar with another, often smoked ten or twelve hours at a stretch. His huge pipes, in the drawing room; his beer, in the salons116 of Berlin; his irritability117, his bilious118 streaks119, his flashes of temper; his superstition120 about the number 13; his strange mixing of God with all his despotic conduct; his fondness for mastiffs; his attacks of jaundice; his volcanic121 outbursts; his belief in ghosts, in the influence of the moon to make the hair grow;[18] his mystical something about seven and combinations of seven; his incessant122 repetition of the formula that he was obeying his God—were but human weaknesses that showed he had a side like an everyday common man.
On top of it all he was great, because he knew how to manage men either with or without their consent; but he always studied to place himself in a strategic position from which he could insist on his demand for his pound of flesh.
Sometimes, it took years before he could lull123 to sleep, buy, bribe124 or win over the men he needed; again when the game was short and sharp, he kicked some men out of his path contemptuously, others he parleyed with, still others he thundered against and defied; but always at the right time, won his own way.
Yes, even Bismarck’s card-playing is subordinated to the shrewd ends of diplomacy125. Dr. Busch, the press-agent of Bismarck during the Franco-Prussian war, tells us that Bismarck once made this frank confession126:
“In the summer of 1865 when I concluded the Convention of Gastein with Blome (the Austrian), I went in for quinze so madly that the rest could not help wondering at me. But I knew what I was about. Blome had heard that this game gave the best possible opportunity for discovering a man’s real nature, and wanted to try it on with me. So I thought to myself, here’s for you then, and away went a few hundred thalers, which I really might have charged as spent in His Majesty’s service. But at least I thus put Blome off the scent128, so he thought me a reckless fellow and gave way.”
3
Despite vast areas of political bogs129, quaking under foot, that one must traverse, our Otto is not inaccessible130!
For many years they hate him like hell-fire itself, this Otto von Bismarck. The Prussians hate him, the Austrians, the Bavarians, to say nothing of the intervening rabble131; but our tyrant is strong enough, in the end, to win foreign wars,[19] and then the haters veer132 about, almost in a night, come up on bended knees and kiss the hand that smites—that hand of Bismarck, at once the best-beloved and the most-hated hand of his time. What more pray do you ask of human nature?
Now here is a strange reality: If you look at the general outlines of the German map in 1815, you will see that the frontiers trace in a startling way the scowling133 outlines of Frederick the Great, “Old Fritz,” who first dreamed this German unity127 idea.
But mighty Frederick is in the royal tomb these many years; and a new Frederick in spirit is rapidly learning the business of king-maker and empire-builder.
Behind the name Bismarck is a story extraordinary, compounded of the intrigues134, blood and passions of Austria, Russia, Italy, France, Belgium, Bavaria, Spain, and England.
Volumes would not suffice to give you the bewildering details; mountains of diplomatic letters, orders, telegrams, truths, half-truths, shuffling135, cutting and stacking; you go confusedly from palace to people, prince to pauper136, university to prison pen—all the way from Waterloo to Versailles, where William I received at last his great glory, German Emperor.
Bismarck’s story is best told in flashes of lightning—as you try to picture a bolt from the black skies.
By the patience of the methodical historian who laboriously137 examines each document in the National archives, one fills soon enough a ten-volume account—with a swamp of cross-references, footnotes to each paragraph, and with notes to the footnotes.
Yet this Bismarck is not inaccessible if we get at his inner side, grasp the man’s essence.
Strong arm and tireless brain Time asked;—a man who could neither be bent138, broken nor brow-beaten; a man who would for 40 years follow a plan by no means clear; often had to go out in the dark and find his way, all old landmarks139 lost, and no pole-star in sight.
I dwell on one outstanding fact, all down through his[20] career: I mean Bismarck’s power to conceal140 pain. Hurricanes of insulting criticisms swept around his head, year after year, but on the whole Otto’s attitude was that of the mountain that defies the storm. He would never give in that, as it seemed to onlookers, a shaft141 of disagreeable truth had struck home; that a soft-nosed bullet, well aimed, had torn his flesh or broken a bone; or that a dagger-thrust, going directly through his coat of the White Cuirassier had pierced his heart.
Even in his bitter defeats, he had a peculiar idiomatic way of making out that the result was exactly what he desired. It was of course only an adroit142 explanation to protect his pride; the brazen143 invention of a nature that would not acknowledge itself in error. Here is Bismarck, to the core.
For a long and turbulent life-time Bismarck’s soul was tried by the very tortures of the damned!
4
Wherein it is set forth that Otto von Bismarck’s massive political genius, combined with his personal foibles, mark him as a heroic figure, side by side with Frederick the Great.
In attempting to depict144 a consistent Bismarck, we find that his life has been as much misinterpreted through the carping need of envious145 political critics as through the bad art of historically well-disposed friends.
The perplexing problem is to blend his massive mental grasp, side by side with his strange fits of irritability, his turbulence146, his deep-drinking, his gluttony, his wild pranks.
About him at all times, whether expressed or concealed147, there floated an ironic69 derision of the littleness of the average man, whom at heart Bismarck despised.
While the eyes of detractors are everywhere, the voice of hero-worship has likewise conspired148 to make an impossible idol149 of a man with very human and ofttimes crying frailties; the biographic truth is to be found somewhere between these two extremes; but even with this clear clue in mind, it is[21] often difficult to reconcile amazing personal and diplomatic inconsistencies with which his career abounds150.
Then, too, there is something that strikes like the irony151 of Socrates, only bitter instead of light; and Bismarck reveals now and then a touch remindful of that Rabelaisian hero whose enormous capacity could only be quenched152 by draining the river dry. To tell Bismarck’s inner life-story, in a large way, one must often deal with a series of pictures akin52 to the gods and devils in Dore’s delineations for Dante’s “Inferno.”
It often seems as though every important act of this great man’s life was charged with the significance of Destiny, stands forth vividly153 against a background of intrigue, superstition, personal follies154, the smoke and flame of battle—a heroic figure side by side with such master-spirits as Frederick the Great.
Like Frederick the Severe, this Bismarck is very human indeed, and has his crying weaknesses, and his enemies, God knows, tried for forty years to get rid of him by intrigue, often by assassination155; yet until his great duty is done he must hold firmly to his place, must do the work which brings him no peace, or rest, only trouble year after year.
Throughout the amazing story, no matter which way we travel, we always return to a profound sense of this giant’s will and his massive knowledge of human life, expressed in his ability to force the shrewdest men in Europe to do his bidding.
His sense of power is so supreme that sometimes it really seems that, as Bismarck himself often sets forth, his authority fell from heaven.
Here, there is a direct harking back to the ancient days in the Alt Mark, to the Circle of Stendal with its little town of Bismarck, on the Biese, where stands the ancient masonry156 dating from 1203, and known as the “Bismarck Louse.”
The strange legend of the Bismarck Louse tells worlds of the ancient Bismarck power, in those far-off times, helps us in the year 1915 to grasp certain obscure phases of the Bismarck racial strength, inherited by Otto von Bismarck.[22]
This medieval Bismarck Tower received its name from a gigantic louse which inhabited this place, and had to be fed and appeased157; therefore, every day the superstitious158 peasants of the district brought huge quantities of meat and drink, for the monster’s food. It is needless to add that these visits were encouraged by the Bismarck lord of the soil, in Alt Mark;—and here you see already the cunning in managing human nature so characteristic of the Bismarck genius.
The purely159 social application of this gossip may, however, be eyed with suspicion, as a French canard160. It was so easy for “Figaro” to libel the Bismarck of 1871, whereupon the whole French press followed and barked at the Iron Chancellor’s heels.
He was caricatured, spit at, reviled, depicted161 as the beast-man in Europe.
For one thing, Bismarck knew France was the richest nation in Europe, also that she had ambition for the left bank of the Rhine; and to General Sheridan, who chanced to be at Sedan and Gravelotte on official business, Bismarck said, “The only way to keep France from waging war in the near future is to empty her pockets.”
French newspaper editors lashed162 themselves into insanity163 trying to invent new names for the man who had brought the downfall of the Empire, at Sedan; the man who at Versailles was arranging the hardest terms of peace ever conceived by a diplomatic Shylock, bent on having his pound of flesh.
Paris journalists called him “the incarnation of the evil spirit,” “the Antichrist,” “the shrewd barbarian164,” “crime-stained ogre, who was always thrashing his wife with a dog-whip,” “he kept a harem, from which no Berlin shopkeeper’s daughter was safe;” “once he became enamored of a nun165 and hired ruffians to kidnap her and bear her away to his castle;” “he is the father of many illegitimate children, in Berlin some say as many as fifty;” “he once lashed one of his Russian mistresses over the bare shoulders because he suspected her of looking at another admirer;” “he uses his confidential166 diplomatic knowledge to add to his huge private fortune by gambling167 on every Bourse in Europe.[23]”
How magnificent—if it were indeed only true! What a relief that would be over the tame details of average human life, and what a boon168 to biographers this grand wickedness! Alas169, the tales are only important as specimens170 of French drawing room gossip of 1871!
The fables171 never bothered Bismarck a moment. When he was ready, he repaid them in his own splendid coin; and certainly he was past-master of the gentle art of putting a razor-edge on an insult!
Bismarck had his vituperative side. Egged on by his wife and his son, Bismarck became at times verbally ferocious172. His wife, a descendant of those terrible Frankish women-warriors, stemming from barbarian times, could under stress exercise a barbarian’s stark173 freedom of speech; and when Bismarck, furious at some insult, was replying with a political cannonade, she would infuriate him to still greater exertions174 by suggesting:
“Bismarck, hiss175 a little! Hiss a little!”
And after seven hundred years, the Bismarck psychology176 behind the old Tower’s superstitious appeal remains177 substantially the same. We shall see at times as we sketch178 for you the life portrait of Otto von Bismarck a mysterious atavism; the self-same mental astuteness179 that stood his ancestors in such good stead, enabling them to frighten the peasants into providing the corn.
Yes, blood will tell—and the Bismarck blood is rare juice!
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ponderous
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| adj.沉重的，笨重的，(文章)冗长的 | |
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anvil
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permanently
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looming
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| n.上现蜃景（光通过低层大气发生异常折射形成的一种海市蜃楼）v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的现在分词 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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brawny
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mien
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bellows
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| n.风箱；发出吼叫声，咆哮（尤指因痛苦）( bellow的名词复数 )；（愤怒地）说出（某事），大叫v.发出吼叫声，咆哮（尤指因痛苦）( bellow的第三人称单数 )；（愤怒地）说出（某事），大叫 | |
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aglow
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toiling
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batters
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strife
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intrigue
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sordid
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merge
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triumphant
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justify
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17
slumbered
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| 微睡，睡眠（slumber的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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18
infancy
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| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
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19
migrations
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| n.迁移，移居( migration的名词复数 ) | |
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20
frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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21
torrents
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| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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22
deluge
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| n./vt.洪水，暴雨，使泛滥 | |
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23
Fertilized
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| v.施肥( fertilize的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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24
slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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25
connoisseurs
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| n.鉴赏家，鉴定家，行家( connoisseur的名词复数 ) | |
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26
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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27
slaughter
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| n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀 | |
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28
varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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29
conquerors
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| 征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 ) | |
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30
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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31
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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32
hacking
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| n.非法访问计算机系统和数据库的活动 | |
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33
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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34
geographical
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| adj.地理的；地区(性)的 | |
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35
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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36
fortified
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| adj. 加强的 | |
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37
appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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38
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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39
crudity
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| n.粗糙，生硬；adj.粗略的 | |
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40
brotherhood
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| n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊 | |
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41
tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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42
redound
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| v.有助于；提；报应 | |
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43
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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44
frailties
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| n.脆弱( frailty的名词复数 )；虚弱；（性格或行为上的）弱点；缺点 | |
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45
deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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46
belittled
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| 使显得微小，轻视，贬低( belittle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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47
glamour
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| n.魔力，魅力；vt.迷住 | |
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48
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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49
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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50
lust
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| n.性(淫)欲；渴(欲)望；vi.对…有强烈的欲望 | |
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51
idiomatic
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| adj.成语的，符合语言习惯的 | |
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52
akin
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| adj.同族的，类似的 | |
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53
adversary
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| adj.敌手，对手 | |
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54
realization
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| n.实现；认识到，深刻了解 | |
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55
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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56
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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57
moody
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| adj.心情不稳的，易怒的，喜怒无常的 | |
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58
vituperative
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| adj.谩骂的；斥责的 | |
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59
genial
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| adj.亲切的，和蔼的，愉快的，脾气好的 | |
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60
brute
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| n.野兽，兽性 | |
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61
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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62
chancellor
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| n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长 | |
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63
onlookers
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| n.旁观者，观看者( onlooker的名词复数 ) | |
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64
brooked
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| 容忍，忍受（brook的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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65
pranks
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| n.玩笑，恶作剧( prank的名词复数 ) | |
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66
grimaces
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| n.（表蔑视、厌恶等）面部扭曲，鬼脸( grimace的名词复数 )v.扮鬼相，做鬼脸( grimace的第三人称单数 ) | |
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67
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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68
ironical
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| adj.讽刺的，冷嘲的 | |
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69
ironic
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| adj.讽刺的，有讽刺意味的，出乎意料的 | |
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70
indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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71
aristocrat
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| n.贵族，有贵族气派的人，上层人物 | |
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72
Partisanship
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| n. 党派性, 党派偏见 | |
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73
reviled
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| v.辱骂，痛斥( revile的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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74
loomed
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| v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的过去式和过去分词 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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75
audacity
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| n.大胆，卤莽，无礼 | |
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76
bouts
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| n.拳击（或摔跤）比赛( bout的名词复数 )；一段（工作）；（尤指坏事的）一通；（疾病的）发作 | |
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77
duels
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| n.两男子的决斗( duel的名词复数 )；竞争，斗争 | |
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78
semblance
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| n.外貌，外表 | |
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79
psychic
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| n.对超自然力敏感的人；adj.有超自然力的 | |
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80
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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81
ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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82
innate
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| adj.天生的，固有的，天赋的 | |
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83
invincible
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| adj.不可征服的，难以制服的 | |
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84
maker
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| n.制造者，制造商 | |
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85
brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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86
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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87
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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88
interpretation
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| n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理 | |
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89
clairvoyance
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| n.超人的洞察力 | |
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90
withhold
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| v.拒绝，不给；使停止，阻挡 | |
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91
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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92
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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93
eloquent
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| adj.雄辩的，口才流利的；明白显示出的 | |
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94
ply
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| v.(搬运工等)等候顾客，弯曲 | |
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95
differentiate
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| vi.(between)区分；vt.区别；使不同 | |
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96
hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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97
panorama
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| n.全景，全景画，全景摄影，全景照片[装置] | |
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98
warp
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| vt.弄歪，使翘曲，使不正常，歪曲，使有偏见 | |
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99
dedicated
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| adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的 | |
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100
professes
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| 声称( profess的第三人称单数 )； 宣称； 公开表明； 信奉 | |
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101
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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102
jaw
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| n.颚，颌，说教，流言蜚语；v.喋喋不休，教训 | |
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103
jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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104
shreds
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| v.撕碎，切碎( shred的第三人称单数 )；用撕毁机撕毁（文件） | |
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105
smite
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| v.重击；彻底击败；n.打；尝试；一点儿 | |
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106
pitfalls
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| （捕猎野兽用的）陷阱( pitfall的名词复数 )； 意想不到的困难，易犯的错误 | |
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107
champagne
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| n.香槟酒；微黄色 | |
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108
shuffle
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| n.拖著脚走，洗纸牌；v.拖曳，慢吞吞地走 | |
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109
humanitarian
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| n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者 | |
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110
frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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111
insistent
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| adj.迫切的，坚持的 | |
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112
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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113
bluff
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| v.虚张声势，用假象骗人；n.虚张声势，欺骗 | |
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114
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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115
gulp
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| vt.吞咽，大口地吸（气）；vi.哽住；n.吞咽 | |
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116
salons
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| n.（营业性质的）店( salon的名词复数 )；厅；沙龙（旧时在上流社会女主人家的例行聚会或聚会场所）；（大宅中的）客厅 | |
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117
irritability
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| n.易怒 | |
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118
bilious
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| adj.胆汁过多的；易怒的 | |
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119
streaks
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| n.（与周围有所不同的）条纹( streak的名词复数 )；（通常指不好的）特征（倾向）；（不断经历成功或失败的）一段时期v.快速移动( streak的第三人称单数 )；使布满条纹 | |
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120
superstition
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| n.迷信，迷信行为 | |
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121
volcanic
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| adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的 | |
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122
incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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123
lull
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| v.使安静，使入睡，缓和，哄骗；n.暂停，间歇 | |
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124
bribe
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| n.贿赂；v.向…行贿，买通 | |
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125
diplomacy
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| n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕 | |
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126
confession
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| n.自白，供认，承认 | |
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127
unity
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| n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调 | |
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128
scent
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| n.气味，香味，香水，线索，嗅觉；v.嗅，发觉 | |
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129
bogs
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| n.沼泽，泥塘( bog的名词复数 )；厕所v.（使）陷入泥沼， （使）陷入困境( bog的第三人称单数 )；妨碍，阻碍 | |
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130
inaccessible
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| adj.达不到的，难接近的 | |
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131
rabble
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| n.乌合之众，暴民；下等人 | |
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132
veer
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| vt.转向，顺时针转，改变；n.转向 | |
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133
scowling
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| 怒视，生气地皱眉( scowl的现在分词 ) | |
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134
intrigues
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| n.密谋策划( intrigue的名词复数 )；神秘气氛；引人入胜的复杂情节v.搞阴谋诡计( intrigue的第三人称单数 )；激起…的好奇心 | |
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135
shuffling
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| adj. 慢慢移动的, 滑移的 动词shuffle的现在分词形式 | |
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136
pauper
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| n.贫民，被救济者，穷人 | |
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137
laboriously
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| adv.艰苦地；费力地；辛勤地；（文体等）佶屈聱牙地 | |
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138
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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139
landmarks
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| n.陆标( landmark的名词复数 )；目标；（标志重要阶段的）里程碑 ~ (in sth)；有历史意义的建筑物（或遗址） | |
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140
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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141
shaft
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| n.(工具的)柄，杆状物 | |
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142
adroit
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| adj.熟练的，灵巧的 | |
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143
brazen
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| adj.厚脸皮的，无耻的，坚硬的 | |
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depict
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| vt.描画，描绘；描写，描述 | |
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envious
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| adj.嫉妒的，羡慕的 | |
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turbulence
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| n.喧嚣，狂暴，骚乱，湍流 | |
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concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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148
conspired
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| 密谋( conspire的过去式和过去分词 )； 搞阴谋； （事件等）巧合； 共同导致 | |
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149
idol
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| n.偶像，红人，宠儿 | |
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150
abounds
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| v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的第三人称单数 ) | |
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irony
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| n.反语，冷嘲；具有讽刺意味的事，嘲弄 | |
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152
quenched
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| 解（渴）( quench的过去式和过去分词 )； 终止（某事物）； （用水）扑灭（火焰等）； 将（热物体）放入水中急速冷却 | |
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153
vividly
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| adv.清楚地，鲜明地，生动地 | |
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154
follies
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| 罪恶，时事讽刺剧； 愚蠢，蠢笨，愚蠢的行为、思想或做法( folly的名词复数 ) | |
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155
assassination
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| n.暗杀；暗杀事件 | |
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156
masonry
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| n.砖土建筑；砖石 | |
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157
appeased
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| 安抚，抚慰( appease的过去式和过去分词 )； 绥靖（满足另一国的要求以避免战争） | |
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158
superstitious
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| adj.迷信的 | |
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159
purely
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| adv.纯粹地，完全地 | |
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160
canard
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| n.虚报；谣言；v.流传 | |
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161
depicted
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| 描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述 | |
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162
lashed
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| adj.具睫毛的v.鞭打( lash的过去式和过去分词 )；煽动；紧系；怒斥 | |
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163
insanity
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| n.疯狂，精神错乱；极端的愚蠢，荒唐 | |
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164
barbarian
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| n.野蛮人；adj.野蛮(人)的；未开化的 | |
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nun
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| n.修女，尼姑 | |
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166
confidential
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| adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的 | |
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167
gambling
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| n.赌博；投机 | |
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168
boon
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| n.恩赐，恩物，恩惠 | |
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169
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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170
specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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171
fables
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| n.寓言( fable的名词复数 )；神话，传说 | |
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ferocious
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| adj.凶猛的，残暴的，极度的，十分强烈的 | |
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173
stark
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| adj.荒凉的；严酷的；完全的；adv.完全地 | |
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174
exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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175
hiss
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| v.发出嘶嘶声；发嘘声表示不满 | |
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176
psychology
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| n.心理，心理学，心理状态 | |
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177
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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178
sketch
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| n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述 | |
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179
astuteness
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| n.敏锐；精明；机敏 | |
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