He was born at Willoughby, in the county of Lincolnshire, England, in the year 1579, and was descended4 from an ancient family. He displayed a love of enterprise in his early childhood, and he says that at thirteen years old he was "set upon brave adventures."[Pg 130] This disposition5 led him to dispose of his books, his satchel6, and what other little property he had, for the purpose of raising money to take him to sea; but losing his parents about this time, he received from them a considerable fortune. He was now induced to change his plans, and became apprenticed7 to an eminent8 merchant in London.
As might be expected, the drudgery9 and confinement10 of a compting house were very distasteful to one who was bent11 upon adventure; accordingly, with but ten shillings in his pocket, he became a follower12 of the son of Lord Willoughby, who was going to France. When he arrived there, he went into the service of Captain Joseph Duxbury, with whom he remained four years in Holland. How he was occupied during this period is uncertain. About this time, a Scotch13 gentleman kindly14 gave him some money, and letters to Scotland, assuring him of the favor of King James.
Smith now set sail, and arrived in Scotland after many disasters by sea, and great sickness of body. He delivered his letters, and was treated with kindness and hospitality; but his stay was short. Returning to his native town, and disappointed in not having found food for his wild love of adventure, he went into a forest, built himself a sort of hut, and studied military history and tactics. Here he lived for a time, being provided by his servant with the comforts of civilization, at the same time that he pleased his imagination with the idea of being a hermit15. Accident throwing him into the society of an Italian gentleman, in military service, his ardor16 for[Pg 131] active life was revived, and he set out again upon his travels, intending to fight against the Turks.
Being robbed of all his baggage and property in the Low Countries by some dastardly Frenchmen, he fortunately met with great kindness and generosity17 from several noble families. Prompted, however, by the same restless spirit with which he commenced life, he left those who were strongly interested in his welfare, and set out upon a journey, with a light purse and a good sword. In the course of his travels, he was soon in such a state of suffering from hunger and exposure, that he threw himself down in a wood, and there expected to die. But relief again appeared; a rich farmer chanced to come that way, who, upon hearing his story, supplied his purse, thus giving him the means of prosecuting18 his journey. There is scarcely an instance on record of a stranger receiving such kindness from his fellow-men, as did this same Smith.
He now went from port to port in search of a ship of war. During his rambles19, he met, near a town in Brittany, with one of the villains20 who had robbed him. Smith immediately fought and vanquished21 him, making him confess his villany before a crowd of spectators. He then went to the seat of the Earl of Ployer, who gave him money, with which he embarked22 from Marseilles for Italy, in a ship in which there was a number of Catholic pilgrims of various nations. A furious storm arising, these devotees took it into their heads that Heaven, in anger at the presence of a heretic, thus manifested its displeasure. They, therefore, set upon our hero, who, in spite of a[Pg 132] valorous defence, was, like a second Jonah, thrown into the sea; but whether the angry elements were appeased24 by the offering, history saith not.
Being near the island of Saint Mary's, Smith easily swam thither25, and was the next day taken on board a French ship, the commander of which, fortunately for Smith, was a friend of the Earl of Ployer, and treated him with great kindness. They then sailed to Alexandria, in Egypt. In the course of their voyage in the Levant, they met with a rich Venetian merchant ship, which, taking the French ship for a pirate, fired a broadside into her. This rough salutation, of course, brought on an engagement, in which the Venetians were defeated, and her cargo27 taken on board the victorious28 ship. Smith here met with something congenial to his wild and reckless spirit; and showing great valor23 on the occasion, he was rewarded with a large share of the booty. With this, he was enabled to travel in Italy, gratifying his curiosity by the interesting objects with which that country is filled. He at length set off for Gratz, the residence of Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, and afterwards emperor of Germany.
The war was now raging between Rodolph, emperor of Germany, and Mahomet III., Grand Seignor of Turkey. Smith, by the aid of two of his countrymen, became introduced to some officers of distinction in the imperial army, who were very glad to obtain so valiant29 a soldier as Smith was likely to prove. This was in the year 1601. The Turkish army, under the command of Ibrahim Pasha, had besieged30 and taken a fortress31 in Hungary, and were ravaging[Pg 133] the country. They were also laying siege to Olympach, which they had reduced to extremity32.
Baron33 Kissel, who annoyed the besiegers from without, was desirous of sending a message to the commander of the garrison34. Here was now an opportunity for Smith's talents and prowess to come into play. He entered upon his duty, and by means of telegraphs, he communicated the desired intelligence to the besieged fortress; and then, exercising his ingenuity35, he arranged some thousands of matches on strings36, so that when they were fired, the report deceived the Turks into the idea that a body of men were there. They consequently marched out to attack them. Smith's forces, with those of the garrison, which had been duly apprized of the scheme, fell upon them, and routed them. The Turks were now obliged to abandon the siege. This brilliant and successful exploit placed our hero at the head of a troop of two hundred and fifty horse, in the regiment37 of Count Meldritch.
The next adventure in which Smith's ingenuity was called into exercise was at the siege of Alba Regalis, in Hungary. He here contrived38 a sort of bomb, by which the Turks were greatly annoyed and their city set on fire; a bold military man?uvre being adopted at the critical moment, the place was taken, the Turks suffering great loss. A number of sieges and undecisive skirmishes now followed, which brought upon the Christians40 the jeers41 and scoffs42 of the Turks. One of their number, Lord Turbashaw, a man of military renown43, sent a challenge to any captain of the Christian39 army to fight with him in[Pg 134] single combat. The choice fell upon Smith, who ardently44 desired to meet the haughty45 Mussulman.
The day was appointed, the ground selected and lined with warlike soldiers and fair ladies. Lord Turbashaw entered the lists in splendid gilt46 armor, with wings on his shoulders, of eagle's feathers, garnished47 with gold and jewels. A janizary bore his lance, and two soldiers walked by the side of his horse. Smith was attended only by a page, bearing his lance. He courteously48 saluted49 his antagonist50, and, at the sound of the trumpet51, their horses set forward. They met with a deadly shock. Smith's lance pierced the visor of the Turk, and he fell dead from his horse. The day after, another challenge was sent to Smith; another encounter took place; and he was again victorious. Still another challenge met with the same result, and Smith was rewarded for his prowess in a signal manner, being made major of his regiment, and receiving all sorts of military honors. The Prince of Transylvania gave him a pension of three hundred ducats a year, and bestowed52 upon him a patent of nobility.
These events occurred about the year 1600. Various military movements followed in Moldavia, Smith taking an active part in whatever of enterprise and daring was going forward. In one instance, he narrowly escaped with his life.
In a mountainous pass, he was decoyed into an ambuscade, and though the christians fought desperately54, they were nearly all cut to pieces. Smith was wounded and taken, but his life was spared by the cupidity55 of the conquerors56, who expected a large sum[Pg 135] for his ransom57. He was sold as a slave and sent to Constantinople. He was afterwards removed to Tartary, where he suffered abuse, cruelty, and hardships of every description. At last he seized a favorable opportunity, rose against his master, slew58 him, clothed himself in his dress, mounted his horse, and was again at liberty.
Roaming about in a vast desert for many days, chance at length directed him to the main road, which led from Tartary to Russia, and in sixteen days he arrived at a garrison, where the governor and his lady took off his irons and treated him with great care and kindness. Thence he travelled into Transylvania, where he arrived in 1603. Here he met many of his old companions in arms, who overwhelmed him with honors and attentions. They had thought him dead, and rejoiced over him as one risen from the grave.
Still unsatisfied with perils60 and honors, hearing that a civil war had broken out in Barbary, he sailed to Africa, but, not finding the cause worthy61 of his sword, he returned to England in 1604, where a new field of adventure opened before him. Attention had been awakened62 in England upon the subject of colonizing63 America, by the representation of Captain Gosnold, who, in 1602, had made a voyage to the coast of New England. He gave delightful64 accounts of the fertility of the country and salubrity of the climate, and was anxious to colonize65 it. Of course, this plan was embraced with ardor by Smith, being a project just suited to his roving disposition, and his love for "hair breadth 'scapes."
[Pg 136]James I., who was now king, being inclined to the plan, an expedition was fitted out in 1606, of one hundred and five colonists66, in three small vessels67. Among the foremost of the adventurers were Gosnold and Smith, who seemed to be drawn68 together by a kind of instinct. After a voyage of four months, in which dissensions and mutiny caused much trouble and uneasiness, and which resulted in Smith's imprisonment69 during the voyage, the colonists arrived at Chesapeake Bay in April, 1607. The landscape, covered with the new grass of spring, and varied70 with hills and valleys, seemed like enchantment71 to the worn-out voyagers. With joy they left their ships, and passed many days in choosing a spot for a resting-place and a home.
Here new troubles assailed72 them. The Indians in the vicinity looked upon their encroachments with jealous eyes, and attacked them with their arrows, but the colonists quickly dispersed73 them with muskets74. Others, however, more peaceable, treated our adventurers with kindness. A settlement was now made upon a peninsula on James's river, to which they gave the name of Jamestown.
Of course, in a settlement like this, there must be suffering, and consequently, discontent. Much of this was manifested towards Smith, who, by his energy and perseverance75, excited the envy of those associated with him in the management of the infant colony. At the same time, he became the object of dread76 to the Indians, by his bravery and resources. Many of the colonists died of hunger and disease; many were dispirited; and at last, in despair, they[Pg 137] turned to our adventurer as their only hope in this hour of need. Like all generous spirits, he forgot his injuries, and set himself to work to remedy the evils that beset77 them. By his ingenuity and daring, he obtained from the Indians liberal supplies of corn, venison, and wild fowl78, and, under the influence of good cheer, the colonists became, comparatively, happy.
But a new and unforeseen calamity79 awaited our hero. Having penetrated80 into the country, with but few followers81, he was beset by a large party of Indians, and, after a brave resistance, was taken prisoner. But the spirit and presence of mind of this remarkable man did not forsake82 him in this alarming crisis. He did not ask for life, for this would, probably, have hastened his death; but requesting that he might see the Indian chief, he at the same time drew from his pocket a compass, and directed attention to it, partly by signs and partly by words which he had learned. The curious instrument amused and surprised his savage83 captors, and averted84, for a time, the fate that awaited him.
They soon, however, tied him to a tree, and prepared to shoot him with their arrows. Changing their plans suddenly, they led him in a procession to a village, where they confined him and fed him so abundantly, that Smith thought they were probably fattening85 him for food. After a variety of savage ceremonies, the Indians took him to Werowcomoco—the residence of Powhatan, a celebrated86 chief, of a noble and majestic87 figure, and a countenance88 bespeaking89 the severity and haughtiness90 of one whose nod is law.
[Pg 138]Powhatan was seated on a throne, with one of his daughters on each side of him. Many Indians were standing91 in the hut, their skins covered with paint, and ornamented92 with feathers and beads93. As Smith was brought bound into the room, there was a loud shout of triumph, which warned him that his last hour had arrived. They gave him water to wash, and food to eat, and then, holding a consultation94, they determined95 to kill him. Two large stones were brought in and placed before the unbending chief. Smith was dragged forward, his head placed upon the stones, and the fatal club raised for the cruel deed.
But what stays the savage arm? A child of twelve or thirteen, Pocahontas by name, the chief's favorite child, melted by the pity that seldom moves the heart of her race, ran to our hero, clasped his head in her arms, laid herself down with him on the block, determined to share his fate. Surely, of the numberless acts of kindness and benevolence96 which had been showered at different times upon Smith, this transcended97 them all! Startled by the act, and perhaps sympathizing with the feelings of his child, Powhatan raised Smith from the earth, and in two days, sent him with twelve Indian guides to Jamestown, from which place he had been absent seven weeks.
Smith found the colony disheartened by his absence, and in want of provisions. These he procured98 from the Indians, bartering100 blue beads for corn and turkeys. A fire broke out about this time, and burned up many of the houses of the colony; this damage, however, Smith set about repairing—his patience and energy surmounting101 every evil.
[Pg 139]In June, 1608, our adventurer, tired of his mode of life, set out, with fourteen others, to explore Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac river. They encountered many tribes of Indians, but Smith's boldness always averted their assaults; and his frank and open demeanor102 generally turned his enemies into friends. The party returned to Jamestown in July, when Smith was made the president of the colony.
He now made several expeditions, frequently meeting with adventures, and falling in with numerous tribes of Indians. He and his party had many skirmishes, and suffered considerably103 from the assaults of the savages104; but Smith's sagacity and ingenuity rendered them comparatively harmless. He explored the whole of Chesapeake Bay, sailing nearly 3000 miles, in the space of three months.
About this time, an expedition arrived from the mother country, under Capt. Newport, whose object was to make discoveries, and as they were to pass through Powhatan's territories, it was thought best to secure his favor by various presents. Accordingly, a bed and hangings, a chair of state, a suit of scarlet105 clothes, a crown, and other articles, were presented to him with great ceremony. At his coronation, having been with difficulty persuaded by the English to kneel, the moment the crown touched his head, a volley was fired from the boats, which caused the newly-made monarch106 to start up with affright. By way of return for these honors, Powhatan generously presented Captain Newport with his old shoes and mantle107!
Notwithstanding Smith's exertions109 in behalf of the[Pg 140] colony, the council in England were constantly dissatisfied with him. But he did not allow anything to abate110 his zeal111 for the welfare of the colony under his command; even though they were harassed112 by the Indians, and suffering from sickness and privation, he still kept up his courage and energy. He entreated113 the managers in England to send them out mechanics and husbandmen, instead of the idle young gentlemen who had come with Newport, and took every step in his power to promote the prosperity of the settlement.
The colony being now in great want of supplies, Smith made many exertions to procure99 them, but the Indians refused to part with any more provisions. A great war of words ensued between Smith and Powhatan, which ended in hostilities114, Smith endeavoring to take the latter prisoner. The Indians, in their turn, made preparations to attack the English by night. Of this, they were warned by Pocahontas, who continued her kind interpositions in favor of Smith.
Our hero had now experienced, it would seem, enough of adventure and peril59 to satisfy his desires. He often narrowly escaped with his life, for the Indians held him in dread, as one to whose prowess they were always obliged to yield, and whose address was always an overmatch for their own. If they suspected him of any hostile intentions towards them, they propitiated115 him by loads of provisions. To give some idea of this—Smith returned from one of his expeditions with two hundred pounds of deer's flesh, and four hundred and seventy-nine bushels of corn. But at length, growing weary of exertion108, and of the[Pg 141] animadversion of the English company, with trouble abroad, and mutiny and sickness at home, he returned to England in 1609.
From this period to 1614, little or nothing is known of him. At this date, we again find him, true to his nature, sailing with two ships to Maine, for the purpose of capturing whales and searching for gold. Failing in these expectations, Smith left his men fishing for cod116, while he surveyed the coast, from Penobscot to Cape53 Cod, trafficking with the Indians for furs. He then returned to England, and gave his map to the king, Charles I., and requested him to change some of the barbarous names which had been given to the places discovered. Smith gave the country the name of New England. Cape Cod, the name given by Gosnold, on account of the number of cod-fish found there, was altered by King Charles to Cape James, but the old title has always been retained. With the modesty117 ever manifested by Smith, he gave his own name only to a small cluster of islands, which, by some strange caprice, are now called the Isles118 of Shoals.
In January, 1615, Captain Smith set sail for New England, with two ships, from Plymouth in England, but was driven back by a storm. He embarked again in June, but met with all kinds of disasters, and was at last captured by a French squadron, and obliged to remain all summer in the admiral's ship. When this ship went to battle with English vessels, Smith was sent below; but when they fell in with Spanish ships, they obliged him to fight with them. They at length carried him to Rochelle, where they put him on board[Pg 142] a ship in the harbor. This was but a miserable119 existence to our hero, and he sought various opportunities of escape.
At length, a violent storm arising, all hands went below, to avoid the pelting120 rain, and Smith pushed off in a boat, with a half pike for an oar26, hoping to reach the shore. But a strong current carried him out to sea, where he passed twelve hours in imminent121 danger, being constantly covered with the spray. At last, he was thrown upon a piece of marshy122 land, where some fowlers found him, nearly drowned. He was relieved and kindly treated at Rochelle, and soon returned to England.
While these adventures were happening to Smith, Pocahontas became attached to an English gentleman, of the name of Rolfe, having previously123 separated herself from her father. This would seem an unnatural124 step, were it not for the fact that she had a more tender and mild nature than that of her nation, and could not endure to see the cruelties practised against the English, in whom she felt so strong an interest. She was married in 1613, and by means of this event a lasting125 peace was established with Powhatan and his tribe.
In 1616, Pocahontas visited England with her husband. She had learned to speak English well, and was instructed in the doctrines126 of Christianity. As soon as Smith heard of her arrival, he went immediately to see her, and he describes her in this interview as "turning about and obscuring her face," no doubt, overcome by old recollections. She afterwards, however, held a long conversation with Smith. This interesting creature was not destined127 to return to her[Pg 143] own land, for, being taken sick at Gravesend, in 1617, she died, being only twenty-two years old.
Much has been written concerning this friend of the whites, and all agree in ascribing to her character almost every quality that may command respect and esteem128. She combined the utmost gentleness and sweetness, with great decision of mind and nobleness of heart. Captain Smith has immortalized her by his eloquent129 description of her kindness to him and his people. From her child are descended some honorable families now living in Virginia.
Captain Smith intended to sail for New England in 1617, but his plans failed, and he remained in England, using constant exertions to persuade his countrymen to settle in America. In 1622, the Indians made a dreadful massacre130 at Jamestown, destroying three hundred and forty-seven of the English settlers. This news affected131 Smith very much, and he immediately made proposals to go over to New England, with forces sufficient to keep the Indians in check. But the people of England made so many objections to the plan, that it was given up by our hero, though with great regret. From this period, his story is little known, and we are only told that he died in 1631. His life is remarkable for the variety of wild adventures in which he was engaged; his character is marked as well by courage and daring, as by the somewhat opposite qualities of boldness and perseverance. He seems also to have possessed132 many noble and generous qualities of heart. He had, indeed, the elements of greatness, and had he been called to a wider field of action, he might have left a nobler fame among the annals of mankind.
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awaken
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| vi.醒，觉醒；vt.唤醒，使觉醒，唤起，激起 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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satchel
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| n.(皮或帆布的)书包 | |
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apprenticed
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| 学徒，徒弟( apprentice的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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drudgery
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| n.苦工，重活，单调乏味的工作 | |
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confinement
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| n.幽禁，拘留，监禁；分娩；限制，局限 | |
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bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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follower
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| n.跟随者；随员；门徒；信徒 | |
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scotch
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| n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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hermit
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| n.隐士，修道者；隐居 | |
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ardor
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| n.热情，狂热 | |
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generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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prosecuting
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| 检举、告发某人( prosecute的现在分词 )； 对某人提起公诉； 继续从事（某事物）； 担任控方律师 | |
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rambles
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| （无目的地）漫游( ramble的第三人称单数 )； （喻）漫谈； 扯淡； 长篇大论 | |
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villains
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| n.恶棍( villain的名词复数 )；罪犯；（小说、戏剧等中的）反面人物；淘气鬼 | |
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vanquished
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| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制 | |
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embarked
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| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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valor
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| n.勇气，英勇 | |
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appeased
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| 安抚，抚慰( appease的过去式和过去分词 )； 绥靖（满足另一国的要求以避免战争） | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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oar
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| n.桨，橹，划手；v.划行 | |
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cargo
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| n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物 | |
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victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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valiant
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| adj.勇敢的，英勇的；n.勇士，勇敢的人 | |
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besieged
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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baron
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| n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王 | |
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garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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ingenuity
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| n.别出心裁；善于发明创造 | |
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strings
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| n.弦 | |
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regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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contrived
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| adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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jeers
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| n.操纵帆桁下部（使其上下的）索具；嘲讽( jeer的名词复数 )v.嘲笑( jeer的第三人称单数 ) | |
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scoffs
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| 嘲笑，嘲弄( scoff的第三人称单数 ) | |
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renown
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| n.声誉，名望 | |
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ardently
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| adv.热心地，热烈地 | |
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haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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gilt
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| adj.镀金的；n.金边证券 | |
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47
garnished
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| v.给（上餐桌的食物）加装饰( garnish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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48
courteously
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| adv.有礼貌地，亲切地 | |
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49
saluted
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| v.欢迎，致敬( salute的过去式和过去分词 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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50
antagonist
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| n.敌人，对抗者，对手 | |
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51
trumpet
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| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
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52
bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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53
cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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54
desperately
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| adv.极度渴望地，绝望地，孤注一掷地 | |
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55
cupidity
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| n.贪心，贪财 | |
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56
conquerors
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| 征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 ) | |
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57
ransom
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| n.赎金，赎身；v.赎回，解救 | |
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58
slew
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| v.（使）旋转；n.大量，许多 | |
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59
peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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60
perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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61
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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62
awakened
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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63
colonizing
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| v.开拓殖民地，移民于殖民地( colonize的现在分词 ) | |
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64
delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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65
colonize
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| v.建立殖民地，拓殖；定居，居于 | |
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66
colonists
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| n.殖民地开拓者，移民，殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 ) | |
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67
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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68
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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69
imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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70
varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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71
enchantment
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| n.迷惑，妖术，魅力 | |
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72
assailed
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| v.攻击( assail的过去式和过去分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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73
dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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74
muskets
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| n.火枪，（尤指）滑膛枪( musket的名词复数 ) | |
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75
perseverance
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| n.坚持不懈，不屈不挠 | |
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76
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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77
beset
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| v.镶嵌；困扰，包围 | |
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78
fowl
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| n.家禽，鸡，禽肉 | |
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79
calamity
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| n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件 | |
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80
penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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81
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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82
forsake
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| vt.遗弃，抛弃；舍弃，放弃 | |
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83
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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84
averted
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| 防止，避免( avert的过去式和过去分词 )； 转移 | |
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85
fattening
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| adj.（食物）要使人发胖的v.喂肥( fatten的现在分词 )；养肥（牲畜）；使（钱）增多；使（公司）升值 | |
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86
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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87
majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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88
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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89
bespeaking
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| v.预定( bespeak的现在分词 )；订（货）；证明；预先请求 | |
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90
haughtiness
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| n.傲慢；傲气 | |
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91
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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ornamented
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| adj.花式字体的v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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93
beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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94
consultation
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| n.咨询；商量；商议；会议 | |
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95
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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96
benevolence
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| n.慈悲，捐助 | |
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97
transcended
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| 超出或超越（经验、信念、描写能力等）的范围( transcend的过去式和过去分词 )； 优于或胜过… | |
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98
procured
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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99
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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100
bartering
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| v.作物物交换，以货换货( barter的现在分词 ) | |
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101
surmounting
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| 战胜( surmount的现在分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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102
demeanor
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| n.行为；风度 | |
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103
considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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104
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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105
scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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106
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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107
mantle
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| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
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108
exertion
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| n.尽力，努力 | |
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109
exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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110
abate
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| vi.(风势，疼痛等)减弱，减轻，减退 | |
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111
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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112
harassed
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| adj. 疲倦的，厌烦的 动词harass的过去式和过去分词 | |
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113
entreated
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| 恳求，乞求( entreat的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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114
hostilities
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| n.战争；敌意(hostility的复数)；敌对状态；战事 | |
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115
propitiated
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| v.劝解，抚慰，使息怒( propitiate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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116
cod
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| n.鳕鱼；v.愚弄；哄骗 | |
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117
modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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118
isles
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| 岛( isle的名词复数 ) | |
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119
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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120
pelting
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| 微不足道的，无价值的，盛怒的 | |
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121
imminent
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| adj.即将发生的，临近的，逼近的 | |
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122
marshy
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| adj.沼泽的 | |
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123
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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124
unnatural
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| adj.不自然的；反常的 | |
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125
lasting
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| adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持 | |
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126
doctrines
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| n.教条( doctrine的名词复数 )；教义；学说；（政府政策的）正式声明 | |
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127
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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128
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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129
eloquent
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| adj.雄辩的，口才流利的；明白显示出的 | |
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130
massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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131
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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132
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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