On Sunday morning, May 8th, the whole brigade moved early and commenced skirmishing near Todd’s Tavern6, but the enemy seemed to be shifting, and not quite willing to make a stand anywhere until about 10 o’clock, when we came up with them in force and strongly posted in a heavy body of timber.
278Here all the men with long-range guns were dismounted and ordered into the woods, Lieut. Thos. W. White, of Company C, commanding the sharpshooters of the battalion, and pretty soon the firing showed that a sharp fight was going on in the Wilderness7.
In a few minutes the mounted men were ordered forward to charge, but the enemy retired8 beyond the head waters and swamp of the Nye river.
As the battalion moved forward they met some of the sharpshooters bearing to the rear all that was left of their accomplished9 commander, Lieut. White, who had been shot dead by a rifleman hid in the woods, as he was arranging that part of the line immediately under his supervision10. He was a native of Loudoun county, and as Lieut. Colonel of the militia11 at the breaking out of the war, had done all that lay in his power to aid Virginia in defending her border against the Northman’s ire, but at the time of the evacuation of Manassas and all the lines of defense12 held in connection with it by the Southern Army, he and Mr. A. M. Vandevanter were engaged in the work of trying to raise a company of volunteer cavalry, and not being posted as to the sudden fall back, was unfortunately left in the hostile lines of Geary before he knew it; but when Capt. Grubb commenced to recruit for his company, Lieut. Col. White was the first to join him, and at the organization was appointed Orderly Sergeant13, discharging his duties 279faithfully until the death of Capt. Grubb and consequent promotion15 of the other officers caused his election to the office of Second Lieutenant16.
Lieut. White and the Colonel were not on entirely17 friendly terms, for the reason that when the latter was raising his company, the Lieutenant caused some opposition18, by objecting to the men enlisted19 by the Colonel being excused from duty as militia until the company was organized and in actual service.
This caused a coolness which was not fully14 dissipated until, in the tremendous battle of Brandy Station, Lieut. White displayed such conspicuous20 gallantry that he completely gained the Colonel’s confidence and good will, and was ever after considered by his commander one of the best officers in the battalion, as he fully deserved to be.
One little incident connected with this, his last day of life on earth, would seem to indicate that he felt a presentiment21 of his fate, for while riding down to his death, he and Capt. Myers were discussing an order of the General’s to the effect that the battalion should be armed with long-range guns, and both agreed that they very much objected, for the reason that they disliked fighting on foot, but the Lieutenant remarked that if he should ever be dismounted and sent into that Wilderness country there to fight, that he would certainly be killed, for it would so excite him that he would not understand how to act; and when 280the order was given for the men to dismount, and he was designated to lead them, he said to the Captain as he passed to the front, in allusion22 to their conversation, "Good-bye, Frank; I am going, and don’t expect to see you any more;" and there we saw for the last time the gay, high-spirited and popular Lieut. Tom White.
From this time until the 21st, the battalion was occupied, with the brigade, in picketing23 and skirmishing, varied25 with occasional scouts26, in one of which the Colonel took a part of his command by the left flank to the rear of Grant’s army, visiting three large field hospitals, in which lay thousands of wounded men whose discharges from the service had been issued from the muzzles27 of Confederate rifles, and on this trip the boys broke up nearly 2,000 stand of arms. All this while the infantry28 were passing through that tremendous ordeal29 of fire which has made the Spottsylvania Wilderness famous for all time in the bloody30 history which marks the progress of the world from the days of old down to the present, and if ever hard, stubborn fighting deserved success, the army of Lee in those May days of 1864 earned it, for every day the same awful roar of battle rolled along the lines, and every night came the same encouraging reports of the enemy repulsed31 with heavy slaughter32, until it was a given up point that soon Grant would stop his “hammering,” for the good reason that the hammer was shivered to atoms on the 281solid anvil33 of Southern endurance and grit34, but the national butcher kept throwing his doomed35 legions upon the invincible36 veterans of Gen. Lee, and supplying, from the teeming37 millions of Yankeeland and Germany, the places of the slaughtered38 men in blue, and day after day the hateful gridiron of the Yankee nation floated along the Rappahannock, telling that the war was not over yet.
On the 15th of May, Gen. Rosser marched to Enan Church, near the plank39 road, where he fought hard for an hour, to find if the enemy had infantry in that neighborhood, which proved to be the case.
Some of the boys said he only took the brigade down to hold the usual Sunday morning service, as the General had recently joined the Episcopal Church, but others remarked that he made a mistake in the prayer book, as Colt’s was not generally used in that Church. The night before had been spent by Company A on picket24 in the Wilderness, and as the author witnessed the performance, it will not be amiss to describe it, showing as it does one part of the soldier’s duty, and the manner in which it was performed in that God-forsaken country which is fit for nothing but a battle-field, and the worst one imaginable for that. The Company reached the picket line on the Cataupin road about dark, and the night set in rainy, and black as Erebus 282by the time the posts were established. There it was necessary to picket all around, and having at length got everything arranged, the reserve lay down on pieces of cracker40 boxes, an immense number of which were scattered41 around, for headquarters was established at what had been a field hospital for the 5th and 6th of May.
Nobody was permitted to unsaddle, of course, and without blankets the night was unpleasant enough, but pretty soon firing was heard towards the river, and by the time the pickets42 came in the company was mounted and ready for action, but no enemy appeared, and soon the line was re-established, only to be broken again in a few minutes, and the same ceremony of preparation for fight gone through with, which ended as before, without it.
This was done several times, and finally two men who never yet experienced the sensation of fear, were placed at the same post, which appeared to be the very centre of the Wilderness. These two men were John W. White and John Chadwell, and pretty soon firing was heard at their post, when all the pickets came in except the two who were supposed to have done the shooting, and after waiting in line of battle for some time, Capt. Myers ordered the Corporal, to whose relief they belonged, to ride out and see what was the matter, but that gentleman flatly refused to go, declaring his belief that the Yankees had killed the 283pickets and were waiting now to shoot whoever went to look for the missing men. After a little hesitation43, the Captain concluded to go himself, and riding cautiously along the crooked44 woods-path soon came up to the two men, who halted him promptly45 and showed that they were up to their duty, and here the Captain found that these two men had captured a squad46 of the enemy’s sharp-shooters, armed with the long-barreled Sharpe’s rifle, and who had been causing all the disturbance47 during the night by creeping through the thick undergrowth, in the dark and rain, trying to get away from the rebel lines they said, but continually coming in contact with skirmishers, and having to lay quiet, until they were heard by White and Chadwell, who fired on them and then charged, when they surrendered.
The Captain asked his men why they didn’t come in and report the cause of it, to which White replied, that "there were some more Yankees out there in the woods, and as soon as they caught them, “Chad” was going to take the whole squad in together."
The Captain went back and told the company to “go to sleep, for White and Chadwell were on picket,” and taking his gum-cloth he spread it down, by feeling, at what he considered a good place for a nap, having a little mound48 for a pillow; and notwithstanding the offensive smell, went to sleep until day-break, when, rousing up, 284he was rather non-plussed at the discovery that his pillow was a pile of amputated legs and arms, and in arms-reach of him lay the swollen49, blackened corpse50 of a Yankee Sergeant, whose thigh52 had been shivered by a shell.
When White and Chadwell came in, they reported total captures, in their two hours on duty, to be fourteen, and were going back to capture a squad quartered for the night in a log-cabin about a mile away, of which some of their prisoners had informed them, and taking with them two or three of the men at the reserve, they did go and capture several more.
On the 19th of May, Gen. Ewell, with part of his corps51 and Rosser’s brigade, made a flank movement, about 4 o’clock in the evening of that rainy day, around the left wing of Grant’s line, and had a very severe fight of about half an hour, in which the battalion only engaged as supports to Chew’s artillery, and after Ewell had withdrawn53, having learned the important fact that Grant was flanking, which was the object of his expedition, the brigade followed slowly and by dark was at its old camp near Shady Grove54. The boys used to say that no matter what direction Gen. Rosser moved, during those fighting days in the Wilderness, White’s battalion would surely bring up at Shady Grove, and it was true, too, for more than two weeks.
Part of the time, during this warm campaign, 285“the people” suffered for rations55, but were generally better fed than they anticipated, and as a general thing, men under constant and high excitement require less food than at other times; in fact I have frequently seen the soldiers, while listening to details of a battle, apparently56 forget to eat, although they had fasted for a day; but rations was the first thought which flashed through the minds of White’s battalion when the news reached them, about the 10th of May, that Sheridan’s cavalry had cut the Virginia Central Rail Road, at Beaverdam Station, and destroyed fifty thousand pounds of bacon. They had no idea of being whipped in the field, for all thought that no army commanded by “Uncle Bobby” could he whipped by fighting, but if starvation came upon them they knew the war must end, and when Gen. Stuart hastily gathered what force he had convenient, to go after the raiders, he had the prayers of every praying man in the Army of Northern Virginia, and the earnest wishes of all the rest, for his success.
About this time the enemy made a heavy movement on the left flank, and General Hampton, with the few cavalry left him by Stuart, had to do his best, and on the evening of the 18th ordered the battalion to support Thompson’s battery which, as usual, got into a very hot place. The Cobb Legion was in front along the edge of the pines, dismounted, and the artillery on a hill something 286like a hundred yards in their rear, while fifty yards to the rear of the guns stood White’s people, and when the swarm57 of Yankee infantry made their appearance the legion retired to their horses without firing a shot, but Thompson opened with grape and canister and for a short time checked the advance, but by this time the musket58 balls were cutting the wheels of his gun-carriages, and Rosser ordered him to retire, at the same time calling to Colonel White to move everything but one squadron and to leave that with instructions to follow the battery and save it.
The Colonel called out to Captain Myers, “hold your squadron there and when the Yankees come on the hill, charge them,” and moved the rest of the command to the woods on the left. The enemy’s artillery, from the other side of Po river, was now firing rapidly at Thompson, and nearly every shell passed over or through the squadron, while the infantry fire was making the situation very hot, and when at length the battery did move it was found that the tongue of one of the caissons was broken, but Mec Souder, a Loudoun county man and Sergeant of the battery, cut a sapling and as rapidly as possible improvised59 a pole which enabled him to save the caisson.
The 1st squadron then moved off, but none too soon, for as they passed the woods about a hundred yards to the left, the Yankees swarmed60 upon the hill, cutting General Hampton off from his 287command, and capturing one man of the battalion. This was looked upon by the men as decidedly the narrowest escape they had ever made, for certainly if they had remained three minutes longer not a man could have escaped, as fully ten thousand infantry would have been within less than fifty yards and the squadron would have stood exactly in the centre of their line.
These were the men who captured General Edward Johnson, of Ewell’s Corps, with most of his division that same day, and they were then moving up to make their attack on the Confederate works. The cavalry halted a short distance to the left and waited for the Yankee troopers to appear, but they were all with Sheridan near Richmond.
The battalion had become so much reduced in numbers by the casualties of war that it was now formed in two squadrons, the first composed of Companies A and C, under Captains Myers and Dowdell and Lieut. Sam. Grubb, and the second, of Companies B, E and F, with Capt. French and Lieutenants61 Strickler, Chiswell and James for officers.
The second squadron was sent on picket to the left of the army, where it remained for some days, and on its return to the command about the 20th, the first was ordered out for a tour of duty of the same kind between Todd’s Tavern and the Court House; but about 2 o’clock on the morning of the 21st received an order to join the battalion, then 288bringing up the rear of the army, which was moving by Spottsylvania Court-house towards the North Anna river. The march was rather an exciting one, leading as it did over the broad battle-fields of the Wilderness, where many hundreds of dead men still lay unburied, and the squadron was obliged to pass directly over them, when, as the hoofs62 of the horses would strike the corpses63, the flesh would strip from the bones, leaving them glistening64 in the phosphorescent light that played around them, and the weird65, ghostly influence of the scene affected66 the men, in the silence and gloom of that early morning, more than the presence of any number of live Yankees could have done; but the night wore away—very slowly indeed, it seemed—and by an hour after sunrise the battalion united a few miles below the Court-house, when it slowly marched along the Richmond road, still acting67 as rear guard for the army. A small party of the men under Lieutenant Samuel Grubb came directly by the Court-house, barely escaping capture by the force of the enemy which occupied the village, as rear guard for Grant’s army, and after passing that point they captured about a hundred stragglers, whom the Lieutenant and his squad formed in line, and after breaking their guns and “going through them” for watches and greenbacks, paroled the whole party and sent them on their way rejoicing; with a net result of about a dozen brass68 watches that wouldn’t keep 289time; a hundred pocket-books containing in all, probably five hundred photographs, and two dollars in five cent notes, besides a few sutler tickets.
The battalion crossed the North Anna about sun-set and having no horse-feed, rode until 11 o’clock hunting for a grass field, which they at last found near Hanover Junction69. For several days the old Fork Church took the place of Shady Grove, to the “Comanches,” and although they might be operating along the river—on the Rail Road; or skirmishing on the Telegraph road—yet every day found them in bivouac during some part of it at the church which had stood for more than a century; its bricks having been brought from England during colonial days, and all its surroundings associated with the memory of the boyhood of Henry Clay; indeed the home of the great statesman’s mother was scarce half a mile from the church, in the slashes70 of Hanover, where, as a boy, he cultivated corn and tobacco.
During all these days the rations were scanty71, and hard in both senses of the word, but what the commissary department furnished was all that the troops could get, for the country was so impoverished72, and the people so naturally shiftless, that they did not live better than the soldiers, and plentiful73 as were the negroes, none of them made enough to live on without stealing the corn and potatoes of the few white people who did try 290their best to make a sufficient quantity of provisions to subsist74 their families.
On the 28th of May the battalion marched with the division in the direction of Mechanicsville, and on arriving near Hawes’ Shop, came in contact with a division of the enemy’s cavalry. Here Chew’s artillery took position on an open field about two hundred yards in front of a heavy pine forest, while the battalion, as usual, formed squadrons in the rear, to support the battery.
Just as this arrangement was completed, Gen. Hampton passed along, and saluting75 Col. White, exclaimed, "Good morning, Colonel, we’ve got the Yankees where we want them now;" but in about fifteen minutes the battalion concluded that the boot was on the other foot, for the Yankees certainly had them where they didn’t want to be. The storm of shot and shell that howled madly over and around them was terrific, and very soon two splendid men, Lieut. Strickler, Co. E, and Jack76 Howard, Co. A, were wounded, the Lieutenant in the knee, and Howard in the face with the big end of an exploded shell, which came bounding along the field. Several horses were also struck, among them that ridden by Capt. Dowdell, and which had been the property of Lieut. Tom White, was killed. Here the “new issue,” a brigade of new recruits from South Carolina and Georgia, which was commanded by the veteran 291Gen. Butler, of South Carolina, was put, for the first time, under fire, and although their horses were stampeded and their queer bundles of clothes scattered through the pines in every direction, yet the men, fighting on foot with their long guns, stood bravely up to their work and whipped the enemy’s cavalry fairly, but when the 6th Corps of Yankee infantry came against them Gen. Hampton was compelled to withdraw them from the position they had held.
The battle had lasted two hours, and when the Confederates withdrew before the heavy lines of infantry the enemy did not follow, clearly showing that they had no taste for Hampton’s mode of handling cavalry.
Up to this time the Cavalry Corps had not learned the style of their new commander, but now they discovered a vast difference between the old and the new, for while General Stuart would attempt his work with whatever force he had at hand, and often seemed to try to accomplish a given result with the smallest possible number of men, Gen. Hampton always endeavored to carry every available man to his point of operation, and the larger his force the better he liked it.
The advantage of this style of generalship was soon apparent, for while under Stuart stampedes were frequent, with Hampton they were unknown, and the men of his corps soon had the same unwavering confidence in him that the “Stonewall Brigade” entertained for their General.
292This was the last battle for the month, and the battalion now went on picket until the 1st of June, engaged in frequent skirmishes with the enemy’s line of vedettes, but no casualties occurred except the occasional wounding of a horse, which always caused the loss of one man for duty, for no sooner was a horse disabled than his rider applied77 for and received a detail to go and supply himself with another, and besides the wounded men, the number on horse-detail, as it was called, so reduced the fighting men that the whole battalion now scarcely numbered more than Co. A did at the beginning of the campaign, and officers were scarce in proportion, but on the 1st of June Lieut. Marlow, Co. A, who had been absent since February, reported for duty.
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1
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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2
battalion
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| n.营；部队；大队(的人) | |
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3
demonstration
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| n.表明，示范，论证，示威 | |
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4
cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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5
artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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6
tavern
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| n.小旅馆，客栈；小酒店 | |
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wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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9
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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10
supervision
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| n.监督，管理 | |
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militia
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| n.民兵，民兵组织 | |
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defense
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| n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩 | |
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13
sergeant
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| n.警官，中士 | |
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14
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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15
promotion
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| n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传 | |
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lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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18
opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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enlisted
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| adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持） | |
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conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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presentiment
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| n.预感，预觉 | |
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allusion
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| n.暗示，间接提示 | |
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picketing
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| [经] 罢工工人劝阻工人上班，工人纠察线 | |
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picket
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| n.纠察队；警戒哨；v.设置纠察线；布置警卫 | |
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varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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scouts
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| 侦察员[机，舰]( scout的名词复数 )； 童子军； 搜索； 童子军成员 | |
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27
muzzles
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| 枪口( muzzle的名词复数 )； （防止动物咬人的）口套； （四足动物的）鼻口部； （狗）等凸出的鼻子和口 | |
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28
infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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ordeal
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| n.苦难经历，（尤指对品格、耐力的）严峻考验 | |
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bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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repulsed
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| v.击退( repulse的过去式和过去分词 )；驳斥；拒绝 | |
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slaughter
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| n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀 | |
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anvil
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| n.铁钻 | |
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grit
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| n.沙粒，决心，勇气；v.下定决心，咬紧牙关 | |
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doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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invincible
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| adj.不可征服的，难以制服的 | |
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teeming
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| adj.丰富的v.充满( teem的现在分词 )；到处都是；（指水、雨等）暴降；倾注 | |
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slaughtered
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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plank
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| n.板条，木板，政策要点，政纲条目 | |
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cracker
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| n.（无甜味的）薄脆饼干 | |
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41
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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42
pickets
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| 罢工纠察员( picket的名词复数 ) | |
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hesitation
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| n.犹豫，踌躇 | |
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44
crooked
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| adj.弯曲的；不诚实的，狡猾的，不正当的 | |
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45
promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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46
squad
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| n.班，小队，小团体；vt.把…编成班或小组 | |
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47
disturbance
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| n.动乱，骚动；打扰，干扰；(身心)失调 | |
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48
mound
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| n.土墩，堤，小山；v.筑堤，用土堆防卫 | |
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swollen
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| adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀 | |
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50
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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51
corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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52
thigh
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| n.大腿；股骨 | |
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53
withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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54
grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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55
rations
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| 定量( ration的名词复数 )； 配给量； 正常量； 合理的量 | |
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56
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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swarm
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| n.(昆虫)等一大群；vi.成群飞舞；蜂拥而入 | |
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musket
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| n.滑膛枪 | |
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improvised
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| a.即席而作的,即兴的 | |
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swarmed
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| 密集( swarm的过去式和过去分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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lieutenants
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| n.陆军中尉( lieutenant的名词复数 )；副职官员；空军；仅低于…官阶的官员 | |
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hoofs
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| n.（兽的）蹄，马蹄( hoof的名词复数 )v.（兽的）蹄，马蹄( hoof的第三人称单数 ) | |
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corpses
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| n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 ) | |
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glistening
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| adj.闪耀的，反光的v.湿物闪耀，闪亮( glisten的现在分词 ) | |
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weird
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| adj.古怪的，离奇的；怪诞的，神秘而可怕的 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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junction
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| n.连接，接合；交叉点，接合处，枢纽站 | |
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slashes
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| n.（用刀等）砍( slash的名词复数 )；（长而窄的）伤口；斜杠；撒尿v.挥砍( slash的第三人称单数 )；鞭打；割破；削减 | |
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71
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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impoverished
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| adj.穷困的，无力的，用尽了的v.使（某人）贫穷( impoverish的过去式和过去分词 )；使（某物）贫瘠或恶化 | |
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73
plentiful
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| adj.富裕的，丰富的 | |
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subsist
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| vi.生存，存在，供养 | |
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saluting
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| v.欢迎，致敬( salute的现在分词 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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jack
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| n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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