None of the Sisters who gave up their time and talents to the cause of suffering humanity did better work than the Sisters of Mercy. Their most conspicuous5 service was on Southern battlefields, although, like their colleagues in this merciful work, they were subject to the call of duty no matter whence it came. On the 19th of June, 1862, Vicar General Starrs, of New York, applied6 for a sufficient corps7 of nurses to take charge of a military hospital in North Carolina. The proposition was laid before the Sisters of St. Catherine’s Convent of Mercy, in New York City, and the invitation promptly8 and cheerfully accepted.
Nine Sisters were selected for the mission. They included Sisters Mary Augustine MacKenna, M. Elizabeth Callanan, M. Paul Lennon, M. Gertrude Ledwith, M. Paula 212 Harris, M. Veronica Dimond and M. Agatha MacCarthy. The Mother Superior and Mother Alphonsus decided10 to go with the party. The chaplain was Rev11. Father Bruhl, a native of Hungary, sixty years of age. He had a long, flowing grey beard, and while he was not possessed12 of an adequate knowledge of English, he was equipped with a valuable experience of hospital work incident to warfare13. This was derived14 from long and laborious15 service in the French army during the war which resulted in the taking of Algiers.
The Sisters bade adieu to their convent friends on the 15th of July, and boarded the Government boat Catawaba, which was to take them to the scene of their future labors16 at Beaufort, N. C. The Sisters were under the care of General Foster, who showed them every consideration.
It happened that 500 horses, destined17 for cavalry18 service, were to be passengers on the vessel19, and as the tedious and somewhat distressing20 process of getting them into the hold only commenced after the Sisters boarded the boat the Catawaba could not leave the dock until the afternoon of July 16.
A non-Catholic officer writing from Beaufort at this time says:
“The Hammond General Hospital, at Beaufort, N. C., is eligibly21 located on the bay, the tide rising and falling entirely22 around the main building. It is under the care of the Sisters of Mercy, whose earnest devotedness24 to the noble task they have assumed is manifested in the cleanly condition of the place and the comfort and contentment displayed by all the patients. One kitchen, a perfect ‘bijou’ of a kitchen, is devoted23 to the use of the Sisters, where they prepare every kind of delicacy25 which the 213 condition of the sick require, in such a manner as those good Sisters only can prepare such things. The prejudice which exists in some illiberal-minded persons toward Catholics would be very speedily and effectually dispelled26 could they witness, as we have, these worthy27 ladies modestly but earnestly pursuing their vocation28 among the sick and wounded, with no hope of reward until He, whose divine example they imitate, shall say: ‘I was weary and ye ministered unto me.’ Long may Sister Mary Madeline, the Superior, and her amiable29 Sisters be spared to pursue their work of faith and love among us. Our soldiers feel truly grateful to Mrs. Foster, the accomplished30 wife of our Major General, for her consideration in bringing the Sisters here.”
SISTERS OF SATTERLEE HOSPITAL.
The structure which was known as the “hospital” is thus admirably described by Mother Mary Carroll: “It was a large building that had formerly31 been a summer hotel. It was so near the shore that at high tide the waves rolled in and out under the timber props32 on which it was erected33. It was a frame building, containing 500 rooms. The Sisters arrived in the midst of a heavy rain storm. As they passed from the wharf34 to the building, in single file, all dressed in black, the patients, looking out of the windows, took them for nine lone35 widows, seeking the dead bodies of their husbands!
“The place contained no furniture except a few miserable36 bedsteads, and was in a most desolate37 condition. There was only one broom and very few utensils38. The broom, in possession of Chloe, a saucy39 little negress, was seldom available. Along the shore were wrecks40 of pianos, tables, chairs, glass, etc. There were no candles or lamps, and every one was compelled to retire before night.” 214
Truly, a forsaken41 habitation for women, the most of whom had been brought up in homes of comfort and refinement42. The house was extremely dirty, and the Sisters got very little rest the first night. The next day a transformation43 took place. The new-comers, with what assistance they could obtain from the natives, began the work of housecleaning. “Bob” Sproul, a young negro, who was presented with a red shirt, was installed as water carrier. He was so delighted with the conspicuous but useful garment that he wore it outside of his Sunday coat and proclaimed himself “the best-dressed man in North Carolina.”
The first dinner of the Sisters was a “sumptuous repast” of pork and beans and mouldy bread, to which was added coffee sweetened with molasses. Eight rooms were assigned to the nurses. These rooms were located on the second story, and opened out on a piazza44 overlooking the sound. In spite of the great consideration shown the Sisters, they were compelled to undergo many privations. Two of the Sisters, whose names are not recorded, died from the effects of these hardships, and several were dangerously ill.
Nearly all the patients differed from the Sisters in religious belief, and their coming caused several humorous as well as pathetic incidents. Many of the soldiers had never met “a real, live” Sister before. Their minds had been installed with false notions, and it was some days before they appreciated the Sisters in their real character and at their true worth. After the work in the locality was finished, the steward of the hospital confessed that he often sat up until 1 o’clock in the morning watching the Sisters, fully9 expecting them to poison the patients, or do 215 some other terrible thing, they being “confessed emissaries of the Pope.”
The dress of the Sisters scared some of the others. “Great heavens!” shrieked45 one patient to the nurse that bent46 over him, “are you a man or a woman? But your hand is a woman’s hand; its touch is soft, and your voice is gentle. What are you?”
“Only a poor servant of the Great Master, come from afar to serve you,” said the Sister.
“Sister,” moaned another, “I’m dying. I want to be what you are; help me.”
“What the Sister believes, I believe,” cried another, who had probably never known any religion. “Sister, tell me what to answer when the priest comes to baptize me.”
When the patients finally recovered sufficiently47 to leave the hospital they would offer little keepsakes to the Sisters—a button, a shred48 of blue or gray, a pebble—with a fervent49 “God bless you, Sister. I’ll never forget you. Pray for me.”
The Sisters became part of the patients’ lives. They did more than nurse them. They cheered them in their hours of despondency, and wrote letters for them to the anxious ones at home. Some of the Sisters, by reason of ill health, were compelled to return to New York. Their places were promptly filled with recruits from the Mother House.
The perfect discipline among the Sisters, the spirit of humility50 and self-sacrifice that prevailed generally, was exhibited when the Mother Superior in charge was succeeded by Mother M. Augustine McKenna. Mother Augustine was one of the women who had previously51 prepared food for the soldiers. The patients and others were 216 surprised to learn, after the change, that she was not only a person of great executive ability, but that she was also a woman of the utmost refinement, and one of the most intellectual members of the Sisterhood.
In October, 1862, it was found that Beaufort was too much exposed for the patients, and they were removed to Newberne. The residence of Governor Stanley was placed at the disposal of the Sisters. It was transformed into a handsome convent, the parlor52 being used as a chapel53. After the raids at Goldsboro all of the wards54 were crowded with sick and wounded. Americans, Germans, Irish and Creoles, all came in the same ambulances, with their clothing matted to the skin from ghastly wounds. They were all treated alike by the nurses, who were working in the cause of humanity.
Some time after the war Jefferson Davis, ex-President of the late Confederacy, addressing a number of the Sisters, said: “Will you allow me, ladies, to speak a moment with you? I am proud to see you once more. I can never forget your kindness to the sick and wounded in our darkest days, and I know not how to testify my gratitude56 and respect for every member of your noble order.”
Mr. Davis met Mother Mary Teresa Austen Carroll in 1887, and he reiterated57 his expressions of thankfulness toward the sisters who had performed what he called a great work. Many other dignitaries and soldiers on both the union and Confederate sides testified to the good services rendered by the Sisters of Mercy. Their labors, however, did not end with the war, for after that cruel period they busied themselves in establishing homes for widows and asylums58 for the orphans59.
The Sisters of Mercy also worked with unremitting 217 zeal60 during the war at Mississippi Springs, Oxford61, Jackson and Shelby Springs. The Southern Sisters, after devoting months to the service of the sick and wounded soldiers in these localities, returned home to Vicksburg only to find that General Slocum had confiscated their convent for a headquarters. Father Michael O’Connor, S. J., formerly Bishop62 of Pittsburg, was a personal friend of Secretary of the War Stanton, and he at once interested himself in the cause of the Sisters. After a brief correspondence their property was restored to them.
In February, 1862, the Mayor of Cincinnati applied to the Archbishop of the same city for a sufficient number of Sisters to nurse the sick and wounded soldiers of the Ohio regiments63. The application was sent to Mother Teresa, who not only complied with it, but headed the delegation64 of Sisters that went to the front. Grant and Johnson had met at Shiloh and the battle of Pittsburg Landing was the result. The Sisters went down the river on the Superior, preparing bandages and other hospital necessaries on the way.
There was plenty of work to do when they landed, and it was entered upon with zeal. A number of secular ladies also arrived upon the scene and insisted upon aiding in the work. The Sisters cheerfully accepted their assistance. In a few days small-pox broke out among the patients and the secular ladies suddenly remembered that they had important engagements elsewhere. They deserted65 the temporary hospitals with more haste than dignity, leaving the Sisters in undisputed possession. Mother Teresa was especially devoted during the small-pox epidemic66, joining the other Sisters in personally dressing55 the 218 wounds of the patients suffering from this loathsome67 disease.
The Sisters of Mercy also worked zealously68 in St. Louis. They visited almost daily the hospitals on the Fair Grounds in that city, where an average of from 1000 to 2000 sick and wounded men were being cared for. Many other visitations were made to private hospitals and private dwellings69, where the necessities of the occasion happened to place the disabled soldiers. Particular attention was paid to the patients in the McDowell College, used as a hospital for sick prisoners of war. The Sisters sent large hampers70 to this institution filled with clothing and with delicacies71 in the way of food and drink.
Some of the poor sufferers were stone-blind, but as soon as they discovered that the Sisters of Mercy were among them they would stretch out their hands, crying, “Welcome, Sisters. If you had never given us anything we would still rejoice to have you come amongst us with your consoling words.”
Three of the prisoners of war in the McDowell Hospital were condemned72 to be shot as a measure of “retaliation”—one of the cruel customs of the war. The sentence of death had been passed with all due military solemnity, and the carrying out thereof was inevitable73. Knowing this to be the case the Sisters visited the condemned men in their cells and urged them to make suitable preparations for death. The unfortunate men received the Sisters with cordiality, but they were furious at the decree which condemned them to death, and absolutely refused to consider any suggestions which would cause them to forgive their enemies. While the Sisters were pleading with the men an armed guard stood at the door and two 219 other sentinels paced up and down the corridor with a regularity75 and grimness that filled the scene with awe76.
Finally perseverance77 conquered. The doomed78 men relented, and a clergyman accompanied them to the scaffold. They were blindfolded79 when making fervent acts of contrition80, and while engaged in this pious81 devotion were launched into eternity82.
One of the duties that devolved upon the Sisters during the war, as well as thereafter, was the care of the widows and orphans of the soldiers. There was one pathetic case in the McDowell Institution. It concerned two little girls, daughters of Southern prisoners. Their mother and married sister had died in the prison, and their father was among the missing. The little ones were seriously ill when they were brought to the attention of the Sisters. They were in such a sad plight83 that their clothes had to be changed in the yard, and the cast-off garments buried. Baptism was administered to them, and their physical needs given immediate84 attention. The younger child, about 8 years of age, died a few days later. The other recovered and was instructed in the ways necessary for a life of virtue85 and usefulness. At the close of the war she was claimed by her father. He had searched the city in a vain endeavor to find his offspring, and when he had all but abandoned hope located her in the “House of Mercy,” conducted by the Sisters. On being given positive pledges that the child would be properly cared for the Sisters restored her to the anxious father.
Mary Mulholland, who became known as Mother Francis of the Sisters of Mercy, did wonderfully effective work during the war. She was born in Armagh, Ireland, in 1808, but came to this country when a mere86 child. 220 Her one desire was to become a member of one of those devoted Sisterhoods that give their lives to the service of the Creator. In spite of the opposition87 of her parents this object was finally achieved. The opportunity came when Bishop Quarter engaged a colony of Sisters of Mercy for Chicago in 1843. The journey to the Western city was by stage and boat. A terrific storm arose while the party was crossing Lake Michigan. A high wave swept over the deck of the vessel, carrying men, women and children into the angry waters.
Mary Mulholland was one of those that went overboard, and when a brave man—a Mr. Ogden, who afterwards became the first Mayor of Chicago—attempted to save her she cried: “Leave me to my fate; save the others.” He did save others, but he saved her, too, for a future of usefulness and good works. The future Mother of the Order received the white veil from the Bishop in April, 1847, and was professed88 by dispensation December 28, 1848. Her business accomplishments89 made her a valuable member of the community.
Speaking of the experience of this good woman in the Civil War Mother Carroll says16: When the Civil War broke out Mother Frances organized among the Sisters a band of volunteer nurses to minister to the sick and wounded on Southern battlefields. She accompanied them to Missouri, and set them to work. In Chicago she looked after the soldiers, whether sick or prisoners. A Sister who shared with her the fatigues90 of these great works writes: “Many soldiers crying out in agony on their hard beds blessed her as she passed her holy hands over their burning brows. The absent fathers 221 and mothers for whom they called could not come, but this gentle, humble91, self-sacrificing soul supplied their places. A Southern lad of 18 cried like a child when she laid her hand on his clammy brow. ‘Oh, God,’ he murmured, ‘I thought you were my mother.’ She prepared him for death, and he died in her arms.
Mother Francis was a power in the prisons and hospitals when the most influential92 gentlemen and committees were refused admission. There were so many sympathizers with Confederates in Chicago that a general uprising between Federals and Secessionists was often feared. Whenever or wherever the Sisters of Mercy appeared the sick and wounded soldiers, whether in blue or gray uniform, were abundantly supplied with everything necessary for their comfort. Once when Secretary Stanton refused to supply more rations74 during the current month the case was laid before the President, who wrote:
“To all whom it may concern:—On application of the Sisters of Mercy in Chicago of the Military Hospital in Washington furnish such provisions as they desire to purchase and charge the same to the War Department.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.”
After the war Mother Frances continued her useful work in many convents of her order, dying peacefully on December 8, 1888.17
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1
steward
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| n.乘务员，服务员；看管人；膳食管理员 | |
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confiscated
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| 没收，充公( confiscate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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secular
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| n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的 | |
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smallpox
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| n.天花 | |
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conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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rev
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| v.发动机旋转，加快速度 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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laborious
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| adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅 | |
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labors
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| v.努力争取(for)( labor的第三人称单数 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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distressing
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| a.使人痛苦的 | |
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eligibly
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| 适当地 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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devotedness
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delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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dispelled
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| v.驱散，赶跑( dispel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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vocation
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| n.职业，行业 | |
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amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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props
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| 小道具； 支柱( prop的名词复数 )； 支持者； 道具； （橄榄球中的）支柱前锋 | |
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ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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wharf
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| n.码头，停泊处 | |
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lone
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| adj.孤寂的，单独的；唯一的 | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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utensils
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| 器具，用具，器皿( utensil的名词复数 )； 器物 | |
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saucy
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| adj.无礼的；俊俏的；活泼的 | |
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wrecks
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| n.沉船( wreck的名词复数 )；（事故中）遭严重毁坏的汽车（或飞机等）；（身体或精神上）受到严重损伤的人；状况非常糟糕的车辆（或建筑物等）v.毁坏[毁灭]某物( wreck的第三人称单数 )；使（船舶）失事，使遇难，使下沉 | |
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Forsaken
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| adj. 被遗忘的, 被抛弃的 动词forsake的过去分词 | |
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refinement
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| n.文雅；高尚；精美；精制；精炼 | |
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transformation
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| n.变化；改造；转变 | |
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piazza
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| n.广场；走廊 | |
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shrieked
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| v.尖叫( shriek的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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47
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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48
shred
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| v.撕成碎片，变成碎片；n.碎布条，细片，些少 | |
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49
fervent
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| adj.热的，热烈的，热情的 | |
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50
humility
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| n.谦逊，谦恭 | |
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51
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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parlor
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| n.店铺，营业室；会客室，客厅 | |
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chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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54
wards
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| 区( ward的名词复数 )； 病房； 受监护的未成年者； 被人照顾或控制的状态 | |
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dressing
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| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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56
gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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reiterated
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| 反复地说，重申( reiterate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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asylums
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| n.避难所( asylum的名词复数 )；庇护；政治避难；精神病院 | |
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orphans
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| 孤儿( orphan的名词复数 ) | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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Oxford
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| n.牛津（英国城市） | |
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bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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regiments
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| （军队的）团( regiment的名词复数 )； 大量的人或物 | |
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delegation
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| n.代表团；派遣 | |
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deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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epidemic
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| n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的 | |
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loathsome
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| adj.讨厌的，令人厌恶的 | |
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zealously
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| adv.热心地；热情地；积极地；狂热地 | |
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dwellings
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| n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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hampers
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| 妨碍，束缚，限制( hamper的第三人称单数 ) | |
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delicacies
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| n.棘手( delicacy的名词复数 )；精致；精美的食物；周到 | |
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condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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rations
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| 定量( ration的名词复数 )； 配给量； 正常量； 合理的量 | |
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regularity
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| n.规律性，规则性；匀称，整齐 | |
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awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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perseverance
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| n.坚持不懈，不屈不挠 | |
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doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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blindfolded
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| v.（尤指用布）挡住（某人）的视线( blindfold的过去式 )；蒙住（某人）的眼睛；使不理解；蒙骗 | |
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contrition
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| n.悔罪，痛悔 | |
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pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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eternity
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| n.不朽，来世；永恒，无穷 | |
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plight
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| n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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accomplishments
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| n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就 | |
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fatigues
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| n.疲劳( fatigue的名词复数 )；杂役；厌倦；（士兵穿的）工作服 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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influential
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| adj.有影响的，有权势的 | |
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