One of those recurrent selves who frequent the habitat of the Easy Chair, with every effect of exterior1 identities, looked in and said, before he sat down, and much before he was asked to sit down, "Are you one of those critics of smart or swell2 society (or whatever it's called now) who despise it because they can't get into it, or one of those censors3 who won't go into it because they despise it?"
"Your question," we replied, "seems to be rather offensive, but we don't know that it's voluntarily so, and it's certainly interesting. On your part, will you say what has prompted you, just at the moment, to accost4 us with this inquiry5?" Before he could answer, we hastened to add: "By-the-way, what a fine, old-fashioned, gentlemanly word accost is! People used to accost one another a great deal in polite literature. 'Seeing her embarrassment6 from his abrupt7 and vigorous stare, he thus accosted8 her.' Or, 'Embarrassed by his fixed9 and penetrating10 regard, she timidly accosted him.' It seems to us that we remember a great many passages like these. Why has the word gone out? It was admirably fitted for such junctures11, and it was so polished by use that it slipped from the pen without any effort of the brain, and—"
"I have no time for idle discussions of a mere12 literary nature," our other self returned. "I am very full of the subject which I have sprung upon you, and which I see you are trying to shirk."
"Not at all," we smilingly retorted. "We will answer you according to your folly13 without the least reluctance14. We are not in smart or swell society because we cannot get in; but at the same time we would not get in if we could, because we despise it too much. We wonder," we continued, speculatively15, "why we always suspect the society satirist16 of suffering from a social snub? It doesn't in the least follow. Was Pope, when he invited his S'in' John to
'leave all meaner things
To low ambition and the pride of kings'
goaded17 to magnanimity by a slight from royalty18? Was Mr. Benson when he came over here from London excluded from the shining first circles of New York and Newport, which are apparently19 reflected with such brilliant fidelity20 in The Relentless21 City, and was he wreaking22 an unworthy resentment23 in portraying24 our richly moneyed, blue-blooded society to the life? How are manners ever to be corrected with a smile if the smile is always suspected of being an agonized25 grin, the contortion26 of the features by the throes of a mortified27 spirit? Was George William Curtis in his amusing but unsparing Potiphar Papers—"
"Ah, now you are shouting!" our other self exclaimed.
"Your slang is rather antiquated," we returned, with grave severity. "But just what do you mean by it in this instance?"
"I mean that manners are never corrected with a smile, whether of compassion28 or of derision. The manners that are bad, that are silly, that are vulgar, that are vicious, go on unchastened from generation to generation. Even the good manners don't seem to decay: simplicity29, sincerity30, kindness, don't really go out, any more than the other things, and fortunately the other things are confined only to a small group in every civilization, to the black sheep of the great, whity-brown or golden-fleeced human family."
"What has all this vague optimism to do with the Potiphar Papers and smart society and George William Curtis?" we brought the intruder sharply to book.
"A great deal, especially the part relating to the continuity of bad manners. I've just been reading an extremely clever little book by a new writer, called New York Society on Parade, which so far as its basal facts are concerned might have been written by the writer of 'Our Best Society' and the other Potiphar Papers. The temperament31 varies from book to book; Mr. Ralph Pulitzer has a neater and lighter32 touch than George William Curtis; his book is more compact, more directly and distinctly a study, and it is less alloyed with the hopes of society reform which could be more reasonably indulged fifty-six years ago. Do you remember when 'Our Best Society' came out in the eldest34 Putnam's Magazine, that phoenix35 of monthlies which has since twice risen from its ashes? Don't pretend that our common memory doesn't run back to the year 1853! We have so many things in common that I can't let you disgrace the firm by any such vain assumption of extreme youth!"
"Why should we assume it? The Easy Chair had then been three years firmly on its legs, or its rockers, and the succession of great spirits, now disembodied, whom its ease invited, were all more or less in mature flesh. We remember that paper on 'Our Best Society' vividly36, and we recall the shock that its facts concerning the Upper Ten Thousand of New York imparted to the innocent, or at least the virtuous37, Lower Twenty Millions inhabiting the rest of the United States. Do you mean to say that the Four Hundred of this day are no better than the Ten Thousand of that? Has nothing been gained for quality by that prodigious38 reduction in quantity?"
"On the contrary, the folly, the vanity, the meanness, the heartlessness, the vulgarity, have only been condensed and concentrated, if we are to believe Mr. Pulitzer; and I don't see why we should doubt him. Did you say you hadn't seen his very shapely little study? It takes, with all the unpitying sincerity of a kodak, the likeness40 of our best society in its three most characteristic aspects; full-face at dinner, three-quarters-face at the opera, and profile at a ball, where proud beauty hides its face on the shoulder of haughty41 commercial or financial youth, and moneyed age dips its nose in whatever symbolizes42 the Gascon wine in the paternal43 library. Mr. Pulitzer makes no attempt at dramatizing his persons. There is no ambitious Mrs. Potiphar with a longing44 for fashionable New York worlds to conquer, yet with a secret heartache for the love of her country girlhood; no good, kind, sordid45 Potiphar bewildered and bedevilled by the surroundings she creates for him; no soft Rev46. Cream Cheese, tenderly respectful of Mammon while ritually serving God; no factitious Ottoman of a Kurz Pasha, laughingly yet sadly observant of us playing at the forms of European society. Those devices of the satirist belonged to the sentimentalist mood of the Thackerayan epoch47. But it is astonishing how exactly history repeats itself in the facts of the ball in 1910 from the ball of 1852. The motives48, the personnel, almost the matériel, the incidents, are the same. I should think it would amuse Mr. Pulitzer, imitating nature from his actual observation, to find how essentially49 his study is the same with that of Curtis imitating nature fifty-seven years ago. There is more of nature in bulk, not in variety, to be imitated now, but as Mr. Pulitzer studies it in the glass of fashion, her mean, foolish, selfish face is the same. He would find in the sketches50 of the Mid-Victorian satirist all sorts of tender relentings and generous hopes concerning the 'gay' New York of that time which the Early Edwardian satirist cannot indulge concerning the gay New York of this time. It seems as if we had really gone from bad to worse, not qualitatively—we couldn't—but quantitatively51. There is more money, there are more men, more women, but otherwise our proud world is the proud world of 1853."
"You keep saying the same thing with 'damnable iterance,'" we remarked. "Don't you suppose that outside of New York there is now a vast society, as there was then, which enjoys itself sweetly, kindly52, harmlessly? Is there no gentle Chicago or kind St. Louis, no pastoral Pittsburg, no sequestered53 Cincinnati, no bucolic54 Boston, no friendly Philadelphia, where 'the heart that is humble55 may look for' disinterested56 pleasure in the high-society functions of the day or night? Does New York set the pace for all these places, and are dinners given there as here, not for the delight of the guests, but as the dire33 duty of the hostesses? Do the inhabitants of those simple sojourns57 go to the opera to be seen and not to hear? Do they follow on to balls before the piece is done only to bear the fardels of ignominy heaped upon them by the german's leaders, or to see their elders and fatters getting all the beautiful and costly58 favors while their own young and gracile loveliness is passed slighted by because they give no balls where those cruel captains can hope to shine in the van? It seems to us that in our own far prime—now well-nigh lost in the mists of antiquity—life was ordered kindlier; that dinners and opera-parties and dances were given
'To bless and never to ban.'"
"Very likely, on the low society level on which our joint59 life moved," our other self replied, with his unsparing candor60. "You know we were a country village, city-of-the-second-class personality. Even in the distant epoch painted in the Potiphar Papers the motives of New York society were the same as now. It was not the place where birth and rank and fame relaxed or sported, as in Europe, or where ardent61 innocence62 played and feasted as in the incorrupt towns of our interior. If Curtis once represented it rightly, it was the same ridiculous, hard-worked, greedy, costly, stupid thing which Mr. Pulitzer again represents it."
"And yet," we mused63 aloud, "this is the sort of thing which the 'unthinking multitude' who criticise64, or at least review, books are always lamenting65 that our fiction doesn't deal with. Why, in its emptiness and heaviness, its smartness and dulness, it would be the death of our poor fiction!"
"Well, I don't know," our counterpart responded. "If our fiction took it on the human ground, and ascertained66 its inner pathos67, its real lamentableness, it might do a very good thing with those clubmen and society girls and grandes dames68. But that remains69 to be seen. In the mean time it is very much to have such a study of society as Mr. Pulitzer has given us. For the most part it is 'satire70 with no pity in it,' but there's here and there a touch of compassion, which moves the more because of its rarity. When the author notes that here and there a pretty dear finds herself left with no one to take her out to supper at the ball, his few words wring71 the heart. 'These poor victims of their sex cannot, like the men, form tables of their own. All that each can do is to disappear as swiftly and as secretly as possible, hurrying home in humiliation72 for the present and despair for the future.'"
"Do such cruel things really happen in our best society?" we palpitated, in an anguish73 of sympathy.
"Such things and worse," our other self responded, "as when in the german the fair débutante sees the leader advancing toward her with a splendid and costly favor, only to have him veer74 abruptly75 off to bestow76 it on some fat elderling who is going to give the next ball. But Mr. Pulitzer, though he has these spare intimations of pity, has none of the sentiment which there is rather a swash of in the Potiphar Papers. It's the difference between the Mid-Victorian and the Early Edwardian point of view. Both satirists are disillusioned77, but in the page of Curtis there is
'The tender grace of a day that is dead'
and the soft suffusion79 of hope for better things, while in the page of Mr. Pulitzer there is no such qualification of the disillusion78. Both are enamoured of the beauty of those daughters of Mammon, and of the distinction of our iron-clad youth, the athletic80, well-groomed, well-tailored worldlings who hurry up-town from their banks and brokers81' offices and lawyers' offices to the dinners and opera-boxes and dances of fashion. 'The girls and women are of a higher average of beauty than any European ball-room could produce. The men, too, are generally well built, tall, and handsome, easily distinguishable from the waiters,' Mr. Pulitzer assures us."
"Well, oughtn't that to console?" we defied our other self. "Come! It's a great thing to be easily distinguishable from the waiters, when the waiters are so often disappointed 'remittance82 men' of good English family, or the scions83 of Continental84 nobility. We mustn't ask everything."
"No, and apparently the feeding is less gross than it was in Curtis's less sophisticated time. Many of the men seem still to smoke and booze throughout the night with the host in his 'library,' but the dancing youth don't get drunk as some of them did at Mrs. Potiphar's supper, and people don't throw things from their plates under the table."
"Well, why do you say, then, that there is no change for the better in our best society, that there is no hope for it?"
"Did I say that? If I did, I will stick to it. We must let our best society be as it now imagines itself. I don't suppose that in all that gang of beautiful, splendid, wasteful85, expensively surfeited86 people there are more than two or three young men of intellectual prowess or spiritual distinction, though there must be some clever and brilliant toadies87 of the artist variety. In fact, Mr. Pulitzer says as much outright88; and it is the hard lot of some of the arts to have to tout89 for custom among the vulgar ranks of our best society."
"Very well, then," we said, with considerable resolution, "we must change the popular ideal of the best society. We must have a four hundred made up of the most brilliant artists, authors, doctors, professors, scientists, musicians, actors, and ministers, with their wives, daughters, and sisters, who will walk to one another's dinners, or at worst go by trolley90, and occupy the cheaper seats at the opera, and dance in small and early assemblages, and live in seven-room-with-bath flats. Money must not count at all in the choice of these elect and beautiful natures. The question is, how shall we get the dense39, unenlightened masses to regard them as the best society; howteach the reporters to run after them, and the press to chronicle their entertainments, engagements, marriages, divorces, voyages to and from Europe, and the other facts which now so dazzle the common fancy when it finds them recorded in the society intelligence of the newspapers?"
"Yes, as General Sherman said when he had once advocated the restriction91 of the suffrage92 and had been asked how he was going to get the consent of the majority whose votes he meant to take away—'yes, that is the devil of it.'"
We were silent for a time, and then we suggested, "Don't you think that a beginning could be made by those real élite we have decided93 on refusing to let associate with what now calls itself our best society?"
"But hasn't our soi-disant best society already made that beginning for its betters by excluding them?" our other self responded.
"There is something in what you say," we reluctantly assented94, "but by no means everything. The beginning you speak of has been made at the wrong end. The true beginning of society reform must be made by the moral, ?sthetic, and intellectual superiors of fashionable society as we now have it. The grandes dames must be somehow persuaded that to be really swell, really smart, or whatever the last word for the thing is, they must search Who's Who in New York for men and women of the most brilliant promise and performance and invite them. They must not search the banks and brokers' offices and lawyers' offices for their dancing-men, but the studios, the editorial-rooms, the dramatic agencies, the pulpits, for the most gifted young artists, assignment men, interviewers, actors, and preachers, and apply to the labor-unions for the cleverest and handsomest artisans; they must look up the most beautiful and intelligent girl-students of all the arts and sciences, and department stores for cultivated and attractive salesladies. Then, when all such people have received cards to dinners or dances, it will only remain for them to have previous engagements, and the true beginning is made. Come! You can't say the thing is impossible."
"Not impossible, no," our complementary self replied. "But difficult."
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1
exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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swell
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| vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强 | |
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censors
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| 删剪（书籍、电影等中被认为犯忌、违反道德或政治上危险的内容）( censor的第三人称单数 ) | |
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accost
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| v.向人搭话，打招呼 | |
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inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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embarrassment
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| n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫 | |
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abrupt
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| adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的 | |
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8
accosted
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| v.走过去跟…讲话( accost的过去式和过去分词 )；跟…搭讪；（乞丐等）上前向…乞讨；（妓女等）勾搭 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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penetrating
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| adj.（声音）响亮的，尖锐的adj.（气味）刺激的adj.（思想）敏锐的，有洞察力的 | |
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11
junctures
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| n.时刻，关键时刻( juncture的名词复数 )；接合点 | |
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12
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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13
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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reluctance
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| n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿 | |
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speculatively
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| adv.思考地，思索地；投机地 | |
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satirist
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| n.讽刺诗作者，讽刺家，爱挖苦别人的人 | |
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17
goaded
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| v.刺激( goad的过去式和过去分词 )；激励；（用尖棒）驱赶；驱使（或怂恿、刺激）某人 | |
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royalty
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| n.皇家，皇族 | |
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apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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relentless
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| adj.残酷的，不留情的，无怜悯心的 | |
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wreaking
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| 诉诸（武力），施行（暴力），发（脾气）( wreak的现在分词 ) | |
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resentment
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| n.怨愤，忿恨 | |
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portraying
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| v.画像( portray的现在分词 )；描述；描绘；描画 | |
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agonized
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| v.使（极度）痛苦，折磨( agonize的过去式和过去分词 )；苦斗；苦苦思索；感到极度痛苦 | |
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contortion
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| n.扭弯，扭歪，曲解 | |
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mortified
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| v.使受辱( mortify的过去式和过去分词 )；伤害（人的感情）；克制；抑制（肉体、情感等） | |
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28
compassion
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| n.同情，怜悯 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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31
temperament
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| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
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32
lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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dire
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| adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的 | |
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eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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phoenix
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| n.凤凰，长生(不死)鸟；引申为重生 | |
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vividly
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| adv.清楚地，鲜明地，生动地 | |
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virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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prodigious
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| adj.惊人的，奇妙的；异常的；巨大的；庞大的 | |
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dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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40
likeness
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| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
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haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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symbolizes
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| v.象征，作为…的象征( symbolize的第三人称单数 ) | |
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paternal
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| adj.父亲的，像父亲的，父系的，父方的 | |
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longing
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| n.（for）渴望 | |
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sordid
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| adj.肮脏的，不干净的，卑鄙的，暗淡的 | |
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rev
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| v.发动机旋转，加快速度 | |
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epoch
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| n.(新)时代；历元 | |
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48
motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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essentially
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| adv.本质上，实质上，基本上 | |
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sketches
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| n.草图( sketch的名词复数 )；素描；速写；梗概 | |
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51
quantitatively
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| adv.数量上 | |
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52
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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sequestered
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| adj.扣押的；隐退的；幽静的；偏僻的v.使隔绝，使隔离( sequester的过去式和过去分词 )；扣押 | |
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54
bucolic
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| adj.乡村的；牧羊的 | |
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55
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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56
disinterested
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| adj.不关心的，不感兴趣的 | |
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57
sojourns
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| n.逗留，旅居( sojourn的名词复数 ) | |
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costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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candor
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| n.坦白，率真 | |
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ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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62
innocence
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| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
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63
mused
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的过去式和过去分词 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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criticise
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| v.批评，评论；非难 | |
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65
lamenting
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| adj.悲伤的，悲哀的v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的现在分词 ) | |
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ascertained
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| v.弄清，确定，查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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pathos
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| n.哀婉，悲怆 | |
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68
dames
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| n.（在英国）夫人（一种封号），夫人（爵士妻子的称号）( dame的名词复数 )；女人 | |
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69
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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70
satire
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| n.讽刺，讽刺文学，讽刺作品 | |
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71
wring
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| n.扭绞；v.拧，绞出，扭 | |
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72
humiliation
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| n.羞辱 | |
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73
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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74
veer
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| vt.转向，顺时针转，改变；n.转向 | |
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abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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77
disillusioned
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| a.不再抱幻想的，大失所望的，幻想破灭的 | |
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disillusion
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| vt.使不再抱幻想，使理想破灭 | |
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suffusion
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| n.充满 | |
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80
athletic
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| adj.擅长运动的，强健的；活跃的，体格健壮的 | |
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brokers
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| n.（股票、外币等）经纪人( broker的名词复数 )；中间人；代理商；（订合同的）中人v.做掮客（或中人等）( broker的第三人称单数 )；作为权力经纪人进行谈判；以中间人等身份安排… | |
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82
remittance
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| n.汇款，寄款，汇兑 | |
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83
scions
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| n.接穗，幼枝( scion的名词复数 )；（尤指富家）子孙 | |
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continental
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| adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的 | |
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85
wasteful
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| adj.（造成）浪费的，挥霍的 | |
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86
surfeited
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| v.吃得过多( surfeit的过去式和过去分词 )；由于过量而厌腻 | |
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toadies
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| n.谄媚者，马屁精( toady的名词复数 )v.拍马，谄媚( toady的第三人称单数 ) | |
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outright
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| adv.坦率地；彻底地；立即；adj.无疑的；彻底的 | |
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tout
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| v.推销，招徕；兜售；吹捧，劝诱 | |
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90
trolley
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| n.手推车，台车；无轨电车；有轨电车 | |
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restriction
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| n.限制，约束 | |
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suffrage
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| n.投票，选举权，参政权 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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assented
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| 同意，赞成( assent的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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