All forms of literature probably hold a great deal more meaning than people commonly get out of them; but prose may be likened to a cup which one can easily see to the bottom of, though it is often deeper and fuller than it looks; while verse is the fount through which thought and feeling continually bubble from the heart of things. The sources that underlie3 all life may be finding vent4 in a rhyme where the poet imagined he was breathing some little, superficial vein5 of his own; but in the reader he may unawares have reached the wells of inmost passion and given them release. The reader may himself live with a certain verse and be aware of it now and then merely as a teasing iterance that
"From some odd corner of the mind
Beats time to nothing in the brain."
But suddenly some experience, or perhaps the exfoliation of the outer self through the falling away of the withered6 years, shall open to him its vital and cosmical significance. He shall know then that it is not an idle whisper of song, but a message to his soul from the senate where the immortals8 gather in secular9 counsel and muse10 the wisdom of all the centuries since humanity came to its earliest consciousness. The bearer of the message may not have known it in the translation which it wears to the receiver; each must read it in his own tongue and read meaning into it; perhaps it always takes two to make a poet, and singer and listener are the twin spheres that form one star.
A valued correspondent of ours, one of those whose letters are oftener than we should like to own fraught11 with the suggestion of our most fortunate inspirations, believes himself to have been recently the confidant of the inner sense of certain lines in a familiar poem of Longfellow's. Its refrain had, from the first reading, chanted in the outer chamber12 of his ear, but suddenly, the other day, it sang to his soul with a newly realized purport13 in the words,
"A boy's will is the wind's will,
And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts."
The words are, as the poet promptly14 declares, the burden of a Lapland song, which "is haunting his memory still," which "murmurs15 and whispers still," which "is singing and saying still," which "is mournful" and "sweet" and "fitful" and "fatal" and "strange" and "beautiful." Yet he seems not to have known, as our friend now thinks he himself knows, that they express a difference, unrecognized hitherto, between youth and age, and rightfully attribute to the young a steadfastness16 and persistence18 in objects and ideals formerly19 supposed the distinguishing qualities of the old. In other words, they have precipitated20 into his consciousness a truth unwittingly held in solution by both the poets in their verse. Or, if it was conveyed to him by their sensible connivance22, he is the first who has been made its repository. Or, if he cannot claim an exclusive property in the revelation, it is now his, in his turn, by that sad right of seniority whose advantages are not ours till there are few or none left to contest them with us. One has not been promoted to them because of any merit or achievement; one has simply lived into them; and how much of one has died in the process of survival! The lines speak to our friend's age a language which his youth could not have understood, and it is because he is no longer young that he perceives how long the thoughts of youth were and how brief the thoughts of age.
He had always fancied that his later years should be a time of repose23 in the faiths, loves, and joys through which he realized himself. But nothing apparently24 was farther from the fact. Such length of thoughts as he had, such abiding25 pleasures, such persistent26 hopes, were from his youth; and the later sort were as the leaves of the tree to the tree itself. He put them forth27 at the beginning of an epoch28, a season, and they dropped from him at the close. In as great bitterness as is consonant29 with his temperament30 he has asked us why youth should ever have been deemed fickle1 and age constant when so precisely31 the contrary is true. Youth, he owns, is indeed full of vain endeavors and of enterprises that come to nothing, but it is far more fixed32 than age in its aspirations33. His aspirations change now with such rapidity that they seem different not only from year to year, but from month to month, from day to day. He has not merely discarded his old ideals, he loathes34 them. He used to like going out to dinner, above all things; and he was fond of lunches, even of afternoon teas; but in a day, in an hour, such delights became wearinesses and vexations of spirit. Formerly he enjoyed travel with all its necessary concomitants. It amused him to check his baggage and depart from stations, to arrive at hotels and settle himself in new rooms; the very domiciliation in sleeping-cars or the domestication35 in diners had a charm which was apparently perennial36; a trip in a river-boat was rapture37; an ocean voyage was ecstasy38. The succession of strange faces, new minds, was an unfailing interest, and there was no occurrence, in or out of the ordinary, which did not give him release from self and form a true recreation. The theatre does not amuse him now, though the time has been, and lately, for the curtain, when it rose on a play, new or old, to lift his spirit with it and to hold him entranced till its fall. As for the circus, he once rejoiced in all its feats39; performing elephants could not bore him, nor acts of horsemanship stale its infinite variety. But the time has come abruptly40 when the smell of the sawdust, or the odor of the trodden weed, mixed with the aroma41 of ice-cold lemonade, is a stench in his nostrils42.
These changes of ideal have occurred, not through the failure of any powers that he can note in himself, but as part of the great change from youth to age, which he thinks is far greater morally than physically43. He is still fairly strong; he has not lost his appetite or the teeth to gratify it; he can walk his miles, always rather two than ten, and rest refreshed from them; except that he does not like to kill things, he could trudge44 the whole day through fields and woods with his gun on his shoulder; though he does not golf, and cannot know whether or no it would bore him, he likes to wield45 the axe46 and the scythe47 in the groves48 and meadows of his summer place. When he stretches himself on the breast of the mother alike of flesh and grass, it is with a delicious sense of her restorative powers and no fear of rheumatism49. If he rests a little longer than he once used, he is much more rested when he rises from his repose.
His body rejoices still in its experiences, but not his soul: it is not interested; it does not care to have known its experiences or wish to repeat them. For this reason he thinks that it is his spirit which is superannuated50, while its "muddy vesture of decay" is in very tolerable repair. His natural man is still comparatively young, and lives on in the long, long thoughts of youth; but his supernatural man has aged51, with certain moral effects which alarm his doubts of the pleasures he once predicated of eternity52. "If it is going to be like this with me!" he says to himself, and shrinks from supplying the responsive clause of his conditional53.
But mainly his mind turns upon itself in contemplation of its earthly metamorphoses, in which it hardly knows itself for the mind of the same man. Its apprehensions55 are for the time when, having exhausted56 all the differences, it shall care for none; but meanwhile it is interested in noting the absurdity57 of that conventional view of age as the period of fixed ideals. It may be the period of fixed habits, of those helpless iterances which imply no intentions or purposes; but it is not the period in which the mind continues in this or that desire and strives for its fulfilment. The same poet who sang at second hand those words of the Lapland song,
"The thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts,"
erred58, to our friend's sense, in singing of
"The young heart hot and restless,
And the old subdued59 and slow."
He believes the reverse would rightly characterize the heart of youth and the heart of age. Age is not slow in its mental motions; it is hurried and anxious, with that awful mystical apprehension54 of the swift-coming moment when time shall be no more and nothing but eternity shall be left. It is not subdued; its heart is hot with rebellion against the inevitable60. But for youth there is no inevitable; there is no conclusion, no catastrophe61, which it may not hope to escape; and, so it is patient of chances, it is glad of them. Its heart is not restless; it is quite at peace in the bosom62 which is secure of all the time there is.
Our friend believes that a variety of popular superstitions64 will fall at the recognition of the truth in this matter, and none more finally than that which attributes to the junior partner the unhappiness of those marriages in which youth and crabbed65 age try to live together. In such hazardous66 unions the junior partner is, for some unexplained reason, of the sex which has the repute of a generic67 fickleness as well as the supposed volatility68 of its fewer years. Probably repute wrongs it as much in one respect as in the other, but our friend contends only for greater justice to it in the last. In the light that he has come into, he holds that where such unions are unhappy, though they may have been formed with a fair appearance of affection, it is the senior partner who is to blame if blame may ever be attached to involuntary change. It is the senior partner who has wearied first of the companionship and wished for release with the impatience69 natural to age. This is intolerant of the annoyances70 which seem inherent in every union of the kind, and impatient of those differences of temperament which tell far more than any disparities of age, and which exist even where there are no such disparities. The intolerance, the impatience, is not more characteristic of the husband where he is the elder than of the wife in the much fewer instances of her seniority. In the unions where two old people join their faltering71 destinies, the risks of unhappiness are, logically, doubled; and our friend holds it a grotesque72 folly73 to expect anything else of marriages in which two lovers, disappointed of each other in their youth, attempt to repair the loss in their age. Where any such survive into later life, with the passion of earlier life still rife74 in their hearts, he argues that they had much better remain as they are, for in such a belated union as they aspire75 to the chances are overwhelmingly against them.
Very probably, like other discoverers, he is too much impressed with the value of his divination76. It is something that, at any rate, can appeal for recognition only to the aged or the aging. With these we could imagine it bringing a certain consolation77, a relief from vain regret, an acquittal from self-accusation. If one has suddenly changed for no apparent reason, one must be glad to find a reason in the constitution of things, and to attribute one's fickleness to one's time of life. Youth's errors have possibly been too much condoned78 upon grounds where age could more justly base its defence. It may be more reckless than age, but it is not nearly so rash. It keeps thinking its long, long thoughts and questioning the conclusions to which age eagerly hobbles or hurls79 itself from its crutches80. Youth is deliberate, for it has plenty of time, while, as our friend notes, age has little but eternity before it. Not youth, but age, leaps from life's trolley81 while it is still in motion, or, after mismeasuring the time and space, limps impatiently before it and is rolled under its fender. You may see physical proof of this difference, our friend insists, in the behavior of two people, one young and one old, at any street-crossing; and why should so many old ladies fall on the stairs, but that they are apt to precipitate21 themselves wildly from landings where young girls linger to dream yet one dream more before they glide83 slowly down to greet the young men who would willingly wait years for them?
The distrust of eternity at which our friend hints is perhaps the painfulest of his newly discovered differences between youth and age. Resting so serenely84 as it does in practically unlimited85 time, with ideals and desires which scarcely vary from year to year, youth has no fears of infinity86. It is not afraid but it shall have abundant occupation in the ?ons before it, or that its emotions or volitions shall first be exhausted. Its blithe87 notion of immortality88 is that it is immortal7 youth. It has no conception of age, and could not imagine an eternity of accomplished89 facts. It is, perhaps, for this reason that doubt of immortality never really comes to youth. One of the few things which our friend still believes is that every sceptic who deals honestly with his only history must be aware of an hour, almost a moment, of waning90 youth, when the vague potentiality of disbelief became a living doubt, thence-forward to abide91 with him till death resolve it. Endless not-being is unthinkable before that time, as after it endless being is unthinkable. Yet this unthinkable endless being is all that is left to age, and it is in the notion of it alone that age can get back to the long, long thoughts in which is surcease from unrest. Our old friend may accuse us of proposing the most impossible of paradoxes92 when we invite him to take refuge from his whirling ideals, not in an unavailing endeavor to renew the conditions of youth in time, but in the forecast of youth in eternity. We think that the error of his impatience, his despair with the state he has come to here, is largely if not wholly through his failure to realize that he is not going to wake up old in some other being, but young, and that the capacity of long, long thoughts will be renewed in him with the renewal93 of his life. The restlessness of age, its fickleness, its volatility, is the expression of immense fatigue94. It tosses from side to side and tries for this and that like a sick man from sheer weakness; or, rather, if the reader prefers another image, it is like some hapless wild thing caught by rising floods on a height of land which they must soon submerge, and running incessantly95 hither and thither96 as the water more narrowly hems82 it in.
Undoubtedly97 the mutability of age in its ideals has been increased of late by the restriction98 of human hope to the years which remain, few and brief to the longest earthly life, by the sciences which provisionally darken counsel. When these shall have penetrated99 to a point where they can discern the light, they will "pour the day" on the dim orbs100 of age and illumine the future with new hope. Then doubting age can enter into the rest now forbidden it and take its repose between illimitable horizons in the long, long thoughts of eternal youth. We speak here in behalf of the sceptic, the agnostic few. For the many who have not lost their hope because they have never lost their faith, doubtless all the trouble of change which disquiets101 our friend will seem something temperamental merely, and not something essential or inseparable from human nature. Their thoughts have remained long, their ideals steadfast17, because they have not lost the most precious jewel of their youth—the star of trust and hope which
"Flames in the forehead of the morning sky."
These are the most enviable of their kind, and there are signs that their turn may be coming once more in the primacy to which their numbers have always entitled them. Only the other day we were reading a paper by a man of that science which deals with life on strictly102 physical lines, and drawing from it an immense consolation because it reaffirmed that the soul has not only its old excuse for being in the unthinkability of an automatic universe and the necessity of an intentional103 first cause, but with Evolution, in the regard of some scientists, tottering104 on its throne, and Natural Selection entering the twilight105 into which the elder pagan deities106 have vanished, is newly warranted in claiming existence as that indestructible life-property or organizing power which characterizes kind through kind from everlasting107 to everlasting. In this consolation we seemed well on our way back to the encounter of a human spirit such as used to be rapt to heaven or cast into hell for very disproportionate merits or demerits; but we were supported for the meeting by the probability that in the fortunate event the spirit would be found issuing from all the clouds of superstition63, and when it was reconstituted in the universal belief, that the time, with eternity in its train, would have returned for fitly hailing it in the apostrophe of the Addisonian Cato:
"But thou shalt flourish in immortal youth,
Unhurt amidst the war of elements,
The wreck108 of matter, and the crush of worlds."
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1
fickle
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| adj.(爱情或友谊上)易变的，不坚定的 | |
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2
fickleness
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| n.易变；无常；浮躁；变化无常 | |
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underlie
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| v.位于...之下，成为...的基础 | |
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vent
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| n.通风口，排放口；开衩；vt.表达，发泄 | |
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vein
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| n.血管，静脉；叶脉，纹理；情绪；vt.使成脉络 | |
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6
withered
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| adj. 枯萎的，干瘪的，（人身体的部分器官）因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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7
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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immortals
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| 不朽的人物( immortal的名词复数 )； 永生不朽者 | |
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9
secular
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| n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的 | |
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10
muse
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| n.缪斯（希腊神话中的女神），创作灵感 | |
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11
fraught
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| adj.充满…的，伴有(危险等)的；忧虑的 | |
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chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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13
purport
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| n.意义，要旨，大要；v.意味著，做为...要旨，要领是... | |
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14
promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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15
murmurs
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| n.低沉、连续而不清的声音( murmur的名词复数 )；低语声；怨言；嘀咕 | |
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16
steadfastness
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| n.坚定，稳当 | |
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steadfast
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| adj.固定的，不变的，不动摇的；忠实的；坚贞不移的 | |
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persistence
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| n.坚持，持续，存留 | |
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formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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precipitated
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| v.（突如其来地）使发生( precipitate的过去式和过去分词 )；促成；猛然摔下；使沉淀 | |
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precipitate
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| adj.突如其来的；vt.使突然发生；n.沉淀物 | |
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connivance
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| n.纵容；默许 | |
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repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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25
abiding
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| adj.永久的，持久的，不变的 | |
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26
persistent
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| adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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epoch
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| n.(新)时代；历元 | |
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29
consonant
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| n.辅音；adj.[音]符合的 | |
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30
temperament
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| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
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31
precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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32
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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aspirations
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| 强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音 | |
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loathes
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| v.憎恨，厌恶( loathe的第三人称单数 )；极不喜欢 | |
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domestication
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| n.驯养，驯化 | |
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perennial
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| adj.终年的；长久的 | |
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rapture
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| n.狂喜；全神贯注；着迷；v.使狂喜 | |
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ecstasy
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| n.狂喜，心醉神怡，入迷 | |
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feats
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| 功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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aroma
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| n.香气，芬芳，芳香 | |
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nostrils
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| 鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
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43
physically
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| adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律 | |
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trudge
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| v.步履艰难地走；n.跋涉，费力艰难的步行 | |
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45
wield
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| vt.行使，运用，支配；挥，使用(武器等) | |
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axe
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| n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减 | |
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scythe
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| n. 长柄的大镰刀，战车镰； v. 以大镰刀割 | |
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groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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rheumatism
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| n.风湿病 | |
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superannuated
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| adj.老朽的，退休的；v.因落后于时代而废除，勒令退学 | |
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aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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52
eternity
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| n.不朽，来世；永恒，无穷 | |
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conditional
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| adj.条件的，带有条件的 | |
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54
apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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55
apprehensions
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| 疑惧 | |
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exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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absurdity
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| n.荒谬，愚蠢；谬论 | |
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58
erred
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| 犯错误，做错事( err的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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59
subdued
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| adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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catastrophe
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| n.大灾难，大祸 | |
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bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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superstition
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| n.迷信，迷信行为 | |
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superstitions
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| 迷信，迷信行为( superstition的名词复数 ) | |
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65
crabbed
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| adj.脾气坏的；易怒的；（指字迹）难辨认的；（字迹等）难辨认的v.捕蟹( crab的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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66
hazardous
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| adj.(有)危险的，冒险的；碰运气的 | |
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generic
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| adj.一般的，普通的，共有的 | |
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68
volatility
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| n.挥发性，挥发度，轻快，（性格）反复无常 | |
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impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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70
annoyances
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| n.恼怒( annoyance的名词复数 )；烦恼；打扰；使人烦恼的事 | |
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71
faltering
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| 犹豫的，支吾的，蹒跚的 | |
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grotesque
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| adj.怪诞的，丑陋的；n.怪诞的图案，怪人（物） | |
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folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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rife
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| adj.(指坏事情)充斥的，流行的，普遍的 | |
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aspire
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| vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于 | |
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divination
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| n.占卜，预测 | |
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consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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condoned
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| v.容忍，宽恕，原谅( condone的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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hurls
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的第三人称单数 )；大声叫骂 | |
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80
crutches
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| n.拐杖, 支柱 v.支撑 | |
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81
trolley
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| n.手推车，台车；无轨电车；有轨电车 | |
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82
hems
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| 布的褶边，贴边( hem的名词复数 )； 短促的咳嗽 | |
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83
glide
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| n./v.溜，滑行；(时间)消逝 | |
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84
serenely
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| adv.安详地，宁静地，平静地 | |
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85
unlimited
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| adj.无限的，不受控制的，无条件的 | |
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infinity
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| n.无限，无穷，大量 | |
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blithe
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| adj.快乐的，无忧无虑的 | |
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immortality
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| n.不死，不朽 | |
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89
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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90
waning
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| adj.（月亮）渐亏的，逐渐减弱或变小的n.月亏v.衰落( wane的现在分词 )；（月）亏；变小；变暗淡 | |
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abide
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| vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受 | |
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paradoxes
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| n.似非而是的隽语，看似矛盾而实际却可能正确的说法( paradox的名词复数 )；用于语言文学中的上述隽语；有矛盾特点的人[事物，情况] | |
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renewal
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| adj.(契约)延期，续订，更新，复活，重来 | |
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fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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incessantly
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| ad.不停地 | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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restriction
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| n.限制，约束 | |
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penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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100
orbs
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| abbr.off-reservation boarding school 在校寄宿学校n.球，天体，圆形物( orb的名词复数 ) | |
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101
disquiets
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| n.忧虑( disquiet的名词复数 )；不安；内心不平静；烦恼v.使不安，使忧虑，使烦恼( disquiet的第三人称单数 ) | |
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102
strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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103
intentional
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| adj.故意的，有意（识）的 | |
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104
tottering
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| adj.蹒跚的，动摇的v.走得或动得不稳( totter的现在分词 )；踉跄；蹒跚；摇摇欲坠 | |
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105
twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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106
deities
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| n.神，女神( deity的名词复数 )；神祗；神灵；神明 | |
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107
everlasting
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| adj.永恒的，持久的，无止境的 | |
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108
wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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