The tactics of the Volunteers as they began to emerge were reduced to the very skeleton of "strategy." It was only that they seized certain central and stragetical districts, garrisoned2 those and held them until they were put out of them. Once in their forts there was no further egress3 by the doors, and for purpose of entry and sortie they used the skylights and the roofs. On the roofs they had plenty of cover, and this cover conferred on them a mobility4 which was their chief asset, and which alone enabled them to protract5 the rebellion beyond the first day.
This was the entire of their home plan, and there is no doubt that they had studied Dublin roofs and means of inter-communication by roofs with the closest care. Further than that I do not think they had organised anything. But this was only the primary plan, and, unless they were entirely6 mad, there must have been a sequel to it which did not materialise, and which would have materialised but that the English Fleet blocked the way.
There is no doubt that they expected the country to rise with them, and they must have known what their own numbers were, and what chance they had of making a protracted7 resistance. The word "resistance" is the keyword of the rising, and the plan of holding out must have been rounded off with a date. At that date something else was to have happened which would relieve them.
There is not much else that could happen except the landing of German troops in Ireland or in England. It would have been, I think, immaterial to them where these were landed, but the reasoning seems to point to the fact that they expected and had arranged for such a landing, although on this point there is as yet no evidence.
The logic8 of this is so simple, so plausible9, that it might be accepted without further examination, and yet further examination is necessary, for in a country like Ireland logic and plausibility10 are more often wrong than right. It may just as easily be that except for furnishing some arms and ammunition11 Germany was not in the rising at all, and this I prefer to believe. It had been current long before the rising that the Volunteers knew they could not seriously embarass England, and that their sole aim was to make such a row in Ireland that the Irish question would take the status of an international one, and on the discussion of terms of peace in the European war the claims of Ireland would have to be considered by the whole Council of Europe and the world.
That is, in my opinion, the metaphysic behind the rising. It is quite likely that they hoped for German aid, possibly some thousands of men, who would enable them to prolong the row, but I do not believe they expected German armies, nor do I think they would have welcomed these with any cordiality.
In this insurrection there are two things which are singular in the history of Irish risings. One is that there were no informers, or there were no informers among the chiefs. I did hear people say in the streets that two days before the rising they knew it was to come; they invariably added that they had not believed the news, and had laughed at it. A priest said the same thing in my hearing, and it may be that the rumour12 was widely spread, and that everybody, including the authorities, looked upon it as a joke.
The other singularity of the rising is the amazing silence in which it was fought. Nothing spoke13 but the guns; and the Volunteers on the one side and the soldiers on the other potted each other and died in whispers; it might have been said that both sides feared the Germans would hear them and take advantage of their preoccupation.
There is a third reason given for the rebellion, and it also is divorced from foreign plots. It is said, and the belief in Dublin was widespread, that the Government intended to raid the Volunteers and seize their arms. One remembers to-day the paper which Alderman Kelly read to the Dublin Corporation, and which purported14 to be State Instructions that the Military and Police should raid the Volunteers, and seize their arms and leaders. The Volunteers had sworn they would not permit their arms to be taken from them. A list of the places to be raided was given, and the news created something of a sensation in Ireland when it was published that evening. The Press, by instruction apparently15, repudiated16 this document, but the Volunteers, with most of the public, believed it to be true, and it is more than likely that the rebellion took place in order to forestall17 the Government.
This is also an explanation of the rebellion, and is just as good a one as any other. It is the explanation which I believe to be the true one.
All the talk of German invasion and the landing of German troops in Ireland is so much nonsense in view of the fact that England is master of the seas, and that from a week before the war down to this date she has been the undisputed monarch18 of those ridges19. During this war there will be no landing of troops in either England or Ireland unless Germany in the meantime can solve the problem of submarine transport. It is a problem which will be solved some day, for every problem can be solved, but it will hardly be during the progress of this war. The men at the head of the Volunteers were not geniuses, neither were they fools, and the difficulty of acquiring military aid from Germany must have seemed as insurmountable to them as it does to the Germans themselves. They rose because they felt that they had to do so, or be driven like sheep into the nearest police barracks, and be laughed at by the whole of Ireland as cowards and braggarts.
It would be interesting to know why, on the eve of the insurrection, Professor MacNeill resigned the presidency20 of the Volunteers. The story of treachery which was heard in the streets is not the true one, for men of his type are not traitors21, and this statement may be dismissed without further comment or notice. One is left to imagine what can have happened during the conference which is said to have preceded the rising, and which ended with the resignation of Professor MacNeill.
This is my view, or my imagining, of what occurred. The conference was called because the various leaders felt that a hostile movement was projected by the Government, and that the times were exceedingly black for them. Neither Mr. Birrell nor Sir Mathew Nathan had any desire that there should be a conflict in Ireland during the war. This cannot be doubted. From such a conflict there might follow all kinds of political repercussions22; but although the Government favoured the policy of laissez faire, there was a powerful military and political party in Ireland whose whole effort was towards the disarming23 and punishment of the Volunteers—particularly I should say the punishment of the Volunteers. I believe, or rather I imagine, that Professor MacNeill was approached at the instance of Mr. Birrell or Sir Mathew Nathan and assured that the Government did not meditate24 any move against his men, and that so long as his Volunteers remained quiet they would not be molested25 by the authorities. I would say that Professor MacNeill gave and accepted the necessary assurances, and that when he informed his conference of what had occurred, and found that they did not believe faith would be kept with them, he resigned in the dispairing hope that his action might turn them from a purpose which he considered lunatic, or, at least, by restraining a number of his followers26 from rising, he might limit the tale of men who would be uselessly killed.
He was not alone in his vote against a rising. The O'Rahilly and some others are reputed to have voted with him, but when insurrection was decided27 on, the O'Rahilly marched with his men, and surely a gallant28 man could not have done otherwise.
When the story of what occurred is authoritatively29 written (it may be written) I think that this will be found to be the truth of the matter, and that German intrigue30 and German money counted for so little in the insurrection as to be negligible.
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1
simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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2
garrisoned
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| 卫戍部队守备( garrison的过去式和过去分词 )； 派部队驻防 | |
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3
egress
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| n.出去；出口 | |
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mobility
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| n.可动性，变动性，情感不定 | |
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protract
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| v.延长，拖长 | |
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6
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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7
protracted
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| adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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8
logic
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| n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性 | |
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9
plausible
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| adj.似真实的，似乎有理的，似乎可信的 | |
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plausibility
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| n. 似有道理, 能言善辩 | |
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11
ammunition
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| n.军火，弹药 | |
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12
rumour
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| n.谣言，谣传，传闻 | |
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13
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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14
purported
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| adj.传说的，谣传的v.声称是…，（装得）像是…的样子( purport的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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15
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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16
repudiated
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| v.（正式地）否认( repudiate的过去式和过去分词 )；拒绝接受；拒绝与…往来；拒不履行（法律义务） | |
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forestall
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| vt.抢在…之前采取行动；预先阻止 | |
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monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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ridges
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| n.脊( ridge的名词复数 )；山脊；脊状突起；大气层的)高压脊 | |
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20
presidency
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| n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期) | |
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21
traitors
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| 卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 )； 叛徒； 背叛者； 背信弃义的人 | |
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repercussions
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| n.后果，反响( repercussion的名词复数 )；余波 | |
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23
disarming
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| adj.消除敌意的，使人消气的v.裁军( disarm的现在分词 )；使息怒 | |
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meditate
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| v.想，考虑，（尤指宗教上的）沉思，冥想 | |
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molested
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| v.骚扰( molest的过去式和过去分词 )；干扰；调戏；猥亵 | |
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26
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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27
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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28
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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authoritatively
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| 命令式地，有权威地，可信地 | |
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30
intrigue
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| vt.激起兴趣，迷住；vi.耍阴谋；n.阴谋，密谋 | |
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