Of the premonitions of history there are many, too familiar to need more than a passing allusion1 here. The leading case is, of course, the dream of Pilate's wife, which, if it had been attended to, might have averted2 the crucifixion. But there again foreknowledge was impotent against fate. Calphurnia, C?sar's wife, in like manner strove in vain to avert3 the doom4 of her lord. There is no story more trite5 than that which tells of the apparition6 which warned Brutus that C?sar would make Philippi his trysting-place. In these cases the dreams occurred to those closely associated with the doomed7. One of the best known of dream presentiments8 in English history occurred to a person who had no connection with the victim. The assassination9 of Mr. Perceval in the Lobby of the House of Commons was foreseen in the minutest detail by John Williams, a Cornish mine manager, eight or nine days before the assassination took place. Three times over he dreamed that he saw a small man, dressed in a blue coat and white waistcoat, enter the Lobby of the House of Commons, when immediately another person, dressed in a snuff-coloured coat, took a pistol from under his coat and shot the little man in his left breast. On asking who the sufferer was he was informed that it was Mr. Perceval, Chancellor10 of the Exchequer11. He was so much impressed by the dream that he consulted his friends as to whether he should not go up to London and warn Mr. Perceval. Unfortunately they dissuaded12 him, and on May 13th the news arrived that Mr. Perceval had been killed on the 11th. Some time afterwards, when he saw a picture of the scene of the assassination, it reproduced all the details of the thrice-dreamed vision. There does not seem to have been any connection between Mr. Williams and Mr. Perceval, nor does there seem to have been any reason why it should have been revealed to him rather than to any one else.
The Inner Light of the Quakers.
The Quakers, whether it is because they allow their Unconscious Personality to have more say in their lives than others who do not practise quietism as a religion, or whether it be from any other cause, it is difficult to say, seem to have more than their fair share of premonitions. Every one remembers how George Fox saw a "waft13" of death go out against Oliver Cromwell when he met him riding at Hampton Court the day before he was prostrated14 with his fatal illness. Fox was full of visions. He foresaw the expulsion of the "Rump", the restoration of Charles II., and the Fire of London. Stephen Grellet is another notable Friend who was constantly foreseeing things. He not only foresaw things himself, but his faculty15 seemed to bring him into contact with others who foresaw things; and in his Life there is an excellent instance of a premonitory dream, told by Countess Tontschkoff three months before Napoleon's Invasion. The countess, whose husband was a general in the Russian army, dreamed that her father came to the room, holding her only son by the hand, and, in a tone of great sadness, said, "All thy comforts are gone; thy husband has fallen at Borodino."
As her husband at that time was sleeping beside her she dismissed the matter as a mere16 dream. But when it was repeated a second and a third time, she awoke her husband and asked him where Borodino was. She told him her dream, and they searched through the maps with the greatest care, but could not discover any such place. Three months later Napoleon entered Russia, and fought the bloody17 battle which opened the way to Moscow near the river Borodino, from which an obscure village takes its name. Her father holding her son by the hand, announced her husband's death, in the exact terms that she had heard him use in her dream three months before. She instantly recognised the inn in which she was then staying as the place that she had seen in her dream.
Goethe's Grandfather.
Goethe, in his Autobiography18, records the fact that his maternal19 grandfather had a premonition of his election to the aldermanic dignity, not unlike that which I had about my premotion to the Pall20 Mall. Goethe writes:—
"We knew well enough that he was often informed, in remarkable21 dreams, of things which were to happen. For example, he assured his wife, at a time when he was still one of the youngest magistrates22, that at the very next vacancy23 he should be appointed to a seat on the board of aldermen. And when, very soon after, one of the aldermen was struck with a fatal stroke of apoplexy, he ordered that on the day when the choice was to be made by lot the house should be arranged and everything prepared to receive the guests coming to congratulate him on his elevation24; and, sure enough, it was for him that the golden ball was drawn25 which decides the choice of aldermen in Frankfort. The dream which foreshadowed to him this event he confided26 to his wife as follows: He found himself in session with his colleagues, and everything was going on as usual, when an alderman, the same who afterwards died, descended27 from his seat, came to my grandfather, politely begged him to take his place, and then left the chamber28. Something similar happened on the provost's death. It was usual in such cases to make great haste to fill the vacancy, seeing that there was always ground to fear that the Emperor, who used to nominate the provost, would some day or other reassert his ancient privilege. On this particular occasion the sheriff received orders at midnight to call an extra session for the next morning. When in his rounds the officer reached my grandfather's house, he begged for another bit of candle to replace that which had just burned down in his lantern. 'Give him a whole candle,' said my grandfather to the woman; 'it is for me he is taking all this trouble.' The event justified29 his words. He was actually chosen provost. And it is worthy30 of notice that the person who drew in his stead, having the third and last chance, the two silver balls were drawn first, and thus the golden one remained for him at the bottom of the bag." (Quoted by Owen, in "Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World.")
Miss X.'s Dogcart.
Some people have this gift of seeing in advance very much developed. There is, for instance, Miss X——, of the Psychical31 Research Society, whose exploits in seeing a dogcart and its passengers half an hour before they really arrived, has taken its place as the classical illustration of this fantastic faculty of intermittent32 foresight33. As the story is so well authenticated34, and has become a leading case in the discussion, I reprint the passage in which it occurs from the "Proceedings35 of the Psychical Research Society."
The narrative36 is by a friend of the recipient:—
"About eight years ago (April, 1882), X. and I were staying in a country house, in a neighbourhood quite strange to us both. One morning, soon after our arrival, we drove with a party of four or five others in a waggonette to the neighbouring town, and, on our return, as we came in sight of the house, X. remarked to our hostess, 'You have very early visitors; who are your friends?'
"We all turned to find the cause of the question, but could see no one, and as we were still in view of the front door on which Miss X.'s eyes were fixed37, we asked her what she could possibly be dreaming of. She then described to us, the more minutely that we all joined in absolute denial of the existence of anything at all, the appearance of a dog-cart standing38 at the door of the house with a white horse and two men, one of whom had got down and was talking to a terrier; she even commented upon the dress of one of the gentlemen, who was wearing an ulster, she said, a detail which we certainly should not have supposed it possible for her to recognise at such a distance from the spot. As we drove up the drive X. drew attention to the fresh wheel marks, but here also we were all unable to see as she did, and when we arrived at the house and found no sign of cart and visitors, and on inquiry39 learned that no one had been near in our absence, we naturally treated the whole story as a mistake, caused by X.'s somewhat short sight.
"Shortly after she and I were in an upstairs room in the front of the house, when the sound of wheels was heard, and I went to the window to see what it might be. 'There's your dog-cart, after all!' I exclaimed; for there before the door was the identical dog-cart as X. had described it, correct in every detail, one of the gentlemen—having got down to ring the bell—being at the moment engaged in playing with a small fox-terrier. The visitors were strangers to our friends—officers from the barracks near, who had driven over with an invitation to a ball.
"C. having read over D.'s account, had added, 'This is substantially the same account as I heard from one of the party in the carriage.' Mr. Myers adds, 'I heard C., an old family servant, tell the story independently with the same details.'
"Both D. and I were surprised at her accurate knowledge of the story, which she had not learnt from us, but from another lady present on the occasion." ("Proceedings of the Psychical Research Society," Vol. VI. p. 374.)
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1
allusion
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| n.暗示，间接提示 | |
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averted
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| 防止，避免( avert的过去式和过去分词 )； 转移 | |
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avert
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| v.防止，避免；转移(目光、注意力等) | |
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doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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trite
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| adj.陈腐的 | |
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apparition
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| n.幽灵，神奇的现象 | |
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doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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presentiments
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| n.（对不祥事物的）预感( presentiment的名词复数 ) | |
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assassination
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| n.暗杀；暗杀事件 | |
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chancellor
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| n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长 | |
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exchequer
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| n.财政部；国库 | |
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dissuaded
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| 劝（某人）勿做某事，劝阻( dissuade的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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waft
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| v.飘浮，飘荡；n.一股；一阵微风；飘荡 | |
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prostrated
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| v.使俯伏，使拜倒( prostrate的过去式和过去分词 )；（指疾病、天气等）使某人无能为力 | |
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faculty
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| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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autobiography
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| n.自传 | |
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maternal
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| adj.母亲的，母亲般的，母系的，母方的 | |
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pall
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| v.覆盖，使平淡无味；n.柩衣，棺罩；棺材；帷幕 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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magistrates
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| 地方法官，治安官( magistrate的名词复数 ) | |
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vacancy
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| n.（旅馆的）空位，空房，（职务的）空缺 | |
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elevation
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| n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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confided
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| v.吐露（秘密，心事等）( confide的过去式和过去分词 )；（向某人）吐露（隐私、秘密等） | |
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descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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justified
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| a.正当的，有理的 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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psychical
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| adj.有关特异功能现象的；有关特异功能官能的；灵魂的；心灵的 | |
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intermittent
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| adj.间歇的，断断续续的 | |
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foresight
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| n.先见之明，深谋远虑 | |
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authenticated
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| v.证明是真实的、可靠的或有效的( authenticate的过去式和过去分词 )；鉴定，使生效 | |
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proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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