Royal.
Henry IV., of France, told d'Aubigné (see d'Aubigné Histoire Universelle) that in presence of himself, the Archbishop of Lyons, and three ladies of the Court, the Queen (Margaret of Valois) saw the apparition3 of a certain cardinal4 afterwards found to have died at the moment. Also he (Henry IV.) was warned of his approaching end, not long before he was murdered by Ravaillac, by meeting an apparition in a thicket6 in Fontainebleau. ("Sully's Memoirs7.")
Abel the Fratricide, King of Denmark was buried in unconsecrated ground, and still haunts the wood of Poole, near the city of Sleswig.
Valdemar IV. haunts Gurre Wood, near Elsinore.
Charles XI., of Sweden, accompanied by his chamberlain and state physician, witnessed the trial of the assassin of Gustavus III., which occurred nearly a century later.
James IV., of Scotland, after vespers in the chapel9 at Linlithgow, was warned by an apparition against his intended expedition into England. He, however, proceeded, and was warned again at Jedburgh, but, persisting, fell at Flodden Field.
Charles I., of England, when resting at Daventree on the Eve of the battle of Naseby, was twice visited by the apparition of Strafford, warning him not to meet the Parliamentary Army, then quartered at Northampton. Being persuaded by Prince Rupert to disregard the warning, the King set off to march northward10, but was surprised on the route, and a disastrous11 defeat followed.
Orleans, Duke of, brother of Louis XIV., called his eldest12 son (afterwards Regent) by his second title, Duc de Chartres, in preference to the more usual one of Duc de Valois. This change is said to have been in consequence of a communication made before his birth by the apparition of his father's first wife, Henrietta of England, reported to have been poisoned.
Historical Women.
Elizabeth, Queen is said to have been warned of her death by the apparition of her own double. (So, too, Sir Robert Napier and Lady Diana Rich.)
Catherine de Medicis saw, in a vision, the battle of Jarnac, and cried out, "Do you not see the Prince of Condé dead in the hedge?" This and many similar stories are told by Margaret of Valois in her Memoirs.
Philippa, Wife of the Duke of Lorraine, when a girl in a convent, saw in vision the battle of Pavia, then in progress, and the captivity13 of the king her cousin, and called on the nuns14 about her to pray.
Joan of Arc was visited and directed by various Saints, including the Archangel Michael, S. Catherine, S. Margaret, etc.
Lord Chancellors16.
Erskine, Lord, himself relates (Lady Morgan's "Book of the Boudoir," 1829, vol. i. 123) that the spectre of his father's butler, whom he did not know to be dead, appeared to him in broad daylight, "to meet your honour," so it explained, "and to solicit17 your interference with my lord to recover a sum due to me which the steward18 at the last settlement did not pay," which proved to be the fact.
Cabinet Ministers.
Buckingham, Duke of, was exhorted20 to amendment21 and warned of approaching assassination22 by apparition of his father, Sir George Villiers, who was seen by Mr. Towers, surveyor of works at Windsor. All occurred as foretold23.
Castlereagh, Lord (who succeeded the above as Foreign Secretary), when a young man, quartered with his regiment24 in Ireland, saw the apparition of "The Radiant Boy," said to be an omen5 of good. Sir Walter Scott speaks of him as one of two persons "of sense and credibility, who both attested25 supernatural appearances on their own evidence."
Peel, Sir Robert, and his brother, both saw Lord Byron in London in 1810, while he was, in fact, lying dangerously ill at Patras. During the same fever, he also appeared to others, and was even seen to write down his name among the inquirers after the King's health.
Emperors.
Trajan, Emperor, was extricated26 from Antioch during an earthquake, by a spectre which drove him out of a window. (Dio Cassius, lib. lxviii.)
Caracalla, Emperor, was visited by the ghost of his father Severus.
Julian the Apostate27, Emperor, (1) when hesitating to accept the Empire, saw a female figure, "The Genius of the Empire," who said she would remain with him, but not for long. (2) Shortly before his death, he saw his genius leave him with a dejected air. (3) He saw a phantom28 prognosticating the death of the Emperor Constans. (See S. Basil.)
Theodosius, Emperor, when on the eve of a battle, was reassured29 of the issue by the apparition of two men; also seen independently by one of his soldiers.
Soldiers.
Curtius Rufus (pro-consul of Africa) is reported by Pliny to have been visited, while still young and unknown, by a gigantic female—the Genius of Africa—who foretold his career. (Pliny, b. vii. letter 26.)
Julius C?sar was marshalled across the Rubicon by a spectre, which seized a trumpet30 from one of the soldiers and sounded an alarm.
Xerxes, after giving up the idea of carrying war into Greece, was persuaded to the expedition by the apparition of a young man, who also visited Artabanus, uncle to the king, when, upon Xerxes' request, Artabanus assumed his robe and occupied his place. (Herodotus, vii.)
Brutus was visited by a spectre, supposed to be that of Julius C?sar, who announced that they would meet again at Philippi, where he was defeated in battle, and put an end to his own life.
Drusus, when seeking to cross the Elbe, was deterred31 by a female spectre, who told him to turn back and meet his approaching end. He died before reaching the Rhine.
Pausanius, General of the Laced?monians, inadvertently caused the death of a young lady of good family, who haunted him day and night, urging him to give himself up to justice. (Plutarch in Simone.)
Dio, General, of Syracuse, saw a female apparition sweeping32 furiously in his house, to denote that his family would shortly be swept out of Syracuse, which, through various accidents was shortly the case.
Napoleon, at S. Helena, saw and conversed33 with the apparition of Josephine, who warned him of his approaching death. The story is narrated34 by Count Montholon, to whom he told it.
Blucher, on the very day of his decease, related to the King of Prussia that he had been warned by the apparition of his entire family, of his approaching end.
Fox, General, went to Flanders with the Duke of York shortly before the birth of his son. Two years later he had a vision of the child—dead—and correctly described its appearance and surroundings, though the death occurred in a house unknown to him.
Garfield, General, when a child of six or seven, saw and conversed with his father, lately deceased. He also had a premonition, which proved correct, as to the date of his death—the anniversary of the battle of Wickmauga, in which he took a brave part.
Lincoln, President, had a certain premonitory dream which occurred three times in relation to important battles, and the fourth on the eve of his assassination.
Coligni, Admiral, was three times warned to quit Paris before the Feast of St. Bartholemew but disregarded the premonition and perished in the Massacre35 (1572).
Men of Letters.
Petrarch saw the apparition of the bishop2 of his diocese at the moment of death.
Epimenides, a poet contemporary with Salon36, is reported by Plutarch to have quitted his body at will and to have conversed with spirits.
Dante, Jacopo, son of the poet, was visited in a dream by his father, who conversed with him and told him where to find the missing thirteen cantos of the Commedia.
Tasso saw and conversed with beings invisible to those about him.
Goethe saw his own double riding by his side under conditions which really occurred years later. His father, mother, and grandmother were all ghost-seers.
Donne, Dr., when in Paris, saw the apparition of his wife in London carrying a dead child at the very hour a dead infant was in fact born.
Byron, Lord is said to have seen the Black Friar of Newstead on the eve of his ill-fated marriage. Also, with others, he saw the apparition of Shelley walk into a wood at Lerici, though they knew him at the time to be several miles away.
Shelley, while in a state of trance, saw a figure wrapped in a cloak which beckoned37 to him and asked, Siete soddisfatto?—are you satisfied?
Benvenuto Cellini, when in captivity at Rome by order of the Pope, was dissuaded38 from suicide by the apparition of a young man who frequently visited and encouraged him.
Mozart was visited by a mysterious person who ordered him to compose a Requiem39, and came frequently to inquire after its progress, but disappeared on its completion, which occurred just in time for its performance at Mozart's own funeral.
Ben Jonson, when staying at Sir Robert Cotton's house, was visited by the apparition of his eldest son with a mark of a bloody40 cross upon his forehead at the moment of his death by the plague. He himself told the story to Drummond of Hawthornden.
Thackeray, W. M. writes, "It is all very well for you who have probably never seen spirit manifestations41, to talk as you do, but had you seen what I have witnessed you would hold a different opinion."
Mrs. Browning's spirit appeared to her sister with warning of death. Robert Browning writes, Tuesday, July 21st, 1863, "Arabel (Miss Barrett) told me yesterday that she had been much agitated42 by a dream which happened the night before—Sunday, July 19th. She saw her, and asked, When shall I be with you? The reply was, Dearest, in five years, where upon Arabel awoke. She knew in her dream that it was not to the living she spoke43." In five years, within a month of their completion, Miss Barrett died, and Browning writes, "I had forgotten the date of the dream, and supposed it was only three years, and that two had still to run."
Hall, Bishop, and his brother, when at Cambridge each had a vision of their mother looking sadly at them, and saying she would not be able to keep her promise of visiting them. She died at the time.
Dr. Guthrie was directed, by repeated pullings at his coat, to go in a certain direction, contrary to previous intention, and was thus the means of saving the life of a parishioner.
Miller44, Hugh, tells, in his "Schools and Schoolmasters," of the apparition of a bloody hand, seen by himself and the servant but not by others present. Accepted as a warning of the death of his father.
Porter, Anna Maria, when living at Esher, was visited one afternoon by an old gentleman—a neighbour, who frequently came in to tea. On this occasion he left the room without speaking, and fearing that something had happened she sent to inquire, and found that he had died at the moment of his appearance.
Edgworth, Maria, was waiting with her family for an expected guest, when the vacant chair was suddenly occupied by the apparition of a sailor cousin, who stated that his ship had been wrecked45 and he alone saved. The event proved the contrary—he alone was drowned.
Marryat, Captain—the story is told by his daughter—while staying in a country-house in the North of England saw the family ghost—an ancestress of the time of Queen Elizabeth who had poisoned her husband. He tried to shoot her, but the ball passed harmlessly into the door behind, and the lady faded away—always smiling.
De Stael, Madame, was haunted by the spirit of her father, who counselled and helped her in all times of need.
L.E.L.'s ghost was seen by Dr. Madden in the room in which she died at Cape46 Coast Castle.
De Morgan, Professor, writes: "I am perfectly47 convinced that I have both seen and heard, in a manner that should make unbelief impossible, things called spiritual which cannot be taken by a rational being to be capable of explanation by imposture48, coincidence, or mistake."
Foote, Samuel, in the year 1740, while visiting at his father's house in Truro, was kept awake by sounds of sweet music. His uncle was about the same time murdered by assassins.
Men of Science.
Davy, Sir Humphrey, when a young man, suffering from yellow fever on the Gold Coast, was comforted by visions of his guardian49 angel, who, years after, appeared to him again—incarnate—in the person of his nurse during his last illness.
Harvey, William, the discoverer of the circulation of the blood, used to relate that his life was saved by a dream. When a young man he was proceeding50 to Padua, when he was detained—with no reason alleged—by the governor at Dover. The ship was wrecked, and all on board lost, and it was then explained that the governor had received orders—in a dream—to prevent a person, to whose description Harvey answered, from going on board that night.
Farquhar, Sir Walter, physician (made a baronet in 1796), visited a patient at Pomeroy Castle. While waiting alone a lady appeared to him, exhibiting agony and remorse51 (who proved to be the family ghost) prognosticating, the death of the patient, which followed.
Clark, Sir James, Wife of, while living in their house in Brook52 Street, saw the apparition of her son, Dr. J. Clark, then in India, carrying a dead baby wrapped in an Indian shawl. Shortly afterwards, he did, in fact, send home the body of a child for interment, which had died at the hour noted53, to fill up the coffin54 it was wrapped up in an Indian scarf.
Herbert of Cherbury, Lord, one of the first to systematise deism, when in doubt whether he should publish his "De Veritate," as advised by Grotius, prayed for a sign, and heard sounds "like nothing on earth, which did so comfort and cheer me, that I took my petition as granted."
Bacon, Francis, was warned in a dream of his father's approaching end, which occurred in a few days.
Theologians.
Luther, Martin, was visited by apparitions55,—one, according to Melancthon, who announced his coming by knocking at the door.
Melancthon says that the apparition of a venerable person came to him in his study and told him to warn his friend Grynaeus to escape at once from the danger of the Inquisition, a warning which saved his life.
Zwingli was visited by an apparition "with a perversion56 of a text of Scripture57."
Oberlin, Pastor58, was visited almost daily by his deceased wife, who conversed with him, and was visible not only to himself, but to all about him.
Fox, George, while walking on Pendle Hill, Yorkshire, saw his future converts coming towards him "along a river-side, to serve the Lord."
Newman, Cardinal, relates in a letter, Jan. 3rd, 1833, that when in quarantine in Malta, he and his companions heard footsteps not to be accounted for by human agency.
Wilberforce, Bishop, experienced remarkable59 premonitions, and phenomena60 even more startling are attributed to him.
Saints.—The stories of visions, apparitions, etc. which are told in connection with the Saints are far too numerous to quote. The following, however, may be referred to as of special interest:—(1) Phantasms of the Living.—St. Ignatius Loyala, Gennadius (the friend of St. Augustine), St. Augustine himself, twice over (he tells the story himself, Serm. 233), St. Benedict and St. Meletius, all appeared during life in places distant from their actual bodily whereabouts. (2) Phantasms of the Dead.—St. Anselm saw the slain61 body of William Rufus, St. Basil that of Julian the Apostate, St. Benedict the ascent62 to heaven of the soul of St. Germanus, bishop of Capua—all at the moment of death. St. Augustine and St. Edmund, Archbishops of Canterbury, are said to have conversed with spirits. St. Ambrose and St. Martin of Tours received information concerning relics63 from the original owners of the remains64. (3) Premonitions.—St. Cyprian and St. Columba each foretold the date and manner of his own death as revealed in visions.
Miscellaneous.
Harcourt, Countess when Lady Nuneham, mentioned one morning having had an agitating65 dream, but was met with ridicule66. Later in the day Lord Harcourt—her husband's father—was missing. She exclaimed, "Look in the well," and fainted away. He was found there with a dog, which he had been trying to save.
Aksakoff, Mme., wife of Chancellor15 Aksakoff, on the night of May 12th, 1855, saw the apparition of her brother, who died at the time. The story is one very elaborate as to detail.
Rich, Lady Diana, was warned of her death by a vision of her own double in the avenue of Holland House.
Breadalbane, May, Lady, her sister (both daughters of Lord Holland), was also warned in vision of her death.
The Daughter of Sir Charles Lee.—This story, related by the Bishop of Gloucester, 1662, is very well known. On the eve of her intended marriage with Sir W. Perkins, she was visited by her mother's spirit, announcing her approaching death at twelve o'clock next day. She occupied the intervening time with suitable preparations, and died calmly at the hour foretold.
Beresford, Lady, wife of Sir Tristam, before her marriage in 1687, made a secret engagement with Lord Tyrone, that which ever should die first would appear to the other. He fulfilled his promise on October 15th, 1693, and warned her of her death on her forty-eighth birthday. All was kept secret, but after the fated day had passed, she married a second time, and appeared to enter on a new lease of life. Two years later, when celebrating her birthday, she accidentally discovered that she was two years younger than had been supposed, and expired before night. The story is one of the best known and most interesting in ghost-lore.
Fanshawe, Lady, when visiting in Ireland, heard the banshee of the family with whom she was visiting, one of whom did in fact die during the night. She also relates (in her "Memoirs," p. 28) that her mother once lay as dead for two days and a night. On her return to life she informed those about her that she had asked of two apparitions, dressed in long, white garments, for leave, like Hezekiah, to live for fifteen years, to see her daughter grow up, and that it was granted. She died in fifteen years from that time.
Maidstone, Lady, saw a fly of fire as premonitory of the deaths—first, of her husband, who died in a sea-fight with the Dutch, May 28th, 1672, and second, of her mother-in-law, Lady Winchilsea.
Chedworth, Lord, was visited by a friend and fellow-sceptic, saying he had died that night and had realised the existence of another world. While relating the vision the news arrived of his friend's death.
Rambouillet, Marquis of, had just the same experience. A fellow-unbeliever, his cousin, the Marquis de Précy, visited him in Paris, saying that he had been killed in battle in Flanders, and predicting his cousin's death in action, which shortly occurred in the battle of the Faubourg St. Antoine. (Quoted by Calmet from "Causes Célebres," xi. 370.)
Lyttleton, Lord (third), died Nov. 27th, 1799, was warned of his death three days earlier, and exhorted to repentance67. The story, very widely quoted, first appears in the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. lxxxv. 597. He also himself appeared to Mr. Andrews, at Dartford Mills, who was expecting a visit from him at the time.
Middleton, Lord, was taken prisoner by the Roundheads after the battle of Worcester. While in prison he was comforted by the apparition of the laird Bocconi, whom he had known while trying to make a party for the king in Scotland, and who assured him of his escape in two days, which occurred.
Balcarres, Lord, when confined in Edinburgh Castle on suspicion of Jacobitism, was visited by the apparition of Viscount Dundee—shot at that moment at Killiecrankie.
Holland, Lord (the first), who was taken prisoner at the battle of St. Neot's in 1624, is said still to haunt Holland House, dressed in the cap and clothes in which he was executed.
Montgomery, Count of, was warned by an apparition to flee from Paris, and thus escaped the Massacre of St. Bartholemew. (See Coligni.)
Shelburne, Lord, eldest son of the Marquis of Lansdowne, is said, in Mrs. Schimmelpenninck's Memoirs, to have had, when five years old, a premonitory vision of his own funeral, with full details as to stoppages, etc. Dr. Priestley was sent for, and treated the child for slight fever. When about to visit his patient (whom he expected to find recovered) a few days later, he met the child running bare-headed in the snow. When he approached to rebuke68 him the figure disappeared, and he found that the boy had died at the moment. The funeral was arranged by the father—then at a distance—exactly in accordance with the premonition.
Eglinton, Lord, was three times warned of his death by the apparition of the family ghost, the Bodach Glas—the dark-grey man. The last appearance was when he was playing golf on the links at St. Andrews, October 4th, 1861. He died before night.
Cornwall, the Duke of, in 1100, saw the spectre of William Rufus pierced by an arrow and dragged by the devil in the form of a buck19, on the same day that he was killed. (Story told in the "Chronicle of Matthew Paris.")
Chesterfield, Earl of (second), in 1652, saw, on waking, a spectre with long white robes and black face. Accepting it as intimation of some illness of his wife, then visiting her father at Networth, he set off early to inquire, and met a servant with a letter from Lady Chesterfield, describing the same apparition.
Mohun, Lord, killed in a duel69 in Chelsea Fields, appeared at the moment of his death, in 1642, to a lady in James's Street, Covent Garden, and also to the sister (and her maid) of Glanvil (author of "Sadducismus Triumphatus").
Swifte, Edmund Lenthal, keeper of the Crown jewels from 1814, himself relates (in Notes and Queries70, 1860, p. 192) the appearance, in Anne Boleyn's chamber8 in the Tower, of "a cylindrical71 figure like a glass tube, hovering72 between the table and the ceiling"—visible to himself and his wife, but not to others present.
The End
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varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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apparition
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| n.幽灵，神奇的现象 | |
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cardinal
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omen
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thicket
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memoirs
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| n.回忆录；回忆录传( mem,自oir的名词复数) | |
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chamber
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chapel
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northward
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disastrous
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| adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的 | |
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eldest
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captivity
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nuns
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| n.（通常指基督教的）修女， （佛教的）尼姑( nun的名词复数 ) | |
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chancellor
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| n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长 | |
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chancellors
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| 大臣( chancellor的名词复数 )； （某些美国大学的）校长； （德国或奥地利的）总理； （英国大学的）名誉校长 | |
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solicit
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| vi.勾引；乞求；vt.请求，乞求；招揽(生意) | |
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steward
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buck
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| n.雄鹿，雄兔；v.马离地跳跃 | |
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exhorted
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| v.劝告，劝说( exhort的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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amendment
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assassination
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| n.暗杀；暗杀事件 | |
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foretold
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regiment
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attested
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| adj.经检验证明无病的，经检验证明无菌的v.证明( attest的过去式和过去分词 )；证实；声称…属实；使宣誓 | |
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extricated
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apostate
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phantom
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reassured
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| adj.使消除疑虑的；使放心的v.再保证，恢复信心( reassure的过去式和过去分词) | |
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trumpet
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deterred
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sweeping
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conversed
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narrated
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massacre
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salon
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| n.[法]沙龙；客厅；营业性的高级服务室 | |
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beckoned
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dissuaded
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requiem
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| n.安魂曲，安灵曲 | |
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bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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manifestations
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| n.表示，显示（manifestation的复数形式） | |
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agitated
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| adj.被鼓动的，不安的 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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miller
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| n.磨坊主 | |
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wrecked
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| adj.失事的，遇难的 | |
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cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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imposture
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| n.冒名顶替，欺骗 | |
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guardian
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| n.监护人；守卫者，保护者 | |
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proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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remorse
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| n.痛恨，悔恨，自责 | |
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brook
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| n.小河，溪；v.忍受，容让 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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coffin
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| n.棺材，灵柩 | |
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apparitions
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| n.特异景象( apparition的名词复数 )；幽灵；鬼；（特异景象等的）出现 | |
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perversion
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| n.曲解；堕落；反常 | |
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scripture
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| n.经文，圣书，手稿；Scripture:(常用复数)《圣经》，《圣经》中的一段 | |
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pastor
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| n.牧师，牧人 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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phenomena
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| n.现象 | |
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slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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ascent
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| n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高 | |
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relics
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| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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agitating
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| 搅动( agitate的现在分词 )； 激怒； 使焦虑不安； （尤指为法律、社会状况的改变而）激烈争论 | |
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ridicule
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| v.讥讽，挖苦；n.嘲弄 | |
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repentance
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| n.懊悔 | |
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rebuke
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| v.指责，非难，斥责 [反]praise | |
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duel
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| n./v.决斗；(双方的)斗争 | |
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queries
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| n.问题( query的名词复数 )；疑问；询问；问号v.质疑，对…表示疑问( query的第三人称单数 )；询问 | |
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cylindrical
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| adj.圆筒形的 | |
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hovering
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| 鸟( hover的现在分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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