The results were graver than he could foresee. More than once he was compelled to face the issue of its repeal3 as the only way to forestall4 a counter revolution in the North.
Desertions from the army became appalling—the number reached frequently as high as two hundred a day and the aggregate5 over eight thousand a month. His Proclamation had provided for the enlistment6 of negroes as soldiers. Not only did thousands of men refuse to continue to fight when the issue of Slavery was injected, but other thousands felt that the uniform of the Republic had been dishonored by placing it on the backs of slaves. They refused to wear it longer, and deserted7 at the risk of their lives.
The Proclamation had united the South and hopelessly divided the North. How serious this Northern division was destined8 to become was the problem now of a concern as deep as the size and efficiency of General Lee's army.
The election of the new Congress would put his administration to a supreme9 fight for existence. If the Democratic Party under its new leader, Clay Van Alen of Ohio, should win it meant a hostile majority in power whose edict could end the war and divide the union. They had already selected in secret George B. McClellan for their coming standard bearer.
For the first time the question of union or Disunion was squarely up to the North in an election. And it came at an unlucky moment for the President. The army in the West had ceased to win victories. The Southern army under Lee was still defending Richmond as strongly as ever.
There was no evading10 the issue at the polls. The Proclamation had committed the President to the bold, far-reaching radical11 and aggressive policy of the utter destruction of Slavery. The people were asked to choose between Slavery on the one hand and nationality on the other. The two together they could not again have.
The President had staked his life on his faith that the people could be trusted on a square issue of right and wrong.
This time he had underestimated the force of blind passions which the hell of war had raised.
Maine voted first and cut down her majority for the administration from nineteen thousand to a bare four thousand. The fact was ominous12.
Ohio spoke13 next and Van Alen's ticket against the administration swept the State, returning fourteen Democrats14 and only five Republicans to Congress.
Indiana, the State in which the President's mother slept, spoke in thunder tones against him, sending eight Democrats and three Republicans. Even the rockribbed Republican stronghold of Pennsylvania was carried by the opposition15 by a majority of four thousand, reversing Lincoln's former majority of sixty thousand.
In New York the brilliant Democratic leader, Horatio Seymour, was elected Governor on a platform hostile to the administration by more than ten thousand majority. New Jersey16 turned against him, Michigan reduced his majority from twenty to six thousand. Wisconsin evenly divided its delegates to Congress.
Illinois, the President's own State, gave the most crushing blow of all. His big majority there was completely reversed and the Democrats carried the State by over seventeen thousand and the Congressional delegates stood eleven to three against him.
And then his Border State Policy, against which the leaders of his party had raged in vain was vindicated17 in the most startling way. True to his steadfast18 purpose to hold these States in the union at all hazards, he had not included them in his Emancipation Proclamation.
One of the reasons for which they had refused his offer of United States bonds in payment for their slaves was they did not believe them worth the paper they were written on. A war costing two million dollars a day was sure to bankrupt the Nation before the end could be seen.
And yet because he had treated them with patience and fairness, with justice and with generosity19, the Border States and the new State of West Virginia born of this policy, voted to sustain the President, saved his administration from ruin and gave him another chance to fight for the life of the union.
It was a close shave. His working majority in Congress was reduced to a narrow margin20, the opposition was large, united and fierce in its aggression21, but he had been saved from annihilation.
The temper of the men elected to the Legislatures, both State and National, in the great Northern States was astounding22.
So serious was the situation in Indiana that Governor Morton hastened to Washington to lay the crisis before the President.
"I'm sorry to have to tell you," the Governor began, "but we must face it. The Democratic politicians of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois now called to power assume that the rebellion will not be crushed——"
"And therefore?"
"That their interests are antagonistic23 to New England and in harmony with the South. Another three months like the last six and we are lost, sir—hopelessly lost!"
"Is it as bad as that Governor?" the sad even voice asked.
A smile flickered24 across the stern, fine face of the war Governor:
"If you think me a pessimist25 remember that Van Alen their leader, has just presided over a Democratic jubilee26 meeting in Ohio which was swept again and again by cheers for Jefferson Davis—curses and jeers27 for the Abolitionists. His speech has been put in the form of a leaflet which is being mailed in thousands to our soldiers at the front——"
"You know that to be a fact?" the President asked sharply.
"The fact is notorious, sir. It will be disputed by no one. The outlook is black. Meeting after meeting is being held in Indiana demanding peace at any price, with the recognition of the Southern Confederacy—and, mark you, what is still more significant the formation of a Northwestern Confederacy with its possible Capital at your home town of Springfield, Illinois——"
"No, no!" the President groaned28.
"Your last call for three hundred thousand volunteers," the Governor went on, "as you well know was an utter failure. Only eighty-six thousand men have been raised under it. I was compelled to use a draft to secure the number I did in Indiana. It is useless to call for more volunteers anywhere——"
"Then we'll have to use the draft," was the firm response.
"If we can enforce it!" the Governor warned. "A meeting has just been held in my State in which resolutions were unanimously passed demanding that the war cease, denouncing the attempt to use the power to draft men, declaring that our volunteers had been induced to enter the army under the false declaration that war was waged solely29 to maintain the Constitution and to restore the union——"
"And so it is!" the President interrupted.
"Until you issued your Proclamation, freeing the slaves——"
"But only as a war measure to weaken the South, give us the victory and restore the Constitution!"
"They refuse to hear your interpretation30; they make their own. Van Alen boldly declares that ninety-nine men out of every hundred whom he represents in Congress breathe no other prayer than to have an end of this hellish war. When news of victory comes, there is no rejoicing. When news of our defeat comes there is no sorrow——"
"Is that statement really true?" the sorrowful lips asked.
"Of the majority who elected him, yes. In the Northwest, distrust and despair are strangling the hearts of the people. More and more we hear the traitorous31 talk of arraying ourselves against New England and forming a Confederacy of our own. More than two thousand six hundred deserters have been arrested within a few weeks in Indiana. It generally requires an armed detail. Most of the deserters, true to the oath of the order of the Knights32 of the Golden Circle, desert with their arms——"
"Is it possible?"
"And in one case seventeen of these fortified33 themselves in a log cabin with outside paling and ditch for protection, and were maintained by their neighbors. Two hundred armed men in Rush County resisted the arrest of deserters. I was compelled to send infantry34 by special train to take their ringleaders. Southern Indiana is ripe for Revolution.
"I have positive information that the incoming Democratic Legislature of my State is in quick touch with the ones gathering35 in Illinois and Ohio. In Illinois, your own State, they have already drafted the resolutions demanding an armistice36 and a convention of all the States to agree to an adjustment of the war. It is certain to pass the Illinois House.
"My own Legislature has put this resolution into a more daring and dangerous form. They propose boldly and at once to acknowledge the Southern Confederacy and demand that the Northwest dissolve all further relations with New England. When they have passed this measure in Indiana, they expect Ohio and Illinois to follow suit.
"Their secret order which covers my State with a network of lodges37, whose purpose is the withdrawal38 of the Northwestern States from the union, has obtained a foothold in the army camps inside the city of Washington itself——"
The President rose with quick, nervous energy and paced the floor. He stopped suddenly in front of Morton, his deep set eyes burning a steady flame:
"And what do you propose?"
"I haven't decided39 yet. I have the best of reasons to believe that the first thing my Legislature will do when it convenes40 is to pass a resolution refusing to receive any message from me as Governor of the State!"
"Will they dare?"
"I'm sure of it. It will be composed of men sworn to oppose to the bitter end any prosecution41 of this war. They intend to recognize the Southern Confederacy, and dissolve their own Federal relation with the United States. It may be necessary, sir——" he paused and fixed42 the President with compelling eyes, "—-it may be necessary to suspend the civil government in the North in order to save the union!"
The President lifted his big hand in a gesture of despair:
"God save us from that!"
"I came here to tell you just this," the Governor gravely concluded. "If the crisis comes and I must use force I expect you to back me——"
Two big rugged43 hands grasped the one outstretched:
"God bless you, Governor Morton,—we've got to save the union, and we're going to do it! Since the day I came into this office I have fought to uphold the supremacy44 of the civil law. My enemies may force me to use despotic powers to crush it for larger ends!—--But I hope not. I hope not. God knows I have no vain ambitions. I have no desire to use such power——"
The Governor left him gazing dreamily over the river toward Virginia a great new sorrow clouding his soul.
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1
emancipation
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| n.（从束缚、支配下）解放 | |
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immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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repeal
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| n.废止，撤消；v.废止，撤消 | |
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forestall
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| vt.抢在…之前采取行动；预先阻止 | |
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5
aggregate
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| adj.总计的，集合的；n.总数；v.合计；集合 | |
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enlistment
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| n.应征入伍，获得，取得 | |
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deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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9
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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10
evading
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| 逃避( evade的现在分词 )； 避开； 回避； 想不出 | |
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radical
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| n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的 | |
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12
ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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democrats
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| n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 ) | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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jersey
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| n.运动衫 | |
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vindicated
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| v.澄清（某人/某事物）受到的责难或嫌疑( vindicate的过去式和过去分词 )；表明或证明（所争辩的事物）属实、正当、有效等；维护 | |
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18
steadfast
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| adj.固定的，不变的，不动摇的；忠实的；坚贞不移的 | |
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generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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margin
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| n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘 | |
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21
aggression
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| n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害 | |
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astounding
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| adj.使人震惊的vt.使震惊，使大吃一惊astound的现在分词) | |
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antagonistic
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| adj.敌对的 | |
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flickered
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| （通常指灯光）闪烁，摇曳( flicker的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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25
pessimist
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| n.悲观者；悲观主义者；厌世 | |
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26
jubilee
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| n.周年纪念；欢乐 | |
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27
jeers
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| n.操纵帆桁下部（使其上下的）索具；嘲讽( jeer的名词复数 )v.嘲笑( jeer的第三人称单数 ) | |
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28
groaned
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| v.呻吟( groan的过去式和过去分词 )；发牢骚；抱怨；受苦 | |
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solely
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| adv.仅仅，唯一地 | |
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30
interpretation
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| n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理 | |
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traitorous
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| adj. 叛国的, 不忠的, 背信弃义的 | |
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knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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33
fortified
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| adj. 加强的 | |
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34
infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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35
gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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armistice
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| n.休战，停战协定 | |
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37
lodges
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| v.存放( lodge的第三人称单数 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
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38
withdrawal
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| n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销 | |
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39
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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convenes
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| 召开( convene的第三人称单数 )； 召集； （为正式会议而）聚集； 集合 | |
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41
prosecution
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| n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营 | |
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42
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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43
rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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44
supremacy
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| n.至上；至高权力 | |
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