Any history of this county would be incomplete did it not dwell at some length upon the activities of the splendid service rendered the community by the physicians and surgeons who were among the earliest arrivals upon the frontier, and have presided at the births and administered to the sick and dying for the past sixty years.
It was peculiarly fitting and appropriate when Atchison was born, that a prominent physician of those days was on hand to assist in the delivery. In truth, Dr. J. H. Stringfellow was not only the physician in charge, but he also was one of the parents, and from that time to the present the medical profession has been active in the affairs of the county. There have been many splendid representatives of the profession here since the days of Dr. Stringfellow, and the vicissitudes1 and trials and hardships they went through make up a romantic chapter in our history. The oldest physician in the city of Atchison in 1916 in point of service is Dr. E. T. Shelly, and it might be said, without disparagement2 to others, he is not only the oldest, but he is perhaps held in as high esteem3 and respect as any other physician who ever practiced here. Dr. Shelly combines the qualities that make for good citizenship4. He treats his profession as a good Christian5 treats his religion. He is a man of ideals, of vision, of integrity, and his life rings true. Yet, withal, Dr. Shelly is not a professional hermit6. While his profession comes first, he does not allow it to exclude him from an active interest and participation7 in the affairs of life. He is a student of political and economic questions, an essayist, and a vigorous advocate of a liberal democracy. His views on these 303questions are wholesome8 and instructive, but it is to the profession of medicine that Dr. Shelly addressed himself in a recent interview the author of this history had with him, and his views were expressed as follows:
“What changes have occurred in the practice of medicine since the days of the first physicians here! He did his work on horseback with his medicines in saddle-bags thrown over the horse, and often had to go many miles to visit a patient over a sparsely9 settled prairie with roads that were little more than trails. The streams he had to cross were bridgeless, and the larger ones could be crossed only at fords, which, after heavy rains or during freezing weather, were very dangerous.
“Today, in this section of the State, these primitive10 conditions can hardly be imagined. Nearly every country doctor now has an automobile11, and crosses gullies and streams on concrete bridges and travels over ‘dragged’ roads. Instead of passing through a sparsely settled country, he finds a fine large farm house on nearly every ‘quarter’ or ‘eighty’ supplemented by a substantial barn and spacious12 granaries. He passes a school house every few miles and occasionally a rural church, and lives in a comfortable, modern home in a flourishing, well kept country town.
“In the science and art of medicine the change has been no less marked than in its general practice.
“Until forty years ago, doctors possessed13 a few great remedies which they often used very skillfully, but the knowledge of the nature of disease was very slight. Treatment was largely symptomatic; that is, remedies were expected chiefly to combat certain symptoms, rather than to treat underlying14 causes.
“A notion very prevalent until then, and which has not yet disappeared entirely15, was that there is a remedy for every disease, and that whenever a patient is not cured of his illness it is due, not to the limitations of the healing art, but to the fact that treatment was not begun early enough, or his doctor didn’t know enough, or didn’t care enough to give him the right medicine. About that time it began to dawn on the most thoughtful and capable medical men that the course of disease can usually not be quickly checked; that most diseases run a definite course; that most patients recover spontaneously, or the disease persists to the end and is not much influenced by any of the remedies used. About that time medical men began to appreciate also another fact: that underlying most diseases, there is a natural tendency toward recovery, which means that most diseases will cure themselves if given time enough.
304“While medical men insist that the practice of medicine is both a science and an art, they are also perfectly16 willing to admit that it is neither an exact science nor a perfect art. In other words, modern medicine admits that it has not yet scaled the heights or fathomed17 the depths of scientific knowledge in regard to the nature of disease or of its cure. It is still willing to learn. Indeed, it realizes the fact that there is still infinitely18 more to learn than has yet been found out. And there is no avenue of human knowledge which it is not willing to explore in order to find out things that will get the sick well and keep the well from getting sick.
“A stunning19 blow to the old notions of the nature of disease and to the old methods of treatment, was administered about thirty years ago by the discovery that most diseases are due to infinitely small, living organisms, called germs or bacteria, which prey20 upon, or poison the tissues of the body, and thereby21 disturb, more or less seriously, some, or all, of the normal functions of the body. The scientific laboratory thereupon became the shrine23 of modern medicine; a new epoch24 in medicine had arrived.
“This new epoch meant not only that medical and surgical25 disorders26 were henceforth to be treated in a much more scientific and rational way than they had been in the past, but that one of the greatest scientific conquests of the ages was underway—the intelligent prevention of disease. Preventive medicine had been born. Soon thereafter a new and unprecedented27 popular interest in medical matters became prevalent. Newspapers, magazines and the public forum28 took a hand in popularizing this new knowledge of the nature of disease and the methods of preventing disease, which was founded on the new knowledge. Disease began to be looked on no longer as only a mysterious dispensation of Providence29, but as a thing which, as scientific medicine advanced, was more and more to come under the knowledge and control of science.
“In no domain30 of modern medicine have greater advances been made than in surgery, due chiefly to the discovery of the role which germs play in the causation of surgical troubles. Because of the discovery of the necessity of asepsis (the absence of germs) in surgical operations and its practical application, operations, which, if done thirty years ago, would have been almost invariably fatal, can now be done nearly with impunity31. Then, surgical operations in large surgical clinics were done by men in Prince Albert coats. Today, the surgeon and his assistants are arrayed in sterilized32 white gowns and rubber gloves with caps for their heads and special coverings for mouth and nose, which are worn in order to prevent any unfiltered, contaminated 305vapor from these orifices coming in contact with the freshly made wound. Where proper precautions are taken, and no pus or other filth33 has come in contact with the wound, some of the most extensive operations are followed by immediate34 repair, without the formation of pus in the wound. To enumerate35 even a small part of the triumphs of modern surgery would occupy too much space and is uncalled for here, and these triumphs would have been impossible before the advent36 of surgical cleanliness.
“But modern medicine does not stop at treating or curing people. It does something even bigger and better—it tries to keep them well. Indeed, the medical profession is the only immolating37 profession there is—the only profession that is all the time trying, by its efforts in the direction of preventive medicine, to destroy its only source of income—the treatment of disease—by doing all within its power to make disease less and less prevalent. It is continually urging better personal and public hygiene38 and sanitation39. Because medical men understand the stunting40 effects of ill health on the growing mind and body of the child, they are urging careful medical inspection41 of schools and school children, and they call for better health conditions in the family, the factory, and the mine, and they denounce without measure unhealthy child labor22. Modern medicine tries to banish42 from the home and school, as nearly as may be, that brutal43 precept—“He that spareth the rod, hateth his son”—because it knows that the irritable44, petulant45, stubborn child may be a sick child, or has fools for parents, while the incorrigible46 boy or girl needs the attention of an expert in nervous and mental diseases rather than the brutality47 of an impatient, ignorant parent or policeman.
“Modern medicine enters the jungle and by proper sanitary48 rules and regulations makes a deadly, miasmatic49 swamp a model of cleanliness and healthfulness, as was done in the Panama canal zone, and without which the building of the canal would have been impossible.
“Modern medicine seeks to help and to save mankind, not only from physical ills, but from moral ills as well. By the careful study of the influence of inheritance and environment on the development and the conduct of the child, it tries to make his physical inheritance as favorable as possible, and his economic and social environment as helpful as may be, realizing that much of our moral delinquency is due to unjust civic50 and economic conditions.”
It would require a volume to tell the story of the lives of all the early-day physicians of this county. Investigation51 discloses the fact that they were numerous, and that in addition to Dr. Stringfellow, who gave more of his time 306to political matters than to his profession, there was a Dr. D. McVay here prior to 1860. He was a southern gentleman, but apparently52 had more discretion53 than valor54, for he fled from Atchison at the beginning of the Civil war. Dr. William Grimes, concerning whose life brief mention has been heretofore made in this history, was a physician at Atchison in 1858. Dr. W. W. Cochrane was another physician of the old school, a courtly, amiable55 gentleman, and a good physician. He was for a number of years treasurer56 of the Kansas Medical Society, and was a pioneer among physicians in administering chloroform in childbirth cases. Dr. Arnold was here in 1859, and later, on a trip to Denver, he was scalped by the Indians. Dr. Joseph Malin, of Weston, Mo., who married one of the McAdows, was a physician in Atchison in 1861, and Dr. J. V. Brining practiced in Atchison in 1862, and remained a practitioner57 here until 1914.
Dr. William Gough, who had been a Confederate army surgeon, located in Atchison shortly after the war. He practiced in St. Joseph before coming to Atchison, and also at DeKalb, where he married Mrs. Annie Dunning. From DeKalb he moved to Rushville, and then came to Atchison, where he formed a partnership58 with the late Dr. J. M. Linley. Together they enjoyed an extensive medical and surgical practice, until 1887, when Dr. Gough moved to Los Angeles, Cal., for the benefit of his health. He died there in 1908. Dr. Gough is described by his friends as being a man of large physique, the soul of honor, and displayed the utmost care and gentleness in the care of his patients.
Dr. W. L. Challiss came to Atchison in 1857, and while standing59 high in his profession, gave most of his time to business affairs, and practiced only spasmodically. There was also a Dr. Buddington in Atchison in 1864, who ran a drug store at Fourth and Commercial streets.
One of the most interesting members of the medical profession in an early day was Dr. Charles F. Kob, a German physician, who lived here about 1858. Dr. Kob had been a surgeon in the army and a member of the Massachusetts and Connecticut Medical Society. He founded the town of Bunker Hill, on Independence creek60, ten miles north of Atchison, to which reference has already been made in this history. He lived and practiced in Boston before coming to Atchison. Dr. Amaziah Moore was another very early day physician, who located on a farm three or four miles west of Lancaster, in 1857. He came from Ohio. In 1861 he helped organize a company for the Civil war, which became Company D of the Second Kansas cavalry61, of which he was captain.
307
DR. W. W. COCHRANE
WILLIAM L. CHALLIS
Dr. John C. Batsell lived about two and one-half miles northwest of Monrovia. He was a native of Kentucky, and was born in Marion county March 16, 1818. He was reared and educated in his native county, where he took up the study of medicine, and became proficient62 in the science. He commenced the practice of his profession in Valeene, Orange county, Indiana, where he continued successfully for over seven years. In the autumn of 1855 he came to Atchison county, along with John Graves and others, and after looking around, went to DeKalb, Mo., where he remained until the spring of 1866, when he returned to Atchison county, and pre?mpted a quarter section, upon which he lived, northwest of Monrovia. He engaged in the practice of medicine in connection with farming, being frequently called into Doniphan and Brown counties. Malarial63 diseases prevailed to a great extent in those early days, and the people were in straitened circumstances. He furnished medicine and attended to their wants, losing largely in a financial way, as the greater portion of the first dwellers64 moved away. In 1863 Dr. Batsell organized one-half of Company D, Thirteenth Kansas, of which he was tendered the captaincy, but declined and accepted the position of first lieutenant65. On account of serious illness he only served three months in the army. He was major of the Thirteenth Kansas during the Price raid, and at the close of the war was elected to the legislature by the Republican party. He was originally an old-line Whig, but upon the organization of the 308Republican party he joined it, as he was in favor of the abolition66 of slavery. During his latter years he discontinued his practice and devoted67 his time to his farm. He died about ten years ago.
Dr. David Wait came from Missouri to Kansas in 1859 and settled on a farm near Eden postoffice, now known as the Vollmer farm. He was a striking-looking man and was looked upon as very proficient in his profession. He was an ardent68 union man. In fact, Dr. Moore, Dr. Batsell and Dr. Wait were all of great help to the union cause in the days before the war.
Among other leading physicians of the county, outside of Atchison, of the early days, were Dr. J. F. Martin, Dr. S. G. Page, Dr. C. C. Stivers, and Dr. Desmond, concerning whom the following information is available:
Dr. J. F. Martin was one of the first practitioners69 in Atchison county. He was a native of Bourbon county, Kentucky, and was born September 29, 1828. He graduated at the Transylvania Medical University, in 1854, and afterwards took a course of lectures in St. Louis Medical University. Subsequently he removed to DeKalb, Mo., where he practiced until 1856, coming to Kansas about the same time that Dr. Batsell came. He had a large practice in Doniphan and Brown counties. He practiced ten years, and returned to Decatur, Ill., in 1866, where he remained seven years, and returned to Kansas, locating in Effingham. He died in Effingham in 1877.
Dr. S. G. Page, a native of Juniata county, Pennsylvania, was born July 16, 1845. He attended Bellevue Hospital Medical College in New York in 1867: came to Kansas in 1868, and located in Center township, five miles south of Effingham, where he located on a farm which he operated a few years, and then located in Effingham.
Dr. C. C. Stivers, a native of Brown county, Ohio, was born January 6, 1842. He enlisted70 in Company A, Sixtieth Ohio Volunteer infantry71; participated in the battles of Bull Run, Cross Keys and Port Royal. Returning from the war, he took a course of lectures at Miami University in Oxford72 Ohio; located in Eden in 1877 and practiced until 1881, when he became a resident of Effingham. In 1880 he attended Keokuk Medical College, graduating from that institution. He had the reputation of being a brilliant conversationalist and a very interesting gentleman.
The first doctor to locate at Lancaster was Dr. Desmond, who went there in the latter seventies. While there he married a Miss Streeper, of Good Intent, and about 1885 moved to Stewartsville, Mo. Dr. Desmond was succeeded at Lancaster by Dr. A. L. Charles, who came there from Bunker Hill, Russell county, Kansas, where he had gone four years previously73, after graduating 309from the Kansas City Medical College. Soon after locating at Lancaster, Dr. Charles married Miss Alice Keeney, who lived near Lancaster. Dr. and Mrs. Charles raised a family of seven children, the eldest74 of whom is the Atchison surgeon, Dr. Hugh L. Charles. Mrs. Charles died of pneumonia75 in the Atchison hospital in January, 1915. Dr. Charles has been a very successful physician. He enjoys the profoundest respect of his colleagues throughout the county, who regard him as an ideal physician. It is needless to add that he also enjoys the utmost confidence and esteem of a clientele whose numbers are limited only by his ability to serve.
The first physician at Mt. Pleasant was Dr. Eagle, who located there during territorial76 days and practiced for a number of years. Dr. Jacob Larry also located at Mt. Pleasant about 1856. He was a South Carolinian, and a graduate of Charleston Medical College. During the war he was a surgeon in the army. He located in Iatan, Mo., and was building up a large practice when he committed suicide by taking strychnine and then blowing his brains out with a pistol. Before moving to Iatan Dr. Larry induced Dr. John Parsons, of King’s Bridge, N. Y., who also had been an army surgeon, to come to Mt. Pleasant. Dr. Parsons practiced there several years, and his practice became so large that he finally induced Dr. George W. Redmon to locate at Mt. Pleasant and assist him. Dr. Redmon located there in the fall of 1872, and remained a number of years, later locating at Oak Mills. There was also a Dr. W. W. Crook77 at Mt. Pleasant, in the seventies. Dr. Crook also practiced in Doniphan, and later moved to Wyoming. Dr. P. R. Moore was another physician who located in Mt. Pleasant township during the seventies, as was also Dr. Johnson. Dr. Charles H. Linley, now a resident physician of Atchison, practiced in Mt. Pleasant for a number of years, and following Dr. Linley came Dr. Miller78 and Dr. Rice. Dr. Roberts had a small drug store and practiced medicine at Oak Mills in the early days. He was addicted79 to the liquor habit, and was found dead in his office one morning. He had been preceded in practice at Oak Mills by Dr. Earle, who lived about half way between Oak Mills and Kickapoo, and who settled there during the fifties.
Dr. J. M. Linley came to Atchison March 14, 1865. He was born in Concord80, Ky., October 28, 1837. He attended college at Princeton, Ky., and was graduated from Miami Medical College at Cincinnati, Ohio, in March, 1858, and subsequently attended lectures in Bellevue College, New York. He was post surgeon at New Madrid, Mo., in 1864. Dr. Linley was one of the most successful practitioners of Atchison and was held in high esteem. In 1891 he went abroad and attended clinics in hospitals of Berlin and London. He died in Phoenix81, Ariz., November 28, 1900.
310The following are the members of the Atchison County Medical Society as reported in 1915: Dr. C. H. Johnson, Dr. H. L. Charles, Dr. M. T. Dingess, Dr. E. J. Bribach, Dr. Robert Dickey, Dr. E. P. Pitts, Dr. C. A. Lilly, Dr. Charles Robinson, Dr. C. H. Linley, Dr. T. E. Horner, Dr. F. A. Pearl, Dr. P. R. Moore, Emmingham, Dr. S. M. Myers, Potter, Dr. G. E. White, Effingham, Dr. G. W. Allaman, Dr. W. F. Smith, Dr. Virgil Morrison, Dr. E. T. Shelly.
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vicissitudes
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| n.变迁，世事变化；变迁兴衰( vicissitude的名词复数 )；盛衰兴废 | |
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disparagement
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| n.轻视，轻蔑 | |
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esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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citizenship
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| n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份) | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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hermit
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| n.隐士，修道者；隐居 | |
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participation
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| n.参与，参加，分享 | |
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wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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sparsely
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| adv.稀疏地；稀少地；不足地；贫乏地 | |
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primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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automobile
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| n.汽车，机动车 | |
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spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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underlying
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| adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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fathomed
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| 理解…的真意( fathom的过去式和过去分词 )； 彻底了解； 弄清真相 | |
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infinitely
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| adv.无限地，无穷地 | |
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stunning
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| adj.极好的；使人晕倒的 | |
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prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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epoch
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| n.(新)时代；历元 | |
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surgical
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| adj.外科的，外科医生的，手术上的 | |
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disorders
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| n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调 | |
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unprecedented
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| adj.无前例的，新奇的 | |
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forum
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| n.论坛，讨论会 | |
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providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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impunity
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| n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除 | |
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sterilized
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| v.消毒( sterilize的过去式和过去分词 )；使无菌；使失去生育能力；使绝育 | |
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filth
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| n.肮脏，污物，污秽；淫猥 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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enumerate
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| v.列举，计算，枚举，数 | |
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advent
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| n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临 | |
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immolating
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| v.宰杀…作祭品( immolate的现在分词 ) | |
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hygiene
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| n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic） | |
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sanitation
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| n.公共卫生，环境卫生，卫生设备 | |
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stunting
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| v.阻碍…发育[生长]，抑制，妨碍( stunt的现在分词 ) | |
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inspection
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| n.检查，审查，检阅 | |
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banish
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| vt.放逐，驱逐；消除，排除 | |
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brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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irritable
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| adj.急躁的；过敏的；易怒的 | |
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petulant
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| adj.性急的，暴躁的 | |
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incorrigible
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| adj.难以纠正的，屡教不改的 | |
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brutality
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| n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮 | |
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sanitary
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| adj.卫生方面的，卫生的，清洁的，卫生的 | |
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miasmatic
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| adj.毒气的，沼气的 | |
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civic
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| adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的 | |
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investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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52
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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valor
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| n.勇气，英勇 | |
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amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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treasurer
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| n.司库，财务主管 | |
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practitioner
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| n.实践者，从事者；(医生或律师等)开业者 | |
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partnership
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| n.合作关系，伙伴关系 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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creek
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| n.小溪，小河，小湾 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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proficient
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| adj.熟练的，精通的；n.能手，专家 | |
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malarial
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| 患疟疾的，毒气的 | |
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dwellers
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| n.居民，居住者( dweller的名词复数 ) | |
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lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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abolition
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| n.废除，取消 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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practitioners
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| n.习艺者，实习者( practitioner的名词复数 )；从业者（尤指医师） | |
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enlisted
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| adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持） | |
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infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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Oxford
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| n.牛津（英国城市） | |
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previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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pneumonia
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| n.肺炎 | |
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territorial
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| adj.领土的，领地的 | |
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crook
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| v.使弯曲；n.小偷，骗子，贼；弯曲(处) | |
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miller
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| n.磨坊主 | |
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addicted
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| adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的 | |
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concord
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| n.和谐；协调 | |
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phoenix
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| n.凤凰，长生(不死)鸟；引申为重生 | |
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