From the Diary of Dr. van der Ghinst, of the Cabour (Adinkerque) Military Ambulance, and an Account given by Léon Deliens, Private of the 11th Line Regiment1
October 24th. Dixmude, at night. By the sinister2 light of the burning houses, the Belgian soldiers and the French Marine3 Fusiliers were moving about among the ruins, in the midst of the flames which skimmed along the ground. With blackened faces, haggard eyes, and unkempt beards, their uniforms covered with blood and with dust, they went up and down the streets, springing over the stones, beams, and débris of all kinds, and climbing over walls. The gigantic shadows which they threw added to the phantasmagoria of the strange scene. From time to time a shrapnel burst, vibrating in the air with the sound of a huge timing-fork, or with a great flood of light the explosion of a shell made the cracked walls shake.
Our relief post was installed in what had formerly4 been a much frequented drawing-room in the house of a notary5. Presently, the stretcher-bearers brought in a wounded man who, between his groans6, told us that the Germans had entered the town. This seemed incredible, as our trenches9 formed an un[Pg 272]interrupted barrier. We thought the man must be delirious10. Very soon, a second wounded man told us the same thing and it was confirmed by a third. One of them told us that he had seen the dead body of a German at the Square, nearly two hundred metres away from our ambulance. We began to wonder whether our line had been broken? If so, it would mean street fighting. Two days ago, the French doctors had transported their installations beyond the Yser. The only thing for us to do was to imitate them and so save our wounded. Without wasting a minute, I had them put into an ambulance carriage. We crossed the bridge and took the road leading to Caeskerke. On arriving at a little wine-shop, about four hundred yards outside this place, where another Belgian relief post had been installed, we carried our patients in and made them as comfortable as we could.
In the night, I was roused suddenly by my faithful orderly.
"The Germans are here!" he shouted, shaking me out of my slumber11. In a second, I was on my feet. All my companions, doctors and stretcher-bearers, I found in the principal room of the wine-shop, talking together in the dark. I asked what had happened and they explained to me, in a whisper, that a trumpet12 blast, which was not ours, had been heard. After that there had been firing and shouts, and then a rush of men passing like a hurricane by our door, in the direction of Caeskerke. They were all shouting: "Hurrah13!"
If this were so, our lines must have been forced and, whatever happened, it was necessary for us to know the truth. Anything was better than this mortal[Pg 273] anguish14. I opened the door. It was pitch-dark outside, an October night, cold and rainy. I could hear groans coming from the house opposite. With my Browning in my hand I entered and, by the light of my electric lamp, I saw two men stretched out on the floor, side by side, giving no sign of life. On approaching, I recognised Lieutenant15 Richard, of the Navy, and Abbé Le Helloco. I heard a groan7 coming from a corner of the room and found Dr. Duguet, the Head Doctor of the Marine Fusiliers.
Two stretcher-bearers, in answer to my call, came and fetched my unfortunate colleague to our relief station.
"My back is broken," he said, with a moan.
I tried to reassure16 him, and he then told me that, on hearing the shouts, the three officers, less prudent17 than we had been, rushed to the door of their house. Their outline, standing18 out in the framework of the door, made an excellent target and they had all three fallen, hit by the horde19 as it rushed forwards. We wondered what would happen next and what had become of our Staff, which had its Headquarters in one of the neighbouring houses. What had happened to our brave Colonel Jacques, to Captain Philippron, and to their comrades? I rushed to the house where they were installed, and rapped. The door was promptly20 opened, but several revolvers were all I saw, and they were pointed21 at my head.
"Doctor van der Ghinst!" I shouted.
At the sound of my voice, the Brownings were lowered. In spite of the darkness, I recognised Colonel Jacques.
"What is the meaning of this joke, Colonel?" I asked.
[Pg 274]
"Yes, yes," answered the voice of our Chief, "the African." "The Boches have got through. You cannot stay here; we must have a reinforcement."
"Where is it to be found?"
"I will," I answered. "The road appears to be clear."
I was soon on my way. A French sailor, going in the same direction, went with me. It was perfectly23 dark. Stretching our heads forward, we tried to peer into the darkness. We had scarcely gone two hundred yards when we heard voices.
"Halt!" cried someone. Thinking I had to deal only with French soldiers, I replied: "Belgian doctor." "Hands up!" was the command. I could now see, in the ditch, to the left, some pointed helmets and also some bayonets confronting us. There was nothing to be done, as all resistance would have been in vain. If we had moved a step, we would have been killed. We had to go down into the ditch, where we found other victims. I protested in German, declaring that I was a doctor. Thanks to this, I had to attend a great lanky24 Teuton officer, who had been wounded in the leg. I gradually distinguished25 a certain number of prisoners, among whom I recognised Léon Deliens and Gaston de Marteau, Privates of the 11th Line Regiment. Their hands were tied behind their backs, their braces26 cut, and their trousers unbuttoned, so that it was impossible for them to escape. The same fate awaited me and also my companion in distress27. I protested energetically in German, and this produced a magical effect. An officer questioned me and asked me about the position[Pg 275] of the troops at Dixmude. "I am a doctor," I replied, "and I know nothing about military questions. Even if I could reply, though, I should not, as such questions are contrary to the stipulations of The Hague Treaty." The officer did not insist.
In the dark night, an absolute silence reigned28, only broken now and then by the brief orders of the Chief, a Major with a hoarse29 voice, whose name was von Oidtmann. Presently a carriage appeared on the road. It was a French Red Cross ambulance car that the Boches had captured. The Major sent it to Dixmude with the order to get to the German lines and bring back instructions to him. When the carriage reached the bridge, the French sentinel cried out: "Halt! Who goes there?" "Red Cross," answered the German driver. You can imagine that, in an instant, the carriage was surrounded and that, one after another, the Boches were taken out.
In the meantime, the Major and his three Lieutenants30 were deliberating in the ditch. By listening to their discussions, I gathered that seventy Germans had managed to get through our lines at the junction31 between a French and a Belgian trench8, that they had passed through Dixmude, crossed the bridge, and rushed along the Caeskerke road like a bomb, passing by the relief posts, the various Staffs, and reserves. They were now hiding in this ditch, three hundred yards away from the railway station, and were awaiting the remainder of their Battalion, which did not arrive. One or two of the Marine Fusiliers were captured as they were passing along the road, and a cyclist who refused to stop was killed. The time seemed very long and the Major was evidently getting impatient, for, whilst I was talking to one of my warders, I[Pg 276] overheard him give the following orders: "Shoot the prisoners!" I protested and, to my great astonishment32, my warder protested too. "No," he said, "we cannot behave inhumanely, not the doctor!" Knowing the severity of the German discipline, I was agreeably surprised at this instance of individuality. The young German who protested was charming. He was a Berlin law-student, and several of his university friends protested with him, so that the order was not carried out.
Presently, the Germans got up, and endeavoured to advance, but the head of their column came to a trench occupied by the Marine Fusiliers. A few shots were exchanged and the troop, after crossing a field, went in the direction of the railway line. There we made another halt and, for the second time, the order was given: "Shoot the prisoners!" The order was not executed this time, probably thanks to the intervention33 of a German soldier, who was a doctor. He had introduced himself to me whilst we were marching and he told me that he should speak to the army doctor.
The Germans now saw that their comrades had not been able to follow them and that their only chance of safety was to go back, by the railway bridge, across the Yser, and get to their own lines again. We went over the railway line from Caeskerke to Dixmude and were only twenty yards away from the armoured train which they did not see. We walked along in silence, two by two, with our warders on guard. Presently we came to a group of about fifteen Germans who were behind a mill and we all lay down on the ground. Four shrapnels burst over our heads. A young sailor had his leg shot through. Deliens[Pg 277] dressed the wound quickly. A German said in a mocking tone: "Good German shrapnels!" This was true. We set off again and for more than two hours we walked across fields, jumping hedges, ditches, and streams. When we were trying to avoid a stream about three yards wide, a German asked: "Is that the Yser?" We could not help laughing. We were now quite lost and were plodding34 along in the mud, frozen to the bones. The officers went groping along. With the help of an electric lamp hidden in their long coats, they consulted their maps and the compass. Between the Major and his subordinates there were violent discussions as to the way we should go. I noticed the confidence the Germans have in their chief. Every minute we could hear someone asking: "Where is the Major?" and he, with brief orders, shouted in a hoarse voice, reminding them to pay attention to the prisoners, maintained cohesion35 among his grey flock. My poor companions in misfortune, some of whom, at my request, were freed, now helped each other, dragging along in groups with great difficulty. The young soldier who had been wounded, leaning on Deliens and de Marteau, trotted36 along courageously37, leaving a track of blood behind him.
Several young law and theology students walked with me and we conversed38 in German. They were Volunteers of the 202nd Regiment, who had just arrived fresh from Berlin and who were under fire for the first time.
"How long do you think the war will last?" they asked.
"Six months, or perhaps more," I replied.
"Oh no," they exclaimed, "that is impossible.[Pg 278] Italy has declared war on France and we have just taken 250,000 Russian prisoners."
"And do you believe such tales?" I asked.
"We must believe what we are told."
When I asked them why they had attacked Belgium, I could get no other reply than the one word: "Necessity."
They were surprised, in their turn, that so many young men in Belgium were not under arms and they were proud of their own patriotism39, which, beside the compulsory40 service, had given them 2,000,000 Volunteers. "We have 15,000,000 soldiers," they said.
"We are through with it, are we not, Doctor?" asked an officer in a jeering41 tone. I simply shrugged42 my shoulders in an evasive way. We were marching all the time and when we turned a corner, in the darkness, we always ran the risk of coming upon a field-gun which would mow43 down friends or enemies alike. From time to time we were grouped.
A soldier pushed me roughly and I protested.
"I am an officer, if you please," I said, and oh, discipline, he apologised!
Another soldier wanted me to carry his bag. I refused on the same ground, and he did not insist.
Gradually, the night became less dark and the dawn appeared. It was the pale dawn of a rainy day. About seven hundred yards away from us, in the indistinct light, we saw a woman and a child hurrying along, laden44 with packages. A few shots were fired.
"Gute Leute," said some men and the firing ceased. A similar scene took place farther on, when a man and a woman appeared at the door of a farm-house. It was now light, as it was 5.30. The smoking ruins of Dixmude could be seen through the mist and this[Pg 279] served as a landmark45. We marched on in that direction, wondering whether this might prove our salvation46 or our misfortune. A discussion began between the Major and one of his Lieutenants. In the midst of it, there was a volley fired from a Belgian trench which brought down five Germans. A brief command was given:
"Right about face and quick march!" With bayonets behind us, we had to beat a retreat. Some shots were fired from a farm and bullets whizzed through the air. We were certainly within the line of the Allies. The Major gave orders that the prisoners should march in front of the Germans. Fifteen of us formed the first rank. My companion on the right, Frigate47 Captain Jeanniot, explained to me that, on seeing the Boches, he had come towards them to parley48, with a Belgian, as interpreter, and he had invited them to surrender. He had been made a prisoner.
"They are turning round, they are lost," remarked a soldier.
Our position was most dangerous, as firing was directed against us from every farm.
A German fell and I moved towards him, but a brief order: "Vorwaerts!" and the threat of a pistol stopped me. The unfortunate man, holding out his hand and imploring49 help, was left to his fate, without a word of encouragement or of consolation50. Decidedly that Major was a brute51. We were just passing by Major Hellebaut's Belgian Battery and we should certainly have been greeted with firing, if it had not been for Lieutenant de Wilde, who discovered, just in time, that there were Allies' uniforms in the enemy group. The situation was most critical, as our[Pg 280] warders were more and more occupied with replying to the firing of our men. This was our moment of neck or nothing. My stretcher-bearer and the French sailor whom I had led into the fray52 followed my lead. I moved along gradually, more and more slowly, until I reached the rear and then sank down in a trench that was not very deep. Nothing happened, as no one had noticed our disappearance53. We got away by crawling along and then with a few bounds we were soon out of reach. We were saved!
This account is completed by the soldier Léon Deliens.
"Just at this moment," said the latter, "a German officer shouted: 'What must we do with the prisoners?'"
"Shoot them dead!" replied another. A shot was fired at Commander Jeanniot, who was not hit. It was a terrible moment. Our warders hurried us along and pushed us about. They had lost their heads and, after taking a roundabout way, they were going towards Dixmude. Suddenly an energetic firing began and the German ranks suffered severely54. The Major assembled his men and someone, I cannot say whether he or a Lieutenant, gave the order: "Shoot the prisoners dead!" Each soldier chose a prisoner. Their bayonets pierced the defenceless breasts of their victims and shots were fired point-blank.
My executioner aimed at me, his gun on his hip55. I flung myself down on the ground and the bullet passed over my head. I got up again and, with a bound, rushed off some forty yards. My shoes sank in the mud and I fell down again with my head in the mud. The next bullet must have missed me, as I did[Pg 281] not feel any wound. There was a veritable hailstorm of bullets and, when I looked up, the Boches were beating a retreat. The Major was giving his commands, but in a hoarse voice. I saw the French rushing out to assault and I was between two fires. The soil flew into the air, wounded men were howling with pain, and I could hear the death rattle56 of our poor comrades who had been assassinated57. There was a medley58 of blue, black, and grey uniforms. A fit of furious anger took possession of me. I sprang up, seized a German gun and fired the three cartridges59 that the weapon contained. I waved my forage60 cap towards the French who were hurrying along. One of them fell; I seized his gun with its bayonet and, in mad, indescribable rage, animated61 by an irresistible62 thirst for revenge, I rushed forward and confronted Major von Oidtmann. He was still shouting, holding his riding-whip in one hand and his Browning in the other. I must own that he was braver than ever at that moment. I plunged63 my bayonet into his left side, under his heart, and he fell down all in a lump.
The scene then changed and the Boches surrendered, holding up their hands, imploring mercy and offering money. My comrade, de Marteau (spared by good luck, as a bullet had pierced his forage cap), and I took some prisoners with us and returned, very much astonished at coming out of this skirmish safe and sound.
By Admiral Ronarc'h's order, the Germans we recognised as having fired on the prisoners were shot. Of the seventy Boches who had crossed the Dixmude bridge twenty-five were living. Of the fifteen prisoners they had taken, all the French were either killed or wounded. The poor young sailor who had[Pg 282] been wounded in the leg was killed outright64 by the Germans, and a soldier of the Belgian Engineers was massacred.
I never think of those frightful65 hours that we passed without a feeling of deep admiration66 for the stoic67 patience, the contemptuous silence, and the indifference68 to death of Commander Jeanniot and of all my unfortunate companions.
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1
regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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2
sinister
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| adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的 | |
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3
marine
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| adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵 | |
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4
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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5
notary
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| n.公证人，公证员 | |
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6
groans
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| n.呻吟，叹息( groan的名词复数 )；呻吟般的声音v.呻吟( groan的第三人称单数 )；发牢骚；抱怨；受苦 | |
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7
groan
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| vi./n.呻吟，抱怨；(发出)呻吟般的声音 | |
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8
trench
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| n./v.(挖)沟，(挖)战壕 | |
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trenches
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| 深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕 | |
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10
delirious
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| adj.不省人事的，神智昏迷的 | |
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11
slumber
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| n.睡眠，沉睡状态 | |
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12
trumpet
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| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
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13
hurrah
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| int.好哇，万岁，乌拉 | |
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14
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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16
reassure
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| v.使放心，使消除疑虑 | |
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17
prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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18
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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horde
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| n.群众，一大群 | |
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promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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22
battalion
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| n.营；部队；大队(的人) | |
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23
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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24
lanky
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| adj.瘦长的 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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26
braces
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| n.吊带，背带；托架( brace的名词复数 )；箍子；括弧；（儿童）牙箍v.支住( brace的第三人称单数 )；撑牢；使自己站稳；振作起来 | |
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distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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28
reigned
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| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
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29
hoarse
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| adj.嘶哑的，沙哑的 | |
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lieutenants
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| n.陆军中尉( lieutenant的名词复数 )；副职官员；空军；仅低于…官阶的官员 | |
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31
junction
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| n.连接，接合；交叉点，接合处，枢纽站 | |
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32
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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33
intervention
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| n.介入，干涉，干预 | |
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plodding
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| a.proceeding in a slow or dull way | |
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cohesion
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| n.团结，凝结力 | |
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36
trotted
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| 小跑，急走( trot的过去分词 )； 匆匆忙忙地走 | |
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courageously
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| ad.勇敢地，无畏地 | |
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38
conversed
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| v.交谈，谈话( converse的过去式 ) | |
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patriotism
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| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
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40
compulsory
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| n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的 | |
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41
jeering
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| adj.嘲弄的，揶揄的v.嘲笑( jeer的现在分词 ) | |
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42
shrugged
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| vt.耸肩（shrug的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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43
mow
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| v.割（草、麦等），扫射，皱眉；n.草堆，谷物堆 | |
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44
laden
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| adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的 | |
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45
landmark
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| n.陆标，划时代的事，地界标 | |
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46
salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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47
frigate
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| n.护航舰，大型驱逐舰 | |
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48
parley
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| n.谈判 | |
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49
imploring
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| 恳求的，哀求的 | |
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50
consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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51
brute
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| n.野兽，兽性 | |
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52
fray
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| v.争吵；打斗；磨损，磨破；n.吵架；打斗 | |
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53
disappearance
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| n.消失，消散，失踪 | |
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54
severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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55
hip
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| n.臀部，髋；屋脊 | |
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56
rattle
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| v.飞奔，碰响；激怒；n.碰撞声；拨浪鼓 | |
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57
assassinated
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| v.暗杀( assassinate的过去式和过去分词 )；中伤；诋毁；破坏 | |
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58
medley
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| n.混合 | |
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59
cartridges
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| 子弹( cartridge的名词复数 )； （打印机的）墨盒； 录音带盒； （唱机的）唱头 | |
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60
forage
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| n.(牛马的)饲料，粮草；v.搜寻，翻寻 | |
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61
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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62
irresistible
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| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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63
plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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64
outright
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| adv.坦率地；彻底地；立即；adj.无疑的；彻底的 | |
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65
frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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66
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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67
stoic
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| n.坚忍克己之人，禁欲主义者 | |
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68
indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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