I.
IN those Hyperborean regions, to which enthusiastic Truth, and Earnestness, and Independence, will invariably lead a mind fitted by nature for profound and fearless thought, all objects are seen in a dubious2, uncertain, and refracting light. Viewed through that rarefied atmosphere the most immemorially admitted maxims3 of men begin to slide and fluctuate, and finally become wholly inverted4; the very heavens themselves being not innocent of producing this confounding effect, since it is mostly in the heavens themselves that these wonderful mirages5 are exhibited.
But the example of many minds forever lost, like undiscoverable Arctic explorers, amid those treacherous6 regions, warns us entirely7 away from them; and we learn that it is not for man to follow the trail of truth too far, since by so doing he entirely loses the directing compass of his mind; for arrived at the Pole, to whose barrenness only it points, there, the needle indifferently respects all points of the horizon alike.
But even the less distant regions of thought are not without their singular introversions. Hardly any sincere man of ordinary reflective powers, and accustomed to exercise them at all, but must have been independently struck by the thought, that, after all, what is so enthusiastically applauded as the march of mind,—meaning the inroads of Truth into Error—which has ever been regarded by hopeful persons as the one fundamental thing most earnestly to be prayed for as the greatest possible Catholic blessing9 to the world;—almost every thinking man must have been some time or other struck with the idea, that, in certain respects, a tremendous mistake may be lurking10 here, since all the world does never gregariously11 advance to Truth, but only here and there some of its individuals do; and by advancing, leave the rest behind; cutting themselves forever adrift from their sympathy, and making themselves always liable to be regarded with distrust, dislike, and often, downright—though, ofttimes, concealed—fear and hate. What wonder, then, that those advanced minds, which in spite of advance, happen still to remain, for the time, ill-regulated, should now and then be goaded13 into turning round in acts of wanton aggression14 upon sentiments and opinions now forever left in their rear. Certain it is, that in their earlier stages of advance, especially in youthful minds, as yet untranquilized by long habituation to the world as it inevitably15 and eternally is; this aggressiveness is almost invariably manifested, and as invariably afterward16 deplored17 by themselves.
That amazing shock of practical truth, which in the compass of a very few days and hours had not so much advanced, as magically transplanted the youthful mind of Pierre far beyond all common discernments; it had not been entirely unattended by the lamentable18 rearward aggressiveness we have endeavored to portray19 above. Yielding to that unwarrantable mood, he had invaded the profound midnight slumbers20 of the Reverend Mr. Falsgrave, and most discourteously21 made war upon that really amiable22 and estimable person. But as through the strange force of circumstances his advance in insight had been so surprisingly rapid, so also was now his advance in some sort of wisdom, in charitableness; and his concluding words to Mr. Falsgrave, sufficiently23 evinced that already, ere quitting that gentleman's study, he had begun to repent24 his ever entering it on such a mission.
And as he now walked on in the profound meditations25 induced by the hour; and as all that was in him stirred to and fro, intensely agitated27 by the ever-creative fire of enthusiastic earnestness, he became fully28 alive to many palliating considerations, which had they previously29 occurred to him would have peremptorily30 forbidden his impulsive31 intrusion upon the respectable clergyman.
But it is through the malice32 of this earthly air, that only by being guilty of Folly33 does mortal man in many cases arrive at the perception of Sense. A thought which should forever free us from hasty imprecations upon our ever-recurring intervals35 of Folly; since though Folly be our teacher, Sense is the lesson she teaches; since if Folly wholly depart from us, Further Sense will be her companion in the flight, and we will be left standing36 midway in wisdom. For it is only the miraculous37 vanity of man which ever persuades him, that even for the most richly gifted mind, there ever arrives an earthly period, where it can truly say to itself, I have come to the Ultimate of Human Speculative38 Knowledge; hereafter, at this present point I will abide39. Sudden onsets40 of new truth will assail41 him, and over-turn him as the Tartars did China; for there is no China Wall that man can build in his soul, which shall permanently42 stay the irruptions of those barbarous hordes43 which Truth ever nourishes in the loins of her frozen, yet teeming44 North; so that the Empire of Human Knowledge can never be lasting45 in any one dynasty, since Truth still gives new Emperors to the earth.
But the thoughts we here indite46 as Pierre's are to be very carefully discriminated47 from those we indite concerning him. Ignorant at this time of the ideas concerning the reciprocity and partnership48 of Folly and Sense, in contributing to the mental and moral growth of the mind; Pierre keenly upbraided49 his thoughtlessness, and began to stagger in his soul; as distrustful of that radical50 change in his general sentiments, which had thus hurried him into a glaring impropriety and folly; as distrustful of himself, the most wretched distrust of all. But this last distrust was not of the heart; for heaven itself, so he felt, had sanctified that with its blessing; but it was the distrust of his intellect, which in undisciplinedly espousing51 the manly52 enthusiast1 cause of his heart, seemed to cast a reproach upon that cause itself.
But though evermore hath the earnest heart an eventual53 balm for the most deplorable error of the head; yet in the interval34 small alleviation54 is to be had, and the whole man droops55 into nameless melancholy56. Then it seems as though the most magnanimous and virtuous57 resolutions were only intended for fine spiritual emotions, not as mere58 preludes59 to their bodily translation into acts; since in essaying their embodiment, we have but proved ourselves miserable60 bunglers, and thereupon taken ignominious61 shame to ourselves. Then, too, the never-entirely repulsed62 hosts of Commonness, and Conventionalness, and Worldly Prudent-mindedness return to the charge; press hard on the faltering63 soul; and with inhuman64 hootings deride65 all its nobleness as mere eccentricity66, which further wisdom and experience shall assuredly cure. The man is as seized by arms and legs, and convulsively pulled either way by his own indecisions and doubts. Blackness advances her banner over this cruel altercation67, and he droops and swoons beneath its folds.
It was precisely68 in this mood of mind that, at about two in the morning, Pierre, with a hanging head, now crossed the private threshold of the Mansion69 of Saddle Meadows.
II.
IN the profoundly silent heart of a house full of sleeping serving-men and maids, Pierre now sat in his chamber70 before his accustomed round table, still tossed with the books and the papers which, three days before, he had abruptly71 left, for a sudden and more absorbing object. Uppermost and most conspicuous72 among the books were the Inferno73 of Dante, and the Hamlet of Shakspeare.
His mind was wandering and vague; his arm wandered and was vague. Soon he found the open Inferno in his hand, and his eye met the following lines, allegorically overscribed within the arch of the outgoings of the womb of human life:
Through me you pass into eternal pain;
Through me, among the people lost for aye.
* * * * *
All hope abandon, ye who enter here."
He dropped the fatal volume from his hand; he dropped his fated head upon his chest.
His mind was wandering and vague; his arm wandered and was vague. Some moments passed, and he found the open Hamlet in his hand, and his eyes met the following lines:
"The time is out of joint;—Oh cursed spite,
That ever I was born to set it right!"
He dropped the too true volume from his hand; his petrifying75 heart dropped hollowly within him, as a pebble76 down Carrisbrook well.
III.
THE man Dante Alighieri received unforgivable affronts77 and insults from the world; and the poet Dante Alighieri bequeathed his immortal78 curse to it, in the sublime79 malediction80 of the Inferno. The fiery81 tongue whose political forkings lost him the solacements of this world, found its malicious82 counterpart in that muse83 of fire, which would forever bar the vast bulk of mankind from all solacement in the worlds to come. Fortunately for the felicity of the Dilletante in Literature, the horrible allegorical meanings of the Inferno, lie not on the surface; but unfortunately for the earnest and youthful piercers into truth and reality, those horrible meanings, when first discovered, infuse their poison into a spot previously unprovided with that sovereign antidote84 of a sense of uncapitulatable security, which is only the possession of the furthest advanced and profoundest souls.
If among the deeper significances of its pervading86 indefiniteness, which significances are wisely hidden from all but the rarest adepts87, the pregnant tragedy of Hamlet convey any one particular moral at all fitted to the ordinary uses of man, it is this:—that all meditation26 is worthless, unless it prompt to action; that it is not for man to stand shilly-shallying amid the conflicting invasions of surrounding impulses; that in the earliest instant of conviction, the roused man must strike, and, if possible, with the precision and the force of the lightning-bolt.
Pierre had always been an admiring reader of Hamlet; but neither his age nor his mental experience thus far, had qualified88 him either to catch initiating89 glimpses into the hopeless gloom of its interior meaning, or to draw from the general story those superficial and purely90 incidental lessons, wherein the painstaking91 moralist so complacently92 expatiates93.
The intensest light of reason and revelation combined, can not shed such blazonings upon the deeper truths in man, as will sometimes proceed from his own profoundest gloom. Utter darkness is then his light, and cat-like he distinctly sees all objects through a medium which is mere blindness to common vision. Wherefore have Gloom and Grief been celebrated94 of old as the selectest chamberlains to knowledge? Wherefore is it, that not to know Gloom and Grief is not to know aught that an heroic man should learn?
By the light of that gloom, Pierre now turned over the soul of Hamlet in his hand. He knew not—at least, felt not—then, that Hamlet, though a thing of life, was, after all, but a thing of breath, evoked95 by the wanton magic of a creative hand, and as wantonly dismissed at last into endless halls of hell and night.
It is the not impartially96 bestowed97 privilege of the more final insights, that at the same moment they reveal the depths, they do, sometimes, also reveal—though by no means so distinctly—some answering heights. But when only midway down the gulf98, its crags wholly conceal12 the upper vaults99, and the wanderer thinks it all one gulf of downward dark.
Judge ye, then, ye Judicious, the mood of Pierre, so far as the passage in Hamlet touched him.
IV.
TORN into a hundred shreds100 the printed pages of Hell and Hamlet lay at his feet, which trampled101 them, while their vacant covers mocked him with their idle titles. Dante had made him fierce, and Hamlet had insinuated102 that there was none to strike. Dante had taught him that he had bitter cause of quarrel; Hamlet taunted103 him with faltering in the fight. Now he began to curse anew his fate, for now he began to see that after all he had been finely juggling104 with himself, and postponing105 with himself, and in meditative106 sentimentalities wasting the moments consecrated107 to instant action.
Eight-and-forty hours and more had passed. Was Isabel acknowledged? Had she yet hung on his public arm? Who knew yet of Isabel but Pierre? Like a skulking108 coward he had gone prowling in the woods by day, and like a skulking coward he had stolen to her haunt by night! Like a thief he had sat and stammered109 and turned pale before his mother, and in the cause of Holy Right, permitted a woman to grow tall and hector over him! Ah! Easy for man to think like a hero; but hard for man to act like one. All imaginable audacities110 readily enter into the soul; few come boldly forth111 from it.
Did he, or did he not vitally mean to do this thing? Was the immense stuff to do it his, or was it not his? Why defer112? Why put off? What was there to be gained by deferring113 and putting off? His resolution had been taken, why was it not executed? What more was there to learn? What more which was essential to the public acknowledgment of Isabel, had remained to be learned, after his first glance at her first letter? Had doubts of her identity come over him to stay him?—None at all. Against the wall of the thick darkness of the mystery of Isabel, recorded as by some phosphoric finger was the burning fact, that Isabel was his sister. Why then? How then? Whence then this utter nothing of his acts? Did he stagger at the thought, that at the first announcement to his mother concerning Isabel, and his resolution to own her boldly and lovingly, his proud mother, spurning114 the reflection on his father, would likewise spurn115 Pierre and Isabel, and denounce both him and her, and hate them both alike, as unnatural116 accomplices117 against the good name of the purest of husbands and parents? Not at all. Such a thought was not in him. For had he not already resolved, that his mother should know nothing of the fact of Isabel?—But how now? What then? How was Isabel to be acknowledged to the world, if his mother was to know nothing of that acknowledgment?—Short-sighted, miserable palterer and huckster, thou hast been playing a most fond and foolish game with thyself! Fool and coward! Coward and fool! Tear thyself open, and read there the confounding story of thy blind dotishness! Thy two grand resolutions—the public acknowledgment of Isabel, and the charitable withholding118 of her existence from thy own mother,—these are impossible adjuncts.—Likewise, thy so magnanimous purpose to screen thy father's honorable memory from reproach, and thy other intention, the open vindication119 of thy fraternalness to Isabel,—these also are impossible adjuncts. And the having individually entertained four such resolves, without perceiving that once brought together, they all mutually expire; this, this ineffable120 folly, Pierre, brands thee in the forehead for an unaccountable infatuate!
Well may'st thou distrust thyself, and curse thyself, and tear thy Hamlet and thy Hell! Oh! fool, blind fool, and a million times an ass8! Go, go, thou poor and feeble one! High deeds are not for such blind grubs as thou! Quit Isabel, and go to Lucy! Beg humble121 pardon of thy mother, and hereafter be a more obedient and good boy to her, Pierre—Pierre, Pierre,—infatuate!
Impossible would it be now to tell all the confusion and confoundings in the soul of Pierre, so soon as the above absurdities122 in his mind presented themselves first to his combining consciousness. He would fain have disowned the very memory and the mind which produced to him such an immense scandal upon his common sanity123. Now indeed did all the fiery floods in the Inferno, and all the rolling gloom in Hamlet suffocate124 him at once in flame and smoke. The cheeks of his soul collapsed125 in him: he dashed himself in blind fury and swift madness against the wall, and fell dabbling126 in the vomit127 of his loathed128 identity.
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1
enthusiast
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| n.热心人，热衷者 | |
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dubious
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| adj.怀疑的，无把握的；有问题的，靠不住的 | |
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maxims
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| n.格言，座右铭( maxim的名词复数 ) | |
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inverted
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| adj.反向的，倒转的v.使倒置，使反转( invert的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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mirages
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| n.海市蜃楼，幻景( mirage的名词复数 ) | |
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treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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ass
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| n.驴；傻瓜，蠢笨的人 | |
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blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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10
lurking
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| 潜在 | |
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gregariously
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conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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13
goaded
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| v.刺激( goad的过去式和过去分词 )；激励；（用尖棒）驱赶；驱使（或怂恿、刺激）某人 | |
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aggression
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| n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害 | |
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inevitably
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| adv.不可避免地；必然发生地 | |
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16
afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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deplored
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| v.悲叹，痛惜，强烈反对( deplore的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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18
lamentable
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| adj.令人惋惜的，悔恨的 | |
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19
portray
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| v.描写，描述；画(人物、景象等) | |
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20
slumbers
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| 睡眠，安眠( slumber的名词复数 ) | |
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21
discourteously
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| adv.不礼貌地，粗鲁地 | |
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22
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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23
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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24
repent
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| v.悔悟，悔改，忏悔，后悔 | |
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meditations
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| 默想( meditation的名词复数 )； 默念； 沉思； 冥想 | |
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meditation
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| n.熟虑，（尤指宗教的）默想，沉思，（pl.）冥想录 | |
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agitated
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| adj.被鼓动的，不安的 | |
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28
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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29
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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peremptorily
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| adv.紧急地，不容分说地，专横地 | |
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31
impulsive
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| adj.冲动的，刺激的；有推动力的 | |
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32
malice
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| n.恶意，怨恨，蓄意；[律]预谋 | |
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33
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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34
interval
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| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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36
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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37
miraculous
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| adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的 | |
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speculative
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| adj.思索性的，暝想性的，推理的 | |
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abide
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| vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受 | |
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40
onsets
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| 攻击，袭击（onset的复数形式） | |
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assail
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| v.猛烈攻击，抨击，痛斥 | |
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permanently
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| adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地 | |
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hordes
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| n.移动着的一大群( horde的名词复数 )；部落 | |
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teeming
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| adj.丰富的v.充满( teem的现在分词 )；到处都是；（指水、雨等）暴降；倾注 | |
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45
lasting
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| adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持 | |
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46
indite
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| v.写（文章，信等）创作 | |
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47
discriminated
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| 分别，辨别，区分( discriminate的过去式和过去分词 )； 歧视，有差别地对待 | |
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partnership
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| n.合作关系，伙伴关系 | |
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49
upbraided
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| v.责备，申斥，谴责( upbraid的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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radical
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| n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的 | |
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51
espousing
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| v.（决定）支持，拥护（目标、主张等）( espouse的现在分词 ) | |
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52
manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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53
eventual
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| adj.最后的，结局的，最终的 | |
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54
alleviation
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| n. 减轻，缓和，解痛物 | |
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55
droops
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| 弯曲或下垂，发蔫( droop的名词复数 ) | |
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melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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57
virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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58
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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preludes
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| n.开端( prelude的名词复数 )；序幕；序曲；短篇作品 | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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61
ignominious
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| adj.可鄙的，不光彩的，耻辱的 | |
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repulsed
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| v.击退( repulse的过去式和过去分词 )；驳斥；拒绝 | |
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faltering
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| 犹豫的，支吾的，蹒跚的 | |
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inhuman
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| adj.残忍的，不人道的，无人性的 | |
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deride
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| v.嘲弄，愚弄 | |
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66
eccentricity
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| n.古怪，反常，怪癖 | |
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altercation
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| n.争吵，争论 | |
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precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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mansion
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| n.大厦，大楼；宅第 | |
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chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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73
inferno
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| n.火海；地狱般的场所 | |
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woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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petrifying
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| v.吓呆，使麻木( petrify的现在分词 )；使吓呆，使惊呆；僵化 | |
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76
pebble
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| n.卵石，小圆石 | |
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77
affronts
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| n.（当众）侮辱，（故意）冒犯( affront的名词复数 )v.勇敢地面对( affront的第三人称单数 )；相遇 | |
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immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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80
malediction
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| n.诅咒 | |
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81
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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malicious
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| adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的 | |
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muse
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| n.缪斯（希腊神话中的女神），创作灵感 | |
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84
antidote
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| n.解毒药，解毒剂 | |
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85
judicious
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| adj.明智的，明断的，能作出明智决定的 | |
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pervading
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| v.遍及，弥漫( pervade的现在分词 ) | |
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adepts
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| n.专家，能手( adept的名词复数 ) | |
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qualified
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| adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的 | |
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initiating
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| v.开始( initiate的现在分词 )；传授；发起；接纳新成员 | |
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purely
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| adv.纯粹地，完全地 | |
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painstaking
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| adj.苦干的；艰苦的，费力的，刻苦的 | |
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complacently
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| adv. 满足地, 自满地, 沾沾自喜地 | |
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expatiates
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| v.详述，细说( expatiate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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evoked
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| [医]诱发的 | |
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impartially
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| adv.公平地，无私地 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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vaults
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| n.拱顶( vault的名词复数 )；地下室；撑物跳高；墓穴 | |
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shreds
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| v.撕碎，切碎( shred的第三人称单数 )；用撕毁机撕毁（文件） | |
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trampled
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| 踩( trample的过去式和过去分词 )； 践踏； 无视； 侵犯 | |
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insinuated
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| v.暗示( insinuate的过去式和过去分词 )；巧妙或迂回地潜入；（使）缓慢进入；慢慢伸入 | |
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103
taunted
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| 嘲讽( taunt的过去式和过去分词 )； 嘲弄； 辱骂； 奚落 | |
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104
juggling
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| n. 欺骗, 杂耍(=jugglery) adj. 欺骗的, 欺诈的 动词juggle的现在分词 | |
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105
postponing
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| v.延期，推迟( postpone的现在分词 ) | |
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106
meditative
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| adj.沉思的，冥想的 | |
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107
consecrated
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| adj.神圣的，被视为神圣的v.把…奉为神圣，给…祝圣( consecrate的过去式和过去分词 )；奉献 | |
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108
skulking
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| v.潜伏，偷偷摸摸地走动，鬼鬼祟祟地活动( skulk的现在分词 ) | |
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109
stammered
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| v.结巴地说出( stammer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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110
audacities
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| n.大胆( audacity的名词复数 )；鲁莽；胆大妄为；鲁莽行为 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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112
defer
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| vt.推迟，拖延；vi.(to)遵从，听从，服从 | |
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113
deferring
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| v.拖延，延缓，推迟( defer的现在分词 )；服从某人的意愿，遵从 | |
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114
spurning
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| v.一脚踢开，拒绝接受( spurn的现在分词 ) | |
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115
spurn
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| v.拒绝，摈弃；n.轻视的拒绝；踢开 | |
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116
unnatural
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| adj.不自然的；反常的 | |
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117
accomplices
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| 从犯，帮凶，同谋( accomplice的名词复数 ) | |
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118
withholding
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| 扣缴税款 | |
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119
vindication
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| n.洗冤，证实 | |
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120
ineffable
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| adj.无法表达的，不可言喻的 | |
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121
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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122
absurdities
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| n.极端无理性( absurdity的名词复数 )；荒谬；谬论；荒谬的行为 | |
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123
sanity
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| n.心智健全，神智正常，判断正确 | |
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124
suffocate
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| vt.使窒息，使缺氧，阻碍；vi.窒息，窒息而亡，阻碍发展 | |
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125
collapsed
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| adj.倒塌的 | |
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126
dabbling
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| v.涉猎( dabble的现在分词 )；涉足；浅尝；少量投资 | |
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127
vomit
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| v.呕吐，作呕；n.呕吐物，吐出物 | |
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128
loathed
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| v.憎恨，厌恶( loathe的过去式和过去分词 )；极不喜欢 | |
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