INASMUCH as by various indirect intimations much more than ordinary natural genius has been imputed1 to Pierre, it may have seemed an inconsistency, that only the merest magazine papers should have been thus far the sole productions of his mind. Nor need it be added, that, in the soberest earnest, those papers contained nothing uncommon3; indeed—entirely4 now to drop all irony5, if hitherto any thing like that has been indulged in—those fugitive6 things of Master Pierre's were the veriest common-place.
It is true, as I long before said, that Nature at Saddle Meadows had very early been as a benediction7 to Pierre;—had blown her wind-clarion to him from the blue hills, and murmured melodious8 secrecies9 to him by her streams and her woods. But while nature thus very early and very abundantly feeds us, she is very late in tutoring us as to the proper methodization of our diet. Or,—to change the metaphor,—there are immense quarries10 of fine marble; but how to get it out; how to chisel11 it; how to construct any temple? Youth must wholly quit, then, the quarry12, for awhile; and not only go forth13, and get tools to use in the quarry, but must go and thoroughly14 study architecture. Now the quarry-discoverer is long before the stone-cutter; and the stone-cutter is long before the architect; and the architect is long before the temple; for the temple is the crown of the world.
Yes; Pierre was not only very unarchitectural at that time, but Pierre was very young, indeed, at that time. And it is often to be observed, that as in digging for precious metals in the mines, much earthy rubbish has first to be troublesomely handled and thrown out; so, in digging in one's soul for the fine gold of genius, much dullness and common-place is first brought to light. Happy would it be, if the man possessed15 in himself some receptacle for his own rubbish of this sort: but he is like the occupant of a dwelling16, whose refuse can not be clapped into his own cellar, but must be deposited in the street before his own door, for the public functionaries17 to take care of. No common-place is ever effectually got rid of, except by essentially18 emptying one's self of it into a book; for once trapped in a book, then the book can be put into the fire, and all will be well. But they are not always put into the fire; and this accounts for the vast majority of miserable19 books over those of positive merit. Nor will any thoroughly sincere man, who is an author, ever be rash in precisely20 defining the period, when he has completely ridded himself of his rubbish, and come to the latent gold in his mine. It holds true, in every case, that the wiser a man is, the more misgivings21 he has on certain points.
It is well enough known, that the best productions of the best human intellects, are generally regarded by those intellects as mere2 immature22 freshman23 exercises, wholly worthless in themselves, except as initiatives for entering the great University of God after death. Certain it is, that if any inferences can be drawn24 from observations of the familiar lives of men of the greatest mark, their finest things, those which become the foolish glory of the world, are not only very poor and inconsiderable to themselves, but often positively25 distasteful; they would rather not have the book in the room. In minds comparatively inferior as compared with the above, these surmising26 considerations so sadden and unfit, that they become careless of what they write; go to their desks with discontent, and only remain there—victims to headache, and pain in the back—by the hard constraint27 of some social necessity. Equally paltry28 and despicable to them, are the works thus composed; born of unwillingness29 and the bill of the baker30; the rickety offspring of a parent, careless of life herself, and reckless of the germ-life she contains. Let not the short-sighted world for a moment imagine, that any vanity lurks31 in such minds; only hired to appear on the stage, not voluntarily claiming the public attention; their utmost life-redness and glow is but rouge32, washed off in private with bitterest tears; their laugh only rings because it is hollow; and the answering laugh is no laughter to them.
There is nothing so slipperily alluring33 as sadness; we become sad in the first place by having nothing stirring to do; we continue in it, because we have found a snug34 sofa at last. Even so, it may possibly be, that arrived at this quiet retrospective little episode in the career of my hero—this shallowly expansive embayed Tappan Zee of my otherwise deep-heady Hudson—I too begin to loungingly expand, and wax harmlessly sad and sentimental35.
Now, what has been hitherto presented in reference to Pierre, concerning rubbish, as in some cases the unavoidable first-fruits of genius, is in no wise contradicted by the fact, that the first published works of many meritorious36 authors have given mature token of genius; for we do not know how many they previously37 published to the flames; or privately38 published in their own brains, and suppressed there as quickly. And in the inferior instances of an immediate39 literary success, in very young writers, it will be almost invariably observable, that for that instant success they were chiefly indebted to some rich and peculiar40 experience in life, embodied41 in a book, which because, for that cause, containing original matter, the author himself, forsooth, is to be considered original; in this way, many very original books, being the product of very unoriginal minds. Indeed, man has only to be but a little circumspect42, and away flies the last rag of his vanity. The world is forever babbling43 of originality44; but there never yet was an original man, in the sense intended by the world; the first man himself—who according to the Rabbins was also the first author—not being an original; the only original author being God. Had Milton's been the lot of Caspar Hauser, Milton would have been vacant as he. For though the naked soul of man doth assuredly contain one latent element of intellectual productiveness; yet never was there a child born solely45 from one parent; the visible world of experience being that procreative thing which impregnates the muses46; self-reciprocally efficient hermaphrodites being but a fable47.
There is infinite nonsense in the world on all of these matters; hence blame me not if I contribute my mite48. It is impossible to talk or to write without apparently49 throwing oneself helplessly open; the Invulnerable Knight50 wears his visor down. Still, it is pleasant to chat; for it passes the time ere we go to our beds; and speech is farther incited51, when like strolling improvisatores of Italy, we are paid for our breath. And we are only too thankful when the gapes52 of the audience dismiss us with the few ducats we earn.
II.
IT may have been already inferred, that the pecuniary53 plans of Pierre touching54 his independent means of support in the city were based upon his presumed literary capabilities55. For what else could he do? He knew no profession, no trade. Glad now perhaps might he have been, if Fate had made him a blacksmith, and not a gentleman, a Glendinning, and a genius. But here he would have been unpardonably rash, had he not already, in some degree, actually tested the fact, in his own personal experience, that it is not altogether impossible for a magazine contributor to Juvenile56 American literature to receive a few pence in exchange for his ditties. Such cases stand upon imperishable record, and it were both folly57 and ingratitude58 to disown them.
But since the fine social position and noble patrimony59 of Pierre, had thus far rendered it altogether unnecessary for him to earn the least farthing of his own in the world, whether by hand or by brain; it may seem desirable to explain a little here as we go. We shall do so, but always including, the preamble60.
Sometimes every possible maxim61 or thought seems an old one; yet it is among the elder of the things in that unaugmentable stock, that never mind what one's situation may be, however prosperous and happy, he will still be impatient of it; he will still reach out of himself, and beyond every present condition. So, while many a poor be-inked galley-slave, toiling62 with the heavy oar63 of a quill64, to gain something wherewithal to stave off the cravings of nature; and in his hours of morbid65 self-reproach, regarding his paltry wages, at all events, as an unavoidable disgrace to him; while this galley-slave of letters would have leaped with delight—reckless of the feeble seams of his pantaloons—at the most distant prospect66 of inheriting the broad farms of Saddle Meadows, lord of an all-sufficing income, and forever exempt67 from wearing on his hands those treacherous68 plague-spots of indigence—videlicet, blots69 from the inkstand;—Pierre himself, the undoubted and actual possessor of the things only longingly70 and hopelessly imagined by the other; the then top of Pierre's worldly ambition, was the being able to boast that he had written such matters as publishers would pay something for in the way of a mere business transaction, which they thought would prove profitable. Yet altogether weak and silly as this may seem in Pierre, let us preambillically examine a little further, and see if it be so indeed.
Pierre was proud; and a proud man—proud with the sort of pride now meant—ever holds but lightly those things, however beneficent, which he did not for himself procure71. Were such pride carried out to its legitimate72 end, the man would eat no bread, the seeds whereof he had not himself put into the soil, not entirely without humiliation73, that even that seed must be borrowed from some previous planter. A proud man likes to feel himself in himself, and not by reflection in others. He likes to be not only his own Alpha and Omega, but to be distinctly all the intermediate gradations, and then to slope off on his own spine74 either way, into the endless impalpable ether. What a glory it was then to Pierre, when first in his two gentlemanly hands he jingled75 the wages of labor76! Talk of drums and the fife; the echo of coin of one's own earning is more inspiring than all the trumpets77 of Sparta. How disdainfully now he eyed the sumptuousness79 of his hereditary80 halls—the hangings, and the pictures, and the bragging81 historic armorials and the banners of the Glendinning renown82; confident, that if need should come, he would not be forced to turn resurrectionist, and dig up his grandfather's Indian-chief grave for the ancestral sword and shield, ignominiously83 to pawn84 them for a living! He could live on himself. Oh, twice-blessed now, in the feeling of practical capacity, was Pierre.
The mechanic, the day-laborer, has but one way to live; his body must provide for his body. But not only could Pierre in some sort, do that; he could do the other; and letting his body stay lazily at home, send off his soul to labor, and his soul would come faithfully back and pay his body her wages. So, some unprofessional gentlemen of the aristocratic South, who happen to own slaves, give those slaves liberty to go and seek work, and every night return with their wages, which constitute those idle gentlemen's income. Both ambidexter and quadruple-armed is that man, who in a day-laborer's body, possesses a day-laboring soul. Yet let not such an one be over-confident. Our God is a jealous God; He wills not that any man should permanently85 possess the least shadow of His own self-sufficient attributes. Yoke86 the body to the soul, and put both to the plough, and the one or the other must in the end assuredly drop in the furrow87. Keep, then, thy body effeminate for labor, and thy soul laboriously88 robust89; or else thy soul effeminate for labor, and thy body laboriously robust. Elect! the two will not lastingly90 abide91 in one yoke. Thus over the most vigorous and soaring conceits92, doth the cloud of Truth come stealing; thus doth the shot, even of a sixty-two-pounder pointed93 upward, light at last on the earth; for strive we how we may, we can not overshoot the earth's orbit, to receive the attractions of other planets; Earth's law of gravitation extends far beyond her own atmosphere.
In the operative opinion of this world, he who is already fully78 provided with what is necessary for him, that man shall have more; while he who is deplorably destitute94 of the same, he shall have taken away from him even that which he hath. Yet the world vows95 it is a very plain, downright matter-of-fact, plodding96, humane97 sort of world. It is governed only by the simplest principles, and scorns all ambiguities98, all transcendentals, and all manner of juggling100. Now some imaginatively heterodoxical men are often surprisingly twitted upon their willful inverting101 of all common-sense notions, their absurd and all-displacing transcendentals, which say three is four, and two and two make ten. But if the eminent102 Jugglarius himself ever advocated in mere words a doctrine103 one thousandth part so ridiculous and subversive104 of all practical sense, as that doctrine which the world actually and eternally practices, of giving unto him who already hath more than enough, still more of the superfluous105 article, and taking away from him who hath nothing at all, even that which he hath,—then is the truest book in the world a lie.
Wherefore we see that the so-called Transcendentalists are not the only people who deal in Transcendentals. On the contrary, we seem to see that the Utilitarians,—the every-day world's people themselves, far transcend99 those inferior Transcendentalists by their own incomprehensible worldly maxims106. And—what is vastly more—with the one party, their Transcendentals are but theoretic and inactive, and therefore harmless; whereas with the other, they are actually clothed in living deeds.
The highly graveling doctrine and practice of the world, above cited, had in some small degree been manifested in the case of Pierre. He prospectively107 possessed the fee of several hundred farms scattered108 over part of two adjoining counties; and now the proprietor109 of that popular periodical, the Gazelle Magazine, sent him several additional dollars for his sonnets110. That proprietor (though in sooth, he never read the sonnets, but referred them to his professional adviser112; and was so ignorant, that, for a long time previous to the periodical's actually being started, he insisted upon spelling the Gazelle with a g for the z, as thus: Gagelle; maintaining, that in the Gazelle connection, the z was a mere impostor, and that the g was soft; for he was a judge of softness, and could speak from experience); that proprietor was undoubtedly113 a Transcendentalist; for did he not act upon the Transcendental doctrine previously set forth?
Now, the dollars derived114 from his ditties, these Pierre had always invested in cigars; so that the puffs115 which indirectly116 brought him his dollars were again returned, but as perfumed puffs; perfumed with the sweet leaf of Havanna. So that this highly-celebrated and world-renowned117 Pierre—the great author—whose likeness118 the world had never seen (for had he not repeatedly refused the world his likeness?), this famous poet, and philosopher, author of "The Tropical Summer: a Sonnet111;" against whose very life several desperadoes were darkly plotting (for had not the biographers sworn they would have it!); this towering celebrity—there he would sit smoking, and smoking, mild and self-festooned as a vapory mountain. It was very involuntarily and satisfactorily reciprocal. His cigars were lighted in two ways: lighted by the sale of his sonnets, and lighted by the printed sonnets themselves.
For even at that early time in his authorial life, Pierre, however vain of his fame, was not at all proud of his paper. Not only did he make allumettes of his sonnets when published, but was very careless about his discarded manuscripts; they were to be found lying all round the house; gave a great deal of trouble to the housemaids in sweeping119; went for kindlings to the fires; and were forever flitting out of the windows, and under the door-sills, into the faces of people passing the manorial120 mansion121. In this reckless, indifferent way of his, Pierre himself was a sort of publisher. It is true his more familiar admirers often earnestly remonstrated122 with him, against this irreverence123 to the primitive124 vestments of his immortal125 productions; saying, that whatever had once felt the nib126 of his mighty127 pen, was thenceforth sacred as the lips which had but once saluted128 the great toe of the Pope. But hardened as he was to these friendly censurings, Pierre never forbade that ardent129 appreciation130 of "The Tear," who, finding a small fragment of the original manuscript containing a dot (tear), over an i (eye), esteemed131 the significant event providential; and begged the distinguished132 favor of being permitted to have it for a brooch; and ousted133 a cameo-head of Homer, to replace it with the more invaluable134 gem135. He became inconsolable, when being caught in a rain, the dot (tear) disappeared from over the i (eye); so that the strangeness and wonderfulness of the sonnet was still conspicuous136; in that though the least fragment of it could weep in a drought, yet did it become all tearless in a shower.
But this indifferent and supercilious137 amateur—deaf to the admiration138 of the world; the enigmatically merry and renowned author of "The Tear;" the pride of the Gazelle Magazine, on whose flaunting139 cover his name figured at the head of all contributors—(no small men either; for their lives had all been fraternally written by each other, and they had clubbed, and had their likenesses all taken by the aggregate140 job, and published on paper, all bought at one shop) this high-prestiged Pierre—whose future popularity and voluminousness had become so startlingly announced by what he had already written, that certain speculators came to the Meadows to survey its water-power, if any, with a view to start a paper-mill expressly for the great author, and so monopolize141 his stationery142 dealings;—this vast being,—spoken of with awe143 by all merely youthful aspirants144 for fame; this age-neutralizing Pierre;—before whom an old gentleman of sixty-five, formerly145 librarian to Congress, on being introduced to him at the Magazine publishers', devoutly146 took off his hat, and kept it so, and remained standing147, though Pierre was socially seated with his hat on;—this wonderful, disdainful genius—but only life-amateur as yet—is now soon to appear in a far different guise148. He shall now learn, and very bitterly learn, that though the world worship Mediocrity and Common Place, yet hath it fire and sword for all cotemporary Grandeur149; that though it swears that it fiercely assails150 all Hypocrisy151, yet hath it not always an ear for Earnestness.
And though this state of things, united with the ever multiplying freshets of new books, seems inevitably152 to point to a coming time, when the mass of humanity reduced to one level of dotage153, authors shall be scarce as alchymists are to-day, and the printing-press be reckoned a small invention:—yet even now, in the foretaste of this let us hug ourselves, oh, my Aurelian! that though the age of authors be passing, the hours of earnestness shall remain!
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1
imputed
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| v.把（错误等）归咎于( impute的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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irony
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| n.反语，冷嘲；具有讽刺意味的事，嘲弄 | |
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fugitive
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| adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者 | |
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benediction
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| n.祝福；恩赐 | |
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melodious
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| adj.旋律美妙的，调子优美的，音乐性的 | |
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secrecies
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| 保密（secrecy的复数形式） | |
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quarries
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| n.（采）石场( quarry的名词复数 )；猎物（指鸟，兽等）；方形石；（格窗等的）方形玻璃v.从采石场采得( quarry的第三人称单数 )；从（书本等中）努力发掘（资料等）；在采石场采石 | |
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chisel
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| n.凿子；v.用凿子刻，雕，凿 | |
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quarry
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| n.采石场；v.采石；费力地找 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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functionaries
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| n.公职人员，官员( functionary的名词复数 ) | |
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essentially
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| adv.本质上，实质上，基本上 | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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misgivings
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| n.疑虑，担忧，害怕；疑虑，担心，恐惧( misgiving的名词复数 )；疑惧 | |
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immature
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| adj.未成熟的，发育未全的，未充分发展的 | |
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freshman
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| n.大学一年级学生(可兼指男女) | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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positively
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| adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实 | |
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surmising
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| v.臆测，推断( surmise的现在分词 )；揣测；猜想 | |
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constraint
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| n.(on)约束，限制；限制(或约束)性的事物 | |
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paltry
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| adj.无价值的，微不足道的 | |
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unwillingness
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| n. 不愿意，不情愿 | |
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baker
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| n.面包师 | |
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lurks
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| n.潜在，潜伏；（lurk的复数形式）vi.潜伏，埋伏（lurk的第三人称单数形式） | |
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rouge
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| n.胭脂，口红唇膏；v.(在…上)擦口红 | |
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alluring
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| adj.吸引人的，迷人的 | |
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snug
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| adj.温暖舒适的，合身的，安全的；v.使整洁干净，舒适地依靠，紧贴；n.（英）酒吧里的私房 | |
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sentimental
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| adj.多愁善感的，感伤的 | |
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meritorious
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| adj.值得赞赏的 | |
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previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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privately
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| adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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embodied
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| v.表现( embody的过去式和过去分词 )；象征；包括；包含 | |
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circumspect
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| adj.慎重的，谨慎的 | |
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babbling
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| n.胡说，婴儿发出的咿哑声adj.胡说的v.喋喋不休( babble的现在分词 )；作潺潺声（如流水）；含糊不清地说话；泄漏秘密 | |
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originality
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| n.创造力，独创性；新颖 | |
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solely
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| adv.仅仅，唯一地 | |
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muses
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的第三人称单数 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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fable
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| n.寓言；童话；神话 | |
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mite
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| n.极小的东西；小铜币 | |
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apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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50
knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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51
incited
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| 刺激，激励，煽动( incite的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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gapes
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| v.目瞪口呆地凝视( gape的第三人称单数 )；张开，张大 | |
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53
pecuniary
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| adj.金钱的；金钱上的 | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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capabilities
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| n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力 | |
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juvenile
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| n.青少年，少年读物；adj.青少年的，幼稚的 | |
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57
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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58
ingratitude
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| n.忘恩负义 | |
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59
patrimony
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| n.世袭财产，继承物 | |
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60
preamble
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| n.前言；序文 | |
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61
maxim
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| n.格言，箴言 | |
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62
toiling
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| 长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的现在分词 )； 艰难缓慢地移动，跋涉 | |
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63
oar
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| n.桨，橹，划手；v.划行 | |
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64
quill
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| n.羽毛管；v.给（织物或衣服）作皱褶 | |
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65
morbid
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| adj.病的；致病的；病态的；可怕的 | |
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66
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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67
exempt
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| adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者 | |
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68
treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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69
blots
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| 污渍( blot的名词复数 )； 墨水渍； 错事； 污点 | |
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70
longingly
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| adv. 渴望地 热望地 | |
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71
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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72
legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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73
humiliation
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| n.羞辱 | |
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74
spine
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| n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊 | |
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75
jingled
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| 喝醉的 | |
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76
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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77
trumpets
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| 喇叭( trumpet的名词复数 )； 小号； 喇叭形物； （尤指）绽开的水仙花 | |
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78
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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79
sumptuousness
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| 奢侈，豪华 | |
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80
hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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81
bragging
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| v.自夸，吹嘘( brag的现在分词 )；大话 | |
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82
renown
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| n.声誉，名望 | |
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83
ignominiously
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| adv.耻辱地，屈辱地，丢脸地 | |
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84
pawn
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| n.典当，抵押，小人物，走卒；v.典当，抵押 | |
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85
permanently
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| adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地 | |
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86
yoke
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| n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶 | |
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87
furrow
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| n.沟；垄沟；轨迹；车辙；皱纹 | |
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88
laboriously
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| adv.艰苦地；费力地；辛勤地；（文体等）佶屈聱牙地 | |
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89
robust
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| adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的 | |
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90
lastingly
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| [医]有残留性，持久地，耐久地 | |
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91
abide
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| vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受 | |
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92
conceits
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| 高傲( conceit的名词复数 )； 自以为； 巧妙的词语； 别出心裁的比喻 | |
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93
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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94
destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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95
vows
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| 誓言( vow的名词复数 )； 郑重宣布，许愿 | |
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96
plodding
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| a.proceeding in a slow or dull way | |
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97
humane
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| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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98
ambiguities
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| n.歧义( ambiguity的名词复数 )；意义不明确；模棱两可的意思；模棱两可的话 | |
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99
transcend
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| vt.超出，超越(理性等)的范围 | |
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100
juggling
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| n. 欺骗, 杂耍(=jugglery) adj. 欺骗的, 欺诈的 动词juggle的现在分词 | |
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101
inverting
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| v.使倒置，使反转( invert的现在分词 ) | |
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102
eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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103
doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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104
subversive
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| adj.颠覆性的，破坏性的；n.破坏份子，危险份子 | |
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105
superfluous
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| adj.过多的，过剩的，多余的 | |
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106
maxims
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| n.格言，座右铭( maxim的名词复数 ) | |
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107
prospectively
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| adv.预期； 前瞻性； 潜在； 可能 | |
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108
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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109
proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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110
sonnets
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| n.十四行诗( sonnet的名词复数 ) | |
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111
sonnet
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| n.十四行诗 | |
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112
adviser
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| n.劝告者，顾问 | |
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113
undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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114
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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115
puffs
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| n.吸( puff的名词复数 )；（烟斗或香烟的）一吸；一缕（烟、蒸汽等）；（呼吸或风的）呼v.使喷出( puff的第三人称单数 )；喷着汽（或烟）移动；吹嘘；吹捧 | |
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116
indirectly
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| adv.间接地，不直接了当地 | |
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117
renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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118
likeness
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| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
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119
sweeping
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| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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120
manorial
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| adj.庄园的 | |
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121
mansion
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| n.大厦，大楼；宅第 | |
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122
remonstrated
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| v.抗议( remonstrate的过去式和过去分词 )；告诫 | |
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123
irreverence
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| n.不尊敬 | |
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124
primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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125
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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126
nib
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| n.钢笔尖；尖头 | |
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127
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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128
saluted
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| v.欢迎，致敬( salute的过去式和过去分词 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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129
ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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130
appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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131
esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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132
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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133
ousted
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| 驱逐( oust的过去式和过去分词 )； 革职； 罢黜； 剥夺 | |
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134
invaluable
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| adj.无价的，非常宝贵的，极为贵重的 | |
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135
gem
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| n.宝石，珠宝；受爱戴的人 [同]jewel | |
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136
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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137
supercilious
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| adj.目中无人的，高傲的；adv.高傲地；n.高傲 | |
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138
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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139
flaunting
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| adj.招摇的，扬扬得意的，夸耀的v.炫耀，夸耀( flaunt的现在分词 )；有什么能耐就施展出来 | |
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140
aggregate
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| adj.总计的，集合的；n.总数；v.合计；集合 | |
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141
monopolize
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| v.垄断，独占，专营 | |
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142
stationery
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| n.文具；(配套的)信笺信封 | |
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143
awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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144
aspirants
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| n.有志向或渴望获得…的人( aspirant的名词复数 )v.渴望的，有抱负的，追求名誉或地位的( aspirant的第三人称单数 )；有志向或渴望获得…的人 | |
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145
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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146
devoutly
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| adv.虔诚地，虔敬地，衷心地 | |
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147
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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148
guise
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| n.外表，伪装的姿态 | |
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149
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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150
assails
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| v.攻击( assail的第三人称单数 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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151
hypocrisy
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| n.伪善，虚伪 | |
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152
inevitably
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| adv.不可避免地；必然发生地 | |
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153
dotage
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| n.年老体衰；年老昏聩 | |
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