Some account has been given of the various divisions into which our crew was divided; so it may be well to say something of the officers; who they are, and what are their functions.
Our ship, be it know, was the flag-ship; that is, we sported a broad-pennant2, or bougee, at the main, in token that we carried a Commodore—the highest rank of officers recognised in the American navy. The bougee is not to be confounded with the long pennant or coach-whip, a tapering3 serpentine4 streamer worn by all men-of-war.
Owing to certain vague, republican scruples5, about creating great officers of the navy, America has thus far had no admirals; though, as her ships of war increase, they may become indispensable. This will assuredly be the case, should she ever have occasion to employ large fleets; when she must adopt something like the English plan, and introduce three or four grades of flag-officers, above a Commodore—Admirals, Vice-Admirals, and Rear-Admirals of Squadrons; distinguished6 by the color of their flags,—red, white, and blue, corresponding to the centre, van, and rear. These rank respectively with Generals, Lieutenant7-Generals, and Major-Generals in the army; just as Commodore takes rank with a Brigadier-General. So that the same prejudice which prevents the American Government from creating Admirals should have precluded8 the creation of all army officers above a Brigadier.
An American Commodore, like an English Commodore, or the French Chef d'Escadre, is but a senior Captain, temporarily commanding a small number of ships, detached for any special purpose. He has no permanent rank, recognised by Government, above his captaincy; though once employed as a Commodore, usage and courtesy unite in continuing the title.
Our Commodore was a gallant9 old man, who had seen service in his time. When a lieutenant, he served in the late war with England; and in the gun-boat actions on the Lakes near New Orleans, just previous to the grand land engagements, received a musket-ball in his shoulder; which, with the two balls in his eyes, he carries about with him to this day.
Often, when I looked at the venerable old warrior10, doubled up from the effect of his wound, I thought what a curious, as well as painful sensation, it must be, to have one's shoulder a lead-mine; though, sooth to say, so many of us civilised mortals convert our mouths into Golcondas.
On account of this wound in his shoulder, our Commodore had a body-servant's pay allowed him, in addition to his regular salary. I cannot say a great deal, personally, of the Commodore; he never sought my company at all, never extended any gentlemanly courtesies.
But though I cannot say much of him personally, I can mention something of him in his general character, as a flag-officer. In the first place, then, I have serious doubts, whether for the most part, he was not dumb; for in my hearing, he seldom or never uttered a word. And not only did he seem dumb himself, but his presence possessed11 the strange power of making other people dumb for the time. His appearance on the Quarter-deck seemed to give every officer the lock-jaw.
Another phenomenon about him was the strange manner in which everyone shunned12 him. At the first sign of those epaulets of his on the weather side of the poop, the officers there congregated13 invariably shrunk over to leeward14, and left him alone. Perhaps he had an evil eye; may be he was the Wandering Jew afloat. The real reason probably was, that like all high functionaries15, he deemed it indispensable religiously to sustain his dignity; one of the most troublesome things in the world, and one calling for the greatest self-denial. And the constant watch, and many-sided guardedness, which this sustaining of a Commodore's dignity requires, plainly enough shows that, apart from the common dignity of manhood, Commodores, in general possess no real dignity at all. True, it is expedient16 for crowned heads, generalissimos, Lord-high-admirals, and Commodores, to carry themselves straight, and beware of the spinal17 complaint; but it is not the less veritable, that it is a piece of assumption, exceedingly uncomfortable to themselves, and ridiculous to an enlightened generation.
Now, how many rare good fellows there were among us main-top-men, who, invited into his cabin over a social bottle or two, would have rejoiced our old Commodore's heart, and caused that ancient wound of his to heal up at once.
Come, come, Commodore don't look so sour, old boy; step up aloft here into the top, and we'll spin you a sociable18 yarn19.
Truly, I thought myself much happier in that white jacket of mine, than our old Commodore in his dignified20 epaulets.
One thing, perhaps, that more than anything else helped to make our Commodore so melancholy21 and forlorn, was the fact of his having so little to do. For as the frigate22 had a captain; of course, so far as she was concerned, our Commodore was a supernumerary. What abundance of leisure he must have had, during a three years' cruise; how indefinitely he might have been improving his mind!
But as everyone knows that idleness is the hardest work in the world, so our Commodore was specially23 provided with a gentleman to assist him. This gentleman was called the Commodore's secretary. He was a remarkably24 urbane25 and polished man; with a very graceful26 exterior27, and looked much like an Ambassador Extraordinary from Versailles. He messed with the Lieutenants28 in the Ward-room, where he had a state-room, elegantly furnished as the private cabinet of Pelham. His cot-boy used to entertain the sailors with all manner of stories about the silver-keyed flutes29 and flageolets, fine oil paintings, morocco bound volumes, Chinese chess-men, gold shirt-buttons, enamelled pencil cases, extraordinary fine French boots with soles no thicker than a sheet of scented30 note-paper, embroidered31 vests, incense-burning sealing-wax, alabaster32 statuettes of Venus and Adonis, tortoise-shell snuff-boxes, inlaid toilet-cases, ivory-handled hair-brushes and mother-of-pearl combs, and a hundred other luxurious33 appendages34 scattered35 about this magnificent secretary's state-room.
I was a long time in finding out what this secretary's duties comprised. But it seemed, he wrote the Commodore's dispatches for Washington, and also was his general amanuensis. Nor was this a very light duty, at times; for some commodores, though they do not say a great deal on board ship, yet they have a vast deal to write. Very often, the regimental orderly, stationed at our Commodore's cabin-door, would touch his hat to the First Lieutenant, and with a mysterious air hand him a note. I always thought these notes must contain most important matters of state; until one day, seeing a slip of wet, torn paper in a scupper-hole, I read the following:
"To Lieutenant Bridewell.
"By command of the Commodore;
"Adolphus Dashman, Priv. Sec."
This was a new revelation; for, from his almost immutable37 reserve, I had supposed that the Commodore never meddled38 immediately with the concerns of the ship, but left all that to the captain. But the longer we live, the more we learn of commodores.
Turn we now to the second officer in rank, almost supreme39, however, in the internal affairs of his ship. Captain Claret was a large, portly man, a Harry40 the Eighth afloat, bluff41 and hearty42; and as kingly in his cabin as Harry on his throne. For a ship is a bit of terra firma cut off from the main; it is a state in itself; and the captain is its king.
It is no limited monarchy43, where the sturdy Commons have a right to petition, and snarl44 if they please; but almost a despotism like the Grand Turk's. The captain's word is law; he never speaks but in the imperative45 mood. When he stands on his Quarter-deck at sea, he absolutely commands as far as eye can reach. Only the moon and stars are beyond his jurisdiction46. He is lord and master of the sun.
It is not twelve o'clock till he says so. For when the sailing-master, whose duty it is to take the regular observation at noon, touches his hat, and reports twelve o'clock to the officer of the deck; that functionary47 orders a midshipman to repair to the captain's cabin, and humbly48 inform him of the respectful suggestion of the sailing-master.
"Twelve o'clock reported, sir," says the middy.
"Make it so," replies the captain.
And the bell is struck eight by the messenger-boy, and twelve o'clock it is.
As in the case of the Commodore, when the captain visits the deck, his subordinate officers generally beat a retreat to the other side and, as a general rule, would no more think of addressing him, except concerning the ship, than a lackey49 would think of hailing the Czar of Russia on his throne, and inviting50 him to tea. Perhaps no mortal man has more reason to feel such an intense sense of his own personal consequence, as the captain of a man-of-war at sea.
Next in rank comes the First or Senior Lieutenant, the chief executive officer. I have no reason to love the particular gentleman who filled that post aboard our frigate, for it was he who refused my petition for as much black paint as would render water-proof that white-jacket of mine. All my soakings and drenchings lie at his state-room door. I hardly think I shall ever forgive him; every twinge of the rheumatism51, which I still occasionally feel, is directly referable to him. The Immortals52 have a reputation for clemency53; and they may pardon him; but he must not dun me to be merciful. But my personal feelings toward the man shall not prevent me from here doing him justice. In most things he was an excellent seaman54; prompt, loud, and to the point; and as such was well fitted for his station. The First Lieutenancy55 of a frigate demands a good disciplinarian, and, every way, an energetic man. By the captain he is held responsible for everything; by that magnate, indeed, he is supposed to be omnipresent; down in the hold, and up aloft, at one and the same time.
He presides at the head of the Ward-room officers' table, who are so called from their messing together in a part of the ship thus designated. In a frigate it comprises the after part of the berth-deck. Sometimes it goes by the name of the Gun-room, but oftener is called the Ward-room. Within, this Ward-room much resembles a long, wide corridor in a large hotel; numerous doors opening on both hands to the private apartments of the officers. I never had a good interior look at it but once; and then the Chaplain was seated at the table in the centre, playing chess with the Lieutenant of Marines. It was mid-day, but the place was lighted by lamps.
Besides the First Lieutenant, the Ward-room officers include the junior lieutenants, in a frigate six or seven in number, the Sailing-master, Purser, Chaplain, Surgeon, Marine56 officers, and Midshipmen's Schoolmaster, or "the Professor." They generally form a very agreeable club of good fellows; from their diversity of character, admirably calculated to form an agreeable social whole. The Lieutenants discuss sea-fights, and tell anecdotes57 of Lord Nelson and Lady Hamilton; the Marine officers talk of storming fortresses58, and the siege of Gibraltar; the Purser steadies this wild conversation by occasional allusions59 to the rule of three; the Professor is always charged with a scholarly reflection, or an apt line from the classics, generally Ovid; the Surgeon's stories of the amputation-table judiciously60 serve to suggest the mortality of the whole party as men; while the good chaplain stands ready at all times to give them pious61 counsel and consolation62.
Of course these gentlemen all associate on a footing of perfect social equality.
Next in order come the Warrant or Forward officers, consisting of the Boatswain, Gunner, Carpenter, and Sailmaker. Though these worthies63 sport long coats and wear the anchor-button; yet, in the estimation of the Ward-room officers, they are not, technically64 speaking, rated gentlemen. The First Lieutenant, Chaplain, or Surgeon, for example, would never dream of inviting them to dinner, In sea parlance65, "they come in at the hawse holes;" they have hard hands; and the carpenter and sail-maker practically understand the duties which they are called upon to superintend. They mess by themselves. Invariably four in number, they never have need to play whist with a dummy66.
In this part of the category now come the "reefers," otherwise "middies" or midshipmen. These boys are sent to sea, for the purpose of making commodores; and in order to become commodores, many of them deem it indispensable forthwith to commence chewing tobacco, drinking brandy and water, and swearing at the sailors. As they are only placed on board a sea-going ship to go to school and learn the duty of a Lieutenant; and until qualified67 to act as such, have few or no special functions to attend to; they are little more, while midshipmen, than supernumeraries on board. Hence, in a crowded frigate, they are so everlastingly68 crossing the path of both men and officers, that in the navy it has become a proverb, that a useless fellow is "as much in the way as a reefer."
In a gale69 of wind, when all hands are called and the deck swarms70 with men, the little "middies" running about distracted and having nothing particular to do, make it up in vociferous71 swearing; exploding all about under foot like torpedoes72. Some of them are terrible little boys, cocking their cups at alarming angles, and looking fierce as young roosters. They are generally great consumers of Macassar oil and the Balm of Columbia; they thirst and rage after whiskers; and sometimes, applying their ointments73, lay themselves out in the sun, to promote the fertility of their chins.
As the only way to learn to command, is to learn to obey, the usage of a ship of war is such that the midshipmen are constantly being ordered about by the Lieutenants; though, without having assigned them their particular destinations, they are always going somewhere, and never arriving. In some things, they almost have a harder time of it than the seamen74 themselves. They are messengers and errand-boys to their superiors.
"Mr. Pert," cries an officer of the deck, hailing a young gentleman forward. Mr. Pert advances, touches his hat, and remains75 in an attitude of deferential76 suspense77. "Go and tell the boatswain I want him." And with this perilous78 errand, the middy hurries away, looking proud as a king.
The middies live by themselves in the steerage, where, nowadays, they dine off a table, spread with a cloth. They have a castor at dinner; they have some other little boys (selected from the ship's company) to wait upon them; they sometimes drink coffee out of china. But for all these, their modern refinements79, in some instances the affairs of their club go sadly to rack and ruin. The china is broken; the japanned coffee-pot dented80 like a pewter mug in an ale-house; the pronged forks resemble tooth-picks (for which they are sometimes used); the table-knives are hacked81 into hand-saws; and the cloth goes to the sail-maker to be patched. Indeed, they are something like collegiate freshmen82 and sophomores83, living in the college buildings, especially so far as the noise they make in their quarters is concerned. The steerage buzzes, hums, and swarms like a hive; or like an infant-school of a hot day, when the school-mistress falls asleep with a fly on her nose.
In frigates84, the ward-room—the retreat of the Lieutenants—immediately adjoining the steerage, is on the same deck with it. Frequently, when the middies, waking early of a morning, as most youngsters do, would be kicking up their heels in their hammocks, or running about with double-reefed night-gowns, playing tag among the "clews;" the Senior lieutenant would burst among them with a—"Young gentlemen, I am astonished. You must stop this sky-larking. Mr. Pert, what are you doing at the table there, without your pantaloons? To your hammock, sir. Let me see no more of this. If you disturb the ward-room again, young gentleman, you shall hear of it." And so saying, this hoary-headed Senior Lieutenant would retire to his cot in his state-room, like the father of a numerous family after getting up in his dressing-gown and slippers85, to quiet a daybreak tumult86 in his populous87 nursery.
Having now descended88 from Commodore to Middy, we come lastly to a set of nondescripts, forming also a "mess" by themselves, apart from the seamen. Into this mess, the usage of a man-of-war thrusts various subordinates—including the master-at-arms, purser's steward89, ship's corporals, marine sergeants90, and ship's yeomen, forming the first aristocracy above the sailors.
The master-at-arms is a sort of high constable91 and school-master, wearing citizen's clothes, and known by his official rattan92. He it is whom all sailors hate. His is the universal duty of a universal informer and hunter-up of delinquents93. On the berth-deck he reigns94 supreme; spying out all grease-spots made by the various cooks of the seamen's messes, and driving the laggards95 up the hatches, when all hands are called. It is indispensable that he should be a very Vidocq in vigilance. But as it is a heartless, so is it a thankless office. Of dark nights, most masters-of-arms keep themselves in readiness to dodge96 forty-two pound balls, dropped down the hatchways near them.
The marine sergeants are generally tall fellows with unyielding spines98 and stiff upper lips, and very exclusive in their tastes and predilections99.
The ship's yeoman is a gentleman who has a sort of counting-room in a tar-cellar down in the fore100-hold. More will be said of him anon.
Except the officers above enumerated101, there are none who mess apart from the seamen. The "petty officers," so called; that is, the Boatswain's, Gunner's, Carpenter's, and Sail-maker's mates, the Captains of the Tops, of the Forecastle, and of the After-Guard, and of the Fore and Main holds, and the Quarter-Masters, all mess in common with the crew, and in the American navy are only distinguished from the common seamen by their slightly additional pay. But in the English navy they wear crowns and anchors worked on the sleeves of their jackets, by way of badges of office. In the French navy they are known by strips of worsted worn in the same place, like those designating the Sergeants and Corporals in the army.
Thus it will be seen, that the dinner-table is the criterion of rank in our man-of-war world. The Commodore dines alone, because he is the only man of his rank in the ship. So too with the Captain; and the Ward-room officers, warrant officers, midshipmen, the master-at-arms' mess, and the common seamen;—all of them, respectively, dine together, because they are, respectively, on a footing of equality.
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1
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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pennant
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| n.三角旗；锦标旗 | |
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tapering
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| adj.尖端细的 | |
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serpentine
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| adj.蜿蜒的，弯曲的 | |
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scruples
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| n.良心上的不安( scruple的名词复数 )；顾虑，顾忌v.感到于心不安，有顾忌( scruple的第三人称单数 ) | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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precluded
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| v.阻止( preclude的过去式和过去分词 )；排除；妨碍；使…行不通 | |
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gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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shunned
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| v.避开，回避，避免( shun的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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congregated
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| （使）集合，聚集( congregate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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leeward
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| adj.背风的；下风的 | |
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functionaries
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| n.公职人员，官员( functionary的名词复数 ) | |
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expedient
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| adj.有用的，有利的；n.紧急的办法，权宜之计 | |
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spinal
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| adj.针的，尖刺的，尖刺状突起的；adj.脊骨的，脊髓的 | |
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sociable
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| adj.好交际的，友好的，合群的 | |
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yarn
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| n.纱，纱线，纺线；奇闻漫谈，旅行轶事 | |
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dignified
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| a.可敬的，高贵的 | |
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melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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frigate
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| n.护航舰，大型驱逐舰 | |
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specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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urbane
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| adj.温文尔雅的，懂礼的 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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lieutenants
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| n.陆军中尉( lieutenant的名词复数 )；副职官员；空军；仅低于…官阶的官员 | |
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flutes
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| 长笛( flute的名词复数 )； 细长香槟杯（形似长笛） | |
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scented
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| adj.有香味的；洒香水的；有气味的v.嗅到(scent的过去分词) | |
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embroidered
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| adj．绣花的 | |
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alabaster
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| adj.雪白的；n.雪花石膏；条纹大理石 | |
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luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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appendages
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| n.附属物( appendage的名词复数 )；依附的人；附属器官；附属肢体（如臂、腿、尾等） | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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pickles
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| n.腌菜( pickle的名词复数 )；处于困境；遇到麻烦；菜酱 | |
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immutable
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| adj.不可改变的，永恒的 | |
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meddled
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| v.干涉，干预（他人事务）( meddle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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harry
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| vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼 | |
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bluff
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| v.虚张声势，用假象骗人；n.虚张声势，欺骗 | |
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hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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monarchy
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| n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国 | |
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snarl
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| v.吼叫，怒骂，纠缠，混乱；n.混乱，缠结，咆哮 | |
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imperative
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| n.命令，需要；规则；祈使语气；adj.强制的；紧急的 | |
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jurisdiction
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| n.司法权，审判权，管辖权，控制权 | |
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functionary
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| n.官员；公职人员 | |
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humbly
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| adv. 恭顺地，谦卑地 | |
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lackey
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| n.侍从；跟班 | |
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inviting
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| adj.诱人的，引人注目的 | |
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rheumatism
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| n.风湿病 | |
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immortals
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| 不朽的人物( immortal的名词复数 )； 永生不朽者 | |
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clemency
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| n.温和，仁慈，宽厚 | |
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seaman
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| n.海员，水手，水兵 | |
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lieutenancy
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| n.中尉之职，代理官员 | |
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marine
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| adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵 | |
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anecdotes
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| n.掌故，趣闻，轶事( anecdote的名词复数 ) | |
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fortresses
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| 堡垒，要塞( fortress的名词复数 ) | |
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allusions
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| 暗指，间接提到( allusion的名词复数 ) | |
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judiciously
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| adv.明断地，明智而审慎地 | |
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pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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worthies
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| 应得某事物( worthy的名词复数 )； 值得做某事； 可尊敬的； 有（某人或事物）的典型特征 | |
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technically
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| adv.专门地，技术上地 | |
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parlance
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| n.说法；语调 | |
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dummy
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| n.假的东西；(哄婴儿的)橡皮奶头 | |
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qualified
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| adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的 | |
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everlastingly
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| 永久地，持久地 | |
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gale
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| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
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swarms
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| 蜂群，一大群( swarm的名词复数 ) | |
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vociferous
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| adj.喧哗的，大叫大嚷的 | |
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torpedoes
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| 鱼雷( torpedo的名词复数 )； 油井爆破筒； 刺客； 掼炮 | |
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ointments
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| n.软膏( ointment的名词复数 )；扫兴的人；煞风景的事物；药膏 | |
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seamen
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| n.海员 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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deferential
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| adj. 敬意的，恭敬的 | |
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suspense
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| n.（对可能发生的事）紧张感，担心，挂虑 | |
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perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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refinements
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| n.（生活）风雅；精炼( refinement的名词复数 )；改良品；细微的改良；优雅或高贵的动作 | |
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dented
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| v.使产生凹痕( dent的过去式和过去分词 )；损害；伤害；挫伤（信心、名誉等） | |
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hacked
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| 生气 | |
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freshmen
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| n.（中学或大学的）一年级学生( freshman的名词复数 ) | |
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sophomores
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| n.（中等、专科学校或大学的）二年级学生( sophomore的名词复数 ) | |
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frigates
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| n.快速军舰( frigate的名词复数 ) | |
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slippers
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| n. 拖鞋 | |
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tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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populous
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| adj.人口稠密的，人口众多的 | |
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descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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steward
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| n.乘务员，服务员；看管人；膳食管理员 | |
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sergeants
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| 警官( sergeant的名词复数 )； （美国警察）警佐； （英国警察）巡佐； 陆军（或空军）中士 | |
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constable
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| n.(英国)警察，警官 | |
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rattan
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| n.藤条，藤杖 | |
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delinquents
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| n.（尤指青少年）有过失的人，违法的人( delinquent的名词复数 ) | |
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reigns
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| n.君主的统治( reign的名词复数 )；君主统治时期；任期；当政期 | |
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laggards
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| n.落后者( laggard的名词复数 ) | |
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dodge
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| v.闪开，躲开，避开；n.妙计，诡计 | |
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ushers
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| n.引座员( usher的名词复数 )；招待员；门房；助理教员v.引，领，陪同( usher的第三人称单数 ) | |
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spines
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| n.脊柱( spine的名词复数 )；脊椎；（动植物的）刺；书脊 | |
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predilections
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| n.偏爱，偏好，嗜好( predilection的名词复数 ) | |
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fore
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| adv.在前面；adj.先前的；在前部的；n.前部 | |
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enumerated
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| v.列举，枚举，数( enumerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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