Although fast-sailing ships, blest with prosperous breezes, have frequently made the run across the Atlantic in eighteen days; yet, it is not uncommon3 for other vessels4 to be forty, or fifty, and even sixty, seventy, eighty, and ninety days, in making the same passage. Though in the latter cases, some signal calamity6 or incapacity must occasion so great a detention7. It is also true, that generally the passage out from America is shorter than the return; which is to be ascribed to the prevalence of westerly winds.
We had been outside of Cape8 Clear upward of twenty days, still harassed9 by head-winds, though with pleasant weather upon the whole, when we were visited by a succession of rain storms, which lasted the greater part of a week.
During the interval10, the emigrants12 were obliged to remain below; but this was nothing strange to some of them; who, not recovering, while at sea, from their first attack of seasickness14, seldom or never made their appearance on deck, during the entire passage.
During the week, now in question, fire was only once made in the public galley15. This occasioned a good deal of domestic work to be done in the steerage, which otherwise would have been done in the open air. When the lulls16 of the rain-storms would intervene, some unusually cleanly emigrant11 would climb to the deck, with a bucket of slops, to toss into the sea. No experience seemed sufficient to instruct some of these ignorant people in the simplest, and most elemental principles of ocean-life. Spite of all lectures on the subject, several would continue to shun17 the leeward18 side of the vessel5, with their slops. One morning, when it was blowing very fresh, a simple fellow pitched over a gallon or two of something to windward. Instantly it flew back in his face; and also, in the face of the chief mate, who happened to be standing19 by at the time. The offender21 was collared, and shaken on the spot; and ironically commanded, never, for the future, to throw any thing to windward at sea, but fine ashes and scalding hot water.
During the frequent hard blows we experienced, the hatchways on the steerage were, at intervals22, hermetically closed; sealing down in their noisome23 den24, those scores of human beings. It was something to be marveled at, that the shocking fate, which, but a short time ago, overtook the poor passengers in a Liverpool steamer in the Channel, during similar stormy weather, and under similar treatment, did not overtake some of the emigrants of the Highlander.
Nevertheless, it was, beyond question, this noisome confinement25 in so close, unventilated, and crowded a den: joined to the deprivation26 of sufficient food, from which many were suffering; which, helped by their personal uncleanliness, brought on a malignant27 fever.
The first report was, that two persons were affected28. No sooner was it known, than the mate promptly29 repaired to the medicine-chest in the cabin: and with the remedies deemed suitable, descended30 into the steerage. But the medicines proved of no avail; the invalids31 rapidly grew worse; and two more of the emigrants became infected.
Upon this, the captain himself went to see them; and returning, sought out a certain alleged33 physician among the cabin-passengers; begging him to wait upon the sufferers; hinting that, thereby34, he might prevent the disease from extending into the cabin itself. But this person denied being a physician; and from fear of contagion35—though he did not confess that to be the motive—refused even to enter the steerage. The cases increased: the utmost alarm spread through the ship: and scenes ensued, over which, for the most part, a veil must be drawn36; for such is the fastidiousness of some readers, that, many times, they must lose the most striking incidents in a narrative37 like mine.
Many of the panic-stricken emigrants would fain now have domiciled on deck; but being so scantily38 clothed, the wretched weather—wet, cold, and tempestuous—drove the best part of them again below. Yet any other human beings, perhaps, would rather have faced the most outrageous39 storm, than continued to breathe the pestilent air of the steerage. But some of these poor people must have been so used to the most abasing40 calamities41, that the atmosphere of a lazar-house almost seemed their natural air.
The first four cases happened to be in adjoining bunks42; and the emigrants who slept in the farther part of the steerage, threw up a barricade43 in front of those bunks; so as to cut off communication. But this was no sooner reported to the captain, than he ordered it to be thrown down; since it could be of no possible benefit; but would only make still worse, what was already direful enough.
It was not till after a good deal of mingled44 threatening and coaxing45, that the mate succeeded in getting the sailors below, to accomplish the captain's order.
The sight that greeted us, upon entering, was wretched indeed. It was like entering a crowded jail. From the rows of rude bunks, hundreds of meager46, begrimed faces were turned upon us; while seated upon the chests, were scores of unshaven men, smoking tea-leaves, and creating a suffocating47 vapor48. But this vapor was better than the native air of the place, which from almost unbelievable causes, was fetid in the extreme. In every corner, the females were huddled49 together, weeping and lamenting50; children were asking bread from their mothers, who had none to give; and old men, seated upon the floor, were leaning back against the heads of the water-casks, with closed eyes and fetching their breath with a gasp51.
At one end of the place was seen the barricade, hiding the invalids; while—notwithstanding the crowd—in front of it was a clear area, which the fear of contagion had left open.
"That bulkhead must come down," cried the mate, in a voice that rose above the din20. "Take hold of it, boys."
But hardly had we touched the chests composing it, when a crowd of pale-faced, infuriated men rushed up; and with terrific howls, swore they would slay52 us, if we did not desist.
"Haul it down!" roared the mate.
But the sailors fell back, murmuring something about merchant seamen53 having no pensions in case of being maimed, and they had not shipped to fight fifty to one. Further efforts were made by the mate, who at last had recourse to entreaty54; but it would not do; and we were obliged to depart, without achieving our object.
About four o'clock that morning, the first four died. They were all men; and the scenes which ensued were frantic55 in the extreme. Certainly, the bottomless profound of the sea, over which we were sailing, concealed56 nothing more frightful57.
Orders were at once passed to bury the dead. But this was unnecessary. By their own countrymen, they were torn from the clasp of their wives, rolled in their own bedding, with ballast-stones, and with hurried rites58, were dropped into the ocean.
At this time, ten more men had caught the disease; and with a degree of devotion worthy59 all praise, the mate attended them with his medicines; but the captain did not again go down to them.
It was all-important now that the steerage should be purified; and had it not been for the rains and squalls, which would have made it madness to turn such a number of women and children upon the wet and unsheltered decks, the steerage passengers would have been ordered above, and their den have been given a thorough cleansing60. But, for the present, this was out of the question. The sailors peremptorily61 refused to go among the defilements to remove them; and so besotted were the greater part of the emigrants themselves, that though the necessity of the case was forcibly painted to them, they would not lift a hand to assist in what seemed their own salvation62.
The panic in the cabin was now very great; and for fear of contagion to themselves, the cabin passengers would fain have made a prisoner of the captain, to prevent him from going forward beyond the mainmast. Their clamors at last induced him to tell the two mates, that for the present they must sleep and take their meals elsewhere than in their old quarters, which communicated with the cabin.
On land, a pestilence63 is fearful enough; but there, many can flee from an infected city; whereas, in a ship, you are locked and bolted in the very hospital itself. Nor is there any possibility of escape from it; and in so small and crowded a place, no precaution can effectually guard against contagion.
Horrible as the sights of the steerage now were, the cabin, perhaps, presented a scene equally despairing. Many, who had seldom prayed before, now implored65 the merciful heavens, night and day, for fair winds and fine weather. Trunks were opened for Bibles; and at last, even prayer-meetings were held over the very table across which the loud jest had been so often heard.
Strange, though almost universal, that the seemingly nearer prospect66 of that death which any body at any time may die, should produce these spasmodic devotions, when an everlasting67 Asiatic Cholera68 is forever thinning our ranks; and die by death we all must at last.
On the second day, seven died, one of whom was the little tailor; on the third, four; on the fourth, six, of whom one was the Greenland sailor, and another, a woman in the cabin, whose death, however, was afterward69 supposed to have been purely70 induced by her fears. These last deaths brought the panic to its height; and sailors, officers, cabin-passengers, and emigrants—all looked upon each other like lepers. All but the only true leper among us—the mariner71 Jackson, who seemed elated with the thought, that for him—already in the deadly clutches of another disease—no danger was to be apprehended72 from a fever which only swept off the comparatively healthy. Thus, in the midst of the despair of the healthful, this incurable73 invalid32 was not cast down; not, at least, by the same considerations that appalled74 the rest.
And still, beneath a gray, gloomy sky, the doomed75 craft beat on; now on this tack13, now on that; battling against hostile blasts, and drenched76 in rain and spray; scarcely making an inch of progress toward her port.
On the sixth morning, the weather merged77 into a gale78, to which we stripped our ship to a storm-stay-sail. In ten hours' time, the waves ran in mountains; and the Highlander rose and fell like some vast buoy79 on the water. Shrieks80 and lamentations were driven to leeward, and drowned in the roar of the wind among the cordage; while we gave to the gale the blackened bodies of five more of the dead.
But as the dying departed, the places of two of them were filled in the rolls of humanity, by the birth of two infants, whom the plague, panic, and gale had hurried into the world before their time. The first cry of one of these infants, was almost simultaneous with the splash of its father's body in the sea. Thus we come and we go. But, surrounded by death, both mothers and babes survived.
At midnight, the wind went down; leaving a long, rolling sea; and, for the first time in a week, a clear, starry81 sky.
In the first morning-watch, I sat with Harry82 on the windlass, watching the billows; which, seen in the night, seemed real hills, upon which fortresses83 might have been built; and real valleys, in which villages, and groves84, and gardens, might have nestled. It was like a landscape in Switzerland; for down into those dark, purple glens, often tumbled the white foam85 of the wave-crests, like avalanches86; while the seething87 and boiling that ensued, seemed the swallowing up of human beings.
By the afternoon of the next day this heavy sea subsided88; and we bore down on the waves, with all our canvas set; stun'-sails alow and aloft; and our best steersman at the helm; the captain himself at his elbow;—bowling along, with a fair, cheering breeze over the taffrail.
The decks were cleared, and swabbed bone-dry; and then, all the emigrants who were not invalids, poured themselves out on deck, snuffing the delightful89 air, spreading their damp bedding in the sun, and regaling themselves with the generous charity of the captain, who of late had seen fit to increase their allowance of food. A detachment of them now joined a band of the crew, who proceeding90 into the steerage, with buckets and brooms, gave it a thorough cleansing, sending on deck, I know not how many bucketsful of defilements. It was more like cleaning out a stable, than a retreat for men and women. This day we buried three; the next day one, and then the pestilence left us, with seven convalescent; who, placed near the opening of the hatchway, soon rallied under the skillful treatment, and even tender care of the mate.
But even under this favorable turn of affairs, much apprehension91 was still entertained, lest in crossing the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, the fogs, so generally encountered there, might bring on a return of the fever. But, to the joy of all hands, our fair wind still held on; and we made a rapid run across these dreaded92 shoals, and southward steered93 for New York.
Our days were now fair and mild, and though the wind abated94, yet we still ran our course over a pleasant sea. The steerage-passengers—at least by far the greater number—wore a still, subdued95 aspect, though a little cheered by the genial96 air, and the hopeful thought of soon reaching their port. But those who had lost fathers, husbands, wives, or children, needed no crape, to reveal to others, who they were. Hard and bitter indeed was their lot; for with the poor and desolate97, grief is no indulgence of mere98 sentiment, however sincere, but a gnawing99 reality, that eats into their vital beings; they have no kind condolers, and bland100 physicians, and troops of sympathizing friends; and they must toil101, though to-morrow be the burial, and their pallbearers throw down the hammer to lift up the coffin102.
How, then, with these emigrants, who, three thousand miles from home, suddenly found themselves deprived of brothers and husbands, with but a few pounds, or perhaps but a few shillings, to buy food in a strange land?
As for the passengers in the cabin, who now so jocund103 as they? drawing nigh, with their long purses and goodly portmanteaus to the promised land, without fear of fate. One and all were generous and gay, the jelly-eyed old gentleman, before spoken of, gave a shilling to the steward104.
The lady who had died, was an elderly person, an American, returning from a visit to an only brother in London. She had no friend or relative on board, hence, as there is little mourning for a stranger dying among strangers, her memory had been buried with her body.
But the thing most worthy of note among these now light-hearted people in feathers, was the gay way in which some of them bantered105 others, upon the panic into which nearly all had been thrown.
And since, if the extremest fear of a crowd in a panic of peril106, proves grounded on causes sufficient, they must then indeed come to perish;—therefore it is, that at such times they must make up their minds either to die, or else survive to be taunted107 by their fellow-men with their fear. For except in extraordinary instances of exposure, there are few living men, who, at bottom, are not very slow to admit that any other living men have ever been very much nearer death than themselves. Accordingly, craven is the phrase too often applied108 to any one who, with however good reason, has been appalled at the prospect of sudden death, and yet lived to escape it. Though, should he have perished in conformity109 with his fears, not a syllable110 of craven would you hear. This is the language of one, who more than once has beheld111 the scenes, whence these principles have been deduced. The subject invites much subtle speculation112; for in every being's ideas of death, and his behavior when it suddenly menaces him, lies the best index to his life and his faith. Though the Christian113 era had not then begun, Socrates died the death of the Christian; and though Hume was not a Christian in theory, yet he, too, died the death of the Christian,—humble, composed, without bravado114; and though the most skeptical115 of philosophical116 skeptics, yet full of that firm, creedless faith, that embraces the spheres. Seneca died dictating117 to posterity118; Petronius lightly discoursing119 of essences and love-songs; and Addison, calling upon Christendom to behold120 how calmly a Christian could die; but not even the last of these three, perhaps, died the best death of the Christian.
The cabin passenger who had used to read prayers while the rest kneeled against the transoms and settees, was one of the merry young sparks, who had occasioned such agonies of jealousy121 to the poor tailor, now no more. In his rakish vest, and dangling122 watch-chain, this same youth, with all the awfulness of fear, had led the earnest petitions of his companions; supplicating123 mercy, where before he had never solicited124 the slightest favor. More than once had he been seen thus engaged by the observant steersman at the helm: who looked through the little glass in the cabin bulk-head.
But this youth was an April man; the storm had departed; and now he shone in the sun, none braver than he.
One of his jovial125 companions ironically advised him to enter into holy orders upon his arrival in New York.
"No;" profanely127 returned his friend—"but you are a coward—just the man to be a parson, and pray."
However this narrative of the circumstances attending the fever among the emigrants on the Highland1 may appear; and though these things happened so long ago; yet just such events, nevertheless, are perhaps taking place to-day. But the only account you obtain of such events, is generally contained in a newspaper paragraph, under the shipping-head. There is the obituary128 of the destitute129 dead, who die on the sea. They die, like the billows that break on the shore, and no more are heard or seen. But in the events, thus merely initialized in the catalogue of passing occurrences, and but glanced at by the readers of news, who are more taken up with paragraphs of fuller flavor; what a world of life and death, what a world of humanity and its woes130, lies shrunk into a three-worded sentence!
You see no plague-ship driving through a stormy sea; you hear no groans131 of despair; you see no corpses132 thrown over the bulwarks133; you mark not the wringing134 hands and torn hair of widows and orphans:—all is a blank. And one of these blanks I have but filled up, in recounting the details of the Highlander's calamity.
Besides that natural tendency, which hurries into oblivion the last woes of the poor; other causes combine to suppress the detailed135 circumstances of disasters like these. Such things, if widely known, operate unfavorably to the ship, and make her a bad name; and to avoid detention at quarantine, a captain will state the case in the most palliating light, and strive to hush136 it up, as much as he can.
In no better place than this, perhaps, can a few words be said, concerning emigrant ships in general.
Let us waive137 that agitated138 national topic, as to whether such multitudes of foreign poor should be landed on our American shores; let us waive it, with the one only thought, that if they can get here, they have God's right to come; though they bring all Ireland and her miseries139 with them. For the whole world is the patrimony140 of the whole world; there is no telling who does not own a stone in the Great Wall of China. But we waive all this; and will only consider, how best the emigrants can come hither, since come they do, and come they must and will.
Of late, a law has been passed in Congress, restricting ships to a certain number of emigrants, according to a certain rate. If this law were enforced, much good might be done; and so also might much good be done, were the English law likewise enforced, concerning the fixed141 supply of food for every emigrant embarking142 from Liverpool. But it is hardly to be believed, that either of these laws is observed.
But in all respects, no legislation, even nominally143, reaches the hard lot of the emigrant. What ordinance144 makes it obligatory145 upon the captain of a ship, to supply the steerage-passengers with decent lodgings146, and give them light and air in that foul147 den, where they are immured148, during a long voyage across the Atlantic? What ordinance necessitates149 him to place the galley, or steerage-passengers' stove, in a dry place of shelter, where the emigrants can do their cooking during a storm, or wet weather? What ordinance obliges him to give them more room on deck, and let them have an occasional run fore64 and aft?—There is no law concerning these things. And if there was, who but some Howard in office would see it enforced? and how seldom is there a Howard in office!
We talk of the Turks, and abhor150 the cannibals; but may not some of them, go to heaven, before some of us? We may have civilized151 bodies and yet barbarous souls. We are blind to the real sights of this world; deaf to its voice; and dead to its death. And not till we know, that one grief outweighs152 ten thousand joys, will we become what Christianity is striving to make us.
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1
highland
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| n.(pl.)高地，山地 | |
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highlander
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| n.高地的人，苏格兰高地地区的人 | |
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uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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calamity
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| n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件 | |
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detention
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| n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下 | |
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cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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harassed
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| adj. 疲倦的，厌烦的 动词harass的过去式和过去分词 | |
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interval
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| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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emigrant
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| adj.移居的，移民的；n.移居外国的人，移民 | |
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emigrants
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| n.（从本国移往他国的）移民( emigrant的名词复数 ) | |
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tack
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| n.大头钉；假缝，粗缝 | |
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seasickness
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| n.晕船 | |
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galley
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| n.（飞机或船上的）厨房单层甲板大帆船；军舰舰长用的大划艇； | |
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lulls
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| n.间歇期（lull的复数形式）vt.使镇静，使安静（lull的第三人称单数形式） | |
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shun
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| vt.避开，回避，避免 | |
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leeward
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| adj.背风的；下风的 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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din
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| n.喧闹声，嘈杂声 | |
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offender
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| n.冒犯者，违反者，犯罪者 | |
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intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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noisome
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| adj.有害的，可厌的 | |
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den
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| n.兽穴；秘密地方；安静的小房间，私室 | |
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confinement
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| n.幽禁，拘留，监禁；分娩；限制，局限 | |
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deprivation
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| n.匮乏；丧失；夺去，贫困 | |
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malignant
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| adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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invalids
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| 病人，残疾者( invalid的名词复数 ) | |
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invalid
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| n.病人，伤残人；adj.有病的，伤残的；无效的 | |
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alleged
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| a.被指控的，嫌疑的 | |
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thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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contagion
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| n.(通过接触的疾病)传染；蔓延 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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scantily
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| adv.缺乏地；不充足地；吝啬地；狭窄地 | |
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outrageous
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| adj.无理的，令人不能容忍的 | |
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abasing
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| 使谦卑( abase的现在分词 )； 使感到羞耻； 使降低（地位、身份等）； 降下 | |
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calamities
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| n.灾祸，灾难( calamity的名词复数 )；不幸之事 | |
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bunks
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| n.（车、船等倚壁而设的）铺位( bunk的名词复数 )；空话，废话v.（车、船等倚壁而设的）铺位( bunk的第三人称单数 )；空话，废话 | |
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barricade
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| n.路障，栅栏，障碍；vt.设路障挡住 | |
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mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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coaxing
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| v.哄，用好话劝说( coax的现在分词 )；巧言骗取；哄劝，劝诱；“锻炼”效应 | |
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meager
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| adj.缺乏的，不足的，瘦的 | |
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suffocating
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| a.使人窒息的 | |
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vapor
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| n.蒸汽，雾气 | |
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huddled
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| 挤在一起（huddle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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50
lamenting
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| adj.悲伤的，悲哀的v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的现在分词 ) | |
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51
gasp
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| n.喘息，气喘；v.喘息；气吁吁他说 | |
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52
slay
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| v.杀死，宰杀，杀戮 | |
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53
seamen
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| n.海员 | |
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54
entreaty
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| n.恳求，哀求 | |
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55
frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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56
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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57
frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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58
rites
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| 仪式，典礼( rite的名词复数 ) | |
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59
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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60
cleansing
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| n. 净化(垃圾) adj. 清洁用的 动词cleanse的现在分词 | |
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61
peremptorily
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| adv.紧急地，不容分说地，专横地 | |
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62
salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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63
pestilence
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| n.瘟疫 | |
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64
fore
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| adv.在前面；adj.先前的；在前部的；n.前部 | |
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65
implored
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| 恳求或乞求（某人）( implore的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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66
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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67
everlasting
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| adj.永恒的，持久的，无止境的 | |
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68
cholera
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| n.霍乱 | |
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69
afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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70
purely
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| adv.纯粹地，完全地 | |
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71
mariner
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| n.水手号不载人航天探测器，海员，航海者 | |
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72
apprehended
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| 逮捕，拘押( apprehend的过去式和过去分词 )； 理解 | |
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73
incurable
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| adj.不能医治的，不能矫正的，无救的；n.不治的病人，无救的人 | |
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74
appalled
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| v.使惊骇，使充满恐惧( appall的过去式和过去分词)adj.惊骇的；丧胆的 | |
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75
doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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76
drenched
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| adj.湿透的；充满的v.使湿透( drench的过去式和过去分词 )；在某人（某物）上大量使用（某液体） | |
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77
merged
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| （使）混合( merge的过去式和过去分词 )； 相融； 融入； 渐渐消失在某物中 | |
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78
gale
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| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
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79
buoy
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| n.浮标；救生圈；v.支持，鼓励 | |
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80
shrieks
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| n.尖叫声( shriek的名词复数 )v.尖叫( shriek的第三人称单数 ) | |
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81
starry
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| adj.星光照耀的, 闪亮的 | |
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82
harry
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| vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼 | |
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83
fortresses
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| 堡垒，要塞( fortress的名词复数 ) | |
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84
groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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85
foam
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| v./n.泡沫，起泡沫 | |
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86
avalanches
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| n.雪崩( avalanche的名词复数 ) | |
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87
seething
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| 沸腾的，火热的 | |
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88
subsided
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| v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的过去式和过去分词 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上 | |
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89
delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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90
proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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91
apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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92
dreaded
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| adj.令人畏惧的；害怕的v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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93
steered
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| v.驾驶( steer的过去式和过去分词 )；操纵；控制；引导 | |
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94
abated
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| 减少( abate的过去式和过去分词 )； 减去； 降价； 撤消（诉讼） | |
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95
subdued
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| adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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96
genial
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| adj.亲切的，和蔼的，愉快的，脾气好的 | |
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97
desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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98
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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99
gnawing
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| a.痛苦的，折磨人的 | |
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100
bland
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| adj.淡而无味的，温和的，无刺激性的 | |
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101
toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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102
coffin
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| n.棺材，灵柩 | |
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103
jocund
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| adj.快乐的，高兴的 | |
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104
steward
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| n.乘务员，服务员；看管人；膳食管理员 | |
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105
bantered
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| v.开玩笑，说笑，逗乐( banter的过去式和过去分词 )；（善意地）取笑，逗弄 | |
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106
peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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107
taunted
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| 嘲讽( taunt的过去式和过去分词 )； 嘲弄； 辱骂； 奚落 | |
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108
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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109
conformity
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| n.一致，遵从，顺从 | |
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110
syllable
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| n.音节；vt.分音节 | |
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111
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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112
speculation
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| n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机 | |
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113
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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114
bravado
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| n.虚张声势，故作勇敢，逞能 | |
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115
skeptical
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| adj.怀疑的，多疑的 | |
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116
philosophical
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| adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的 | |
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117
dictating
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| v.大声讲或读( dictate的现在分词 )；口授；支配；摆布 | |
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118
posterity
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| n.后裔，子孙，后代 | |
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119
discoursing
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| 演说（discourse的现在分词形式） | |
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120
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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121
jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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122
dangling
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| 悬吊着( dangle的现在分词 )； 摆动不定； 用某事物诱惑…； 吊胃口 | |
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123
supplicating
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| v.祈求，哀求，恳求( supplicate的现在分词 ) | |
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124
solicited
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| v.恳求( solicit的过去式和过去分词 )；（指娼妇）拉客；索求；征求 | |
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125
jovial
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| adj.快乐的，好交际的 | |
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126
orotund
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| adj.宏亮的，宏壮的；浮夸的 | |
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127
profanely
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| adv.渎神地，凡俗地 | |
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128
obituary
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| n.讣告，死亡公告；adj.死亡的 | |
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129
destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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130
woes
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| 困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉 | |
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131
groans
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| n.呻吟，叹息( groan的名词复数 )；呻吟般的声音v.呻吟( groan的第三人称单数 )；发牢骚；抱怨；受苦 | |
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132
corpses
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| n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 ) | |
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133
bulwarks
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| n.堡垒( bulwark的名词复数 )；保障；支柱；舷墙 | |
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134
wringing
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| 淋湿的，湿透的 | |
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135
detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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136
hush
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| int.嘘，别出声；n.沉默，静寂；v.使安静 | |
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137
waive
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| vt.放弃，不坚持(规定、要求、权力等) | |
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138
agitated
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| adj.被鼓动的，不安的 | |
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139
miseries
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| n.痛苦( misery的名词复数 )；痛苦的事；穷困；常发牢骚的人 | |
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140
patrimony
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| n.世袭财产，继承物 | |
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141
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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142
embarking
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| 乘船( embark的现在分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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143
nominally
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| 在名义上，表面地； 应名儿 | |
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144
ordinance
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| n.法令；条令；条例 | |
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145
obligatory
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| adj.强制性的，义务的，必须的 | |
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146
lodgings
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| n. 出租的房舍, 寄宿舍 | |
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147
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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148
immured
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| v.禁闭，监禁( immure的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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149
necessitates
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| 使…成为必要，需要( necessitate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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150
abhor
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| v.憎恶；痛恨 | |
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151
civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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152
outweighs
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| v.在重量上超过( outweigh的第三人称单数 )；在重要性或价值方面超过 | |
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