But I must not tell you so much of all his successes in athletic6 games. These things are made too much of nowadays, until the training and competitions for them outrun all rational bounds. What I want to show you is, that while he was far more distinguished7 in these than any of you are at all likely to be (or indeed, as things stand, than I for one should wish you to be), he never[19] neglected the real purpose of a schoolboy’s life for them, as you will see from some of his early letters from Rugby to which school we went in February 1834, when he was only twelve years old. These are all addressed to his father and mother, and generally end, “Please consider this for grandmama as well as for yourselves.” No boy was ever more thoughtful of every one who had any possible claim upon him. Here is almost the first of them.
“Rugby, April 25th, 1834.
“My dear Papa and Mama,
“I received your letter to-day. I have got a little cough now, but it is getting better every day. Tom is quite well. I now generally keep among the four first of my form, and I find that by application you are enabled to do yourself greater credit than if you trust yourself to the assistance of books or that of other boys. There are two boys besides myself who always do our work together, and we always take three-quarters of an hour out of school, besides three-quarters which is allowed us in school, to prepare our work. The work of our form is the Eumenides of ?schylus, Homer, Virgil, Horace, and Cicero’s Epistles. The half year is divided into two quarters, one of which is for classics mostly, and the other for history. The books for the next quarter are Arrian’s Expedition of Alexander, and Paterculus’s History of Rome, and Mackintosh’s English History. For Composition we do Greek Iambics and Latin Verse, which is generally taken from some English author, and we translate it into Latin. We also do English and Latin themes once a week. The Easter business is just over; there were three speech days,[20] the rehearsal8 (or first day), the day on which the poor people are allowed to come, and the grand day. On the grand day the day was very fine, and there was a very large assembly of people. The speeches and prize compositions and poems were—
Sixth Form.
Lake.[1]—Latin essay: Bellum civile Mariannum.
Lake.—Latin verse: Ph?nicia.
Clough.[2]—English essay: The English language.
Clough.—English verse: Close of eighteenth century.
Arnold.[3]—Greek verse: The murder of Becket.
Fifth Form Essay.
Jacson.—On the Sources of Pleasure.
Emeris.—Speech of Canning at Lisbon.
Simpkin.—Conclusion of Warren Hastings’ trial.
“The speeches began at one o’clock; they were ended at three, and about 200 went to dine at the ‘Spread Eagle.’ Here Dr. Arnold gained a complete triumph over Litchfield and Boughton Leigh, who wanted to prevent his health being drunk on account of his politics, or their private malice10. I have not much more to say now. Give my love to cousins, uncle, grandmama, and everybody.
“I remain, your affectionate Son,
“G. E. Hughes.”
[1] Now Dean of Durham.
[2] A. H. Clough, the poet.
He writes home of everything, in these first years, except of what he knew would only give pain, and be quite[21] useless—the exceedingly rough side of school life as it then existed. A small boy might be, and very frequently was, fagged for every moment of his play hours day after day; and there was a good deal of a bad kind of bullying11. But these things he took as a matter of course, making the best of what was inevitable12. He used often afterwards to declare, that the boys of that generation made the best fields at cricket he had ever seen, and to set it down to the unmerciful amount of fagging they had to go through. Escape out of bounds before you were caught by a sixth form boy, was the only remedy; and, once out of bounds, there was the river for amusement, and the railway, upon which large gangs of navigators had just been put to work. George became a skilful13 fisherman, and a most interested watcher of the earthworks, and duly chronicles how he has caught a big eel14 in one letter; in another, how “the railway is going on very fast: they have nearly filled up one valley, and carried it over a stream;” in a third how “Mr. Wombwell’s show of wild beasts has come in, I believe the finest in England,” and including “four elephants, a black tiger and tigress, and two lions, one of which was the famous Wallace who fought the dogs.”
Before the end of the second year he had got through three forms, and was nearly the head of the fags, and anxious to try his hand for the single scholarship, which was then offered at Rugby for boys under fourteen. As there was only one, of course the competition was a very[22] severe one. But his first letter of that year contains a passage too characteristic to pass over. So I must leave the scholarship for a moment. We, with other boys who lived in Berkshire and Hampshire, were often obliged to post, or hire a coach to ourselves, as there was only one regular coach a day on those cross-country roads. We used to make up parties accordingly, and appoint one boy to manage the whole business, who had rather a hard time of it, while all the rest enjoyed themselves in the most uproarious manner. George was soon selected as the victim, and bearer of the common purse; and his conscientious15 struggles with postboys and hostlers, landlords and waiters, cost him, I am sure, more pain and anxiety than all the scholarship examinations he ever went in for. Thus he writes in February 1836, to tell of our safe arrival, and then goes on:—
“We had just enough money to pay our journey. The worst of it is, that every postboy, when they see that they are driving boys, at the end of the stage, when you pay them their money, are never contented16, and say, ‘never given less than so and so;’ and, ‘shall be kept up all night;’ ‘roads bad,’ &c. &c., and keep on bothering you till you really don’t know what to do. However, that is over now, and we are fairly settled again at Rugby, and very comfortable.”
And then, at the end of the half, when he has to begin arranging for the return journey, “the Doctor will not[23] take any account of these plaguey postboys, and so always allows us too little journey money.”
“December 11th, 1836.—About our journey money; I do not think that Dr. Arnold gives us quite enough. I suppose he does not exactly know the distance we have to go. He only gives us 30s. each. I think you always give us 6l. (or 2l. apiece) to go there, which just takes us, including everything.”
We were always encouraged to bring our friends home, but how scrupulous17 he was about using the privilege the remainder of the letter just quoted will show you:—
“There is a boy who will go all the way home with us—G——. He is a pr?postor. He is going as far as Newbury that day, where he is going to sleep, and go on in the Oxford18 coach to Winchester, where he stops. Would you think it any inconvenience to give him a bed? It is not, however, of the least consequence, only I think that being a stranger in those parts he would take it kindly19, and be able to return the favour to Walter or Tom at Rugby. If you think it the least inconvenience pray tell me, for it does not signify one jot20: I have not said a word to him on the subject yet. We begin to smell the approach of the holidays; the bills are being made up, the trunks brought down, the clothes cleaned, &c. &c. I shall take care to peep into the Museum on my road through Oxford, as I did not half satisfy my curiosity before. I am glad to hear that Dumple goes well in harness; also that the wild ducks “habitant in flumine nostro, quos ego21, maxime gaudeo;” that Mr. Majendie has approved of my Lyric[24] verses, which, however, I cannot think merit such commendation. There has been a great balloon mania22 in the school lately; everybody has been making a balloon. We set them off with spirits of wine lighted under them, and then run after them. They generally go about five miles, and we always recover them after a hard run. I have cut one out myself from tissue paper, and I will bring it home that I may have the pleasure of setting it off before Jenny. I think she would like to see it.”
But I am forgetting the scholarship.
“Rugby, March 16, 1836.
“I will now tell you what I was examined in for the scholarship; 1st, in composition, Latin theme; subject, ‘Est natura hominum novitatis avida,’ which, as you may imagine, was very easy; Latin verse, ‘The Battle of Thermopyl?;’ English theme, ‘Painting,’ also very easy. In the Latin verse I did seventeen verses in two hours, which was more than any other of the candidates, and I quite satisfied myself in the other two subjects. In Latin construing23 we had a passage from Virgil and C?sar, and in Greek, Homer’s Odyssey24. We were also examined in St. Paul, and, thanks to your abbreviation, I answered all the questions. We have yet to be examined in Mackintosh, French, and mathematics.
“I think now I have satisfied you with respect to the work of the scholarship.”
In his next of April 2nd, he communicates the result as follows, but not mentioning that six of his competitors were older than he, and in higher forms:—
[25]
“We are all quite well. I did not get the scholarship, but I was third. I have been promoted out of the lower into the middle fifth, and I am doing very well in it. We read Demosthenes, Thucydides, Cicero in Verrem, and the Antigone of Sophocles. The great examination at the end of the half is soon going to be set. The middle fifth and upper fifth are examined together, and if I do well in it I may be high up in the fifth at the end of the half.”
He did well, as usual, and got into the fifth at the summer examination. Your grandmother had a small bookcase made on purpose for our prizes, which was being rapidly filled by George. He writes thus to her just before our holidays:—
“June 6th, 1836.—I have got some good news for you. I have got an addition to your rosewood bookcase, alias25 a prize! It’s called ‘Rickman’s Architecture.’ It is very nicely bound, and has some nice pictures of abbeys and churches, with a description of all the fine cathedrals and large churches, amongst which I saw our old Uffington church. Donnington Castle was also mentioned.”
On returning as a fifth form boy he describes the fifth form room, of which he is now free, with great delight, and reverence26 for its “two sofas, three tables, curtains, and large bookcase,” and adds—
“I have got a nice double study to myself, but I wish I had some more books, since I think that nothing makes a study look so nice as books. I must bring some to Rugby next half; I can take care of them now. I have lately been engaged in making an English verse translation of a[26] chorus in the Eumenides, and I will give it you, if you think it worth while reading. I wish you would criticize it as much as you can. I know it is very imperfect, but as it is the first regular copy of English verse I ever did, I think it is pretty good for me. Here it is,” &c.
But I shall not copy it out for fear of tiring you, and indeed I feel that I must hurry over the rest of his school life. When every line and word is full of life and interest to oneself, it is perhaps hard to judge where to stop for the next generation. A few short extracts, however, from his letters during his last three years will, I think, interest you. At least some of the references will show you what a time of revolution you were born into. When we were your ages there was no railway between London and Birmingham: and in all other directions, and on all other sides of English life, the change seems to me quite as great as in this of locomotion27.
“April 1837.—They are getting on very fast with the railroad, and I hear that it is to be finished in August. I intend going to-morrow to Kilsby to see a very large tunnel that they are making for the railroad there.
“There has been a row about fishing. Mr. Boughton Leigh’s keeper took away a rod from a fellow who was fishing in a part of the river that has always been given to the fellows to fish in, but which the keeper said was a preserve of Mr. Leigh’s. The fellows went in a body to Mr. Leigh’s house, but found he had gone to London; they are going to write a letter to him, asking the reason of taking the rod. The fellow who had his rod taken away[27] has caught an immense quantity of pike, and this half he caught in one afternoon two, one 5 lbs., the other three.”
...
“June 1837.—I dare say you will be glad to hear that Stanley[4] has got the English verse; they say it is the best since Heber’s Palestine that has been written; some part of it was quoted in the ‘Standard.’ Vaughan[5] also has got the Porson’s Greek verse, and the Greek Ode and Epigrams.”
...
“September 1837.—There was a meeting at Rugby a little while ago, got up by some horrid28 Radicals29, about paying Church rates, whether they should pay them or not: but there was a very large majority that they should pay them; although half the town are Dissenters30, and another quarter Radicals.”
...
“November.—I suppose Tom has told you that I have been raised to the sixth form, and am now a pr?postor. I do not find the work much harder than it was in the fifth. A Mr. Walker, philosophical31 lecturer, has just been here, and when he found the fellows would not come to his lectures, and heard that they were playing football, delivered himself of this elegant sentence, ‘Brutes, to prefer football to philosophy!’ which you may imagine caused a laugh, and did not at all further his object of procuring32 an audience. This same person afterwards caused an article to be put into the Northampton Herald33 complaining of the conduct of Dr. Arnold, in not allowing the boys to go without permission of their parents. Yesterday the school house, after a resistance of six days, were beaten; but it is not quite certain about whether it was a goal or not, and perhaps we shall play it again. The classing examination is just going[28] to begin. I believe I am pretty well prepared. Clough has gone. Dr. Arnold has been away at London, at an examination of London University. Dr. Arnold’s two sons are now at Rugby, having left Winchester. I have changed my study, and have now a horribly dark place in the bottom passage, which it is the fate of the bottom pr?postor in the house to have, but I shall leave it next half.”
...
“March 1838.—I write to tell you that I should like to write for one of the prizes, as I think it will be a good exercise for me; I have no particular choice, but I should prefer either the English prose, ‘On the increased facility of local communication, and its probable effects on society,’ or the Latin verse ‘On the abdication34 of Charles the Fifth;’ and I wish you would tell me which you think the best.
“The London and Birmingham Railroad has been opened from Rugby to Birmingham, and also from Stoney Stratford to London, but, in consequence of Kilsby tunnel falling in, it will not yet be opened the whole way: it is opened all the way now except thirty miles in the middle. I saw one of the trains go by yesterday for the first time in my life, and I was very much astonished.”
...
“June 1838.—Have you read Mr. Dickens’ ‘Nicholas Nickleby?’ I liked it very much, though I thought some parts of it are very much exaggerated and unnatural35; particularly that about the school, if you have read it. I am sure no one could help laughing at it; but I think ‘Oliver Twist’ much superior.
“The Great London and Birmingham Railroad is to be opened throughout to-morrow week, I believe, so there will be no more coaches to bother us.”
[4] Now Dean of Westminster.
[5] Master of the Temple.
[29]
About this time a scribbling36 fever attacked the upper boys at Rugby. A year or two earlier the Rugby Magazine had gained considerable repute, from the publication of some of Clough’s early poems, and contributions by others of the Stanley and Vaughan generation; and had thus furnished a healthy local outlet37 for the literary secretions38 of the sixth form. But that journal was now no more, so we were thrown back on the periodicals of the outside world. To get a copy of verses, or a short article, into one of these, was looked upon as an heroic feat39, like making fifty runs in a school match. And of all the magazines, and they were much fewer in those days, Bentley’s was the favourite; chiefly, I think, because of the “Ingoldsby Legends,” which were then coming out in it. Mr. Barham was an old friend of your grandfather; and I believe it was through him that George had the pleasure of seeing himself in print for the first time. The editor accepted some translations of Anacreon, which he had done out of school-hours. Here are two specimens40, and though I do not care to see any of you writing for magazines, I should be glad to think that you could render a classic so well at the age of seventeen:—
ANACREON MADE EASY.
η γη μελαινα πινει.
The dark earth drinks the heaven’s refreshing41 rain;
Trees drink the dew; the ocean drinks the air;
[30]
The sun the ocean drinks; the moon again
Drinks her soft radiance from the sun’s bright glare.
Since all things drink, then—earth, and trees, and sea,
Why should you quarrel, my good friends, with me,
Because I love a pot of heavy wet?
Θελω λεγειν Ατρειδα?
I wished the two Atreid?s’ fame to sing,
The song to love and Cupid turned again.
Till Cupid broke my numskull with his bow:
“Learn your own place, presumptuous47, and be wise.
Nought will you get, of that one fact I’m cartin.
Leave to old Grinding Homer blood and brains,
And stick to me, old boy, I’ll make your fortin.”
When “Bentley” arrived at the school-house we were all in astonishment49, and not a little uplifted at this feat, which seemed to link the school-house to the great world of literature. George took it very quietly, mentioning it thus in his next letter home:—
“Sept. 1838.—’Tis pleasant, sure, to see oneself in print. I saw my production in Mr. Bentley’s last number by the side of much more deserving ones: I was very much amused with the last number, particularly with the report[31] of the proceedings50 of the Mudfog Association. The idea of giving the young noblemen and gentlemen a place on purpose for their pranks51 was delightful52, and likely I should think to knock that sort of thing on the head.”
We now went always by rail to London, the guards of those days allowing us, for some time, to travel outside, where we scrambled53 about amongst the luggage, and climbed down into the carriages while the train was going. I often wonder that none of us broke our necks, especially the present Scotch54 Secretary of the Treasury55, W. Adam, who was the most reckless of us all at these exploits. We always managed, during our few hours in town, to call on some of our father’s literary friends, who were wonderfully kind to us. Here is a specimen:—
“March 1839.—I then went and called on Mr. Barham, and we went for a walk, first up into St. Paul’s Library, where I saw some very fine books. We then went to Drury Lane Theatre, and Mr. Barham got us tickets for that night from Mr. Peake, who is, I believe, stage manager. It was curious to see the difference between the theatre in the day-time, and when it was lighted up at night. We then went to the Garrick Club and saw all the pictures there, which were very interesting. We went to Drury Lane that night and saw Mr. Van Amburgh and his lions, which was the only thing worth seeing in the evening. I saw some other lions, authors, &c. whom Mr. Barham knew; I am sure I think he knows everybody. I must not forget to tell you that we went through Alsatia, to a coal wharf56 Mr. Barham wanted to visit.
“Have you seen Sir Robert Peel’s speech about the[32] Corn Laws? I should think he must have tired his legs and his lungs both, before he sat down: I don’t understand much about it, but it seems to cause a good deal of excitement.”
In the summer of 1839 he went in for the Exhibition examination, and did so well that his success in 1840 (his last year) was almost a certainty. But he did not remain for another examination, and I must tell you the reason of his leaving before his time, because, though I was then furiously on the other side, I think now that he was in the wrong. It was one of those curious difficulties which will happen, I suppose, every now and then in our great public schools, where the upper boys have so much power and responsibility, and in which there are (or were) a number of customs and traditions as to discipline, which are almost sacred to the boys, but scarcely recognized by the masters.
It happened thus. Just at this time the sixth form boys were on the average smaller and younger than usual, while there were a great number of big boys, not high up in the school, but excellent cricketers and football players, and otherwise manly57 and popular fellows. They swarmed58 in the eleven, and big-side football, and were naturally thrown very much with George and his friend Mackie.[6] In some houses, no doubt, they were inclined[33] rather to ignore the authority of the sixth themselves, and of course their example was followed by the fags, so that the discipline of the school began to fall out of gear. At last matters came to a crisis. Some of the sixth form took to reporting to the Doctor cases which, according to school traditions, they ought to have dealt with themselves; and in other ways began to draw the reins59 too tightly. There were “levies” (as we called them) of the sixth and fifth, at which high words passed, and several of the sixth were sent to Coventry. This made the Doctor very angry, and he took the side of the disciplinarians. Then came a rebellious60 exhibition of fireworks one evening in the quadrangle. Then an Italian, with a lot of plaster casts, committed the unpardonable sin of coming into the Close without leave, and his wares61 were taken, and put up for “cock-shyes.” He went straight to the Doctor, who insisted that the sixth should discover and report the offenders62; but those who would could not, and those who might would not. The Doctor’s face had been getting blacker and blacker for some time, and at last, one November morning, he sent half a dozen of the big fifth and middle fifth boys home, and told George and his friend Mackie, and one or two other sixth form boys, that they could not return after the end of the half-year.
[6] Afterwards M.P. for Dumfriesshire, a fine scholar and great athlete, who died only nine months before his old friend.
And here I will give you two of your grandfather’s letters to us on these matters, to show you how we were[34] brought up. He was an old Westminster himself, and so quite understood the boys’ side of the dispute.
He begins to George, telling him first about home doings, and then goes on:—
“I have received a letter from Dr. Arnold deserving attention, by which it appears that you have been remiss63 in your duties as a pr?poster, though he speaks fairly enough as to your own personal conduct. He alludes64 particularly to the letting off of fireworks, and the man whose images were broken, in neither of which you appear to have shown due diligence in discovering or reporting the boys concerned. Moreover, he thinks that those pr?posters who have been more active in enforcing the school routine have been unjustly treated with contempt and insult by the larger party of the boys—in fact, either bullied65, or cut; and evidently he thinks that you have been amongst the cutters. Now, it is impossible for me to enter into the exact merits of the case at a distance; and possibly I may not be inclined to see it in all its details with the eye of a zealous66 schoolmaster; but, as you are now of a thinking age, I will treat the matter candidly67 to you, as a man of the world and a man of business, in which capacities I hope to see you efficient and respected in the course of a few years. Your own conduct seems to be gentlemanly and correct. Very good; this is satisfactory as far as it goes. But clearly, by the regulations of the school, you have certain duties to perform, the strict execution of which may in some cases be annoying to your own feelings, and to that esprit de corps68 which always exists among boys. Nevertheless, they must be performed. Those young men who have a real regard for the character of their school, which all of you are ready[35] enough to stickle for when you get outside its walls, must not allow it to become a mere69 blackguard bear-garden, and to stink70 in the nostrils71 of other public schools, by tolerating, in those they are expected to govern, such things as they would not do themselves. When you grow a little older you will soon perceive that there is no situation in life worth having, and implying any respect, where moral firmness is not continually required, and unpleasant duties are to be performed. Were you now in the army, you would find that if you were not strict enough with your men, you would have a pack of drunkards and pilferers under your command, disgracing the regiment72; and would receive a hint from your Colonel, in double quick time, to mend your vigilance or sell out. Ditto, if you were older and a college tutor. I remember a clever, amiable73, and learned man, whom our young fellows used to laugh at behind his back, and play tricks on before his face, because he laboured under such a nervous gentlemanly scrupulousness74 that he could not say Bo to a goose, and therefore they learned little under him. I find myself that a magistrate75 has many harsh and disagreeable duties to perform, but he must perform them, or the law of the land becomes an old song, and his own person ridiculous. So that, in fact, I only urge you to conform yourself, like a sensible person, to the general condition of human life. I am inclined to think that the slackness in your case has arisen more from constitutional ease of temper than for fear of what a clique76 of disorderly fellows might say of you: for if it had been the latter motive77, I am sure you had it not by inheritance from your mother or me. But this ease of temper may be carried to a fault. In a word, you must correct it forthwith in your conduct as a pr?poster, if you expect that I can treat you, as I wish to do, in the light of a young man, and a responsible person: as[36] to my affection, you will always have that, so long as your own conduct is good. Now as to those crackers78; you must have known the thing was childish and dangerous, and forbidden for good reasons. Remember poor Harrow.[7] Therefore you might have interposed in a firm and civil way, and prevented it on pain of instant report to the master, and no one could have complained that you did anything ungentlemanly. As to the fellows who broke the poor man’s images and would not fork out the damage, I wish you had been more successful, perhaps more active, in discovering them; if you had broken their heads I could not have blamed you. But on this I must write to Tom. So good bye; and if you really value my respect for your character, look sharper to your police department. Remember you are no longer a child.”
[7] There had recently been a fireworks row at Harrow, the details of which had got into the newspapers, creating much scandal.
Then, on the same sheet, follows a letter to me. I must explain that I had been one of the image breakers, but had come forward with one of the others and paid the damage.
“I have heard an account of the affair of the images. You should have remembered, as a Christian79, that to insult the poor is to despise the ordinance80 of God in making them so: and moreover, being well born and well bred, and having lived in good company at home, which, may be, has not been the privilege of all your schoolfellows, you should feel that it is the hereditary81 pride and duty of a gentleman to protect those who perhaps never sat down to a good meal in their lives. It would have been more manly and creditable if you had broken the head of ——, or some[37] pompous82 country booby in your back settlement, than smashed the fooleries of this poor Pagan Jew, which were to him both funds and landed estate. This strict truth obliges me to say, though, if you had bought his whole stock to indulge the school with a cock-shy, I should only have said ‘A fool and his money are soon parted.’ It is impossible, however, to be angry with you, as you came forward like a lad of spirit and gentlemanly feeling to repair your share, and perhaps more than your share, of the damage. The anxiety the poor fellow had suffered you could not make up to him. And it is well that you did make such reparation as you did; had it not been the case, you never would have recovered the place you would have lost in my esteem83. Remember, this sort of thing must never happen again if you value that esteem. And have no acquaintance you can avoid with the stingy cowards who shirked their share of the damage: they can be no fit company for you or any gentleman. I don’t know what the public opinion of Rugby says of them. We plain spoken old Westminsters, in the palmy days of the school, should have called them dirty dogs; and so much for them, more words than they are worth. I am glad to find that your general conduct is approved by the Doctor: and now that you have put your hand to the plough, don’t take it off; and God bless you.”
In conclusion, to George:—
“Don’t cut, or look shy on, any of the pr?posters who have done their duty, if you do not think they are acting84 from private pique85, or love of power. This question you have sense and honesty to decide for yourself. I have hinted to Arnold that it may be so, but cannot know it as well as you do, yea or nay86. And if you do your own duty without flinching87, your opinion will have weight with all[38] whom it may concern. The Doctor evidently thinks you could be of essential use to him if you liked, and I am sure he is much too fair and honourable88 a man to want to make spies of his pupils. If you do not back him in what he has a right to enforce, you pass a tacit censure89 on a man you profess90 to esteem.”
George’s answer produced the following from your grandfather:—
“I like the tone of your vindication91 much. It shows the proper spirit which I wish to cultivate, and a correct sense of what your duties are as a member of society. Be assured that I hate as much as you do the character of a talebearer and meddler92, and a fellow who takes advantage of a little brief authority to gratify his own spite and love of importance. And in my reply to Dr. Arnold I said, that having been bred up on the system of ‘study to be quiet and mind your own business,’ you might very likely have fallen into the extreme of non-interference; which I thought was the best extreme for a gentleman to follow. I also hinted that his pets might not be quite immaculate in their motives94, or deserve the good opinion of the more gentlemanly boys of their own standing95, who had a right to form their own judgment96 and limit their own acquaintance, though not to interfere93 with the discipline of the school. What you have said of the fellow who caused the expulsion (rustication I should call it) of the others, confirms me. His conduct, in fact, if his words could be proved, deserves a round robin97 to Arnold from the school; and if you are sure it is so, I will back you with my full sanction in cutting any such malicious98 rascal99. I think you will see after this that I do not speak from the notions of a pedant100 or a disciplinarian, and that I do not care two straws how[39] you stand in the opinion of Doctor this, or Doctor that, provided you deserve your own good opinion as a Christian and a gentleman, and do justice to good principles and good blood, for which things you are indebted to sources independent of Rugby. But with all this I do not abandon my position, of which indeed you seem convinced, that order must be enforced at the expense of disagreeable duties. All I wish is this: put Dr. A. out of the question if you please, and enter into the views of the parents of the junior boys as if they were your own family friends: with this view you will not only protect their sons in their little comforts and privileges, but steadily101 check those habits in them which might render them nuisances in general society, or involve them in scrapes at school. After all, Arnold was right as to the prevention of crackers in the quadrangle, and you ought to have stopped it; on this point you say nothing. As to the investigation102 of the image matter: if you were not there at the time, you may not be blameable for want of success, and if they expected you to pump Tom, or employ any underhand means in getting at the truth, they knew but little of your family habits. Albeit103, I wish the thing could have been traced. It was mean and cowardly, and, if it happened often, ruinous to the character of the school, inasmuch as the fellows did not step forward at once in a manly way and say, ‘We were certainly wrong, and ready to pay for the cock-shy; but the parrots and Napoleons were irresistible104.’ The Doctor would have laughed, and approved. I do not wonder he was sore on the subject, feeling like a gentleman for the character of his school, as Lord B—— would have done for the character of his own parish, had a stranger had his pocket picked in it. Nor do I want you to adopt all his views or partialities. Only suppose yourself in his place: fancy what you would have a right to expect, and[40] remember that it cannot be done without the help of the pr?posters. This you seem inclined to do, and you may do it on your own independent footing, looking as coldly as you please on any clique whose motives may be different from your own. You have no need to court anybody’s favour if you cultivate the means of making yourself independent; and if you only fear God in the true sense, you may snap your fingers at everything else,—which ends all I have to say on this point. ‘Upright and downright’ is the true motto.”
I believe that no boy was ever more regretted. Since he had been in the sixth, and especially in his last year, when he was the Captain of Big-side Football and third in the Eleven, bullying had disappeared from the school-house, and house fagging had lost its irksomeness. The House had regained105 its position, having beaten the School at football. He had kicked the last goal from “a place” nearly sixty yards from the post. The tradition of that kick was handed down for many years, and, I remarked, was always getting back some few yards; so that, by the time it expired, I have no doubt it had reached 100 yards, and become as fabulous106 as many other traditions. His rule was perhaps rather too easy. The loafers, who are always too numerous, had a much better time than they deserved; and I doubt whether the school-house first lessons were done so well as at other times; for, instead of each boy going off to his own study after supper, and stern silence reigning107 in the[41] passages till bed-time, groups of bigger boys would collect round the fires, and three or four fags in one study, and thus much time which should have been given to themes and verses was spent in talking over football and cricket matches, and the Barby and Crick runs at hare and hounds. I know that George himself regretted very much what had occurred, and I believe, had he had a second chance, would have dealt vigorously with the big boys at once. But he had to learn by the loss of his exhibition, as you will all have to learn in one way or another, that neither boys nor men do get second chances in this world. We all get new chances till the end of our lives, but not second chances in the same set of circumstances; and the great difference between one boy and another is, how he takes hold of, and uses, his first chance, and how he takes his fall if it is scored against him.
At the end of the half, Dr. Arnold, with his usual kindness, and with a view I believe to mark his approval of my brother’s character and general conduct at the school, invited him to spend part of his holidays at the Lakes. His visit to Foxhow, and Yorkshire, at Christmas 1839, before he went up to Oxford, delighted him greatly. He had never seen a mountain before, and the fact of seeing them for the first time from his old master’s house, with schoolfellows to whom he was warmly attached, doubled his pleasure. I have only room, however, for one of his letters:—
[42]
“Foxhow, Jan. 6th, 1840.
“My dear Father and Mother,
“I will now give you a more lengthened108 account of my proceedings than I did in my last.
“Last Saturday week I reached Ambleside, as you know. As I was following my luggage to Foxhow I met Mrs. Arnold, and visited Stockgill force.
“Sunday.—I did nothing particular, although it was a splendid day, and we saw the mountains beautifully.
“Monday.—Hard frost. We went up Lufrigg, the mountain close by Foxhow, to try if we could get any skating, but it would not bear my weight. I and Matt Arnold then went down to a swampy109 sort of lake to shoot snipes: we found a good number, but it came on to rain, and before we got back from Elterwater (the name of the lake) we were well wet through.
“Tuesday—Wednesday.—Rain—rain!
“Thursday.—We were determined110 to do something, so Matt, Tom, and I took horse and rode to Keswick, and we had a most beautiful ride. We left Lady Fleming’s on the right, went along the shores of Rydale Lake, then from Rydale to Grasmere, then through the pass called High Rocae (I don’t know if that is rightly spelt), leaving a remarkable111 mountain called the Lion and the Lamb on the right—then to Thurlmere, leaving Helvellyn on the right. Thurlmere is a beautiful little lake: there is a very fine rock on the left bank called Ravenscrag, and on the right Helvellyn rises to an immense height. Then the view of Keswick was most beautiful: Keswick straight before us—Bassenthwaite beyond Keswick in the distance; Derwentwater on our left—Saddleback and Skiddaw on the right, one 2,780 and the other 3,000 feet high, and Helvellyn (3,070 feet) behind us. It was a rainy, misty[43] day, so that we did not see so much as we might have done, and it was only at odd moments that we caught a glimpse of Helvellyn free from clouds, but we were lucky in seeing it at all; they gave us such a dinner at the inn (without our requiring anything grand) as would have made a Southern stare—all the delicacies112 of the season, potted char2 among the rest—and charging us only 2s. apiece.
“Friday.—Rainy. Walked into Ambleside to see Mr. Cotton off by the mail, and afterwards as the weather cleared up we went out on Windermere, and had a very pleasant afternoon.
“Saturday.—A fine day. Tom and I determined to do something ‘gordgeous,’ and so we set out to walk up Helvellyn, and we had some precious good walking before we got up. We started from the foot at a quarter past eleven, and reached the summit at a quarter to one. One hour and a half,—pretty good walking, considering three-quarters or more was as steep or steeper than the side of Beacon113 Hill[8] which we slide down. Although quite warm in the valley, the top of the mountain was a sheet of ice, and the wind blew quite a gale114. It did not, however, prevent us from enjoying a view of nearly fifty miles on all sides. We saw Windermere, Coniston, and the sea towards the south, as far as Lancaster. Ulswater close on the north-east; Skiddaw and Saddleback and Bassenthwaite Lake on the north; on the west the range of mountains in which is Scawfell, 3,160 feet, the highest mountain in England. We saw into Scotland, Cumberland, Cheshire, Lancashire, and Yorkshire. It was a most splendid day, but there was a sort of mist in the very far distance which prevented our seeing quite as much as we should otherwise. Helvellyn on the side towards Ulswater descends115 in a[44] precipice116 1,000 feet, and a long narrow ridge117, called, I think, Straddle Edge, from its narrowness, stretches out at right angles from the mountain, on the same side. There are innumerable places in which a person might break his neck, or be frozen to death without help, as few go up the mountain at this time of the year, it being a continual frost up there. We made ourselves very comfortable under the lee of a cairn, or heap of stones, which had been raised on the very highest point, round a tall upright pole. I got up, and put a stone at the top, and we put a newspaper which contained our grub into the middle of the heap, having first taken out a quantity of stones; how long it will stay there I don’t know. We then proceeded to grub with uncommon118 appetite,—some hard ‘unleavened bread,’ some tolerable cheese, and a lot of the common oat-cake they make in the country. We had some good fun, loosening and rolling masses of rock down the precipitous side into the ‘Red Tarn119,’ a largish bit of water, and into the table-land below. We then came home by Gresdale Tarn and Grasmere, after a good long walk. This was last Saturday.
“Dr. and Mrs. Arnold are very kind, and I have spent a very pleasant week here. I go away on Tuesday to Escrick Park. Next Wednesday week, or about that time, I shall start for London again, and shall be with you about the 20th; till which time
“I remain, your affectionate son,
“G. E. Hughes.
“Love to all.”
[8] A hill in Lord Carnarvon’s park at Highclere, near Newbury.
The ride to Keswick, mentioned in this letter, is alluded120 to also in one which I received in this last sad month of[45] May from one of his companions, who has allowed me to use it for your benefit. Its natural place would perhaps be at the end of this memoir121, but I prefer to insert it here:—
“Harrow, May 23rd, 1872.
“My dear Hughes,
“I had seen so little of your brother George of late years that I seemed at first to have no business to write about his death; but now, as the days go on, I cannot resist the desire of saying a word about him, and of asking after his wife and children. Not two years ago I had a delightful day at Offley with him—the only time I ever was there; and all I saw of him then, and on the very rare occasions when we met by accident, confirmed my old remembrance of him—that he was one of the most delightful persons to be with I ever met, and that he had, more than almost anybody one met, the qualities which will stand wear. Everything about him seemed so sound; his bodily health and address were so felicitous122 that one thought of his moral and intellectual soundness as a kind of reflex from them; and now it is his bodily health which has given way! His death carries me back to old times, and the glory and exploits (which are now so often presented so as to bore one) of youth, and strength, and coolness, have their ideal for me in what I remember of him, and his era. His taking the easy lead at golf latterly, as he did in his old days at football and rowing, seemed to me quite affecting. Tell me about his poor wife; and what children has he left, and what are they doing?
“It will be a great loss to you too. Do you remember our ride together to Keswick some thirty-two years ago? We have all a common ground in the past. I have told Macmillan to send you a little book, of which the chief[46] recommendation is that I believe it is the sort of book my father would have been impelled123 to make if he had had to do with schools for the poor. My kind regards to your wife.
“Affectionately yours,
“Matthew Arnold.”
From Foxhow George went to visit another of his most intimate school friends. During that visit he gave another proof of coolness and courage of a rare kind, and also of his singular modesty124. We at home only heard of what had happened through the newspapers, and never could get him to do anything more than pooh-pooh the whole affair. In fact, the first accurate description of the occurrence came to me after his death, in the letter to his sister which follows. It is written by the schoolfellow just referred to:—
“Dusseldorf, June 4th, 1872.
“My dear Mrs. Senior,
“Your very kind letter of the 20th May has just reached me here: and I cannot express in writing one tithe125 of what I feel. I had no idea of the news it had in store for me; for, having been travelling about lately, I had missed the announcement of the sad loss which we have all had; and so your letter fell on me as a thunderbolt. Poor dear old George! old in the language of affection, ever since we were all at Rugby. Oh! how much I regret now that I never found time in these last few idle years of my life to pay him a visit. And yet, to the brightness and pleasure of my recollections of him, nothing could be added. To[47] the very last he was what he was at the very first: a giant, with a giant’s gentleness and firmness. You may perhaps none of you know that he always felt sure boating was too violent an exercise for anyone. I remember well (and now how sorrowfully) one conversation in which he told me how many of the best oars127 had fallen in the midst of apparent health and strength. How little did I then think he was to go! and yet I recollect126 I carried away with me from that conversation an idea that he suspected he had heart-complaint. Was this the case?
“But I will not trouble you to write out to me abroad; for I trust I may soon return to England, and then I shall take the liberty of writing to ask you to see me at Lavender Hill.
“You ask about his stopping the horses at Escrick. It was in 1840 or 1841. He had been left with my two eldest128 brothers to come home last; and whilst these two brothers were calling at our York Club, George was left sitting alone in the carriage. Suddenly the driver fell off the box in a fit, upon the horses, and they started off. George remembered that in the six-mile drive home there are two right-angled turns; so he determined to get out, run along the pole, and stop the horses. The first time he tried was in vain: steadying himself with his hand on the horses’ quarters, he only frightened them more; so he coolly returned into the carriage again and waited till they had lost some of their speed. He then crept through the window again; ran quicker along the pole, caught their bearing reins, turned them round, and brought back the carriage in triumph to my brothers, who were anxious enough by that time! And then the gentle modest look he had when we all praised him the next morning, I never can forget. Oh, he charmed all: a better creature never lived.
“Tell his boys from me he never could have dreamt even of any divergence129 from truth. As all men of power, he seemed silent and receptive rather than busy; and where you left him, you picked him up; though the interval130 might have been ever so long a one.
“I remain, your most sincerely,
“Stephen W. Lawley.”
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considerably
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char
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vaulting
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| n.（天花板或屋顶的）拱形结构 | |
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vault
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| n.拱形圆顶，地窖，地下室 | |
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touching
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athletic
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distinguished
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rehearsal
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rev
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malice
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| n.恶意，怨恨，蓄意；[律]预谋 | |
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bullying
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| v.恐吓，威逼( bully的现在分词 )；豪；跋扈 | |
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inevitable
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skilful
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| (=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的 | |
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eel
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conscientious
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| adj.审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的 | |
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contented
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scrupulous
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Oxford
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kindly
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jot
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ego
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mania
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construing
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odyssey
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alias
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reverence
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locomotion
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horrid
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radicals
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dissenters
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philosophical
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procuring
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herald
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abdication
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unnatural
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scribbling
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outlet
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secretions
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feat
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specimens
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refreshing
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quaffing
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| v.痛饮( quaff的现在分词 )；畅饮；大口大口将…喝干；一饮而尽 | |
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martial
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alas
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vow
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nought
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presumptuous
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epic
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astonishment
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proceedings
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pranks
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delightful
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scrambled
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| v.快速爬行( scramble的过去式和过去分词 )；攀登；争夺；（军事飞机）紧急起飞 | |
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scotch
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| n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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treasury
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| n.宝库；国库，金库；文库 | |
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wharf
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| n.码头，停泊处 | |
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manly
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swarmed
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| 密集( swarm的过去式和过去分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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reins
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| 感情，激情； 缰( rein的名词复数 )； 控制手段； 掌管； （成人带着幼儿走路以防其走失时用的）保护带 | |
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rebellious
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| adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的 | |
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61
wares
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| n. 货物, 商品 | |
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62
offenders
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| n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物） | |
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remiss
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| adj.不小心的，马虎 | |
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64
alludes
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| 提及，暗指( allude的第三人称单数 ) | |
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65
bullied
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| adj.被欺负了v.恐吓，威逼( bully的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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66
zealous
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| adj.狂热的，热心的 | |
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67
candidly
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| adv.坦率地，直率而诚恳地 | |
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68
corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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69
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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70
stink
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| vi.发出恶臭；糟透，招人厌恶；n.恶臭 | |
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71
nostrils
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| 鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
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72
regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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73
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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74
scrupulousness
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| n.一丝不苟；小心翼翼 | |
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75
magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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76
clique
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| n.朋党派系，小集团 | |
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motive
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| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
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78
crackers
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| adj.精神错乱的，癫狂的n.爆竹( cracker的名词复数 )；薄脆饼干；（认为）十分愉快的事；迷人的姑娘 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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ordinance
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| n.法令；条令；条例 | |
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81
hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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pompous
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的；夸大的；豪华的 | |
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83
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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84
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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pique
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| v.伤害…的自尊心，使生气 n.不满，生气 | |
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86
nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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flinching
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| v.（因危险和痛苦）退缩，畏惧( flinch的现在分词 ) | |
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88
honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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89
censure
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| v./n.责备；非难；责难 | |
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90
profess
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| v.声称，冒称，以...为业，正式接受入教，表明信仰 | |
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vindication
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| n.洗冤，证实 | |
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92
meddler
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| n.爱管闲事的人，干涉者 | |
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interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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robin
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| n.知更鸟，红襟鸟 | |
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malicious
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| adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的 | |
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rascal
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| n.流氓；不诚实的人 | |
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100
pedant
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| n.迂儒；卖弄学问的人 | |
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101
steadily
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| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
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102
investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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103
albeit
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| conj.即使；纵使；虽然 | |
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104
irresistible
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| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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regained
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| 复得( regain的过去式和过去分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地 | |
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fabulous
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| adj.极好的；极为巨大的；寓言中的，传说中的 | |
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reigning
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| adj.统治的，起支配作用的 | |
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108
lengthened
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| （时间或空间）延长，伸长( lengthen的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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swampy
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| adj.沼泽的，湿地的 | |
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110
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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111
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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112
delicacies
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| n.棘手( delicacy的名词复数 )；精致；精美的食物；周到 | |
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113
beacon
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| n.烽火，（警告用的）闪火灯，灯塔 | |
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114
gale
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| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
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115
descends
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| v.下来( descend的第三人称单数 )；下去；下降；下斜 | |
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116
precipice
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| n.悬崖，危急的处境 | |
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117
ridge
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| n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭 | |
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118
uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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119
tarn
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| n.山中的小湖或小潭 | |
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120
alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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121
memoir
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| n.[pl.]回忆录，自传；记事录 | |
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122
felicitous
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| adj.恰当的，巧妙的；n.恰当，贴切 | |
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123
impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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124
modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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125
tithe
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| n.十分之一税；v.课什一税，缴什一税 | |
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126
recollect
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| v.回忆，想起，记起，忆起，记得 | |
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127
oars
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| n.桨，橹( oar的名词复数 )；划手v.划（行）( oar的第三人称单数 ) | |
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128
eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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129
divergence
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| n.分歧，岔开 | |
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130
interval
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| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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