The factory was about a mile distant from their cottage, which belonged indeed to Mr Trafford, and had been built by him. He was the younger son of a family that had for centuries been planted in the land, but who, not satisfied with the factitious consideration with which society compensates1 the junior members of a territorial2 house for their entailed3 poverty, had availed himself of some opportunities that offered themselves, and had devoted4 his energies to those new sources of wealth that were unknown to his ancestors. His operations at first had been extremely limited, like his fortunes; but with a small capital, though his profits were not considerable, he at least gained experience. With gentle blood in his veins5, and old English feelings, he imbibed6, at an early period of his career, a correct conception of the relations which should subsist7 between the employer and the employed. He felt that between them there should be other ties than the payment and the receipt of wages.
A distant and childless relative, who made him a visit, pleased with his energy and enterprise, and touched by the development of his social views, left him a considerable sum, at a moment too when a great opening was offered to manufacturing capital and skill. Trafford, schooled in rigid8 fortunes, and formed by struggle, if not by adversity, was ripe for the occasion, and equal to it. He became very opulent, and he lost no time in carrying into life and being the plans which he had brooded over in the years when his good thoughts were limited to dreams. On the banks of his native Mowe he had built a factory which was now one of the marvels9 of the district; one might almost say, of the country: a single room, spreading over nearly two acres, and holding more than two thousand work-people. The roof of groined arches, lighted by ventilating domes10 at the height of eighteen feet, was supported by hollow cast-iron columns, through which the drainage of the roof was effected. The height of the ordinary rooms in which the work-people in manufactories are engaged is not more than from nine to eleven feet; and these are built in stories, the heat and effluvia of the lower rooms communicated to those above, and the difficulty of ventilation insurmountable. At Mr Trafford’s, by an ingenious process, not unlike that which is practised in the House of Commons, the ventilation was also carried on from below, so that the whole building was kept at a steady temperature, and little susceptible11 to atmospheric12 influence. The physical advantages of thus carrying on the whole work in one chamber13 are great: in the improved health of the people, the security against dangerous accidents for women and youth, and the reduced fatigue14 resulting from not having to ascend15 and descend16 and carry materials to the higher rooms. But the moral advantages resulting from superior inspection17 and general observation are not less important: the child works under the eye of the parent, the parent under that of the superior workman; the inspector18 or employer at a glance can behold19 all.
When the workpeople of Mr Trafford left his factory they were not forgotten. Deeply had he pondered on the influence of the employer on the health and content of his workpeople. He knew well that the domestic virtues20 are dependent on the existence of a home, and one of his first efforts had been to build a village where every family might be well lodged21. Though he was the principal proprietor22, and proud of that character, he nevertheless encouraged his workmen to purchase the fee: there were some who had saved sufficient money to effect this: proud of their house and their little garden, and of the horticultural society, where its produce permitted them to be annual competitors. In every street there was a well: behind the factory were the public baths; the schools were under the direction of the perpetual curate of the church, which Mr Trafford, though a Roman Catholic, had raised and endowed. In the midst of this village, surrounded by beautiful gardens, which gave an impulse to the horticulture of the community, was the house of Trafford himself, who comprehended his position too well to withdraw himself with vulgar exclusiveness from his real dependents, but recognized the baronial principle reviving in a new form, and adapted to the softer manners and more ingenious circumstances of the times.
And what was the influence of such an employer and such a system of employment on the morals and manners of the employed? Great: infinitely23 beneficial. The connexion of a labourer with his place of work, whether agricultural or manufacturing, is itself a vast advantage. Proximity24 to the employer brings cleanliness and order, because it brings observation and encouragement. In the settlement of Trafford crime was positively25 unknown: and offences were very slight. There was not a single person in the village of a reprobate26 character. The men were well clad; the women had a blooming cheek; drunkenness was unknown; while the moral condition of the softer sex was proportionately elevated.
The vast form of the spreading factory, the roofs and gardens of the village, the Tudor chimneys of the house of Trafford, the spire28 of the gothic church, with the sparkling river and the sylvan29 hack-ground, came rather suddenly on the sight of Egremont. They were indeed in the pretty village-street before he was aware he was about to enter it. Some beautiful children rushed out of a cottage and flew to Sybil, crying out, “the queen, the queen;” one clinging to her dress, another seizing her arm, and a third, too small to struggle, pouting30 out its lips to be embraced.
“My subjects,” said Sybil laughing, as she greeted them all; and then they ran away to announce to others that their queen had arrived.
Others came: beautiful and young. As Sybil and Egremont walked along, the race too tender for labour, seemed to spring out of every cottage to greet “their queen.” Her visits had been very rare of late, but they were never forgotten; they formed epochs in the village annals of the children, some of whom knew only by tradition the golden age when Sybil Gerard lived at the great house, and daily glanced like a spirit among their homes, smiling and met with smiles, blessing31 and ever blessed.
“And here,” she said to Egremont, “I must bid you good bye; and this little boy,” touching32 gently on his head a very serious urchin33 who had never left her side for a moment, proud of his position, and holding tight her hand with all his strength, “this little boy shall be your guide. It is not a hundred yards. Now, Pierce, you must take Mr Franklin to the factory, and ask for Mr Gerard.” And she went her way.
They had not separated five minutes when the sound of whirling wheels caught the ear of Egremont, and, looking round, he saw a cavalcade34 of great pretension35 rapidly approaching; dames37 and cavaliers on horseback; a brilliant equipage, postilions and four horses; a crowd of grooms38. Egremont stood aside. The horsemen and horsewomen caracoled gaily39 by him; proudly swept on the sparkling barouche; the saucy40 grooms pranced41 in his face. Their masters and mistresses were not strangers to him: he recognized with some dismay the liveries, and then the arms of Lord de Mowbray, and caught the cold, proud countenance42 of Lady Joan, and the flexible visage of Lady Maud, both on horseback, and surrounded by admiring cavaliers.
Egremont flattered himself that he had not been recognised, and dismissing his little guide, instead of proceeding43 to the factory he sauntered away in an opposite direction, and made a visit to the church.
The wife of Trafford embraced Sybil, and then embraced her again. She seemed as happy as the children of the village, that the joy of her roof, as of so many others, had returned to them, though only for a few hours. Her husband she said had just quitted the house; he was obliged to go to the factory to receive a great and distinguished44 party who were expected this morning, having written to him several days before for permission to view the works. “We expect them to lunch here afterwards,” said Mrs Trafford, a very refined woman, but unused to society, and who rather trembled at the ceremony; “Oh! do stay with me, Sybil, to receive them.”
This intimation so much alarmed Sybil that she rose as soon as was practicable; and saying that she had some visits to make in the village, she promised to return when Mrs Trafford was less engaged.
An hour elapsed; there was a loud ring at the hall-door, the great and distinguished party had arrived. Mrs Trafford prepared for the interview, and tried to look very composed as the doors opened, and her husband ushered45 in and presented to her Lord and Lady de Mowbray, their daughters, Lady Firebrace, Mr Jermyn, who still lingered at the castle, and Mr Alfred Mountchesney and Lord Milford, who were mere46 passing guests, on their way to Scotland, but reconnoitering the heiresses in their course.
Lord de Mowbray was profuse47 of praise and compliments. His lordship was apt to be too civil. The breed would come out sometimes. To-day he was quite the coffee-house waiter. He praised everything: the machinery48, the workmen, the cotton manufactured and the cotton raw, even the smoke. But Mrs Trafford would not have the smoke defended, and his lordship gave the smoke up, but only to please her. As for Lady de Mowbray, she was as usual courteous49 and condescending50, with a kind of smouldering smile on her fair aquiline51 face, that seemed half pleasure and half surprise at the strange people she was among. Lady Joan was haughty52 and scientific, approved of much, but principally of the system of ventilation, of which she asked several questions which greatly perplexed53 Mrs Trafford, who slightly blushed, and looked at her husband for relief, but he was engaged with Lady Maud, who was full of enthusiasm, entered into everything with the zest54 of sympathy, identified herself with the factory system almost as much as she had done with the crusades, and longed to teach in singing schools, found public gardens, and bid fountains flow and sparkle for the people.
“I think the works were very wonderful,” said Lord Milford, as he was cutting a pasty; “and indeed, Mrs Trafford, everything here is quite charming; but what I have most admired at your place is a young girl we met—the most beautiful I think I ever saw.”
“With the most beautiful dog,” said Mr Mountchesney.
“Oh! that must have been Sybil!” exclaimed Mrs Trafford.
“And who is Sybil?” asked Lady Maud. “That is one of our family names. We all thought her quite beautiful.”
“She is a child of the house,” said Mrs Trafford, “or rather was, for I am sorry to say she has long quitted us.”
“She has just left your convent at Mowbray,” said Mr Trafford, addressing his answer to Lady Maud, “and rather against her will. She clings to the dress she was accustomed to there.”
“And now she resides with you?”
“No; I should be very happy if she did. I might almost say she was brought up under this roof. She lives now with her father.”
“Her father is the inspector of my works; the person who accompanied us over them this morning.”
“What! that handsome man I so much admired,” said Lady Maud, “so very aristocratic-looking. Papa,” she said, addressing herself to Lord de Mowbray, “the inspector of Mr Trafford’s works we are speaking of, that aristocratic-looking person that I observed to you, he is the father of the beautiful girl.”
“He seemed a very intelligent person,” said Lord de Mowbray with many smiles.
“Yes,” said Mr Trafford; “he has great talents and great integrity. I would trust him with anything and to any amount. All I wish,” he added, with a smile and in a lower tone to Lady de Mowbray, “all I wish is, that he was not quite so fond of politics.”
“Is he very violent?” enquired her ladyship in a sugary tone.
“Too violent,” said Mr Trafford, “and wild in his ideas.”
“And yet I suppose,” said Lord Milford, “he must be very well off?”
“Why I must say for him it is not selfishness that makes him a malcontent,” said Mr Trafford; “he bemoans57 the condition of the people.”
“If we are to judge of the condition of the people by what we see here,” said Lord de Mowbray, “there is little to lament58 in it. But I fear these are instances not so common as we could wish. You must have been at a great outlay59, Mr Trafford?”
“Why,” said Mr Trafford, “for my part. I have always considered that there was nothing so expensive as a vicious population. I hope I had other objects in view in what I have done than a pecuniary60 compensation. They say we all have our hobbies; and it was ever mine to improve the condition of my workpeople, to see what good tenements61 and good schools and just wages paid in a fair manner, and the encouragement of civilizing62 pursuits, would do to elevate their character. I should find an ample reward in the moral tone and material happiness of this community; but really viewing it in a pecuniary point of view, the investment of capital has been one of the most profitable I ever made; and I would not, I assure you, for double its amount, exchange my workpeople for the promiscuous63 assemblage engaged in other factories.”
“The influence of the atmosphere on the condition of the labourer is a subject which deserves investigation,” said Lady Joan to Mr Jermyn, who stared and bowed.
“And you do not feel alarmed at having a person of such violent opinions as your inspector at the head of your establishment,” said Lady Firebrace to Mr Trafford, who smiled a negative.
“What is the name of the intelligent individual who accompanied us?” enquired Lord de Mowbray.
“His name is Gerard,” said Mr Trafford.
“I believe a common name in these parts,” said Lord de Mowbray looking a little confused.
“Not very,” said Mr Trafford; “‘tis an old name and the stock has spread; but all Gerards claim a common lineage I believe, and my inspector has gentle blood, they say, in his veins.”
“He looks as if he had,” said Lady Maud.
“All persons with good names affect good blood,” said Lord de Mowbray; and then turning to Mrs Trafford he overwhelmed her with elaborate courtesies of phrase; praised everything again; first generally and then in detail; the factory, which he seemed to prefer to his castle—the house, which he seemed to prefer even to the factory—the gardens, from which he anticipated even greater gratification than from the house. And this led to an expression of a hope that he would visit them. And so in due time the luncheon64 was achieved. Mrs Trafford looked at her guests, there was a rustling65 and a stir, and everybody was to go and see the gardens that Lord de Mowbray had so much praised.
“I am all for looking after the beautiful Nun,” said Mr Mountchesney to Lord Milford.
“I think I shall ask the respectable manufacturer to introduce me to her,” replied his lordship.
In the meantime Egremont had joined Gerard at the factory.
“You should have come sooner,” said Gerard, “and then you might have gone round with the fine folks. We have had a grand party here from the castle.”
“So I perceived,” said Egremont, “and withdrew.”
“Ah! they were not in your way, eh?” he said in a mocking smile. “Well, they were very condescending—at least for such great people. An earl! Earl de Mowbray,—I suppose he came over with William the Conqueror66. Mr Trafford makes a show of the place, and it amuses their visitors I dare say, like anything else that’s strange. There were some young gentlemen with them, who did not seem to know much about anything. I thought I had a right to be amused too; and I must say I liked very much to see one of them looking at the machinery through his eye-glass. There was one very venturesome chap: I thought he was going to catch hold of the fly-wheel, but I gave him a spin which I believed saved his life, though he did rather stare. He was a lord.”
“They are great heiresses, his daughters, they say at Mowbray,” said Egremont.
“I dare say,” said Gerard. “A year ago this earl had a son—an only son, and then his daughters were not great heiresses. But the son died and now it’s their turn. And perhaps some day it will be somebody else’s turn. If you want to understand the ups and downs of life, there’s nothing like the parchments of an estate. Now master, now man! He who served in the hall now lords in it: and very often the baseborn change their liveries for coronets, while gentle blood has nothing left but—dreams; eh, master Franklin?”
“It seems you know the history of this Lord de Mowbray?”
“Why a man learns a good many things in his time; and living in these parts, there are few secrets of the notables. He has had the title to his broad acres questioned before this time, my friend.”
“Indeed!”
“Yes: I could not help thinking of that to-day,” said Gerard, “when he questioned me with his mincing67 voice and pulled the wool with his cursed white hands and showed it to his dame36, who touched it with her little finger; and his daughters who tossed their heads like pea-hens—Lady Joan and Lady Maud. Lady Joan and Lady Maud!” repeated Gerard in a voice of bitter sarcasm68. “I did not care for the rest; but I could not stand that Lady Joan and that Lady Maud. I wonder if my Sybil saw them.”
In the meantime, Sybil had been sent for by Mrs Trafford. She had inferred from the message that the guests had departed, and her animated69 cheek showed the eagerness with which she had responded to the call. Bounding along with a gladness of the heart which lent additional lustre70 to her transcendent brightness, she suddenly found herself surrounded in the garden by Lady Maud and her friends. The daughter of Lord de Mowbray, who could conceive nothing but humility71 as the cause of her alarmed look, attempted to re-assure her by condescending volubility, turning often to her friends and praising in admiring interrogatories Sybil’s beauty.
“And we took advantage of your absence,” said Lady Maud in a tone of amiable72 artlessness, “to find out all about you. And what a pity we did not know you when you were at the convent, because then you might have been constantly at the castle; indeed I should have insisted on it. But still I hear we are neighbours; you must promise to pay me a visit, you must indeed. Is not she beautiful?” she added in a lower but still distinct voice to her friend. “Do you know I think there is so much beauty among the lower order.”
Mr Mountchesney and Lord Milford poured forth73 several insipid74 compliments, accompanied with some speaking looks which they flattered themselves could not be misconstrued. Sybil said not a word, but answered each flood of phrases with a cold reverence75.
Undeterred by her somewhat haughty demeanour, which Lady Maud only attributed to the novelty of her situation, her ignorance of the world, and her embarrassment76 under this overpowering condescension77, the good-tempered and fussy78 daughter of Lord de Mowbray proceeded to re-assure Sybil, and to enforce on her that this perhaps unprecedented79 descent from superiority was not a mere transient courtliness of the moment, and that she really might rely on her patronage80 and favourable81 feeling.
“You really must come and see me,” said Lady Maud, “I shall never be happy till you have made me a visit. Where do you live? I will come and fetch you myself in the carriage. Now let us fix a day at once. Let me see; this is Saturday. What say you to next Monday?”
“I thank you,” said Sybil, very gravely, “but I never quit my home.”
“What a darling!” exclaimed Lady Maud looking round at her friends. “Is not she? I know exactly what you feel. But really you shall not be the least embarrassed. It may feel strange at first, to be sure, but then I shall be there; and do you know I look upon you quite as my protege.”
“Protege,” said Sybil. “I live with my father.”
Sybil signified a negative, and added “Mrs Trafford is very proud of them.”
“You must see the flowers at Mowbray Castle,” said Lady Maud. “They are unprecedented, are they not, Lord Milford? You know you said the other day that they were almost equal to Mrs Lawrence’s. I am charmed to find you are fond of flowers,” continued Lady Maud; “you will be so delighted with Mowbray. Ah! mama is calling us. Now fix—shall it be Monday?”
“Indeed,” said Sybil, “I never leave my home. I am one of the lower order, and live only among the lower order. I am here to-day merely for a few hours to pay an act of homage84 to a benefactor85.”
“Well I shall come and fetch you,” said Maud, covering her surprise and mortification86 by a jaunty87 air that would not confess defeat.
“And so shall I,” said Mr Mountchesney.
“And so shall I,” whispered Lord Milford lingering a little behind.
The great and distinguished party had disappeared; their glittering barouche, their prancing88 horses, their gay grooms, all had vanished; the sound of their wheels was no longer heard. Time flew on; the bell announced that the labour of the week had closed. There was a half holiday always on the last day of the week at Mr Trafford’s settlement; and every man, woman, and child, were paid their wages in the great room before they left the mill. Thus the expensive and evil habits which result from wages being paid in public houses were prevented. There was also in this system another great advantage for the workpeople. They received their wages early enough to repair to the neighbouring markets and make their purchases for the morrow. This added greatly to their comfort, and rendering89 it unnecessary for them to run in debt to the shopkeepers, added really to their wealth. Mr Trafford thought that next to the amount of wages, the most important consideration was the method in which wages are paid; and those of our readers who may have read or can recall the sketches90, neither coloured nor exagerated, which we have given in the early part of this volume of the very different manner in which the working classes may receive the remuneration for their toil91, will probably agree with the sensible and virtuous92 master of Walter Gerard.
He, accompanied by his daughter and Egremont, is now on his way home. A soft summer afternoon; the mild beam still gilding93 the tranquil94 scene; a river, green meads full of kine, woods vocal95 with the joyous96 song of the thrush and the blackbird; and in the distance, the lofty breast of the purple moor97, still blazing in the sun: fair sights and renovating98 sounds after a day of labour passed in walls and amid the ceaseless and monotonous99 clang of the spindle and the loom27. So Gerard felt it, as he stretched his great limbs in the air and inhaled100 its perfumed volume.
“Ah! I was made for this, Sybil,” he exclaimed; “but never mind, my child, never mind; tell me more of your fine visitors.”
Egremont found the walk too short; fortunately from the undulation of the vale, they could not see the cottage until within a hundred yards of it. When they were in sight, a man came forth from the garden to greet them; Sybil gave an exclamation101 of pleasure; it was MORLEY.
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1
compensates
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| 补偿，报酬( compensate的第三人称单数 )； 给（某人）赔偿（或赔款） | |
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territorial
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| adj.领土的，领地的 | |
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entailed
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| 使…成为必要( entail的过去式和过去分词 )； 需要； 限定继承； 使必需 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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veins
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| n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理 | |
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imbibed
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| v.吸收( imbibe的过去式和过去分词 )；喝；吸取；吸气 | |
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subsist
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| vi.生存，存在，供养 | |
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rigid
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| adj.严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的 | |
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marvels
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| n.奇迹( marvel的名词复数 )；令人惊奇的事物（或事例）；不平凡的成果；成就v.惊奇，对…感到惊奇( marvel的第三人称单数 ) | |
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domes
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| n.圆屋顶( dome的名词复数 )；像圆屋顶一样的东西；圆顶体育场 | |
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susceptible
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| adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的 | |
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atmospheric
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| adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的 | |
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chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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inspection
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| n.检查，审查，检阅 | |
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inspector
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| n.检查员，监察员，视察员 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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lodged
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| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
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proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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infinitely
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| adv.无限地，无穷地 | |
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proximity
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| n.接近，邻近 | |
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positively
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| adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实 | |
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reprobate
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| n.无赖汉；堕落的人 | |
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loom
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| n.织布机，织机；v.隐现，(危险、忧虑等)迫近 | |
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spire
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| n.(教堂)尖顶，尖塔，高点 | |
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sylvan
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| adj.森林的 | |
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pouting
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| v.撅（嘴）( pout的现在分词 ) | |
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blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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urchin
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| n.顽童；海胆 | |
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cavalcade
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| n.车队等的行列 | |
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pretension
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| n.要求；自命，自称；自负 | |
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dame
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| n.女士 | |
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dames
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| n.（在英国）夫人（一种封号），夫人（爵士妻子的称号）( dame的名词复数 )；女人 | |
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grooms
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| n.新郎( groom的名词复数 )；马夫v.照料或梳洗（马等）( groom的第三人称单数 )；使做好准备；训练；（给动物）擦洗 | |
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gaily
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| adv.欢乐地，高兴地 | |
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saucy
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| adj.无礼的；俊俏的；活泼的 | |
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pranced
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| v.（马）腾跃( prance的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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42
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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45
ushered
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| v.引，领，陪同( usher的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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profuse
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| adj.很多的，大量的，极其丰富的 | |
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machinery
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| n.(总称)机械，机器；机构 | |
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49
courteous
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| adj.彬彬有礼的，客气的 | |
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condescending
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| adj.谦逊的,故意屈尊的 | |
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aquiline
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| adj.钩状的，鹰的 | |
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haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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53
perplexed
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| adj.不知所措的 | |
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zest
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| n.乐趣；滋味，风味；兴趣 | |
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nun
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| n.修女，尼姑 | |
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enquired
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| 打听( enquire的过去式和过去分词 )； 询问； 问问题； 查问 | |
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bemoans
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| v.为（某人或某事）抱怨( bemoan的第三人称单数 )；悲悼；为…恸哭；哀叹 | |
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lament
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| n.悲叹，悔恨，恸哭；v.哀悼，悔恨，悲叹 | |
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outlay
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| n.费用，经费，支出；v.花费 | |
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pecuniary
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| adj.金钱的；金钱上的 | |
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tenements
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| n.房屋，住户，租房子( tenement的名词复数 ) | |
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civilizing
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| v.使文明，使开化( civilize的现在分词 ) | |
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promiscuous
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| adj.杂乱的，随便的 | |
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luncheon
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| n.午宴，午餐，便宴 | |
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rustling
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| n. 瑟瑟声，沙沙声 adj. 发沙沙声的 | |
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conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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mincing
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| adj.矫饰的；v.切碎；切碎 | |
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sarcasm
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| n.讥讽，讽刺，嘲弄，反话 （adj.sarcastic） | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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lustre
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| n.光亮，光泽；荣誉 | |
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humility
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| n.谦逊，谦恭 | |
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amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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insipid
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| adj.无味的，枯燥乏味的，单调的 | |
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reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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embarrassment
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| n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫 | |
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condescension
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| n.自以为高人一等，贬低(别人) | |
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fussy
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| adj.为琐事担忧的，过分装饰的，爱挑剔的 | |
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unprecedented
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| adj.无前例的，新奇的 | |
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patronage
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| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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naive
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| adj.幼稚的，轻信的；天真的 | |
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guardian
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| n.监护人；守卫者，保护者 | |
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homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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benefactor
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| n. 恩人，行善的人，捐助人 | |
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mortification
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| n.耻辱，屈辱 | |
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jaunty
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| adj．愉快的，满足的；adv.心满意足地，洋洋得意地；n.心满意足；洋洋得意 | |
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prancing
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| v.（马）腾跃( prance的现在分词 ) | |
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rendering
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| n.表现，描写 | |
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sketches
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| n.草图( sketch的名词复数 )；素描；速写；梗概 | |
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toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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gilding
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| n.贴金箔，镀金 | |
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tranquil
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| adj. 安静的, 宁静的, 稳定的, 不变的 | |
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vocal
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| adj.直言不讳的；嗓音的；n.[pl.]声乐节目 | |
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joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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moor
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| n.荒野，沼泽；vt.(使)停泊；vi.停泊 | |
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renovating
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| 翻新，修复，整修( renovate的现在分词 ) | |
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99
monotonous
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| adj.单调的，一成不变的，使人厌倦的 | |
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100
inhaled
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| v.吸入( inhale的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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101
exclamation
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| n.感叹号，惊呼，惊叹词 | |
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