When, finally, with much reluctance18 we left this attractive place and pushed off determinedly19 into the stream, we lost no time in 190 making Nimule. Steaming throughout the night and all next day along a broad flood contained by high and healthy slopes—now clothed with forest, now with waving grass—we approached, at about four in the afternoon, the mountains beneath which is the administrative20 station of Nimule. Hitherto the course of the Nile since it left the Albert Lake had been smooth and open—a broad, steady-flowing river everywhere navigable to vessels22 of not more than four feet draught23. But at Nimule, after a reach of more than a hundred and seventy miles of unobstructed waterway, the river turns a sharp right angle and enters a long succession of granite24 gorges25, through which it plunges26 in ceaseless cataract27 for a hundred and twenty miles. It is here at the head of these rapids that one of the great reservoirs of the Upper Nile must some day be constructed. "I spent hours," said Sir William Willcocks, the "practical mystic" of hydraulic28 engineering, "looking at the site, and seeing in a vision a great regulating work of the future." And indeed the exact scientific control of the whole vast system of Central African waters, of the levels of every lake, of the flow of every channel, from month to 191 month and from day to day throughout the year, is a need so obvious and undisputed as to leave argument unemployed29.
The change in the character of the river separated us finally from our flotilla. From Nimule to Gondokoro we must again proceed by land, and the swift and easy progress of the last few days must be exchanged for the steady grind of marches. It was this stage which had always been painted to me as the most dangerous and unhealthy in our whole journey, and I had pictured to myself eight days of toil30 through swamp and forest amid miasma31 and mosquitoes. These anticipations32 were not sustained. Of the disadvantages of the track along the river bank I cannot speak; but the upper road over the hills is certainly excellent and healthy, and runs throughout over firm dry undulations of a bright, breezy, scrub-covered country.
At Nimule we touched the telegraph wire again, and from the Reuter's accumulations which I studied, I learned that Parliament would not meet till the 19th of January. This gave another ten days' more rope, and I began to realize how much the spirit of these wonderful lands had taken possession of me, for it 192 was only with the greatest reluctance and difficulty, that I forced myself to continue my homeward journey without first turning back with the launch and circumnavigating Lake Albert. No exertion33 or inconvenience seemed too great to win a few more glimpses of these enchanted34 seas and gardens, on which I may perhaps not look again, but from whose spell I can never be free. Porters to be fed from day to day, the Sirdar's steamer waiting at the Soudan frontier, public meetings looming35 heavily in the far-off distance, drove me onward36; and with feelings of keen and genuine regret we addressed ourselves to the march to Gondokoro.
Fording the Asua.
This was accomplished37 uneventfully in six stages, three of which were double marches. The country was pleasant and healthy, the scenery imposing38, and, under a fierce sun, the air was cool. Each morning we started before dawn, and by noon had camped by the side of one of the tributary39 rivers or streams which flow into the Nile. Of these the Asua was the most important, and the picture of the long safari40 fording it and coming into camp among the palm-trees of the southern bank is one which lingers pleasantly in my memory. 193 But this I must say—somehow after Nimule the charm was broken, and none of the regions through which the traveller passes in the long-drawn descent of the Nile revive in any degree those delicious sensations of wonder and novelty which are associated with the great lakes and the kingdoms of Uganda, Usoga, and Unyoro, to say nothing of what I have not been fortunate enough to see—Toro, Ankole, the Semliki, and the Mountains of the Moon.
At the end of the sixth day we arrived at Gondokoro. The last march had been long and scorching41. The moisture seemed to have gone from the air, and the vegetation, abundant though it was, seemed parched42 and stunted43. The approaches to Gondokoro are beset44 by a herd of three hundred elephants of peculiar45 ill-fame. Nearly all the eligible46 tuskers have been killed. The females and young bulls are fierce and wary47, and, taught by frequent contact with the white man, and protected by the sacred game laws, exercise a lawless and tyrannical power over the whole region. On every side their depredations48 are to be seen. Great trees pushed over in careless sport, native plantations49 trampled into 194 ruin, the roads rendered precarious50 for the traveller, the mails often interrupted for days at a time, and occasional loss of life, are the features of this domination. And it seems likely to last a long time, for I was informed that the young bulls would not be sufficiently51 grown for about forty years, and even then, as the two white officers in the station are not allowed to shoot more than one elephant apiece each year, the nuisance will only gradually be abated52.
Rogue53 elephants are of course fair game at any time, and the day before we arrived at Gondokoro, the young civil officer of the station had encountered one in a manner which he was scarcely likely to forget. For, having pursued this evil-doer for some time, he at last got into an excellent position, and was about to fire at a distance of thirty yards when suddenly the elephant, without even trumpeting54 rushed furiously upon him, and, paying no attention to the two heavy bullets which struck him in the head, chased the officer twice round an uncommonly55 small bush; and then, distracted by the spectacle of the native gun-bearer in flight, turned off after this new prey56, and, overtaking the poor wretch57, smashed 195 him to pieces with one blow of his terrible trunk. "Cet animal est très méchant; quand on l'attaque, il se défend." We reached the bungalow58, which serves as the seat of government, in time to see the tusks59 of this man-slayer, who had died of his wounds, brought in by the tribe whose plantations he had so often ravaged60.
Gondokoro, like most of the names which figure so imposingly61 upon the African map, is not a numerously populated town. There are about six houses and a number of native huts. There is, however, a telegraph station, a prison, a court-house, and the lines of a company of native police and King's African Rifles. Here the Nile again becomes navigable, and offers an unbroken waterway open to large vessels until the Shabluka cataract is reached, a hundred miles below Khartoum and fifteen hundred miles from Gondokoro. And here at the river's bank, seen through a tracery of palms, were the white funnel62 and superstructure of the Sirdar's steamer with all the letters and newspapers; and which, instead of pursuing us across Uganda, had "come through the other way."
"Had come through the other way"—it is 196 an easy phrase to write: but how much it signifies in the modern history of Africa! Ten or eleven years ago this journey which I was now able to make so easily, so prosperously, so comfortably, would have been utterly63 impossible. The Dervish empire, stretching from Wady Halfa or Abu Hamed to Wadelai, interposed a harsh barrier which nothing but a stricken field could sweep away; and these long reaches of the Nile which now bore a fleet of fifty steamers were silent in the embrace of a devastating64 barbarism. A grim slaughter65 which had strewn the sands of Kerreri, twelve hundred miles to the North, with jibba-clad corpses66 "like snow-drifts" had blasted a passage, and the Nile was free.
Embarked67 at Gondokoro we passed out of the sphere of the Colonial Office into the domain68 of that undefined joint69 authority which regulates the Soudan, which flies two flags side by side on every public building, and which you can only correspond with through the British Foreign Office.
The Belgian Officials at Lado.
Gondokoro.
Henceforward our journey was comfortable, and regular. Yet though I had no official work to do and was merely coming home the shortest way, I could not traverse the Soudan 197 without the keenest interest. When one has started from Cairo and padded up the Nile to Wady Halfa, crossed the desert railway to the Atbara, marched thence two hundred miles to the battle of Omdurman, one feels one has seen something of the Nile. Yet now we had followed it the other way from its source for nearly five hundred miles, and yet twelve hundred more intervened before even Omdurman was reached; and as the mighty70 and peerless river unrolled its length and immemorial history, the feelings of reverence71, without which no traveller can drink its sweet waters, grew in intensity72.
I yield to no one in recognition of the constructive73 and reconstructive work which Sir Reginald Wingate and his able officers have, with scanty74 means and in spite of grave military dangers, wrought75 in the Soudan. Yet it is not possible to descend76 the Nile continuously from its source at Ripon Falls without realizing that the best lies behind one. Uganda is the pearl. The Nile province and the Lado Enclave present splendid and alluring77 panoramas78. Even the march from Nimule to Gondokoro is through a fertile and inspiring region. But thereafter 198 the beauty dies out of the landscape and the richness from the land. We leave the regions of abundant rainfall, of Equatorial luxuriance, of docile79 peoples, of gorgeous birds and butterflies and flowers. We enter stern realms of sinister80 and forbidding aspect, where nature is cruel and sterile81, where man is fanatical and often rifle-armed. Cultivation82—nay, vegetation, is but a strip along the river bank: and even there thorn-bushes and prickly aloes are its chief constituents83. We enter two successive deserts as contrasted in their character, as redoubtable84 in their inhospitality, as Dante's Circles of the Inferno85: the Desert of Sudd and the Desert of Sand.
Review at Khartoum.
Soudan Government Steamer "Dal."
About a hundred miles from Gondokoro the White Nile enters and spills itself in a vast and appalling86 swamp. Of the action of this tremendous sponge, whether beneficial in regulating the flow, or harmful in wasting the water through evaporation87, nothing need here be said. But its aspect is at once so dismal88 and so terrifying that to travel through it is a weird89 experience. Our steamer, with the favouring current, made at least seven miles an hour, and, as the moon was full, we travelled night and day. For 199 three days and three nights we were continuously in this horrible swamp into which the whole of the United Kingdom could be easily packed. By day from the roof of the high pilot-house a commanding view revealed hour after hour, in every direction, one uninterrupted ocean of floating vegetation spreading to far horizons. The papyrus90-plant is in itself a beautiful, graceful, and venerable thing. To travel through the sudd, is to hate it for evermore. Rising fifteen feet above the level of the water, stretching its roots twenty or even thirty feet below, and so matted and tangled92 together that elephants can walk safely upon its springy surface, papyrus is the beginning and end of this melancholy93 world. For hundreds of miles nothing else is to be perceived—not a mountain-ridge blue on the horizon, scarcely a tree, no habitation of man, no sign of beast. The silence is broken only by the croaking94 of innumerable frog armies, and the cry of dreary95 birds.
The vigorous operations of the sudd-cutters have opened, and the constant traffic of steamers has preserved and improved, a channel about a hundred yards wide, winding96 by loops and corkscrews through the swamp. The river 200 presents a depth of thirty feet along this course, and greater vessels could thread its length for nearly a thousand miles. The navigation is intricate and peculiar. Indeed, it would seem to be an art by itself. No effort is made by the Arab pilots, who alone are employed, to avoid collisions with the banks. On the contrary, they rely upon them as an essential feature of their management of the steamer. The vessel21 bumps regularly at almost every corner from one cushion of sudd to the other, or plunges its nose into the reeds and waits for the currents to carry its stern round, bumps again and recovers its direction. Sometimes where the twists were very sharp we would turn completely round, not once but two or three times, and our movements round an S-curve were even more complicated. The bumps occasionally swept us out of our chairs and sent us sprawling97 on the deck. In this strange fashion we waltzed along at full speed for about seventy or eighty hours.
Meanwhile the Nile was accomplishing its destiny. Its vast tributary rivers, the Sobat and the Bahr-el-Ghazal, came to reinforce its flow. The miles spread out behind us in a long succession of hundreds. At length the sudd 201 expanses begin to contract. Distant mountains rise against the steel-blue sky in serrated silhouette98, and gradually draw in upon the river. Islands of earth and trees, peaks of sharp rock break here and there the awful monotony of waving reeds. At last the banks become firm and clear-cut walls of yellow sand, fringed in places with palms and shady trees, and everywhere bristling99 with undergrowth of thorns. We leave the wilderness of moisture, we approach the wilderness of drought. But first, in a middle region, vast areas of dusty scrub-covered plains, not wholly incapable100 of cultivation in the rainy season, supporting always flocks and herds101, now flank both sides of the river. The camel caravans102 pad slowly across them under the blaze and glitter of the heat. The mirage103 begins to twist and blur104 the landscape with deceptive105 waters. At intervals106 of forty or fifty miles are the stations of the Soudan Government, each trim and regular with its public buildings, its storehouses, the lines of beehive huts of its garrison107, a tangle91 of native sailing-craft, and always, or nearly always, one or two white gunboats of war-time days now turned policemen of the river. 202
Thus we reach in time Fashoda—now called Kodok for old sake's sake; and here are clusters of Shillooks who (by request) stand pensively108 on one leg in their natural attitude, and smart companies of Soudanese troops and British officers, civil and military—the whole clear-cut under sun-blaze dry light, veiled only in dancing dust-devils piteously whipped by strong hot winds. All this was like a piece of the Omdurman campaign to me—the old familiar Soudan, so often made known to British minds by pen, pencil, and photograph during nearly twenty years of war, unfolded itself feature by feature. Yet we were still five hundred miles south of Khartoum!
A SHELUK AT KODOK (FASHODA).
At Meshra-er-Zeraf we stopped for two days to shoot, by the Sirdar's invitation, in the extensive game reserve, and were fortunate in securing a buffalo109 and various antelope110. We wandered through a harsh country, of white sand and tussocks of coarse grass, more grey than green, with leafless black thorn-trees densely111 tangled; yet it seemed full of game. In three hours' walk on the second morning I shot a fine waterbuck, two reed-bucks, and two of a beautiful herd of roan antelope, who walked slowly down to water past our ambuscade. 203 And, be it remembered, that the pleasure and excitement of such sport are in these lands always heightened by the possibility that at any moment the hunters may come upon game of much more serious quality—lion or buffalo; so that no one cares to be more than a few yards from his heavy rifle or give his mind wholly to the buck he stalks. Surely they are perverse112, unenterprising folk who spend fortunes each year in preserving with so much artificial care, and to the inconvenience of other dwellers113 in a small island, well-counted herds of more or less tame deer, when in a month, and for less expense than the year's rent of their forests, they could pursue wild animals of every kind in their natural haunts and gain experiences that would last them all their lives.
I was so much elated by this jolly morning's sport and the near approach of civilized114 conditions—for after all, contrast is an element in pleasure—that I permitted myself to rejoice at the safe and happy outcome of this long journey, and to exult115 in our complete immunity116 from serious accident or illness or even fever. How extravagant117 were the accounts of the dangers of African travel! How easy to 204 avoid the evil chances of the road! Reasonable precautions, steady exercise, regular quinine—were these not in themselves the guarantees of safety? Thus I reckoned, and with specious118 reasons, but in a bad hour. We were not yet at our journey's end.
Twenty-four hours' steaming from Meshra-er-Zeraf brought us near Khartoum. The character of the country was unchanged. Yellow sand-slopes drank at the Nile brim; thorn-scrub fringed the river on either side; but date-palms mingled119 even more frequently and numerously with the vegetation, and brown mud-built villages with brown mud-coloured populations multiplied as the miles slipped swiftly by. At length a solitary120 majestic121 tree, beneath whose spacious122 branches and luxuriant foliage123 a hundred persons might have found shelter from the relentless124 sun—Gordon's tree—advertised us of the proximity125 of Khartoum. Soon on the one bank came into view the vast mud labyrinth126 of Omdurman, with forests of masts rising along the shore, and on the other, among palm-groves ever clustering thicker, sprang the blue and pink and crimson127 minarets128 of new Khartoum. Khartoum—the new Khartoum, risen from its ruins in wealth and beauty—a 205 smiling city sitting like a queen throned at the confluence129 of the Niles, the heart and centre of a far-reaching and formidable authority, disclosed herself to the traveller's eye. Sharp to the right turns the steamer, leaving the dull placid130 waters of the sovereign river we have so long followed, and shouldering a more turbulent current of clearer water, swings up-stream along its noble feudatory, the Blue Nile. And passing by the side of high stone embankments crowned by palms, the steamer enters into a modern Oriental port and city, and is soon surrounded by its palaces, its mosques131, its warehouses132 and its quays133.
The Palace, Khartoum.
Nearly ten years have passed since the Dervish domination was irretrievably shattered on the field of Omdurman, and every year has been attended by steady and remarkable134 progress in every sphere of governmental activity in every province of the Soudan. Order has been established, and is successfully, though precariously135, maintained even in the remotest parts of Kordofan. The railway has reached the Southern bank of the Blue Nile, connects Khartoum with Cairo and with the Red Sea, waits only for the construction of a bridge to cross the river and enter the fertile 206 regions of the Ghezireh. A numerous fleet of steamers maintains swift and regular communication along the great waterways. The revenue has risen from a few thousands a year in 1899 to considerably136 over a million pounds in 1907. Improved methods of agriculture have increased the wealth of the country; the prevention of massacre137 and famine has begun to restore its population. Slavery has been abolished, and without affronting138 the religion or seriously disturbing the customs of the people, a measure of education and craftsmanship139 has been introduced.
These great changes which are apparent throughout the whole Soudan are nowhere presented in so striking and impressive form as in the capital. A spacious palace, standing140 in a beautiful garden, has risen from the ruins where Gordon perished. Broad thoroughfares lighted by electricity, and lined with excellent European shops, lead with geometrical precision through the city. A system of steam tramways in connection with ferry boats, patronized chiefly by the natives, renders communication easy throughout Khartoum, and between Khartoum, Omdurman, and Halfyah. A semi-circle of substantial barracks, arranged upon a defensive141 207 scheme, protects the landward approaches. The Gordon College hums with scholarly activity—Moslem and Christian142, letters or crafts; and seven thousand soldiers of all dress march past the British and Egyptian flags on occasions of ceremony.
George Scrivings.
Yet neither these inspiring facts—the more impressive by contrast with my memories of ten years before—nor the gracious hospitality of the Sirdar—more responsible than any other man for the whole of this tremendous task of reconstruction143 and revival—were to prevent me from taking away a sombre impression of Khartoum. As our steamer approached the landing-stage I learned that my English servant, George Scrivings, had been taken suddenly ill, and found him in a condition of prostration144 with a strange blue colour under his skin. Good doctors were summoned. The hospital of Khartoum, with all its resources, was at hand. There appeared no reason to apprehend145 a fatal termination. But he had been seized by a violent internal inflammation, the result of eating some poisonous thing which we apparently146 had escaped, and died early next morning after fifteen hours' illness, with almost every symptom of Asiatic cholera147. 208
Too soon, indeed, had I ventured to rejoice. Africa always claims its forfeits148; and so the four white men who had started together from Mombasa returned but three to Cairo. A military interment involves the union of the two most impressive rituals in the world. The day after the Battle of Omdurman it fell to my lot to bury those soldiers of the 21st Lancers, who had died of their wounds during the night. Now after nine years, in very different circumstances, from the other end of Africa, I had come back to this grim place where so much blood has been shed, and again I found myself standing at an open grave, while the yellow glare of the departed sun still lingered over the desert, and the sound of funeral volleys broke its silence.
The remainder of our journey lay in tourist lands, and the comfortable sleeping-cars of the Desert Railway, and the pleasant passenger steamers of the Wady Haifa and Assouan reach soon carried us prosperously and uneventfully to Upper Egypt; and so to Cairo, London, and the rest.
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1
lagoons
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| n.污水池( lagoon的名词复数 )；潟湖；（大湖或江河附近的）小而浅的淡水湖；温泉形成的池塘 | |
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overflows
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| v.溢出，淹没( overflow的第三人称单数 )；充满；挤满了人；扩展出界，过度延伸 | |
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herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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trampled
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| 踩( trample的过去式和过去分词 )； 践踏； 无视； 侵犯 | |
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buck
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| n.雄鹿，雄兔；v.马离地跳跃 | |
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retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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stark
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| adj.荒凉的；严酷的；完全的；adv.完全地 | |
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dignified
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| a.可敬的，高贵的 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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athletic
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| adj.擅长运动的，强健的；活跃的，体格健壮的 | |
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tapering
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| adj.尖端细的 | |
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preeminence
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| n.卓越,杰出 | |
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obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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annexed
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| [法] 附加的，附属的 | |
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wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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fabrics
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| 织物( fabric的名词复数 )； 布； 构造； （建筑物的）结构（如墙、地面、屋顶）：质地 | |
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reluctance
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| n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿 | |
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determinedly
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| adv.决意地；坚决地，坚定地 | |
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administrative
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| adj.行政的，管理的 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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draught
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| n.拉，牵引，拖；一网（饮，吸，阵)；顿服药量，通风；v.起草，设计 | |
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granite
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| adj.花岗岩，花岗石 | |
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gorges
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| n.山峡，峡谷( gorge的名词复数 )；咽喉v.（用食物把自己）塞饱，填饱( gorge的第三人称单数 )；作呕 | |
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plunges
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| n.跳进，投入vt.使投入，使插入，使陷入vi.投入，跳进，陷入v.颠簸( plunge的第三人称单数 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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cataract
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| n.大瀑布，奔流，洪水，白内障 | |
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hydraulic
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| adj.水力的；水压的，液压的；水力学的 | |
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unemployed
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| adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的 | |
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toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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miasma
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| n.毒气；不良气氛 | |
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anticipations
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| 预期( anticipation的名词复数 )； 预测； （信托财产收益的）预支； 预期的事物 | |
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exertion
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| n.尽力，努力 | |
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enchanted
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| adj. 被施魔法的，陶醉的，入迷的 动词enchant的过去式和过去分词 | |
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looming
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| n.上现蜃景（光通过低层大气发生异常折射形成的一种海市蜃楼）v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的现在分词 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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onward
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| adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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imposing
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| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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tributary
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| n.支流；纳贡国；adj.附庸的；辅助的；支流的 | |
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safari
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| n.远征旅行(探险、考察)；探险队，狩猎队 | |
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scorching
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| adj. 灼热的 | |
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parched
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| adj.焦干的；极渴的；v.（使）焦干 | |
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stunted
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| adj.矮小的；发育迟缓的 | |
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beset
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| v.镶嵌；困扰，包围 | |
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45
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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46
eligible
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| adj.有条件被选中的；(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的 | |
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47
wary
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| adj.谨慎的，机警的，小心的 | |
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48
depredations
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| n.劫掠，毁坏( depredation的名词复数 ) | |
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49
plantations
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| n.种植园，大农场( plantation的名词复数 ) | |
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50
precarious
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| adj.不安定的，靠不住的；根据不足的 | |
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51
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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52
abated
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| 减少( abate的过去式和过去分词 )； 减去； 降价； 撤消（诉讼） | |
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53
rogue
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| n.流氓；v.游手好闲 | |
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54
trumpeting
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| 大声说出或宣告（trumpet的现在分词形式） | |
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55
uncommonly
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| adv. 稀罕(极，非常) | |
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56
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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57
wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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58
bungalow
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| n.平房，周围有阳台的木造小平房 | |
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59
tusks
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| n.（象等动物的）长牙( tusk的名词复数 )；獠牙；尖形物；尖头 | |
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60
ravaged
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| 毁坏( ravage的过去式和过去分词 )； 蹂躏； 劫掠； 抢劫 | |
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61
imposingly
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62
funnel
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| n.漏斗；烟囱；v.汇集 | |
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63
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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64
devastating
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| adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的 | |
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65
slaughter
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| n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀 | |
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66
corpses
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| n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 ) | |
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67
embarked
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| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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68
domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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69
joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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70
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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71
reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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72
intensity
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| n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度 | |
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73
constructive
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| adj.建设的，建设性的 | |
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74
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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75
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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76
descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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77
alluring
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| adj.吸引人的，迷人的 | |
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78
panoramas
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| 全景画( panorama的名词复数 )； 全景照片； 一连串景象或事 | |
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79
docile
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| adj.驯服的，易控制的，容易教的 | |
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80
sinister
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| adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的 | |
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81
sterile
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| adj.不毛的，不孕的，无菌的，枯燥的，贫瘠的 | |
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82
cultivation
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| n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成 | |
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83
constituents
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| n.选民( constituent的名词复数 )；成分；构成部分；要素 | |
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84
redoubtable
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| adj.可敬的；可怕的 | |
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85
inferno
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| n.火海；地狱般的场所 | |
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86
appalling
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| adj.骇人听闻的，令人震惊的，可怕的 | |
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87
evaporation
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| n.蒸发，消失 | |
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88
dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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89
weird
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| adj.古怪的，离奇的；怪诞的，神秘而可怕的 | |
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90
papyrus
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| n.古以纸草制成之纸 | |
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91
tangle
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| n.纠缠；缠结；混乱；v.(使)缠绕；变乱 | |
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92
tangled
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| adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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93
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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94
croaking
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| v.呱呱地叫( croak的现在分词 )；用粗的声音说 | |
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95
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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96
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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97
sprawling
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| adj.蔓生的，不规则地伸展的v.伸开四肢坐[躺]( sprawl的现在分词 )；蔓延；杂乱无序地拓展；四肢伸展坐着（或躺着） | |
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98
silhouette
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| n.黑色半身侧面影，影子，轮廓；v.描绘成侧面影，照出影子来，仅仅显出轮廓 | |
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99
bristling
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| a.竖立的 | |
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100
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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101
herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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102
caravans
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| （可供居住的）拖车（通常由机动车拖行）( caravan的名词复数 )； 篷车； （穿过沙漠地带的）旅行队（如商队） | |
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103
mirage
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| n.海市蜃楼，幻景 | |
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104
blur
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| n.模糊不清的事物；vt.使模糊，使看不清楚 | |
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105
deceptive
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| adj.骗人的，造成假象的，靠不住的 | |
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106
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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107
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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108
pensively
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| adv.沉思地，焦虑地 | |
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109
buffalo
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| n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛 | |
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110
antelope
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| n.羚羊；羚羊皮 | |
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111
densely
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| ad.密集地；浓厚地 | |
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112
perverse
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| adj.刚愎的；坚持错误的，行为反常的 | |
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113
dwellers
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| n.居民，居住者( dweller的名词复数 ) | |
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114
civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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115
exult
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| v.狂喜，欢腾；欢欣鼓舞 | |
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116
immunity
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| n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权 | |
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117
extravagant
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| adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的 | |
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118
specious
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| adj.似是而非的；adv.似是而非地 | |
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119
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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120
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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121
majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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122
spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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123
foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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124
relentless
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| adj.残酷的，不留情的，无怜悯心的 | |
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125
proximity
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| n.接近，邻近 | |
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126
labyrinth
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| n.迷宫；难解的事物；迷路 | |
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127
crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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128
minarets
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| n.（清真寺旁由报告祈祷时刻的人使用的）光塔( minaret的名词复数 ) | |
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129
confluence
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| n.汇合，聚集 | |
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130
placid
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| adj.安静的，平和的 | |
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131
mosques
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| 清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 ) | |
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132
warehouses
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| 仓库，货栈( warehouse的名词复数 ) | |
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133
quays
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| 码头( quay的名词复数 ) | |
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134
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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135
precariously
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| adv.不安全地；危险地；碰机会地；不稳定地 | |
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136
considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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137
massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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138
affronting
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| v.勇敢地面对( affront的现在分词 )；相遇 | |
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139
craftsmanship
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| n.手艺 | |
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140
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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141
defensive
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| adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的 | |
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142
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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143
reconstruction
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| n.重建，再现，复原 | |
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144
prostration
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| n. 平伏, 跪倒, 疲劳 | |
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145
apprehend
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| vt.理解，领悟，逮捕，拘捕，忧虑 | |
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146
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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147
cholera
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| n.霍乱 | |
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148
forfeits
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| 罚物游戏 | |
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