The day has indeed been a hot one even for the southern edge of the Libyan desert. The cream coloured oxen stand with their heads down, lazily whisking away with their tails the flies that torment9 them. The horses standing10 near suffer more; the lather11 stands on their sides, their flanks heave, and from time to time they stretch out their extended nostrils12 in the direction from which, when the sun sinks a little lower, the breeze will begin to blow.
The occupants of the grove are men of varied13 races, and, although there is no attempt at military order, it is clear at once that they are divided into three parties. One is composed of men more swarthy than the others. They are lithe14 and active in figure, inured15 to hardship, accustomed to the burning sun. Light shields hang against the trees with bows and gaily16 painted quivers full of arrows, and near each man are three or four light short javelins. They wear round caps of metal, with a band of the skin of the lion or other wild animal, in which are stuck feathers dyed with some bright colour. They are naked to the waist, save for a light breastplate of brass17. A cloth of bright colours is wound round their waist and drops to the knees, and they wear belts of leather embossed with brass plates; on their feet are sandals. They are the light armed Numidian horse.
Near them are a party of men lighter18 in hue19, taller and stouter20 in stature21. Their garb22 is more irregular, their arms are bare, but they wear a sort of shirt, open at the neck and reaching to the knees, and confined at the waist by a leather strap23, from which hangs a pouch24 of the same material. Their shirts, which are of roughly made flannel25, are dyed a colour which was originally a deep purple, but which has faded, under the heat of the sun, to lilac. They are a company of Iberian slingers, enlisted26 among the tribes conquered in Spain by the Carthaginians. By them lie the heavy swords which they use in close quarters.
The third body of men are more heavily armed. On the ground near the sleepers27 lie helmets and massive shields. They have tightly fitting jerkins of well-tanned leather, their arms are spears and battleaxes. They are the heavy infantry28 of Carthage. Very various is their nationality; fair skinned Greeks lie side by side with swarthy negroes from Nubia. Sardinia, the islands of the Aegean, Crete and Egypt, Libya and Phoenicia are all represented there.
They are recruited alike from the lower orders of the great city and from the tribes and people who own her sway.
Near the large grove in which the troops are encamped is a smaller one. A space in the centre has been cleared of trees, and in this a large tent has been erected29. Around this numerous slaves are moving to and fro.
A Roman cook, captured in a sea fight in which his master, a wealthy tribune, was killed, is watching three Greeks, who are under his superintendence, preparing a repast. Some Libyan grooms30 are rubbing down the coats of four horses of the purest breed of the desert, while two Nubians are feeding, with large flat cakes, three elephants, who, chained by the leg to trees, stand rocking themselves from side to side.
The exterior31 of the tent is made of coarse white canvas; this is thickly lined by fold after fold of a thin material, dyed a dark blue, to keep out the heat of the sun, while the interior is hung with silk, purple and white. The curtains at each end are looped back with gold cord to allow a free passage of the air.
A carpet from the looms32 of Syria covers the ground, and on it are spread four couches, on which, in a position half sitting half reclining, repose33 the principal personages of the party. The elder of these is a man some fifty years of age, of commanding figure, and features which express energy and resolution. His body is bare to the waist, save for a light short sleeved tunic34 of the finest muslin embroidered35 round the neck and sleeves with gold.
A gold belt encircles his waist, below it hangs a garment resembling the modern kilt, but reaching halfway36 between the knee and the ankle. It is dyed a rich purple, and three bands of gold embroidery37 run round the lower edge. On his feet he wears sandals with broad leather lacings covered with gold. His toga, also of purple heavily embroidered with gold, lies on the couch beside him; from one of the poles of the tent hang his arms, a short heavy sword, with a handle of solid gold in a scabbard incrusted with the same metal, and a baldrick, covered with plates of gold beautifully worked and lined with the softest leather, by which it is suspended over his shoulder.
Two of his companions are young men of three or four and twenty, both fair like himself, with features of almost Greek regularity38 of outline. Their dress is similar to his in fashion, but the colours are gayer. The fourth member of the party is a lad of some fifteen years old. His figure, which is naked to the waist, is of a pure Grecian model, the muscles, showing up clearly beneath the skin, testify to hard exercise and a life of activity.
Powerful as Carthage was, the events of the last few years had shown that a life and death struggle with her great rival in Italy was approaching. For many years she had been a conquering nation. Her aristocracy were soldiers as well as traders, ready at once to embark39 on the most distant and adventurous40 voyages, to lead the troops of Carthage on toilsome expeditions against insurgent41 tribes of Numidia and Libya, or to launch their triremes to engage the fleets of Rome.
The severe checks which they had lately suffered at the hands of the newly formed Roman navy, and the certainty that ere long a tremendous struggle between the two powers must take place, had redoubled the military ardour of the nobles. Their training to arms began from their very childhood, and the sons of the noblest houses were taught, at the earliest age, the use of arms and the endurance of fatigue42 and hardship.
Malchus, the son of Hamilcar, the leader of the expedition in the desert, had been, from his early childhood, trained by his father in the use of arms. When he was ten years old Hamilcar had taken him with him on a campaign in Spain; there, by a rigourous training, he had learned to endure cold and hardships.
In the depth of winter his father had made him pass the nights uncovered and almost without clothing in the cold. He had bathed in the icy water of the torrents43 from the snow clad hills, and had been forced to keep up with the rapid march of the light armed troops in pursuit of the Iberians. He was taught to endure long abstinence from food and to bear pain without flinching44, to be cheerful under the greatest hardships, to wear a smiling face when even veteran soldiers were worn out and disheartened.
“It is incumbent45 upon us, the rulers and aristocracy of this great city, my son, to show ourselves superior to the common herd46. They must recognize that we are not only richer and of better blood, but that we are stronger, wiser, and more courageous47 than they. So, only, can we expect them to obey us, and to make the sacrifices which war entails48 upon them. It is not enough that we are of pure Phoenician blood, that we come of the most enterprising race the world has ever seen, while they are but a mixed breed of many people who have either submitted to our rule or have been enslaved by us.
“This was well enough in the early days of the colony when it was Phoenician arms alone that won our battles and subdued49 our rivals. In our days we are few and the populace are many. Our armies are composed not of Phoenicians, but of the races conquered by us. Libya and Numidia, Sicily, Sardinia, and Spain, all in turn conquered by us, now furnish us with troops.
“Carthage is a mighty50 city, but it is no longer a city of Phoenicians. We form but a small proportion of the population. It is true that all power rests in our hands, that from our ranks the senate is chosen, the army officered, and the laws administered, but the expenses of the state are vast. The conquered people fret51 under the heavy tributes which they have to pay, and the vile52 populace murmur53 at the taxes.
“In Italy, Rome looms greater and more powerful year by year. Her people are hardy54 and trained to arms, and some day the struggle between us and her will have to be fought out to the death. Therefore, my son, it behooves55 us to use every effort to make ourselves worthy56 of our position. Set before yourself the example of your cousin Hannibal, who, young as he is, is already viewed as the greatest man in Carthage. Grudge57 no hardship or suffering to harden your frame and strengthen your arms.
“Some day you too may lead armies in the field, and, believe me, they will follow you all the better and more cheerfully if they know that in strength and endurance, as well as in position, their commander is the foremost man in his army.”
Malchus had been an apt pupil, and had done justice to the pains which his father had bestowed58 upon him and to the training he had undergone. He could wield59 the arms of a man, could swim the coldest river, endure hardship and want of food, traverse long distances at the top of his speed, could throw a javelin6 with unerring aim, and send an arrow to the mark as truly as the best of the Libyan archers60.
“The sun is going down fast, father,” the lad said, “the shadows are lengthening61 and the heat is declining.”
“We have only your word for the decline of the heat, Malchus,” one of the younger men laughed; “I feel hotter than ever. This is the fifteenth time that you have been to the door of the tent during the last half hour. Your restlessness is enough to give one the fever.”
“I believe that you are just as eager as I am, Adherbal,” the boy replied laughing. “It's your first lion hunt as well as mine, and I am sure you are longing62 to see whether the assault of the king of beasts is more trying to the nerves than that of the Iberian tribesmen.”
“I am looking forward to it, Malchus, certainly,” the young man replied; “but as I know the lions will not quit their coverts63 until after nightfall, and as no efforts on my part will hasten the approach of that hour, I am well content to lie quiet and to keep myself as cool as may be.”
“Your cousin is right,” the general said, “and impatience64 is a fault, Malchus. We must make allowances for your impatience on the present occasion, for the lion is a foe65 not to be despised, and he is truly as formidable an antagonist66 when brought to bay as the Iberians on the banks of the Ebro—far more so than the revolted tribesmen we have been hunting for the past three weeks.”
“Giscon says nothing,” Adherbal remarked; “he has a soul above even the hunting of lions. I warrant that during the five hours we have been reclining here his thoughts have never once turned towards the hunt we are going to have tonight.”
“That is true enough,” Giscon said, speaking for the first time. “I own that my thoughts have been of Carthage, and of the troubles that threaten her owing to the corruption68 and misgovernment which are sapping her strength.”
“It were best not to think too much on the subject, Giscon,” the general said; “still better not to speak of it. You know that I lament69, as you do, the misgovernment of Carthage, and mourn for the disasters which have been brought upon her by it. But the subject is a dangerous one; the council have spies everywhere, and to be denounced as one hostile to the established state of things is to be lost.”
“I know the danger,” the young man said passionately70. “I know that hitherto all who have ventured to raise their voices against the authority of these tyrants71 have died by torture—that murmuring has been stamped out in blood. Yet were the danger ten times as great,” and the speaker had risen now from his couch and was walking up and down the tent, “I could not keep silent. What have our tyrants brought us to? Their extravagance, their corruption, have wasted the public funds and have paralyzed our arms. Sicily and Sardinia have been lost; our allies in Africa have been goaded72 by their exactions again and again into rebellion, and Carthage has more than once lately been obliged to fight hard for her very existence. The lower classes in the city are utterly73 disaffected74; their earnings75 are wrung76 from them by the tax gatherers. Justice is denied them by the judges, who are the mere77 creatures of the committee of five. The suffetes are mere puppets in their hands. Our vessels78 lie unmanned in our harbours, because the funds which should pay the sailors are appropriated by our tyrants to their own purposes. How can a Carthaginian who loves his country remain silent?”
“All you say is true, Giscon,” the general said gravely, “though I should be pressed to death were it whispered in Carthage that I said so; but at present we can do nothing. Had the great Hamilcar Barca lived I believe that he would have set himself to work to clear out this Augean stable, a task greater than that accomplished79 by our great hero, the demigod Hercules; but no less a hand can accomplish it. You know how every attempt at revolt has failed; how terrible a vengeance80 fell on Matho and the mercenaries; how the down trodden tribes have again and again, when victory seemed in their hands, been crushed into the dust.
“No, Giscon, we must suffer the terrible ills which you speak of until some hero arises—some hero whose victories will bind81 not only the army to him, but will cause all the common people of Carthage—all her allies and tributaries—to look upon him as their leader and deliverer.
“I have hopes, great hopes, that such a hero may be found in my nephew, Hannibal, who seems to possess all the genius, the wisdom, and the talent of his father. Should the dream which he cherished, and of which I was but now speaking to you, that of leading a Carthaginian army across the Ebro, over the Apennines, through the plains of lower Gaul, and over the Alps into Italy, there to give battle to the cohorts of Rome on their own ground,—should this dream be verified I say, should success attend him, and Rome be humbled82 to the dust, then Hannibal would be in a position to become the dictator of Carthage, to overthrow83 the corrupt67 council, to destroy this tyranny—misnamed a republic—and to establish a monarchy84, of which he should be the first sovereign, and under which Carthage, again the queen of the world, should be worthy of herself and her people. And now let us speak of it no more. The very walls have ears, and I doubt not but even among my attendants there are men who are spies in the pay of the council. I see and lament as much as any man the ruin of my country; but, until I see a fair hope of deliverance, I am content to do the best I can against her enemies, to fight her battles as a simple soldier.”
There was silence in the tent. Malchus had thrown himself down on his couch, and for a time forgot even the approaching lion hunt in the conversation to which he had listened.
The government of Carthage was indeed detestable, and was the chief cause both of the misfortunes which had befallen her in the past, and of the disasters which were in the future to be hers. The scheme of government was not in itself bad, and in earlier and simpler times had acted well. Originally it had consisted of three estates, which answered to the king, lords, and commons. At the head of affairs were two suffetes chosen for life. Below them was the senate, a very numerous body, comprising all the aristocracy of Carthage. Below this was the democracy, the great mass of the people, whose vote was necessary to ratify85 any law passed by the senate.
In time, however, all authority passed from the suffetes, the general body of the senate and the democracy, into the hands of a committee of the senate, one hundred in number, who were called the council, the real power being invested in the hands of an inner council, consisting of from twenty to thirty of the members. The deliberations of this body were secret, their power absolute. They were masters of the life and property of every man in Carthage, as afterwards were the council of ten in the republic of Venice. For a man to be denounced by his secret enemy to them as being hostile to their authority was to ensure his destruction and the confiscation86 of his property.
The council of a hundred was divided into twenty subcommittees, each containing five members. Each of these committees was charged with the control of a department—the army, the navy, the finances, the roads and communications, agriculture, religion, and the relations with the various subject tribes, the more important departments being entirely87 in the hands of the members of the inner council of thirty.
The judges were a hundred in number. These were appointed by the council, and were ever ready to carry out their behest, consequently justice in Carthage was a mockery. Interest and intrigue88 were paramount89 in the law courts, as in every department of state. Every prominent citizen, every successful general, every man who seemed likely, by his ability or his wealth, to become a popular personage with the masses, fell under the ban of the council, and sooner or later was certain to be disgraced. The resources of the state were devoted90 not to the needs of the country but to aggrandizement91 and enriching of the members of the committee.
Heavy as were the imposts which were laid upon the tributary92 peoples of Africa for the purposes of the state, enormous burdens were added by the tax gatherers to satisfy the cupidity93 of their patrons in the council. Under such circumstances it was not to be wondered at that Carthage, decaying, corrupt, ill governed, had suffered terrible reverses at the hands of her young and energetic rival Rome, who was herself some day, when she attained94 the apex95 of her power, to suffer from abuses no less flagrant and general than those which had sapped the strength of Carthage.
With the impetuosity of youth Malchus naturally inclined rather to the aspirations96 of his kinsman97 Giscon than to the more sober counsels of his father. He had burned with shame and anger as he heard the tale of the disasters which had befallen his country, because she had made money her god, had suffered her army and her navy to be regarded as secondary objects, and had permitted the command of the sea to be wrested98 from her by her wiser and more far seeing rival.
As evening closed in the stir in the neighbouring camp aroused Malchus from his thoughts, and the anticipation99 of the lion hunt, in which he was about to take part, again became foremost.
The camp was situated100 twenty days' march from Carthage at the foot of some hills in which lions and other beasts of prey101 were known to abound102, and there was no doubt that they would be found that evening.
The expedition had been despatched under the command of Hamilcar to chastise103 a small tribe which had attacked and plundered104 some of the Carthaginian caravans105 on their way to Ethiopia, then a rich and prosperous country, wherein were many flourishing colonies, which had been sent out by Carthage.
The object of the expedition had been but partly successful. The lightly clad tribesmen had taken refuge far among the hills, and, although by dint106 of long and fatiguing107 marches several parties had been surprised and slain108, the main body had evaded109 all the efforts of the Carthaginian general.
The expedition had arrived at its present camping place on the previous evening. During the night the deep roaring of lions had been heard continuously among the hills, and so bold and numerous were they that they had come down in such proximity110 to the camp that the troops had been obliged to rise and light great fires to scare them from making an attack upon the horses.
The general had therefore consented, upon the entreaties111 of his nephew Adherbal, and his son, to organize a hunt upon the following night. As soon as the sun set the troops, who had already received their orders, fell into their ranks. The full moon rose as soon as the sun dipped below the horizon, and her light was ample for the object they had in view.
The Numidian horse were to take their station on the plain; the infantry in two columns, a mile apart, were to enter the mountains, and having marched some distance, leaving detachments behind them, they were to move along the crest112 of the hills until they met; then, forming a great semicircle, they were to light torches, which they had prepared during the day, and to advance towards the plain shouting and dashing their arms, so as to drive all the wild animals inclosed in the arc down into the plain.
The general with the two young officers and his son, and a party of fifty spearmen, were to be divided between the two groves113 in which the camps were pitched, which were opposite the centre of the space facing the line inclosed by the beaters. Behind the groves the Numidian horse were stationed, to give chase to such animals as might try to make their escape across the open plain. The general inspected the two bodies of infantry before they started, and repeated his instructions to the officers who commanded them, and enjoined114 them to march as noiselessly as possible until the semicircle was completed and the beat began in earnest.
The troops were to be divided into groups of eight, in order to be able to repel115 the attacks of any beasts which might try to break through the line. When the two columns had marched away right and left towards the hills, the attendants of the elephants and baggage animals were ordered to remove them into the centre of the groves. The footmen who remained were divided into two parties of equal strength. The general with Malchus remained in the grove in which his tent was fixed116 with one of these parties, while Adherbal and Giscon with the others took up their station in the larger grove.
“Do you think the lions are sure to make for these groves?” Malchus asked his father as, with a bundle of javelins lying by his side, his bow in his hand, and a quiver of arrows hung from his belt in readiness, he took his place at the edge of the trees.
“There can be no certainty of it, Malchus; but it seems likely that the lions, when driven out of their refuges among the hills, will make for these groves, which will seem to offer them a shelter from their pursuers. The fires here will have informed them of our presence last night; but as all is still and dark now they may suppose that the groves are deserted117. In any case our horses are in readiness among the trees close at hand, and if the lions take to the plains we must mount and join the Numidians in the chase.”
“I would rather meet them here on foot, father.”
“Yes, there is more excitement, because there is more danger in it, Malchus; but I can tell you the attack of a wounded lion is no joke, even for a party of twenty-five well armed men. Their force and fury are prodigious118, and they will throw themselves fearlessly upon a clump119 of spears in order to reach their enemies. One blow from their paws is certain death. Be careful, therefore, Malchus. Stir not from my side, and remember that there is a vast difference between rashness and bravery.”
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1
blurs
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| n.模糊( blur的名词复数 )；模糊之物；（移动的）模糊形状；模糊的记忆v.（使）变模糊( blur的第三人称单数 )；（使）难以区分 | |
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grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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dispensed
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| v.分配( dispense的过去式和过去分词 )；施与；配（药） | |
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slumber
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| n.睡眠，沉睡状态 | |
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foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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javelin
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| n.标枪，投枪 | |
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javelins
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| n.标枪( javelin的名词复数 ) | |
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awakened
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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torment
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| n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)；vt.折磨；纠缠 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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lather
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| n.(肥皂水的)泡沫，激动 | |
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nostrils
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| 鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
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varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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lithe
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| adj.(指人、身体)柔软的，易弯的 | |
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inured
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| adj.坚强的，习惯的 | |
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gaily
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| adv.欢乐地，高兴地 | |
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brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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hue
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| n.色度；色调；样子 | |
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stouter
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| 粗壮的( stout的比较级 )； 结实的； 坚固的； 坚定的 | |
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stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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garb
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| n.服装，装束 | |
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strap
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| n.皮带，带子；v.用带扣住，束牢；用绷带包扎 | |
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pouch
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| n.小袋，小包，囊状袋；vt.装...入袋中，用袋运输；vi.用袋送信件 | |
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flannel
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| n.法兰绒；法兰绒衣服 | |
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enlisted
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| adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持） | |
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sleepers
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| n.卧铺（通常以复数形式出现）；卧车( sleeper的名词复数 )；轨枕；睡觉（呈某种状态）的人；小耳环 | |
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infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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grooms
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| n.新郎( groom的名词复数 )；马夫v.照料或梳洗（马等）( groom的第三人称单数 )；使做好准备；训练；（给动物）擦洗 | |
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exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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looms
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| n.织布机( loom的名词复数 )v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的第三人称单数 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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tunic
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| n.束腰外衣 | |
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embroidered
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| adj．绣花的 | |
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halfway
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| adj.中途的，不彻底的，部分的；adv.半路地，在中途，在半途 | |
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embroidery
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| n.绣花，刺绣；绣制品 | |
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regularity
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| n.规律性，规则性；匀称，整齐 | |
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embark
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| vi.乘船，着手，从事，上飞机 | |
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adventurous
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| adj.爱冒险的；惊心动魄的，惊险的，刺激的 | |
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insurgent
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| adj.叛乱的，起事的；n.叛乱分子 | |
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42
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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43
torrents
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| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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44
flinching
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| v.（因危险和痛苦）退缩，畏惧( flinch的现在分词 ) | |
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45
incumbent
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| adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的 | |
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46
herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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47
courageous
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| adj.勇敢的，有胆量的 | |
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48
entails
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| 使…成为必要( entail的第三人称单数 )； 需要； 限定继承； 使必需 | |
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49
subdued
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| adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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50
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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51
fret
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| v.(使)烦恼；(使)焦急；(使)腐蚀，(使)磨损 | |
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52
vile
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| adj.卑鄙的，可耻的，邪恶的；坏透的 | |
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53
murmur
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| n.低语，低声的怨言；v.低语，低声而言 | |
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54
hardy
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| adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的 | |
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55
behooves
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| n.利益，好处( behoof的名词复数 )v.适宜( behoove的第三人称单数 ) | |
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56
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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57
grudge
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| n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做 | |
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58
bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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59
wield
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| vt.行使，运用，支配；挥，使用(武器等) | |
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60
archers
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| n.弓箭手，射箭运动员( archer的名词复数 ) | |
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61
lengthening
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| （时间或空间）延长，伸长( lengthen的现在分词 )； 加长 | |
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62
longing
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| n.（for）渴望 | |
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63
coverts
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| n.隐蔽的，不公开的，秘密的( covert的名词复数 )；复羽 | |
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64
impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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65
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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antagonist
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| n.敌人，对抗者，对手 | |
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67
corrupt
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| v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的 | |
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corruption
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| n.腐败，堕落，贪污 | |
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lament
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| n.悲叹，悔恨，恸哭；v.哀悼，悔恨，悲叹 | |
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passionately
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| ad.热烈地，激烈地 | |
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71
tyrants
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| 专制统治者( tyrant的名词复数 )； 暴君似的人； （古希腊的）僭主； 严酷的事物 | |
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72
goaded
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| v.刺激( goad的过去式和过去分词 )；激励；（用尖棒）驱赶；驱使（或怂恿、刺激）某人 | |
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73
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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disaffected
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| adj.（政治上）不满的，叛离的 | |
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earnings
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| n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得 | |
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wrung
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| 绞( wring的过去式和过去分词 )； 握紧（尤指别人的手）； 把（湿衣服）拧干； 绞掉（水） | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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81
bind
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| vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬 | |
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humbled
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| adj. 卑下的，谦逊的，粗陋的 vt. 使 ... 卑下，贬低 | |
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overthrow
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| v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆 | |
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84
monarchy
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| n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国 | |
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85
ratify
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| v.批准，认可，追认 | |
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86
confiscation
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| n. 没收, 充公, 征收 | |
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87
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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intrigue
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| vt.激起兴趣，迷住；vi.耍阴谋；n.阴谋，密谋 | |
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paramount
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| a.最重要的，最高权力的 | |
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90
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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aggrandizement
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| n.增大，强化，扩大 | |
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92
tributary
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| n.支流；纳贡国；adj.附庸的；辅助的；支流的 | |
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cupidity
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| n.贪心，贪财 | |
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94
attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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apex
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| n.顶点，最高点 | |
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aspirations
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| 强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音 | |
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97
kinsman
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| n.男亲属 | |
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98
wrested
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| （用力）拧( wrest的过去式和过去分词 )； 费力取得； （从…）攫取； （ 从… ） 强行取去… | |
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99
anticipation
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| n.预期，预料，期望 | |
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100
situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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101
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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102
abound
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| vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于 | |
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103
chastise
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| vt.责骂，严惩 | |
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104
plundered
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| 掠夺，抢劫( plunder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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105
caravans
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| （可供居住的）拖车（通常由机动车拖行）( caravan的名词复数 )； 篷车； （穿过沙漠地带的）旅行队（如商队） | |
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106
dint
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| n.由于，靠；凹坑 | |
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107
fatiguing
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| a.使人劳累的 | |
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108
slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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109
evaded
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| 逃避( evade的过去式和过去分词 )； 避开； 回避； 想不出 | |
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110
proximity
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| n.接近，邻近 | |
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111
entreaties
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| n.恳求，乞求( entreaty的名词复数 ) | |
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112
crest
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| n.顶点；饰章；羽冠；vt.达到顶点；vi.形成浪尖 | |
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113
groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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114
enjoined
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| v.命令( enjoin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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115
repel
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| v.击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥 | |
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116
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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117
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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118
prodigious
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| adj.惊人的，奇妙的；异常的；巨大的；庞大的 | |
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119
clump
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| n.树丛，草丛；vi.用沉重的脚步行走 | |
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