"He will not be of much use as an interpreter," he said, "for as the country in which you are going to operate formed, until lately, a part of the Mahratta dominions1, Mahratti will be principally spoken. He will, therefore, go simply as an officer of my staff, attached for the present to your command. He has asked me to allow him to take with him twenty men, belonging to the troop of his uncle, the Rajah of Tripataly. His object, in doing so, is that he will be able to traverse the country independently, and can either rejoin me here, or go to one of the other columns operating against the hill forts, if it should seem to him expedient2 to do so. Should you desire to make a reconnaissance at any time, while he is with you, you will find him useful as an escort, and will not be obliged to ask Purseram Bhow for a party of his cavalry3."
Dick was sorry to leave his uncle, whose tent he had now shared for the last ten months. He found himself, however, very comfortable with the Bombay troops, being made a member of the mess, consisting of the officer in command and the four officers of his staff. Wishing to have some duties with which to occupy himself, he volunteered to act as an aide-de-camp; and although the work was little more than nominal4, it gave him some employment. When not otherwise engaged, he generally rode with Surajah, whom his uncle had appointed to command the twenty troopers.
In the year that had elapsed since his arrival in India, Dick had grown considerably5, and broadened out greatly, and was now a powerful young fellow of over seventeen. He had, since the troop joined the army of Lord Cornwallis, exchanged his civilian6 dress for the undress uniform of an officer, which he had purchased at the sale of the effects of a young lieutenant7 on the general's staff, who had died just as the army arrived before Bangalore. It was, indeed, necessary that he should do this, riding about, as he did, either on the staff of the general, or with the officers of the quartermasters' department. There would be no difficulty in renewing his uniform, for hardship, fever, and war had carried off a large number of officers, as well as men; and the effects were always sold by auction8, on the day following the funeral.
Many hill fortresses10 were captured by the Mahrattis, but few offered any resistance; as their commanders knew well that there was no chance of their being relieved, while the men were, in most cases, delighted at the prospect11 of an escape from their enforced service, and of freedom to return to their homes. In a few of these forts, English captives were found. Some had been there for years, their very existence being apparently12 forgotten by the tyrant13. Some had been fairly treated by the Mysore governor, and where this was the case, the latter was furnished by the British officers with papers, testifying to the kindness with which they had treated the prisoners, and recommending them to the officers of any of the allied14 forces they might encounter on their way home, or when established there.
Upon the other hand, some of the prisoners were found to have been all but starved, and treated with great brutality16. In two cases, where the captives said that some of their companions had died from the effects of the ill treatment they had received, the governors were tried by court martial17 and shot, while some of the others they sentenced to be severely18 flogged.
Every captive released was closely scrutinised by Dick, and eagerly questioned. From one of them, he obtained news that his father had certainly been alive four years previously19, for they had been in prison together, in a hill fort near Bangalore.
"I was a civilian and he a sailor," he said, "consequently neither of us were of any use in drilling Tippoo's battalions20, and had been sent up there. Your father was well, then. The governor was a good fellow, and we had nothing much to complain of. Mr. Holland was a favourite of his, for, being a sailor, he was handy at all sorts of things. He could mend a piece of broken furniture, repair the lock of a musket21, and make himself generally useful. He left there before I did, as the governor was transferred to some other fort--I never heard where it was--and he took your father with him. I don't know whether he had Tippoo's orders to do so, or whether he took him simply because he liked him.
"At any rate, he was the only prisoner who went with him. The rest of us remained there till a few months back, when the fort was abandoned. It was just after the capture of Bangalore, and the place could have offered no resistance, if a body of troops had been sent against it. At any rate, an order arrived one morning, and a few hours afterwards the place was entirely22 abandoned, and we and the garrison23 marched here."
"My father was quite well?"
"Quite well. He used to talk to me, at times, of trying to make his escape. Being a sailor, I have no doubt that he could have got down from the precipice24 on which the fort stood; but he knew that, if he did so, we should all suffer for it, and probably be all put to death, as soon as Tippoo heard that one of us had escaped--for that was always done, in order to deter25 prisoners from trying to get away."
"Do you think that there is any chance of his being still alive?"
"That is more than I can possibly say. You see, we have not known much of what is passing outside our prison. Some of the guards were good natured enough, and would occasionally give us a scrap26 of news; but we heard most from the ill-tempered ones, who delighted in telling us anything they knew that would pain us.
"Three or four months ago, we heard that every white prisoner in Seringapatam had been put to death, by Tippoo's orders, and that doubtless there would be a similar clearance27 everywhere else. Then, again, we were told that the English had retreated, beaten, from before Seringapatam, and that the last of them would soon be down the ghauts. But whether the prisoners have been killed in other hill forts like this, I cannot say, although I suppose not, or we should not have escaped."
"Certainly no such orders can have been sent to the forts here, for we have found a few prisoners in several of them. Of course, it may be otherwise in the forts near the capital, which Tippoo might have thought were likely to fall into our hands; while he may not have considered it worth while to send the same orders to places so far away as this, where no British force was likely to come. Still, at any rate, it is a great satisfaction that my father was alive four years ago, and that he was in kind hands. That is all in favour of my finding him, still alive, in one of the places we shall take, for Lord Cornwallis intends to besiege28 some of the fortresses that command the passes, because he cannot undertake another siege of Seringapatam until he can obtain supplies, freely and regularly, from beyond the ghauts; as nothing whatever can be obtained from the country round, so completely is it wasted by Tippoo's cavalry. I have, therefore, great hopes that my father may be found in one of these forts."
"I hope, indeed, that you may find him. I am convinced that the governor would save his life, if he could do so; though, on the other hand, he would, I am sure, carry out any order he might receive from Tippoo. Of course, he may not be in charge of a fort now, and may have been appointed colonel of one of the regiments30. However, it is always better to hope that things will come as you wish them, however unlikely it may seem that they will do so. We have been living on hope here, though the chances of our ever being released were small, indeed. Of course, we did not even know that Tippoo and the English were at war, until we heard that an English army was besieging31 Bangalore; and even then we all felt that, even if Tippoo were beaten and forced to make peace, it would make no difference to us. He kept back hundreds of prisoners when he was defeated before, and would certainly not surrender any he now holds, unless compelled to do so; and no one would be able to give information as to the existence of captives in these distant forts.
"And yet, in the teeth of all these improbabilities, we continued to hope, and the hopes have been realised."
The capture of forts by the Mahratta army was abruptly32 checked. Having, so far, met with such slight opposition33, Purseram Bhow became over confident, and scattered34 his force over a wide extent of country, in order that they might more easily find food and forage35. In this condition they were suddenly attacked by Tippoo, who took advantage of the English being detained at Bangalore, while the transport train was being reorganised, to strike a blow at the Mahrattis.
The stroke was a heavy one. Many of the detached parties were completely destroyed; and the Mahratta general, after gathering36 the rest to his standard, was forced to retreat, until strong reinforcements were sent him from Bangalore.
Learning, from them, that it was probable Lord Cornwallis would advance as soon as they rejoined him, Dick determined37 to go back to Bangalore, as it was unlikely that, after the severe check they had received, the Mahrattis would resume the offensive for a time.
Surajah and the men were glad to return to the troop, and as soon as the Mysorean force returned to Seringapatam, Dick, without waiting for the infantry38 to get in motion, rode rapidly across the country with his little party.
He accompanied the English army during their operations, obtaining permission to go with the columns engaged in the siege of the hill fortresses, and was present at the capture of all the most important strongholds. To his bitter disappointment, no English prisoners were found in any of them, and it was but too certain that all who might have been there had been massacred, by Tippoo's orders, on the first advance of the British against Seringapatam.
Plan of the siege of Seringapatam
1. Bangalore gate.
2. Mysore gate.
3. Old bridge.
4. New bridge.
6. Place intended for the enfilading battery.
7. Battery to defend the bridge.
8. Montresor's redoubt.
9. Hyder Ali's tomb.
Great indeed was the satisfaction of the army when they at last came in sight of the city. The capital of Mysore stood on an island, in the river Cauvery. This was four miles in length, and two in breadth. The town stood in its centre, the fort at the northern end. The island was approached by two bridges, one close to the fort, the other at the south, both being defended by strong batteries. There were also three fords, two of these being at the north end of the island, and also defended by batteries; the third was near the centre of the island, a mile below the fort, and leading to the native town.
The fort was separated from the rest of the island by a deep ditch cut across it. It was defended by numerous batteries. There were two gardens on the island, full of large trees, one of them being the burial place of Hyder Ali. This was connected with the fort by two avenues of trees. The country round was flat, a considerable portion being almost level with the river, and devoted41 to the cultivation42 of rice, while at other points a forest extended, almost to the bank.
After obtaining a view, from some high ground, of the city and of Tippoo's army encamped beyond its walls, the British force took up its position six miles to the northwest of the city. No sooner had the army reached their camping ground than Lord Cornwallis, with his staff, reconnoitred the approaches.
A thick hedge, formed by a wide belt of thorny43 shrubs44, interlaced and fastened together by cords, extended from the bank of the river, about a thousand yards above Seringapatam; and, making a wide sweep, came down to it again opposite the other end of the island.
It was within the shelter of this formidable obstacle that Tippoo's army was encamped. Within the enclosed space were seven or eight eminences45, on which strong redoubts had been erected46. Fearing that Tippoo might, as soon as he saw the position taken up by the assailants, sally out with his army, take the field, and, as before, cut all his communications, Lord Cornwallis determined to strike a blow at once.
At sunset, orders were accordingly issued for the forces to move, in three columns, at three o'clock; by which time the moon would be high enough to light up, thoroughly47, the ground to be traversed. The centre column, consisting of 3,700 men, under Lord Cornwallis himself, was to burst through the hedge at the centre of the enemy's position, to drive the enemy before them, and, if possible, to cross the ford40 to the island with the fugitives48.
This, however, was not to be done until the centre column was reinforced by that under General Meadows, which was to avoid a strong redoubt at the northwest extremity49 of the hedge, and, entering the fence at a point between the redoubt and the river, drive the enemy before it, until it joined the centre column. Colonel Meadows had 3,300 under his command. The left column, consisting of 1,700 men under Colonel Maxwell, was first to carry a redoubt on Carrygut Hill, just outside the fence; and, having captured this, to cut its way through the hedge, and to cross the river at once, with a portion of the centre column.
Unfortunately, owing to a misunderstanding as to the order, the officer guiding General Meadow's column, instead of taking it to a point between the northwestern redoubt and the river, led it directly at the fort. This was stoutly50 defended, and cost the British eighty men and eleven officers. Leaving a strong garrison here, the column advanced, but came upon another redoubt, of even greater strength and magnitude; and the general, fearing that the delay that would take place in capturing it would entirely disarrange the plan of the attack, thought he had better make his way out through the hedge, march round it to the point where the centre column had entered it, and so give Lord Cornwallis the support he must need, opposed as he was to the whole army of Tippoo.
In the meantime, Colonel Maxwell's force had stormed the work on Carrygut Hill, and had made its way through the hedge; suffering heavily, as it did so, from the fire of a strong body of the enemy, concealed51 in a water course. The head of the centre column, under General Knox, after cutting its way through the hedge, pushed on with levelled bayonets, thrust its way through the enemy's infantry, and, mingling52 with a mass of fugitives, crossed the main ford close under the guns of the fort, and took possession of a village, half way between the town and the fort.
Unfortunately, in the confusion but three companies had followed him. The rest of the regiment29 and three companies of Sepoys crossed lower down, and gained possession of a palace on the bank of the river. The officer in command, however, not knowing that any others had crossed, and receiving no orders, waited until day began to break. He then recrossed the river and joined Lord Cornwallis, a portion of whose column, having been reinforced by Maxwell's column, crossed the river nearly opposite the town.
As they were crossing, a battery of the enemy's artillery53 opened a heavy fire upon them; but Colonel Knox, with his three companies, charged it in the rear, drove out the defenders54, and silenced the guns.
All this time Lord Cornwallis was with the reserve of the central column, eagerly waiting the arrival of General Meadows' division. This, in some unaccountable way, had missed the gap in the hedge by which the centre column had entered, and, marching on, halted at last at Carrygut Hill, where it was not discovered until daylight.
The Mysore army on its left was still unbroken, and had been joined by large numbers of troops from the centre. On discovering the smallness of the force under Lord Cornwallis, they attacked it in overwhelming numbers, led by Tippoo himself. The British infantry advanced to meet them with the bayonet, and drove them back with heavy loss. They rallied, and returned to the attack again and again, but were as often repulsed55; continuing their attacks, however, until daylight, when Lord Cornwallis, discovering at last the position of General Meadows, joined him on Carrygut Hill.
When day broke, the commanders of the two armies were able to estimate the results of the night's operations. On the English side, the only positions gained were the works on Carrygut Hill, the redoubt at the northwest corner of the hedge, another redoubt captured by the centre column, and the positions occupied by the force under Colonels Stuart and Knox, at the eastern end of the island.
The sultan found that his army was much reduced in strength, no less than twenty-three thousand men being killed, wounded, or missing. Of these, the missing were vastly the most numerous, for ten thousand Chelahs, young Hindoos whom Tippoo had carried off in his raids, and forced to become soldiers, and, nominally56, Mohammedans, had taken advantage of the confusion, and marched away with their arms to the Forest of Coorg.
Tippoo made several determined efforts to drive Colonel Stuart's force off the island, and to recapture the redoubts, but was repulsed with such heavy loss that he abandoned the attempt altogether, evacuated57 the other redoubts, and brought his whole army across on to the island.
Tippoo now attempted to negotiate. He had already done so a month before, but Lord Cornwallis had refused to accept his advances, saying that negotiation58 was useless, with one who disregarded treaties and violated articles of capitulation.
"Send hither," he wrote, "the garrison of Coimbatoor, and then we will listen to what you have to say."
Lord Cornwallis alluded59 to the small body of troops who, under Lieutenants60 Chalmers and Nash, had bravely defended that town when it had been attacked by one of Tippoo's generals. The gallant61 little garrison had surrendered at last, on the condition that they should be allowed to march freely away. This condition had been violated by Tippoo, and the garrison had been marched, as prisoners, to Seringapatam. The two officers had been kept in the fort, but most of the soldiers, and twenty-seven other European captives who had lately been brought in from the hill forts, were lodged62 in the village that Colonel Knox had first occupied, on crossing the river, and had all been released by him. Some of these had been in Tippoo's hands for many years, and their joy at their unexpected release was unspeakable.
Preparations were now made for the siege. General Abercrombie was ordered up, with a force of six thousand men, but before his arrival, Lieutenant Chalmers was sent in with a letter from Tippoo, asking for terms of capitulation. Negotiations63 were indeed entered into, but, doubting Tippoo's good faith, the preparations for the siege were continued; and upon the arrival of General Abercrombie's force, on the 15th of February, siege operations were commenced at the end of the island still in British possession.
A few days afterwards, the army was astounded64 at hearing that the conditions had been agreed upon, and that hostilities65 were to cease at once. So great was the indignation, indeed, that a spirit of insubordination, and almost mutiny, was evinced by many of the corps66. They had suffered extreme hardships, had been engaged in most arduous67 marches, had been decimated by fever and bad food, and they could scarce believe their ears when they heard that they were to hold their hands, now that, after a year's campaigning, Seringapatam was at their mercy; and that the man who had butchered so many hundred English captives, who had wasted whole provinces and carried half a million people into captivity68, who had been guilty of the grossest treachery, and whose word was absolutely worthless, was to escape personal punishment.
Still higher did the indignation rise, both among officers and men, when the conditions of the treaty became known, and it was discovered that no stipulation69 whatever had been made for the handing over of the English prisoners still in Mysore, previous to a cessation of hostilities. This condition, at least, should have been insisted upon, and carried out previous to any negotiations being entered upon.
The reasons that induced Lord Cornwallis to make this treaty, when Seringapatam lay at his mercy, have ever been a mystery. Tippoo had proved himself a monster unfitted to live, much less to rule, and the crimes he had committed against the English should have been punished by the public trial and execution of their author. To conclude peace with him, now, was to enable him to make fresh preparations for war, and to necessitate70 another expedition at enormous cost and great loss of life. Tippoo had already proved that he was not to be bound either by treaties or oaths. And, lastly, it would have been thought that, as a general, Lord Cornwallis would have wished his name to go down to posterity71 in connection with the conquest of Mysore, and the capture of Seringapatam, rather than with the memorable72 surrender of York Town, the greatest disaster that ever befell a British army.
The conditions were, in themselves, onerous73, and had they been imposed upon any other than a brutal15 and faithless tyrant, might have been deemed sufficient. Tippoo was deprived of half his dominions, which were to be divided among the allies, each taking the portions adjacent to their territory. A sum of 3,300,000 pounds was to be paid for the expenses of the war. All prisoners of the allied powers were to be restored.
Two of Tippoo's sons were to be given up as hostages. Even after they had been handed over, there were considerable delays before Tippoo's signature was obtained, and it was not until Lord Cornwallis threatened to resume hostilities that, on the 18th of March, a treaty was finally sealed. Of the ceded74 territory the Mahrattis and the Nizam each took a third as their share, although the assistance they had rendered in the struggle had been but of comparatively slight utility. It may, indeed, be almost said that it was given to them as a reward for not accepting the offers Tippoo had made them, of joining with him against the British.
The British share included a large part of the Malabar coast, with the forts of Calicut and Cananore, and the territory of our ally, the Rajah of Coorg. These cessions gave us the passes leading into Mysore from the west. On the south we gained possession of the fort of Dindegul, and the districts surrounding it; while on the east we acquired the tract75 from Amboor to Caroor, and so obtained possession of several important fortresses, together with the chief passes by which Hyder had made his incursions into the Carnatic.
Dick felt deeply the absence of any proviso, in the treaty, that all prisoners should be restored previous to a cessation of hostilities; at the same time admitting the argument of his uncle that, although under such an agreement some prisoners might be released, there was no means of insuring that the stipulation would be faithfully carried out.
"You see, Dick, no one knows, or has indeed the faintest idea, what prisoners Tippoo still has in his hands. We do not know how many have been murdered during the years Tippoo has reigned76. Men who have escaped have, from time to time, brought down news of murders in the places where they had been confined, but they have known little of what has happened elsewhere. Moreover, we have learned that certainly fifty or sixty were put to death, at Seringapatam, before we advanced upon it the first time. We know, too, that some were murdered in the hill forts that we have captured. But how many remain alive, at the present time, we have not the slightest idea. Tippoo might hand over a dozen, and take a solemn oath that there was not one remaining; and though we might feel perfectly77 certain that he was lying, we should be in no position to prove it.
"The stipulation ought to have been made, if only as a matter of honour, but it would have been of no real efficiency. Of course, if we had dethroned Tippoo and annexed78 all his territory, we should undoubtedly79 have got at all the prisoners, wherever they were hidden. But we could hardly have done that. It would have aroused the jealousy80 and fear of every native prince in India. It would have united the Nizam and the Mahrattis against us, and would even have been disapproved81 of in England, where public opinion is adverse82 to further acquisitions of territory, and where people are, of course, altogether ignorant of the monstrous83 cruelties perpetrated by Tippoo, not only upon English captives, but upon his neighbours everywhere.
"Naturally, I am prejudiced in favour of this treaty, for the handing over of the country from Amboor to Caroor, with all the passes and forts, will set us free at Tripataly from the danger of being again overrun and devastated84 by Mysore. My people will be able to go about their work peacefully and in security, free alike from fear of wholesale85 invasion, or incursions of robber bands from the ghauts. All my waste lands will be taken up. My revenue will be trebled.
"There is another thing. Now that the English possess territory beyond that of the Nabob of Arcot, and are gradually spreading their power north, there can be little doubt that, before long, the whole country of Arcot, Travancore, Tanjore, and other small native powers will be incorporated in their dominions. Arcot is powerless for defence, and while, during the last two wars, it has been nominally an ally of the English, the Nabob has been able to give them no real assistance whatever, and the burden of his territory has fallen on them. They took the first step when, at the beginning of the present war, they arranged with him to utilise all the resources and collect the revenues of his possessions, and to allow him an annual income for the maintenance of his state and family. This is clearly the first step towards taking the territory into their own hands, and managing its revenues, and the same will be done in other cases.
"Lord Cornwallis the other day, in thanking me for the services that you and I and the troop have rendered, promised me that an early arrangement should be made, by which I should rule Tripataly under the government of Madras, instead of under the Nabob. This, you see, will be virtually a step in rank, and I shall hold my land direct from the English, instead of from a prince who has become, in fact, a puppet in their hands."
A few days later, the army set off on its march from Mysore, and the same day the Rajah, after making his adieus to Lord Cornwallis, started with his troop for Tripataly, making his way by long marches, instead of following the slow progress of the army. After a couple of days at Tripataly, they went down to Madras, and brought back the Rajah's household.
The meeting between Dick and his mother was one of mixed feeling. It was twenty months since the former had left with his uncle, and he was now nearly eighteen. He had written whenever there was an opportunity of sending any letters; and although his position as interpreter on the staff of the general had relieved her from any great anxiety on his account, she was glad, indeed, to see him again.
Upon the other hand, the fact that, as the war went on, and fortress9 after fortress had been captured, no news came to her that her hopes had been realised; and that the war had now come to a termination, without the mystery that hung over her husband being in any way cleared up, had profoundly depressed86 Mrs. Holland, and it was with mingled87 tears of pleasure and sorrow that she fell on his neck on his return to Madras.
"You must not give way, Mother," Dick said, as she sobbed88 out her fears that all hope was at an end. "Remember that you have never doubted he was alive, and that you have always said you would know if any evil fate had befallen him; and I have always felt confident that you were right. There is nothing changed. I certainly have not succeeded in finding him, but we have found many prisoners in some of the little out-of-the-way forts. Now, some of them have been captives quite as long as he has; therefore there is no reason, whatever, why he should not also be alive. I have no thought of giving up the search as hopeless. I mean to carry out our old plans; and certainly I am much better fitted to do so than I was when I first landed here. I know a great deal about Mysore, and although I don't say I speak the dialect like a native, I have learnt a good deal of it, and can speak it quite as well as the natives of the ghauts and outlying provinces. Surajah, who is a great friend of mine, has told me that if I go he will go too, and that will be a tremendous help. Anyhow, as long as you continue to believe firmly that Father is still alive, I mean to continue the search for him."
"I do believe that he is alive, Dick, as firmly as ever. I have not lost hope in that respect. It is only that I doubt now whether he will ever be found."
"Well, that is my business, Mother. As long as you continue to believe that he is still alive, I shall continue to search for him. I have no other object in life, at present. It will be quite soon enough for me to think of taking up the commission I have been promised, when you tell me that your feeling that he is alive has been shaken."
Mrs. Holland was comforted by Dick's assurance and confident tone, and, putting the thought aside for a time, gave herself up to the pleasure of his return. They had found everything at Tripataly as they had left it, for the Mysore horsemen had not penetrated89 so far north, before Tippoo turned his course east to Pondicherry. The people had, months before, returned to their homes and avocations90.
One evening the Rajah said, as they were all sitting together:
"I hear from my wife, Dick, that your mother has told her you still intend to carry out your original project."
"Yes, Uncle. I have quite made up my mind as to that. There are still plenty of places where he may be, and certainly I am a good deal more fitted for travelling about in disguise, in Mysore, than I was before."
The Rajah nodded.
"Yes. I think, Dick, you are as capable of taking care of yourself as anyone could be. I hear that Surajah is willing to go with you, and this will certainly be a great advantage. He has proved himself thoroughly intelligent and trustworthy, and I have promised him that someday he shall be captain of the troop. You are not thinking of starting just yet, I suppose?"
"No, Uncle. I thought of staying another month or two, before I go off again. Mother says she cannot let me go before that."
"I fancy it will take you longer than that, Dick, before you can pass as a native."
Dick looked surprised.
"Why, Uncle, I did pass as a native, eighteen months ago."
"Yes, you did, Dick; but for how long? You went into shops, bought things, chatted for a short time with natives, and so on; but that is not like living among them. You would be found out before you had been a single day in the company of a native."
Dick looked still more surprised.
"How, Uncle? What do I do that they would know me by."
"It is not what you do, Dick, but it is what you don't do. You can't sit on your heels--squat91, as you call it. That is the habitual92 attitude of every native. He squats93 while he cooks. He squats for hours by the fire, smoking and talking. He never stands for any length of time and, except upon a divan94 or something of that sort, he never sits down. Before you can go and live among the natives, and pass as one for any length of time, you must learn to squat as they do, for hours at a stretch; and I can tell you that it is not by any means an easy accomplishment95 to learn. I myself have quite lost the power. I used to be able to do it, as a boy, but from always sitting on divans96 or chairs in European fashion, I have got out of the way of it, and I don't think I could squat for a quarter of an hour, to save my life."
Dick's mother and cousins laughed heartily97, but he said, seriously, "You are quite right, Uncle. I wonder I never thought of it before. It was stupid of me not to do so. Of course, when I have been talking with Surajah or other officers, by a camp fire, I have sat on the ground; but I see that it would never do, in native dress. I will begin at once."
"Wait a moment, Dick," the Rajah said. "There are other things which you will have to practise. You may have to move in several disguises, and must learn to comport98 yourself in accordance with them. You must remember that your motions are quicker and more energetic than are those of people here. Your walk is different; the swing of the arms, your carriage, are all different from theirs. You are unaccustomed to walk either barefooted or in native shoes. Now, all these things have to be practised before you can really pass muster100. Therefore I propose that you shall at once accustom99 yourself to the attire101, which you can do in our apartments of an evening. The ranee and the boys will be able to correct your first awkwardness, and to teach you much.
"After a week or two, you must stain your face, arms, and legs, and go out with Rajbullub in the evening. You must keep your eyes open, and watch everything that passes, and do as you see others do. When Rajbullub thinks that you can pass muster, you will take to going out with him in the daylight, and so you will come, in time, to reach a point that it will be safe for you to begin your attempt.
"Do not watch only the peasants. There is no saying that it may not be necessary to take to other disguises. Observe the traders, the soldiers, and even the fakirs. You will see that they walk each with a different mien102. The trader is slow and sober. The man who wears a sword walks with a certain swagger. The fakir is everything by turns; he whines103, and threatens; he sometimes mumbles104 his prayers, and sometimes shrieks105 at the top of his voice.
"When you are not riding or shooting, lad, do not spend your time in the garden, or with the women. Go into the town and keep your eyes open. Bear in mind that you are learning a lesson, and that your life depends upon your being perfect in every respect.
"As to your first disguise, I will speak to Rajbullub, and he will get it ready by tomorrow evening. The dress of the peasant of Mysore differs little from that here, save that he wears rather more clothing than is necessary in this warm climate."
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dominions
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| 统治权( dominion的名词复数 )； 领土； 疆土； 版图 | |
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expedient
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| adj.有用的，有利的；n.紧急的办法，权宜之计 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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nominal
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| adj.名义上的；(金额、租金)微不足道的 | |
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5
considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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civilian
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| adj.平民的，民用的，民众的 | |
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7
lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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8
auction
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| n.拍卖；拍卖会；vt.拍卖 | |
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9
fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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fortresses
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| 堡垒，要塞( fortress的名词复数 ) | |
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prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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12
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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14
allied
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| adj.协约国的；同盟国的 | |
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15
brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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brutality
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| n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮 | |
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17
martial
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| adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的 | |
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18
severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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19
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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20
battalions
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| n.（陆军的）一营（大约有一千兵士）( battalion的名词复数 )；协同作战的部队；军队；（组织在一起工作的）队伍 | |
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21
musket
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| n.滑膛枪 | |
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22
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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23
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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24
precipice
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| n.悬崖，危急的处境 | |
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25
deter
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| vt.阻止，使不敢，吓住 | |
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26
scrap
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| n.碎片；废料；v.废弃，报废 | |
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27
clearance
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| n.净空；许可(证)；清算；清除，清理 | |
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28
besiege
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| vt.包围，围攻，拥在...周围 | |
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29
regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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regiments
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| （军队的）团( regiment的名词复数 )； 大量的人或物 | |
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31
besieging
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的现在分词 ) | |
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32
abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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34
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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35
forage
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| n.(牛马的)饲料，粮草；v.搜寻，翻寻 | |
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36
gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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37
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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38
infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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39
breaching
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| 攻破( breach的过去式 )； 破坏，违反 | |
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40
Ford
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| n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过 | |
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41
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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42
cultivation
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| n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成 | |
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43
thorny
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| adj.多刺的，棘手的 | |
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44
shrubs
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| 灌木( shrub的名词复数 ) | |
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45
eminences
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| 卓越( eminence的名词复数 )； 著名； 高地； 山丘 | |
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46
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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47
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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48
fugitives
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| n.亡命者，逃命者( fugitive的名词复数 ) | |
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49
extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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50
stoutly
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| adv.牢固地，粗壮的 | |
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51
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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52
mingling
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| adj.混合的 | |
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53
artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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54
defenders
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| n.防御者( defender的名词复数 )；守卫者；保护者；辩护者 | |
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55
repulsed
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| v.击退( repulse的过去式和过去分词 )；驳斥；拒绝 | |
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56
nominally
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| 在名义上，表面地； 应名儿 | |
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57
evacuated
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| 撤退者的 | |
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58
negotiation
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| n.谈判，协商 | |
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59
alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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60
lieutenants
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| n.陆军中尉( lieutenant的名词复数 )；副职官员；空军；仅低于…官阶的官员 | |
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61
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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62
lodged
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| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
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63
negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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64
astounded
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| v.使震惊(astound的过去式和过去分词)；愕然；愕；惊讶 | |
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65
hostilities
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| n.战争；敌意(hostility的复数)；敌对状态；战事 | |
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66
corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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67
arduous
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| adj.艰苦的，费力的，陡峭的 | |
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68
captivity
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| n.囚禁；被俘；束缚 | |
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69
stipulation
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| n.契约，规定，条文；条款说明 | |
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70
necessitate
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| v.使成为必要，需要 | |
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71
posterity
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| n.后裔，子孙，后代 | |
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72
memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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73
onerous
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| adj.繁重的 | |
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74
ceded
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| v.让给，割让，放弃( cede的过去式 ) | |
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75
tract
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| n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林) | |
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76
reigned
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| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
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77
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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78
annexed
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| [法] 附加的，附属的 | |
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79
undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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80
jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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81
disapproved
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| v.不赞成( disapprove的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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82
adverse
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| adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的 | |
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83
monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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84
devastated
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| v.彻底破坏( devastate的过去式和过去分词)；摧毁；毁灭；在感情上（精神上、财务上等）压垮adj.毁坏的；极为震惊的 | |
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85
wholesale
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| n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售 | |
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86
depressed
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| adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的 | |
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87
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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88
sobbed
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| 哭泣，啜泣( sob的过去式和过去分词 )； 哭诉，呜咽地说 | |
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89
penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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90
avocations
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| n.业余爱好，嗜好( avocation的名词复数 )；职业 | |
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91
squat
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| v.蹲坐，蹲下；n.蹲下；adj.矮胖的，粗矮的 | |
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92
habitual
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| adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的 | |
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93
squats
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| n.蹲坐，蹲姿( squat的名词复数 )；被擅自占用的建筑物v.像动物一样蹲下( squat的第三人称单数 )；非法擅自占用（土地或房屋）；为获得其所有权；而占用某片公共用地。 | |
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94
divan
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| n.长沙发；（波斯或其他东方诗人的）诗集 | |
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95
accomplishment
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| n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能 | |
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96
divans
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| n.（可作床用的）矮沙发( divan的名词复数 )；（波斯或其他东方诗人的）诗集 | |
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97
heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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98
comport
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| vi.相称，适合 | |
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99
accustom
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| vt.使适应，使习惯 | |
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100
muster
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| v.集合，收集，鼓起，激起；n.集合，检阅，集合人员，点名册 | |
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101
attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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102
mien
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| n.风采；态度 | |
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103
whines
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| n.悲嗥声( whine的名词复数 )；哀鸣者v.哀号( whine的第三人称单数 )；哀诉，诉怨 | |
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104
mumbles
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| 含糊的话或声音，咕哝( mumble的名词复数 ) | |
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105
shrieks
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| n.尖叫声( shriek的名词复数 )v.尖叫( shriek的第三人称单数 ) | |
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