Mr. Edwards had much reason on his side. Mankind are historically regarded as possessing insufficiency of brains, and it is bad economics to put an incorrigible13 thief into their mouths to steal away what brains they have.
I had respect for Mr. Edwards' side of the argument. For when a man makes a fool of himself, or fails to keep an engagement, or departs, in his behaviour from his best manner—through drink—he should take the next train to the safe and serene14 land of Abstinence.
The first person who mentioned to me the idea of a halfpenny newspaper was Mr. Passmore Edwards. One night as we were walking down Fleet Street from Temple Bar, when the Bar stood where the Griffin now stands, Mr. Edwards asked me, as I had had experience in the publishing trade whether I thought a halfpenny newspaper would pay, which evidently had for some time occupied his mind. The chief difficulty I foresaw was, would newsagents give it a chance? It afterwards cost the house of Cassells'—the first to make the experiment—many thousands. The Workman, in which I had a department, was intended, I was told, to be a forerunner15 of the halfpenny paper. But that title would never do, as I ventured to predict. Workmen, as a rule with no partnership16 in profits, had enough of work without buying a paper about it. Tradesmen, middle-class and others, did not want to be taken for workmen, and the Workman was discontinued. But, strange to say, the same paper issued under the title of Work became successful Everybody was interested in work but not in being workmen. Such are the subtleties17 of titles! Their right choice—is it art or instinct? The Echo was the name fixed18 upon for the first halfpenny paper. Echo of what? was not indicated. It excluded expectations of originality19. Probably curiosity was the charm. It committed no one to any side. There were always more noises about than any one could listen to, and many were glad to hear the most articulate. I wrote articles in the earliest numbers under the editorship of Sir Arthur Arnold.
The House of Allsop, as known to the world of progress in the last century, is ended. The first who gave it public interest was Thomas AIlsop, who assisted Robert Owen in 1832 in the Gray's Inn Lane Labour Exchanges. He was a watchful20 assistant of those who contributed to the public service without expecting or receiving requital21. His admiration22 of genius always took the form of a gift—a rare but encouraging form of applause. Serjeant Talfourd somewhere bears testimony23 to the generous assistance Mr. AIlsop rendered to Hazlitt, Lamb, and Coleridge. To Lamb, he continually sent gifts, and Coleridge dined at his table every Sunday for nineteen years. Landor, who had always nobility of character, and was an impulsive24 writer—represented Mr. Allsop's interest in European freedom as proceeding25 from "vanity," forgetful of his own letter to Jessie Meriton White, offering ￡100 to any assassin of Napoleon III.; and John Forster preserves Landor's remark upon Mr. Allsop, but does not, so far as I remember, give Landor's Assassin Letter. The fact was, no man less sought publicity26 or disliked it more than Mr. Allsop. When Feargus O'Connor was elected member for Nottingham, Mr. Allsop qualified27 him by conferring upon him lands bringing an income of ￡300. He divided his Lincoln estate into allotments for working men, but he never mentioned these things himself. His son Robert held his father's intellectual views. His eldest28 son Thomas, who was class-mate with Mr. Dixon Galpin at Queenwood, a considerable landowner in British Columbia, was the philosopher of the family, and like Archbishop Whately, had a power of stating them with ever apt and ready illustrations.
They were like Mr. Owen, Conservative in politics; but in social and mental matters they were intrepid29 in welcoming new truth. It was at Thomas's suggestion that I omitted his father's name altogether in my chapter, "Mr. Secretary Walpole and the Jacobin's Friend."* Landor was quite wrong, there was no "vanity" in the Allsop family. Were Thomas Allsop the younger now living I should not write these paragraphs. As it is, I may say that I owed to his generosity30 an annuity31 of ￡100. He commenced it by a subscription32 of ￡200, and by Mr. Robert Applegarth's friendly secretaryship, which had devotion and inspiration in it, a committee to which the Rev33. Dr. Joseph Parker, with his intrepid tolerance34, gave his name, was formed, and an annuity of ￡100 was purchased for me.
* "Sixty Years," chap. lxx. p. 72.
Parker
When the Taxes on Knowledge were repealed35, Mr. Collet and I attempted to procure37 the repeal36 of the Passenger Tax on Railways. For forty years after the imposition of the tax of Lord Halford, 1832, the workman was taxed who went in search of an employer. When a poor sailor, arriving in London after a long voyage, desired to visit his poor mother in Glasgow, the Government added to his fare a tax of three shillings, to encourage him in filial affection. In the interests of locomotion38 and trade, two or three associations had attempted to get this pernicious tax repealed, without success. It was remarked in Parliament in 1877 that no committee representing the working class asked for the repeal of this discreditable impost39, which most concerned them. This was the reason of the formation of the Travelling Tax Abolition40 Committee, of which Mr. Collet became secretary and I the chairman. We were assisted by an influential41 committee of civic42 and industrial leaders. After six years' agitation43 we were mainly instrumental (that was in Mr. Gladstone's days) in obtaining the repeal of the penny a mile tax on all third-class fares, effected by Mr. Childers in 1883, which ever since has put into the pocket of working-class travellers ￡400,000 a year, besides the improved carriages and improved service the repeal has enabled railway companies to give. We continued the committee many years longer in the hope of freeing the railways wholly from taxation44, which still hampers45 the directors and is obstructive of commerce. I was chairman for twenty-four years, during which time twenty-two of the committee died. Our memorials, interviews with ministers, correspondence with officials, petitions to Parliament, public meetings and various publications, involved a large and incessant46 amount of work without payment of any kind. Subsequently a committee of publicists, journalists and members of Parliament, for whom Mr. Applegarth was the secretary, caused ￡80 to be given to me, in recognition of my services. Though it represented less than ￡4 a year as the salary of the chairman, it was valuable in my eyes from the persons who gave it, as they were not the persons much benefited by the work done, and who really taxed themselves on behalf of others. A subscription of a halfpenny each from the working-class travellers who had profited by the repeal would have amounted to a handsome acknowledgment. But from them it was impossible to collect it. Testimonials, I believe, are often given by persons who generously subscribe47 for others upon whom the obligation of making it more properly rests.
It would seem insensibility or ingratitude48 not to record, that on my eightieth birthday—now eight years ago—I was entertained at a numerously attended dinner party in the National Liberal Club, at which to my gratification, Mr. Walter Morrison presided. The speakers, and distinction of many in the assembly, were a surprise, transcending49 all I had foreseen. The words of Mr. Morrison's speech, to use Tennyson's words, were like
"Jewels
That on the stretch'd forefinger50 of all time
Sparkle forever"
in my memory.
On my eighty-sixth birthday a reception was given me by the Ethical51 Society of South Place Chapel52, Finsbury—the oldest Free Thought temple in London, where the duty of free inquiry53 was first proclaimed by W. J. Fox. The place was filled with faces familiar and unfamiliar54, from near and far, of artists, poets, publicists, journalists, philosophers, as at the National Liberal Club, but in greater numbers. Lady Florence Dixie purchased a large and costly55 oil painting,* and sent it for me to present to the Library of the Rationalist Press Association. Among the letters sent was one, the last sent to a public meeting, by Herbert Spencer. The reader will pardon the pride I have in quoting it.
* By my nephew, Roland Holyoake.
Writing from 5, Percival Terrace, Brighton, March 28, 1903, Mr. Spencer said: "I have not been out of doors since last August, and as Mr. Holyoake knows, it is impossible for me to join in the Reception to be given to him on the occasion of his eighty-sixth birthday. I can do nothing more than express my warm feeling of concurrence56. Not dwelling57 upon his intellectual capacity, which is high, I would emphasise58 my appreciation59 of his courage, sincerity60, truthfulness61, philanthropy, and unwearied perseverance62. Such a combination of these qualities, it will, I think, be difficult to find."
For a period I had the opportunity accorded me of editing a daily newspaper—The Sun. The Rev. Dr. Joseph Parker had been my predecessor63. I was left at liberty to say whatever I pleased, and I did. In one week I wrote twenty-nine articles.
But opulent opportunity of working was afforded me. As I was paid ten times as much as I had received before, I thought myself in a paradise of journalism64.
In the correspondence of Robert Owen, now in possession of the Co-operative union Memorial Committee, Manchester, is the following letter from his customary legal adviser65, who then resided at Hornsey.
"6, Old Jewry, London,
"February 17, 1853. "R. Owen, Esq.,
"Dear Sir,—I am glad to see your handwriting upon an
envelope conveying to me a pamphlet of yours.
"Holyoake I expect will breakfast with me on Sunday morning.
He comes down by the railway to Hornsey, which leaves London
"I am afraid it is too cold for you, and that the walk from
the railway to our house, which is three quarters of a mile,
may not be agreeable.
"Yours truly,
"W. H. Ashurst.
"H. will return about 12 or 1."
After breakfast Mr. Owen walked briskly with me into town. He was then eighty-two. On his way he explained to me that, when walking as often had done from Birmingham to Worcester, or from Huddersfield to Sheffield—to lecture, I should find it an advantage to use the horse road, as on the footpath67 there is more unevenness68 and necessity of deviation69 to allow persons to pass, which increases the fatigue70 of a day on foot. So thoughtful and practical was the reputed visionary.
Of letters on public affairs I confine myself to three instances. When the South Kensington Exhibitions were in force, more than twenty thousand visitors a day thronged71 the Exhibition Road. Mothers with their children had to cross the wide Museum Road, where policemen, stationed to protect the passengers, had enough to do to keep their own toes on their feet, in the undivided traffic of cabs. I wrote to the Times suggesting that a lamp should be erected72 in the middle of the wide road serving as a light, a retreat, and a division of traffic. All the cabmen who could write protested against the danger, or the necessity, and possibility of the proposal. But it was done, to the great joy of mothers and advantage to the public.
After the fall of the French Assassin at Sedan when Marshal Bazaine was hanging about Europe in obscurity and ignominy, Mr. Arthur Arnold proposed that he should be invited to a banquet in London. Seeing that the citizens of Paris went out at night in bands of twenty or thirty heroically to help to raise the siege—on what ground could we offer to honour Bazaine, who with 192,000 soldiers under his command, was afraid to attempt it? I asked the question in the Press, and the proposal, which had a sentiment of chivalry73 in it to a fallen general, and was commanding some concurrence—went out—like the Marshal—into outer darkness. *****
When public opinion was in the balance respecting the South American War, Mr. Reverdy Johnson and a Copperhead colleague arrived in London and began to do a respectable business in public mystification. From information supplied to me I wrote letters explaining the real nature of that sinister74 mission, in consequence of which the two emissaries of slavery made tracks for New York.
But of instances, as of other things, there must be an end.
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1
adversary
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| adj.敌手，对手 | |
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wavy
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| adj.有波浪的，多浪的，波浪状的，波动的，不稳定的 | |
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picturesque
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fervid
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| adj.热情的；炽热的 | |
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delineation
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| n.记述；描写 | |
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wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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deride
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| v.嘲弄，愚弄 | |
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intimidate
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| vt.恐吓，威胁 | |
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salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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fervently
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| adv.热烈地，热情地，强烈地 | |
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incorrigible
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| adj.难以纠正的，屡教不改的 | |
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serene
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| adj. 安详的，宁静的，平静的 | |
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forerunner
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| n.前身，先驱（者），预兆，祖先 | |
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partnership
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| n.合作关系，伙伴关系 | |
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subtleties
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| 细微( subtlety的名词复数 )； 精细； 巧妙； 细微的差别等 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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originality
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| n.创造力，独创性；新颖 | |
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watchful
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| adj.注意的，警惕的 | |
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requital
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| n.酬劳；报复 | |
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admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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impulsive
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| adj.冲动的，刺激的；有推动力的 | |
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proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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publicity
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| n.众所周知，闻名；宣传，广告 | |
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qualified
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| adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的 | |
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eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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intrepid
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| adj.无畏的，刚毅的 | |
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generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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annuity
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| n.年金；养老金 | |
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32
subscription
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| n.预订，预订费，亲笔签名，调配法，下标（处方） | |
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33
rev
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| v.发动机旋转，加快速度 | |
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34
tolerance
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| n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差 | |
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35
repealed
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| 撤销，废除( repeal的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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repeal
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| n.废止，撤消；v.废止，撤消 | |
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procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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locomotion
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| n.运动，移动 | |
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impost
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| n.进口税，关税 | |
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abolition
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| n.废除，取消 | |
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41
influential
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| adj.有影响的，有权势的 | |
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42
civic
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| adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的 | |
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43
agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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44
taxation
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| n.征税，税收，税金 | |
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45
hampers
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| 妨碍，束缚，限制( hamper的第三人称单数 ) | |
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incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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subscribe
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| vi.(to)订阅，订购；同意；vt.捐助，赞助 | |
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ingratitude
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| n.忘恩负义 | |
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transcending
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| 超出或超越（经验、信念、描写能力等）的范围( transcend的现在分词 )； 优于或胜过… | |
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forefinger
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| n.食指 | |
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51
ethical
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| adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的 | |
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chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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unfamiliar
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| adj.陌生的，不熟悉的 | |
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costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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concurrence
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| n.同意；并发 | |
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dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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emphasise
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| vt.加强...的语气，强调，着重 | |
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appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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truthfulness
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| n. 符合实际 | |
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perseverance
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| n.坚持不懈，不屈不挠 | |
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predecessor
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| n.前辈，前任 | |
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journalism
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| n.新闻工作，报业 | |
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adviser
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| n.劝告者，顾问 | |
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precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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footpath
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| n.小路，人行道 | |
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unevenness
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| n. 不平坦，不平衡，不匀性 | |
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deviation
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| n.背离，偏离；偏差，偏向；离题 | |
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fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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73
chivalry
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| n.骑士气概，侠义；（男人）对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤 | |
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sinister
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| adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的 | |
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