While I was advertising8 Progress I was also preparing the second Christmas Number of the Freethinker. The announcement of its contents caused a great deal of excitement, and I am prepared to admit that it was, to use a common phrase, the "warmest" publication ever issued. It was full from cover to cover of what the orthodox call blasphemy9, and it was speedily described by the Christian10 press as more "outrageous11" than any of the ordinary numbers for which we were already prosecuted12. The description was perfectly13 correct. I had concluded that my wisest policy, as it was certainly the most courageous14, was to disregard the Blasphemy Laws and defy the bigots; to show that Freethought was not to be cowed or intimidated15 by threats of imprisonment16. Facing the enemy boldly appeared to me better than running away; a course in which I could see neither glory, honor, nor profit. Even if I had consulted my safety above all things, I should have seen little wisdom in flight; and being shot in the back, while no less dangerous, is far more ignominious17 than being shot in the front. I have paid the full penalty of my policy; I have suffered twelve months' torture in a Christian gaol18; yet I do not repent19 the course I took; and ever since my release from prison I have felt it my duty to continue doing the very thing for which I was punished.
Being tastefully got-up, well printed, profusely20 illustrated21, and extensively denounced by the organs of Toryism and piety22, this Christmas Number had a very large sale. Yet, strange as it may sound to some bigoted23 ears, Mr. Ramsey and I were after all several pounds out of pocket by it, the expenses being altogether out of proportion to the price, and our object being less material gain than the wide dissemination24 of our views. With the knowledge of this pecuniary25 loss in our minds, it may be imagined how grimly we smiled when the counsel sternly alluded26 to our "nefarious27 profits."
I shall have occasion to deal with the contents of this Christmas Number when I explain our second Indictment28; which, I repeat, as there is general misunderstanding on the subject, was tried before the first, and resulted in Judge North's atrocious and almost unparalleled sentence.
During the interval29 between the publication of this "budget of blasphemy" and the date of our summons to answer a criminal charge founded on it, I had several interviews with Mr. E. Truelove, a gentleman well known to all advanced people in London as a veteran champion of the freedom as the press. At the age of seventy, after a long life sans peur et sans reproche, this fine old reformer was dragged by the paid Secretary of the Society for the Suppression of Vice30 (or the Vice Society as Cobbett always called it) into a criminal court to answer a charge of obscenity. The objectionable matter was contained in an extremely mild, not to say mawkish31, essay on the population question by Robert Dale Owen, a man of literary eminence32 in the United States, and once an ambassador of the great Republic. Like ourselves, Mr. Truelove was tried twice before a verdict of guilty could be obtained. His sentence was four months' imprisonment like a common felon33. Mr. Truelove was indisposed to reveal the secrets of his prison-house out of a tender regard for my feelings, but seeing that I preferred to know the worst, he told me all about the felon's cell, the plank34 bed, the oakum picking, the wretched diet, and the horribly monotonous35 life. My chief feeling on hearing this sad tale was one of indignation at the thought that a man of honest convictions and blameless life should be subjected to such privations and indignities36. It did not weaken my resolution; it only deepened my hatred37 of the system which sanctioned such iniquities38.
From America, however, came a piece of bitter-sweet news. Mr. D. M. Bennett, editor of the New York Truthseeker, had just died. His end was hastened by the heart-disease he contracted while undergoing imprisonment for an "offence" similar to that of Mr. Truelove. Yet almost at the moment of Mr. Bennett's death, another jury had found another publisher of the very same work Not Guilty. I learned from the New York papers that the acquittal was partly due to the impartiality39 of the judge, partly to the progress the public mind had made on the population question, and partly to the fact that the accused publisher conducted his own defence. Here was a gleam of hope. I also might meet with an impartial40 judge, I also might find a jury reflecting an enlightened public opinion, and I also was resolved to defend myself. Alas41! I did not know that I was to meet with the most bigoted judge on the bench, and to plead to a jury exactly calculated to effect his vindictive42 purpose.
On Thursday, December 7, 1882, we published our second Christmas Number of the Freethinker. I will deal with its contents presently, when I have narrated43 how it led to our second prosecution. Let it here suffice to say that it was undoubtedly44 a very "warm" publication, and well calculated to arouse the slumbering45 Blasphemy Laws. Some Freethinkers even were astonished at its audacity46. A few belonging to an old-fashioned school, and a few more who were assiduously courting "respectability," resented our action; although, as the vast majority of our party were of an opposite opinion, they refrained from expressing their reprobation47 too loudly. In reply to their murmurs48 I wrote an article in my paper on "Superstitious49 Freethinkers." It appeared in the number for December 31, and thus appropriately closed a year of combat. A few passages are, perhaps, worth insertion here.
"It has been said of Robert Burns that, although his head and
heart rejected Calvinism, he never quite got it out of his blood.
matters, one of a very large class. Many men rid their intellects
of a superstition51, without being able to resist its power over
their feelings. Even so profound a sceptic as Renan has admitted
that his life is guided by a faith he no longer possesses. And
we are all familiar with instances of the same thing..."
them who have lost belief in God are afraid to speak too loud
lest he should overhear them. 'How old are you, Monsieur
Fontenelle?' asked a pretty young French lady. 'Hush, not so
Freethinkers do without any wit at all. They object to laughing
at the gods, whether Christian, Brahmanic or Mohammedan; and
perhaps they would extend the same friendly consideration to
Mumbo Jumbo. Strange that people should be so tender about
ghosts! Especially when they don't even believe them to be
delusions (not illusions), like the philosopher's stone,
witchcraft, astrology, holy water and miracles. I am as much
Freethinker is entitled to ridicule the miracles at Lourdes;
and when 'taste' is dragged into the question, I simply reply
that there is as much ill taste in the one case as in the other.
absurdity ever perpetrated. It would shield every form of
'spiritual' lunacy in the world.
"These squeamish Freethinkers don't object to ridicule in
politics, literature or social life. They rather approve Punch
and the other comic journals, even when these satirise living
persons who feel the sting. Why, then, do they object to ridicule
in religion? Simply because they still feel that there is
something sacred about it. Now I insist that on the Atheist's
principles there can be no such sacredness, and I decline to
recognise it. I take the full consequences and claim the full
liberty of my belief.
"Christians62 may, of course, urge that their feelings on such
a subject as religion are sacred, and a few superstitious
The feelings of a Christian about Father, Son and Holy Ghost,
are no more sacred than my feelings on any other subject.
I have no quarrel with persons, and I recognise how many are
feelings, and much as I respect them, I have a greater respect
enfranchisement, we are bound to use it against the wretched
it is as absurd to give quarter as it is absurd to expect it.
"My answer to the Freethinkers who would coquet with Christianity,
and gain a fictitious68 respectability by courting compliments
from Christian teachers, is that they are playing with fire.
Let them ponder the lessons of history, and remember Clifford's
bitter word about the evil superstition which destroyed one
civilisation and nearly succeeded in destroying another.
Freethought will sweep on with its main volume, and dash against
every impediment with all its effective force."
Well, I exercised "the full liberty of my belief," and I had to take its "full consequences." Yet, looking back over my year's torture in a Christian gaol, my conscience approves that dangerous policy, and I do not experience a single regret.
In the same number of the Freethinker I referred at some length to Tyler's prosecution, which was dragging along its slow course in a way that must have been very provoking to Mr. Bradlaugh's enemies. By dexterous73 manoeuvring and skilful74 pleading, that litigious man, as the Tories call him, had managed to get two counts struck out of our Indictment. The result of this to Mr. Ramsey and myself was nil75, but it brought great relief to Mr. Bradlaugh, and made his acquittal almost a matter of certainty.
Meanwhile our Christmas Number was selling rapidly. In a few weeks it had reached a far larger circulation than had been enjoyed by any Freethought publication before. Naturally the bigots were enraged76, both by its character and its success. Many religious journals, and especially the Rock, clamored for legal protection against such "blasphemy." Irate77 Christians called at our shop in Stonecutter Street, purchased copies of the obnoxious78 paper, and, flourishing them in the faces of Mr. Ramsey and Mr. Kemp, declared that we should "hear more of this;" to which pious79 salutation they usually replied by offering their minatory80 visitors "a dozen or perhaps a quire at trade price." Similar busybodies called at Mr. Cattell's shop in Fleet Street, and plied53 him with cajoleries when menaces were futile81. One of them, indeed, attempted bribery82. He offered Mr. Cattell half a sovereign to remove our Christmas Number from his window. What a wonderful bigot! That detestable fraternity has nearly always persecuted83 heresy84 at other people's expense, but this man was willing to tax himself for that laudable object. Surely he is phenomenal enough to deserve a memorial in Westminster Abbey, or at least an effigy85 at Madame Tussaud's.
Presently our shop was visited by another class of men—plain-clothes detectives. They came in couples, and it was easy to understand their business. We were, therefore, not surprised when, on January 29, 1883, we were severally served with the following summons:—
"To GEORGE WILLIAM FOOTE, of No. 9 South Crescent, Bedford Square,
Middlesex; WILLIAM JAMES RAMSEY, of No. 28 Stonecutter Street,
in the City of London, and No. 20 Brownlow Street, Dalston,
Middlesex; and HENRY ARTHUR KEMP, of No. 28 Stonecutter Street,
Whereas you have this day been charged before the undersigned,
the Lord Mayor of the City of London, being one of her Majesty's
Justices of the Peace in and for the said City and the Liberties
thereof, by JAMES MACDONALD, of No. 7 Burton Road, Brixton,
in the county of Surrey, for that you did in the said City
of London, on the 16th day December, in the year of Our Lord,
and impious libel in the Christmas Number for 1882 of a certain
newspaper called the Freethinker, against the peace of our
Lady the Queen, her crown and Dignity. These are therefore
to command you, in her Majesty's name, to be and appear before
me on Friday, the second day of February, 1883, at eleven of
in the said City, or before such other Justice or Justices of
the Peace for the same City as may then be there, to answer
to the said charge, and to be further dealt with according to
law. Herein fail not. Given under my hand and seal, this
29th day of January, in the year of Our Lord, 1883, at the
Mansion House Justice-Room aforesaid.
"Lord Mayor, London."
The James Macdonald of this summons, who played the part of a common informer, turned out to be a police officer. In the ordinary way of business he went to the Lord Mayor, complained of our blasphemy and his own lacerated feelings, and applied93 for a summons against us as a first step towards punishing us for our sins. What a reductio ad absurdum of the Blasphemy Laws! Instead of ordinary Christians protesting against our outrages94, and demanding our restraint in the interest of the peace, a callous95 policeman has to do the work, without a scintilla96 of feeling about the matter, just as he might proceed against any ordinary criminal for theft or assault. The real mover in this business was Sir Thomas Nelson, the City Solicitor97, representing the richest and corruptest Corporation in the world.
The Corporation of the City of London might be described in the language which Jesus applied to the Town Council of Jerusalem eighteen centuries ago—"They devour98 widows' houses, and for a pretence99 make long prayers." What could be more hypocritical than such a body posing as the champions of religion, and especially of the religion of Christ! If the Prophet of Nazareth were alive again to-day, who would expect to find him at a Lord Mayor's banquet? Would he frequent the Stock Exchange, be at home in the Guild-hall and the Mansion House, or select his disciples100 from the worshippers in the myriad101 temples of Mammon? Would he not rather hate and denounce these modern Pharisees as cordially as they would certainly hate and denounce him?
If the City Fathers meant to protect the honor of God, they were both absurd and blasphemous. There is something ineffably102 ludicrous in the spectacle of a host of fat aldermen rushing out from their shops and offices to steady the tottering103 throne of Omnipotence104. And what presumption105 on the part of these pigmies to undertake a defence of deity106! Surely Omnipotence is as able to punish as Omniscience107 knows when to punish. The theologians who, as Matthew Arnold says, talk familiarly of God, as though he were a man living in the next street, are modest in comparison with his self-elected body-guard.
Would it not be better for these presumptuous108 mortals to mind their own business? It will be time enough for them to supervise their neighbors when they have reformed themselves. With all their pretensions109 to superior piety and virtue110, they are notoriously the greatest ring of public thieves in the world, and they are at present lavishly111 expending112 trust-monies in a desperate endeavor to justify113 their turpitude114 and prolong their plunder115.
According to our summons, Mr. Ramsey, Mr. Kemp, and I appeared at the Mansion House on Friday, February 2, 1883. The Justice Room was thronged116 long before the Lord Mayor took his seat on the Bench, and all the approaches were crowded by anxious sympathisers. All the evidence was of a purely117 formal character. It was a foregone conclusion that we should be committed for trial. We all three pleaded not guilty and reserved our defence. Before leaving the Court, however, notwithstanding his lordship's interruption, I protested against the revival118 of an old law which had fallen into desuetude119, which had not been enforced in the City of London for over fifty years, and which was altogether alien to the spirit of the age. My remarks were greeted with loud applause by the public in Court. Of course his lordship frowned, and the ushers120 shouted "Silence!" But the mischief121 was done. It was obvious that we had many friends, that we were not going to be tried in a hole-and-corner fashion.
Our case excited much interest in London. Most of the newspapers contained a good report of the proceedings122 at the Mansion House; and even the Tory Evening News, which affirmed that we were three vulgar blasphemers undeserving of notice, had as the leading line on its placard "Prosecution of the Freethinker: Result!"
The Freethinker for February 11 contained an article from my pen on the "Infidel Hunt," and a very admirable article by Mr. Wheeler on "The Fight of Forty Years Ago," narrating123 the trials of Southwell, Holyoake, Paterson, and other brave heretics. Mr. Ramsey did not then quite approve my attitude of defiance124, although he has changed his mind since. He thought it more prudent125 to bend a little before the storm, instead of daring its utmost violence. He was also anxious to please those with whom he had worked before his partial alliance with me, and who were not prepared to sanction his continued connexion with the Freethinker if he wished to remain with them. For these reasons he retired126 from our partnership127, and I was at once registered as the sole proprietor128 of the paper. This step naturally added to the danger of my situation, and it was freely used against me at the trial. But I had no alternative, unless the Freethinker was to go down, and that I had resolved to prevent at any cost. At the same time I engaged to take over Mr. Ramsey's business at Stonecutter Street, and to recoup him for his heavy investment; and I am bound to admit that he behaved generously in all these arrangements. On February 11 the following editorial notice appeared in my paper:
"With this number of the Freethinker I assume a new position.
The full responsibility for everything in connexion with the
paper henceforth rests with me. I am editor, proprietor,
publication issued from 28 Stonecutter Street, and all the
business done there will be transacted130 through me or my
simplifies matters. Those who attack the Freethinker
after this week will have to attack me singly. I never meant
to give in, and never will so long as my strength serves for
the fight. Whoever else yields, I will submit to nothing but
physical compulsion. If the Freethinker should ever cease
to appear, the Freethought party will know that the fault
is not mine. Certain parts of the mechanical process of
production are dependent on the firmness of others. One
man cannot do everything. But I pledge myself to keep
this Freethought flag flying at every hazard, and if I am
temporarily disabled I pledge myself to unfurl it again,
and if need be again, and again. De l'audace, et encore
de l'audace, et toujours de l'audace."
Mr. Wheeler stood loyally by me in this emergency. His efforts for our common object were untiring, and never was his pen wielded132 more brilliantly. Perhaps, indeed he overstrained his energies, and thus led to the complete breakdown133 of his health soon after my imprisonment.
A few days later Sir Thomas Nelson, the City Solicitor, served a summons on Mr. H. C. Cattell of 84 Fleet Street, who had so annoyed the bigots by exposing the Christmas Number of the Freethinker in his window. Detectives also visited other newsagents and threatened them with prosecution if they persisted in selling my paper. It was evident that the City authorities were bent134 on utterly135 suppressing it. They tried their utmost and they failed.
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1
prosecution
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| n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营 | |
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initiated
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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vicissitudes
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| n.变迁，世事变化；变迁兴衰( vicissitude的名词复数 )；盛衰兴废 | |
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advertising
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| n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的 | |
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blasphemy
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| n.亵渎，渎神 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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outrageous
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| adj.无理的，令人不能容忍的 | |
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prosecuted
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| a.被起诉的 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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courageous
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| adj.勇敢的，有胆量的 | |
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intimidated
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| v.恐吓；威胁adj.害怕的；受到威胁的 | |
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imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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ignominious
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| adj.可鄙的，不光彩的，耻辱的 | |
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gaol
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| n.(jail)监狱；(不加冠词)监禁；vt.使…坐牢 | |
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repent
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| v.悔悟，悔改，忏悔，后悔 | |
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profusely
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| ad.abundantly | |
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illustrated
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| adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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bigoted
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dissemination
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| 传播,宣传,传染(病毒) | |
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pecuniary
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alluded
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nefarious
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indictment
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interval
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vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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mawkish
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| adj.多愁善感的的；无味的 | |
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eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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felon
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plank
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| n.板条，木板，政策要点，政纲条目 | |
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monotonous
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indignities
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hatred
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iniquities
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| n.邪恶( iniquity的名词复数 )；极不公正 | |
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impartiality
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| n. 公平, 无私, 不偏 | |
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impartial
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| adj.(in,to)公正的，无偏见的 | |
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alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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vindictive
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| adj.有报仇心的，怀恨的，惩罚的 | |
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narrated
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undoubtedly
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slumbering
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audacity
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| n.大胆，卤莽，无礼 | |
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reprobation
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| n.斥责 | |
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murmurs
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superstitious
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metaphor
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superstition
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| n.迷信，迷信行为 | |
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avowed
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plied
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| v.使用（工具）( ply的过去式和过去分词 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意 | |
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witty
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| adj.机智的，风趣的 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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atheist
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| n.无神论者 | |
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mere
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delusion
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| n.谬见，欺骗，幻觉，迷惑 | |
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ridicule
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devout
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| adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness) | |
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61
ridiculed
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| v.嘲笑，嘲弄，奚落( ridicule的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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62
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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63
monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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64
satire
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| n.讽刺，讽刺文学，讽刺作品 | |
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65
valid
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| adj.有确实根据的；有效的；正当的，合法的 | |
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66
potent
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| adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的 | |
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67
cumber
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| v.拖累，妨碍；n.妨害；拖累 | |
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68
fictitious
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| adj.虚构的，假设的；空头的 | |
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69
logic
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| n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性 | |
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70
deflected
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| 偏离的 | |
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71
eddies
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| （水、烟等的）漩涡，涡流( eddy的名词复数 ) | |
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72
spurts
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| 短暂而突然的活动或努力( spurt的名词复数 )； 突然奋起 | |
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73
dexterous
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| adj.灵敏的；灵巧的 | |
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74
skilful
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| (=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的 | |
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75
nil
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| n.无，全无，零 | |
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enraged
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| 使暴怒( enrage的过去式和过去分词 )； 歜； 激愤 | |
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irate
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| adj.发怒的，生气 | |
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78
obnoxious
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| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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79
pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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80
minatory
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| adj.威胁的；恫吓的 | |
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81
futile
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| adj.无效的，无用的，无希望的 | |
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82
bribery
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| n.贿络行为，行贿，受贿 | |
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83
persecuted
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| （尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人 | |
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84
heresy
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| n.异端邪说；异教 | |
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85
effigy
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| n.肖像 | |
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86
harp
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| n.竖琴；天琴座 | |
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87
alley
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| n.小巷，胡同；小径，小路 | |
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88
divers
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| adj.不同的；种种的 | |
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89
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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90
blasphemous
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| adj.亵渎神明的，不敬神的 | |
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mansion
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| n.大厦，大楼；宅第 | |
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knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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outrages
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| 引起…的义愤，激怒( outrage的第三人称单数 ) | |
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callous
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| adj.无情的，冷淡的，硬结的，起老茧的 | |
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scintilla
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| n.极少，微粒 | |
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solicitor
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| n.初级律师，事务律师 | |
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devour
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| v.吞没；贪婪地注视或谛听，贪读；使着迷 | |
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pretence
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| n.假装，作假；借口，口实；虚伪；虚饰 | |
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disciples
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| n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一 | |
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101
myriad
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| adj.无数的；n.无数，极大数量 | |
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102
ineffably
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| adv.难以言喻地，因神圣而不容称呼地 | |
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103
tottering
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| adj.蹒跚的，动摇的v.走得或动得不稳( totter的现在分词 )；踉跄；蹒跚；摇摇欲坠 | |
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104
omnipotence
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| n.全能，万能，无限威力 | |
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105
presumption
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| n.推测，可能性，冒昧，放肆，[法律]推定 | |
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106
deity
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| n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物) | |
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107
omniscience
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| n.全知，全知者，上帝 | |
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108
presumptuous
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| adj.胆大妄为的，放肆的，冒昧的，冒失的 | |
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109
pretensions
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| 自称( pretension的名词复数 )； 自命不凡； 要求； 权力 | |
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110
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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111
lavishly
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| adv.慷慨地，大方地 | |
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112
expending
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| v.花费( expend的现在分词 )；使用（钱等）做某事；用光；耗尽 | |
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113
justify
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| vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护 | |
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114
turpitude
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| n.可耻；邪恶 | |
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115
plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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116
thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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117
purely
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| adv.纯粹地，完全地 | |
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118
revival
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| n.复兴，复苏，（精力、活力等的）重振 | |
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119
desuetude
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| n.废止，不用 | |
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120
ushers
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| n.引座员( usher的名词复数 )；招待员；门房；助理教员v.引，领，陪同( usher的第三人称单数 ) | |
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121
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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122
proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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123
narrating
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| v.故事( narrate的现在分词 ) | |
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124
defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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125
prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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126
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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127
partnership
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| n.合作关系，伙伴关系 | |
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128
proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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129
imprint
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| n.印痕，痕迹；深刻的印象；vt.压印，牢记 | |
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130
transacted
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| v.办理（业务等）( transact的过去式和过去分词 )；交易，谈判 | |
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131
perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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132
wielded
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| 手持着使用（武器、工具等）( wield的过去式和过去分词 )； 具有； 运用（权力）； 施加（影响） | |
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133
breakdown
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| n.垮，衰竭；损坏，故障，倒塌 | |
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134
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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135
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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