Photo. by Maull & Fox. Copyright.
ARTHUR ORTON
The baronetcy of Tichborne, now Doughty15-Tichborne, is one of the oldest. It has been claimed that the family held possession of the Manor16 of Tichborne for two hundred years before the Conquest. Be this as it may—and, in the light of J. H. Round’s revelations, some scepticism as to these pre-Norman pedigrees is permissible—their ancestors may be traced back to one Walter de Tichborne who held the manor, from which he took his name, as early as 1135. Their names too, are interwoven with the history of the country. Sir Benjamin, the first baronet—for the earlier de Tichbornes were knights,—as Sheriff of Southhampton, on the death of Queen Elizabeth, repaired203 instantly to Winchester and on his own initiative proclaimed the accession of James VI of Scotland as King of England, for which service he was made a baronet, and his four sons received the honour of knighthood. His successor, Sir Richard, was a zealous17 supporter of the Royal cause during the civil wars. Sir Henry, the third baronet, hazarded his life in the defence of Charles I and had his estates sequestered18 by the Parliamentarians though he was recompensed at the Restoration.
Believers in occultism might see in the trials and tribulations19 brought down upon the unfortunate heads of the Tichborne family by the machinations of the Claimant, the realisation of the doom20 pronounced by a certain Dame21 Ticheborne away back in the days of Henry II.
Sir Roger de Ticheborne of those days married Mabell, the daughter and heiress of Ralph de Lamerston, of Lamerston, in the Isle22 of Wight, by whom he acquired that estate. This good wife played the part of lady bountiful of the neighbourhood. After a life spent in acts of charity and goodness, as her end drew nigh and she lay on her death bed, her thoughts went out to her beloved poor. She begged her husband, that in order to have her memory kept green the countryside round, he would grant a bequest23 sufficient to ensure, once a year, a dole24 of bread to all comers to the gates of Tichborne. To gratify her whim25 Sir Roger promised204 her as much land as she could encompass26 while a brand plucked from the fire should continue to burn. As the poor lady had been bedridden for years her husband may have had no idea that she could, even if she would, take his promise seriously. However, the venerable dame, after being carried out upon the ground, seemed to regain27 her strength in a miraculous28 fashion, and, to the surprise of all, managed to crawl round several rich and goodly acres which to this day are known as “the Crawls.”
Carried to her bed again after making this last supreme30 effort and summoning her family to her bedside, Lady Ticheborne predicted with her dying breath, that, as long as this annual dole was continued, so long should the house of Tichborne prosper31; but, should it be neglected, their fortunes would fail and the family name become extinct from want of male issue. As a sure sign by which these disasters might be looked for, she foretold32 that a generation of seven sons would be immediately followed by one of seven daughters.
The benevolent33 custom thus established was faithfully observed for centuries. On every Lady Day crowds of humble34 folk came from near and far to partake of the famous dole which consisted of hundreds of small loaves. But ultimately the occasion degenerated35 into a noisy merry-making, a sort of fair, until it was finally discontinued in 1796, owing to the complaints of the magistrates36 and local gentry37 that the practice encouraged vagabonds,205 gipsies and idlers of all sorts to swarm38 into the neighbourhood under pretence39 of receiving the dole.
Strangely enough Sir Henry Tichborne, the baronet of that day (the original name of de Ticheborne had by this time been reduced to Tichborne), had seven sons, while his eldest40 son who succeeded him in 1821, had seven daughters. The extinction41 of the family name, too, came to pass, for in the absence of male issue, Sir Henry, the eighth baronet, was succeeded by his brother, who had taken the surname of Doughty on coming into the estates bequeathed to him on these terms, by a distant relative, Miss Doughty; though, in after years, his brother, who in turn succeeded him, obtained the royal licence to couple the old family name with that of Doughty. Following this repeated lapse42 of direct male heirs came other troubles; but it is to be hoped that the successful defeat of the fraudulent claim of Arthur Orton set a period to the doom pronounced long years ago by the Lady Mabell.
Most families, great and small, have their secret troubles and unpleasantness, and the Tichbornes seem to have had their share of them. To this may be traced the actual, if remote, cause of the Claimant’s imposture43. James Tichborne, afterwards the tenth baronet, the father of the missing Roger, who was drowned in the mysterious loss of the Bella, off the coast of South America, in the spring of 1854, lived abroad for many years; but, while his wife was French in every sentiment, he himself from206 time to time exhibited a keen desire to return to his native land. When Roger was born there was small likelihood of his ever succeeding to either title or estates, and so his education was almost entirely44 a foreign one.
Sir Henry Tichborne, who had succeeded in 1821, though blessed with seven beautiful daughters, had no son. Still there was their uncle Edward, who had taken the name of Doughty, and he, after Sir Henry, was the next heir. Edward, too, had a son and daughter. But, one day, news came to James and his wife, in France, that their little nephew was dead; and with the possibilities which this change opened up, it brought home to the father the error he had committed in permitting Roger to grow up ignorant of the English tongue and habits. It was manifest that Mr. James F. Tichborne was not unlikely to become the next baronet, and he felt it his bounden duty to make good his previous neglect, by providing his son with an English education, such as would fit him for his probable position as head of the house of Tichborne. In this praiseworthy intention he met with strong opposition45 from his wife whose great aim it was to see her son grow up a Frenchman. To her, France was the only land worth living in. She cared nought46 for family traditions; her dream was that her darling boy should marry into some distinguished47 family in France or Italy. If he was to enter the army, then it should be in some foreign207 service. But to England he should not go if she could prevent it.
James Tichborne, like many weak men with self-willed wives, put off the inevitable48 day as long as he could; and in the end only achieved his purpose by strategy. Roger was sixteen years of age when news arrived of the death of Sir Henry. Naturally James arranged to be present at his brother’s funeral and it was only reasonable that he should be accompanied by his son Roger, whom everyone now regarded as the heir. Accordingly the boy took leave of his mother, but under the solemn injunction to return quickly. However, his father had determined49 otherwise. After attending the funeral of his uncle, at the old chapel50 at Tichborne, Roger was, by the advice of relatives and friends, and with the consent of the boy himself, taken down to the Jesuit College at Stonyhurst. When Mrs. Tichborne learned of this step, her fury knew no bounds. She upbraided51 her husband violently; and there was a renewal52 of the old scenes in the Tichborne establishment. Roger wrote his mother filial, if ill-spelt, letters in French; but, for a year, the son, though ardently53 looking for a letter, got no token of affection from the incensed54 and indignant lady.
During his three years’ stay at Stonyhurst, Roger seems to have applied55 himself diligently56 to the study of English; but, though he made fair progress, he was never able to speak it with as much208 purity and command of words as when conversing58 in French. In Latin, mathematics, and chemistry, too, he contrived59 to make fair headway; while his letters evidenced an inclination60 for the study of polite literature. If not highly accomplished61, he was of a refined and sensitive nature. During this period he made many friends, spending his vacation with his English relatives in turn. His great delight was to stay at Tichborne, then in possession of his father’s brother, Sir Edward Doughty. Withal, the shy, pale-faced boy steadily62 gained in favour, for he had a nature which disarmed63 ill-feeling. As time wore on it became necessary to determine on some profession for the lad; and needless to say his father’s choice of the army added fuel to the fire of his wife’s anger. After some delay a commission was obtained and Mr. Roger Charles Tichborne was gazetted a coronet in the Sixth Dragoons, better known as the Carbineers.
Defeated in her purpose of making a Frenchman of her boy, Roger’s mother yet continued to harp64 upon her old desire to marry him to one of the Italian princesses of whom he had heard so much. But Roger had other ideas, for he had fallen passionately65 in love with his cousin—Miss Katharine Doughty afterwards Lady Radcliffe. However, the course of love was not to run smooth. The Tichbornes had always been Roman Catholic, and the marriage of first cousins was discountenanced by that church. Consequently when some little209 token incidentally revealed to the father the secret and yet unspoken love of the young people, their dream was rudely shattered.
That the girl warmly reciprocated67 her cousin’s affection was beyond question, and Lady Doughty was certainly sympathetic though she took exception to certain of her nephew’s habits. He was an inveterate68 smoker69 besides drinking too freely. These and other little failings seem to have aroused some fear in her anxious mother’s heart, though she quite recognised the boy’s kind disposition70, and the fact that he was truthful71, honourable72 and scrupulous5 in points of duty. Still she would not oppose the wishes of the young lovers—except to the extent of pleading and encouraging Roger to master his weaknesses. It was Christmas time in 1851 when the dénoument came and the eyes of Sir Edward were opened to what was going on. He was both vexed73 and angry, and was resolved that the engagement should be broken off before it grew more serious. One last interview was permitted to the cousins and, this over, the young man was to leave the house forever. The great hope of his life extinguished, there was nothing left for Roger but to rejoin his regiment74, then expecting orders for India, and to endeavour to forget the past. Still even in those dark days neither Roger nor Kate quite gave up hope of some change. Lady Doughty, despite her dread75 of her nephew’s habits, had a warm regard for him, and could be relied210 upon to plead his cause; and in a short time circumstances unexpectedly favoured him. Sir Edward was ill and, fearing that death was approaching, he sent for his nephew and revived the subject. He explained that if it were not for the close relationship he should have no objection to the marriage and begged Roger to wait for three years. If then the affection, one for the other, remained unaltered, and providing that Roger obtained his own father’s consent and that of the Church, he would accept things as the will of God and agree to the union. As might be expected, Roger gratefully promised loyally to observe the sick man’s wishes.
However, Sir Edward, instead of dying, slowly mended, and Roger returned to his regiment. Occasionally he would spend his leave with his aunt and uncle, when the young people loved to walk together in the beautiful gardens of Tichborne exchanging sweet confidences and weaving plans for the future. On what proved to be his last visit to his ancestral home, in the midsummer of 1852, Roger, to comfort his cousin, confided76 a secret to her—a copy of a vow77, which he had written out and signed, solemnly pledging himself, in the event of their being married before three years had passed, to build a church or chapel at Tichborne as a thanks offering to the Holy Virgin78 for the protection shown by her in praying God that their wishes might be fulfilled.
His leave up, Roger went back to his regiment211 more than ever a prey79 to his habitual80 melancholy81. To his great regret the orders for the Carbineers to go to India were countermanded82. He accordingly determined to throw up his commission and travel abroad until his period of probation83 had passed. South America had long been the subject of his dreams, and so thither84 he would make his way; and in travelling through that vast continent he hoped to find occupation for his mind and so get through the trying period of waiting. His plan was to spend a year in Chili85, Guayaquil and Peru, and thence to visit Mexico, and so, by way of the United States, to return home. Having come to this resolution he lost no time in putting it into execution. Being of business-like habits he made his will, in which he purposely omitted any mention of the “church or chapel.” This secret had already been committed to paper, and with other precious souvenirs of his love for his cousin, had been confided to his most trusted friend—Mr. Gosford, the steward86 of the family estate. After paying a round of farewell visits to his parents and old friends in Paris, Roger finally set sail from Havre, on March 21, 1853, in a French vessel87 named La Pauline, for Valparaiso, at which port she arrived on the 19th of the following June, when Roger set out on his wanderings. During his travels Roger continued to write home regularly; but the first news he received was bad. Sir Edward Doughty had died almost before the Pauline had lost sight212 of the English shores; and Roger’s father and mother were now Sir James and Lady Tichborne.
Presently the wanderer began to retrace88 his steps, making his way to Rio de Janeiro. Here, he found a vessel called the Bella hailing from Liverpool, about to sail for Kingston, Jamaica, and as he had directed his letters and remittances89 to be forwarded there, he prevailed upon the captain to give him a passage. On the 20th of April, 1854, the Bella passed from the port of Rio into the ocean. From that day no one ever set eyes upon her. Six days after she left harbour, a ship traversing her path found, amongst other ominous90 tokens of a wreck91, a capsized long-boat bearing the name “Bella, Liverpool.”
These were taken into Rio and forthwith the authorities caused the neighbouring seas to be scoured93 in quest of survivors94; but none were ever found. That the Bella had foundered95 there was little room to doubt. It was supposed that she had been caught in a sudden squall, that her cargo96 had shifted, and that, unable to right herself, the vessel had gone down in deep water, giving but little warning to those on board. In a few months the sad news reached Tichborne, where the absence of letters from the previously97 diligent57 correspondent had already raised grave fears. The sorrow-stricken father caused enquiries to be made in America and elsewhere. For a time, there was a faint hope that some one aboard the Bella might213 have been picked up by some passing vessel; but, as months wore on, even these small hopes dwindled98 away. The letters which poor Roger had so anxiously asked might be directed to him at the post office, Kingston, Jamaica, remained there till the ink grew faded; the banker’s bill which lay at the agents’ remained unclaimed. At last the unfortunate vessel was finally written off at Lloyd’s as lost, the insurance money paid, and gradually the Bella faded from the memories of all but those who had lost friends or relatives in her. Lady Tichborne alone, refused to abandon hope.
Her obstinate99 disregard of such conclusive100 evidence of the fate of her unfortunate son preyed101 upon her mind to such an extent as to make her an easy victim for any scheming rascal102 pretending to have news of her lost son; and “sailors,” who told all sorts of wild stories of how some of the survivors of the Bella had been rescued and landed in a foreign port, became constant visitors at Tichborne Park and profited handsomely from the weak-minded lady’s credulity. Sir James, himself, made short work of these tramping “sailors,” but after his death, in 1862, the lady became even more ready to be victimised by their specious103 lies.
Firm in her belief that Roger was still alive, Lady Tichborne now caused advertisements to be inserted in numerous papers; and in November, 1865, she learnt through an agency in Sydney that a man answering the description of her son had been214 found in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales. A long correspondence ensued, the tone and character of which ought to have put her on her guard; but, over-anxious to believe that she had indeed found her long-lost son, any wavering doubts she may have had, were swept from her mind by the evidence of an aged29 negro servant named Boyle, an old pensioner104 of the Tichborne family. Boyle, who lived in New South Wales, professed105 to recognise the Claimant as his dear young master, and he certainly remained one of his most devoted106 adherents107 to the end. Undoubtedly108 this man’s simplicity109 proved a very valuable asset to Orton. His intimate knowledge of the arrangements of Tichborne Park was pumped dry by his new master, who, aided by a most tenacious110 memory, was afterwards able to use the information thus obtained with startling effect.
As to the identity of the Claimant with Arthur Orton there can be absolutely no doubt. As a result of the enquiries made by the trustees of the Tichborne estate nearly the whole of his history was unmasked. He was born, in 1834, at Wapping where his father kept a butcher’s shop. In 1848 he took passage to Valparaiso, whence he made his way up country to Melipilla. Here he stayed some eighteen months receiving much kindness from a family named Castro, and it was their name he went under at Wagga Wagga. In 1851 he returned home and entering his father’s business became an expert slaughterman. The following year he emigrated215 to Australia; but after the spring of 1854 he ceased to correspond with his family. He had evidently led a life of hardship and adventure—probably not unattended with crime, and certainly with poverty. At Wagga Wagga he carried on a small butcher’s business, and it was from here that he got into communication with Lady Tichborne just after his marriage to an illiterate servant girl.
According to his subsequent confession111, until his attention was drawn to the advertisement for the missing Roger, he had never even heard of the name of Tichborne, and it was only his success when, by way of a joke upon a chum, he claimed to be the missing baronet, that led him to pursue the matter in sober earnest. Indeed he seemed at first very reluctant to leave Australia, and probably he was only driven to accede112 to Lady Tichborne’s request, to return “home” at once, by the fact that he had raised large sums of money on his expectations. His original intention was probably to obtain some sort of recognition, and then to return to Australia with whatever money he had succeeded in collecting.
After wasting much time he left Australia and arrived in England, by a very circuitous113 route, on Christmas Day, 1866. His first step on landing, it was subsequently discovered, was to make a mysterious visit to Wapping. His parents were dead, but his enquiries showed a knowledge, both of the Orton family and the locality, which was afterwards216 used against him with very damaging effect. His next proceeding114 was to make a flying and surreptitious excursion to Tichborne House, where, as far as possible, he acquainted himself with the bearings of the place. In this he was greatly assisted by one Rous, a former clerk to the old Tichborne attorney, who was then keeping a public house in the place. From this man, who became his staunch ally, he had no doubt acquired much useful information; and it is significant that he sedulously115 kept clear of Mr. Gosford, the agent to whom the real Roger had confided his sealed packet before leaving England.
Lady Tichborne was living in Paris at this time and it was here, in his hotel bedroom, on a dark January afternoon, that their first interview took place for, curiously116 enough, the gentleman was too ill to leave his bed! The deluded117 woman professed to recognise him at once. As she sat beside his bed, “Roger” keeping his face turned to the wall, the conversation took a wide range, the sick man showing himself strangely astray. He talked to her of his grandfather, whom the real Roger had never seen; he said he had served in the ranks; referred to Stonyhurst as Winchester; spoke66 of his suffering as a lad from St. Vitus’s dance—a complaint which first led to young Arthur Orton being sent on a sea voyage; but did not speak of the rheumatism118 from which Roger had suffered. But it was all one to the infatuated woman—“He confuses everything217 as if in a dream,” she wrote in exculpating119 him; but unsatisfactory as this identification was, she never departed from her belief. She lived under the same roof with him for weeks, accepted his wife and children, and allowed him ￡1,000 a year. It did not weigh with her that the rest of the family unanimously declared him to be an impostor, or that he failed to recognise them or to recall any incident in Roger’s life.
Nearly four years elapsed before the Claimant commenced his suit of ejectment against the trustees of the infant Sir Alfred Tichborne—the posthumous120 son of Roger’s younger brother; but he utilised the time to good purpose. He had taken into his service a couple of old Carbineers who had been Roger’s servants and before long so completely mastered small details of regimental life that some thirty of Roger’s old brother-officers and men were convinced of his identity. He went everywhere, called upon all Roger’s old friends, visited the Carbineers’ mess and generally left no stone unturned to get together evidence in support of his identity. As a result of his strenuous121 activity and plausibility122 he produced at the first trial over one hundred witnesses who, on oath, identified him as Roger Tichborne; and these witnesses included Lady Tichborne, the family solicitor123, magistrates, officers and men from Roger’s old regiment besides various Tichborne tenants124 and friends of the family. On the other hand, there were only seventeen218 witnesses arraigned125 against him; and, in his own opinion, it was his own evidence that lost him the case. He would have won, he said, “if only he could have kept his mouth shut.”
The trial of this action lasted 102 days. Sergeant126 Ballantine led for the Claimant; and Sir John Coleridge (afterwards Lord Chief-justice), and Mr. Hawkins, Q. C. (afterwards Lord Brampton), for the trustees of the estates of Tichborne. The cross-examination of the Claimant at the hands of Sir John Coleridge lasted twenty-two days, during which the colossal ignorance he displayed was only equalled by his boldness, dexterity127 and the bull-dog tenacity128 with which he faced the ordeal129. To quote Sir John’s own words: “The first sixteen years of his life he has absolutely forgotten; the few facts he had told the jury were already proved, or would hereafter be shown, to be absolutely false and fabricated. Of his college life he could recollect130 nothing. About his amusements, his books, his music, his games, he could tell nothing. Not a word of his family, of the people with whom he lived, their habits, their persons, their very names. He had forgotten his mother’s maiden131 name; he was ignorant of all particulars of the family estate; he remembered nothing of Stonyhurst; and in military matters he was equally deficient132. Roger, born and educated in France, spoke and wrote French like a native and his favourite reading was French literature; but the Claimant knew nothing of219 French. Of the ‘sealed’ packet he knew nothing and, when pressed, his interpretation133 of its contents contained the foulest134 and blackest calumny135 of the cousin whom Roger had so fondly loved. This was proved by Mr. Gosford, to whom the packet had been originally entrusted136, and by the production of the duplicate which Roger had given to Miss Doughty herself. The physical discrepancy137, too, was no less remarkable; for, while Roger, who took after his mother was slight and delicate, with narrow sloping shoulders, a long narrow face and thin straight dark hair, the Claimant was of enormous bulk, scaling over twenty-four stone, big-framed and burly, with a large round face and an abundance of fair and rather wavy138 hair. And yet, curiously enough, the Claimant undoubtedly possessed139 a strong likeness140 to several male members of the Tichborne family.”
When questioned as to the impressive episode of Roger’s love for his cousin, the Claimant showed himself hopelessly at sea. His answers were confused and irreconcilable141. Not only could he give no precise dates, but even the broad outline of the story was beyond him. Yet, for good reasons, the Solicitor-General persisted in pressing him as to the contents of the sealed packet and compelled him to repeat the slanderous142 version of the incident which he had long ago given when interrogated143 on the point. Mrs. Radcliffe (she was not then Lady) sat in court beside her husband, and thus had the220 satisfaction of seeing the infamous144 charges brought against the fair fame of her girlhood recoil145 on the head of the wretch146 who had resorted to such villainous devices. Unfortunately, some years after Roger’s disappearance147, Mr. Gosford, feeling that he was neither justified148 in keeping the precious packet, nor in handing it to any other person, had burnt it; but, fortunately his testimony149 as to its contents was proved in the most complete manner by the production of the duplicate which poor Roger had given to his cousin on his last visit to Tichborne.
Where the case broke down most completely was in the matter of tattoo150 marks. Roger had been freely tattooed151. Among other marks he bore, on his left arm, a cross, an anchor, and a heart which was testified to by the persons who had pricked152 them in. Orton, too, it was found out, had also been tattooed on his left arm with his initials, “A. O.,” and, though neither remained, there was a mark which was sworn to be the obliteration153 of those letters. Small wonder then that, on the top of this damning piece of evidence, the jury declared they required to hear nothing further, upon which the Claimant’s counsel, to avoid the inevitable verdict for their opponents, elected to be nonsuited. But these tactics did not save their client, for he was at once arrested, on the judge’s warrant, on the charge of wilful154 and corrupt155 perjury156, and committed to221 Newgate where he remained until bail157 for ￡10,000 was forthcoming.
A year later, on April 23, 1873, the Claimant was arraigned before a special jury in the Court of Queen’s Bench. The proceedings158 were of a most prolix159 and unusual character. Practically the same ground was covered as in the civil trial, only the process was reversed: the Claimant having now to defend instead of to attack. Many of the better-class witnesses, including the majority of Roger’s brother-officers, now forsook160 the Claimant. There was a deal of cross-swearing. The climax161 of the long trial was the production by the defence of a witness to support the Claimant’s account of his wreck and rescue. This was a man who called himself Jean Luie and claimed to be a Danish seaman162. With a wealth of picturesque163 detail he told how he was one of the crew of the Osprey which had picked up a boat of the shipwrecked Bella, in which was the claimant and some of the crew, and how when the Osprey arrived at Melbourne, in the height of the gold fever, every man of the crew from the captain downwards164 had deserted165 the ship and gone up country. According to his story from that time forth92 he had seen nothing of any of the castaways; but having come to England in search of his wife he had heard of the trial. When Luie was first brought into the presence of the Claimant that astute166 person immediately claimed him with222 the greeting in Spanish “Como esta, Luie?”—“How are you, Luie?” The sailor with equal readiness recognised Orton as the man he had helped to rescue years before. All this sounded very convincing; but it would not stand investigation167. From the beginning to end the thing was an invention; an examination of shipping168 records failed to find the Osprey so that she must have escaped the notice of the authorities in every port she had entered from the day she was launched! Of “Sailor” Luie, however, a very complete record was established. Not only were the police able to prove that, at the time he swore he was a seaman on board the Osprey, he was actually employed by a firm at Hull169; that he had never been a seaman at all; but that he was a well-known habitual criminal and convict only recently released on a ticket-of-leave. This made things very awkward for the defence who made every effort to shake free from the taint170 of such perjured171 evidence. Dr. Kenealy, seeing his dilemma172, contended that it had been concocted173 by Luie himself. But the damning and unanswerable fact remained—that, by his recognition of the man, the Claimant had acknowledged a previous acquaintance with him which he could only have had by being privy174 to the fraud.
On February 28, 1874, the one hundred and eighty-eighth day of the trial, the jury after half-an-hour’s deliberation returned their verdict. They found that the defendant175 was not Roger223 Charles Tichborne; that he was Arthur Orton; and finally that the charges made against Miss Catherine Doughty were not supported by the slightest evidence. Orton was sentenced to fourteen years’ penal176 servitude which, assuredly, was none too heavy for offences so enormous. The trial was remarkable, not only for its inordinate177 length, but also for the extraordinary scenes by which it was characterised and for which Dr. Kenealy, leading counsel for the defence, was primarily responsible. His conduct was sternly denounced by the Lord Chief Justice in his summing up as: “the torrent178 of undisguised and unlimited179 abuse in which the learned counsel for the defence has thought fit to indulge,” and he declared that “there never was in the history of jurisprudence a case in which such an amount of imputation180 and invective181 had been used before.” After the trial was over, Dr. Kenealy tried to turn the case into a national question through the medium of a virulent182 paper he started with the title of the Englishman; and undeterred by being disbarred for his flagrant breaches183 of professional etiquette184, he went about the country delivering the most extravagant185 speeches concerning the trial. He was elected Member of Parliament for Stoke, and, on April 23, 1875, moved for a royal commission of inquiry186 into the conduct of the Tichborne Case; but his motion was defeated by 433 votes to 1.
The verdict and sentence created enormous excitement224 throughout the country, for all classes, more or less, had subscribed187 to the defence fund. But, by the time Orton was released, in 1884, practically all interest had died away, and his effort to resuscitate188 it was a miserable189 failure. In the sworn confession which he published in the People, in 1895, he told the whole story of the fraud from its inception190 to its final denouement191. Orton survived his release from prison for fourteen years, but gradually sinking into poverty, he died in obscure lodgings192 in Shouldham Street, Marylebone, on April 1, 1898. To the end he was a fraud and impostor for, before his death, he is said to have recanted his sworn confession, which nevertheless bore the stamp of truth and was in perfect accord with the information obtained by the prosecution193, while his coffin194 bore the lying inscription195: “Sir Roger Charles Doughty Tichborne; born 5th January, 1829; died 1st April, 1898.”
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colossal
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| adj.异常的，庞大的 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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attain
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| vt.达到，获得，完成 | |
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pertinacious
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scrupulous
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bolster
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| n.枕垫；v.支持，鼓励 | |
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fictitious
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predecessors
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| n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 )；前辈；（被取代的）原有事物；前身 | |
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drawn
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illiterate
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persecution
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pilloried
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expend
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| n.劫掠，毁坏( depredation的名词复数 ) | |
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15
doughty
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| adj.勇猛的，坚强的 | |
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16
manor
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| n.庄园，领地 | |
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17
zealous
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| adj.狂热的，热心的 | |
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18
sequestered
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| adj.扣押的；隐退的；幽静的；偏僻的v.使隔绝，使隔离( sequester的过去式和过去分词 )；扣押 | |
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19
tribulations
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| n.苦难( tribulation的名词复数 )；艰难；苦难的缘由；痛苦 | |
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20
doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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21
dame
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| n.女士 | |
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22
isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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23
bequest
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| n.遗赠；遗产，遗物 | |
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24
dole
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| n.救济，（失业）救济金；vt.（out）发放，发给 | |
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25
whim
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| n.一时的兴致，突然的念头；奇想，幻想 | |
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26
encompass
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| vt.围绕，包围；包含，包括；完成 | |
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27
regain
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| vt.重新获得，收复，恢复 | |
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28
miraculous
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| adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的 | |
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29
aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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30
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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31
prosper
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| v.成功，兴隆，昌盛；使成功，使昌隆，繁荣 | |
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32
foretold
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| v.预言，预示( foretell的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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33
benevolent
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| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
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34
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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35
degenerated
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| 衰退，堕落，退化( degenerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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36
magistrates
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| 地方法官，治安官( magistrate的名词复数 ) | |
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37
gentry
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| n.绅士阶级，上层阶级 | |
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38
swarm
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| n.(昆虫)等一大群；vi.成群飞舞；蜂拥而入 | |
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39
pretence
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| n.假装，作假；借口，口实；虚伪；虚饰 | |
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40
eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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41
extinction
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| n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种 | |
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42
lapse
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|
| n.过失，流逝，失效，抛弃信仰，间隔；vi.堕落，停止，失效，流逝；vt.使失效 | |
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43
imposture
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|
| n.冒名顶替，欺骗 | |
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44
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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45
opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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46
nought
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|
| n.／adj.无，零 | |
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47
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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48
inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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49
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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50
chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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51
upbraided
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| v.责备，申斥，谴责( upbraid的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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52
renewal
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| adj.(契约)延期，续订，更新，复活，重来 | |
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53
ardently
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| adv.热心地，热烈地 | |
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54
incensed
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| 盛怒的 | |
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55
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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56
diligently
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| ad.industriously;carefully | |
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57
diligent
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| adj.勤勉的，勤奋的 | |
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58
conversing
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| v.交谈，谈话( converse的现在分词 ) | |
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59
contrived
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| adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的 | |
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60
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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61
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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62
steadily
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| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
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63
disarmed
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| v.裁军( disarm的过去式和过去分词 )；使息怒 | |
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64
harp
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| n.竖琴；天琴座 | |
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65
passionately
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| ad.热烈地，激烈地 | |
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66
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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67
reciprocated
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|
| v.报答，酬答( reciprocate的过去式和过去分词 )；（机器的部件）直线往复运动 | |
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68
inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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69
smoker
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| n.吸烟者，吸烟车厢，吸烟室 | |
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70
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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71
truthful
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| adj.真实的，说实话的，诚实的 | |
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72
honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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73
vexed
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|
| adj.争论不休的；（指问题等）棘手的；争论不休的问题；烦恼的v.使烦恼( vex的过去式和过去分词 )；使苦恼；使生气；详细讨论 | |
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74
regiment
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|
| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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75
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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76
confided
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|
| v.吐露（秘密，心事等）( confide的过去式和过去分词 )；（向某人）吐露（隐私、秘密等） | |
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77
vow
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| n.誓(言)，誓约；v.起誓，立誓 | |
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78
virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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79
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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80
habitual
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|
| adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的 | |
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81
melancholy
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|
| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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82
countermanded
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| v.取消（命令），撤回( countermand的过去分词 ) | |
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83
probation
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| n.缓刑(期)，(以观后效的)察看；试用(期) | |
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84
thither
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|
| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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85
chili
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| n.辣椒 | |
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86
steward
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| n.乘务员，服务员；看管人；膳食管理员 | |
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87
vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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88
retrace
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| v.折回；追溯，探源 | |
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89
remittances
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| n.汇寄( remittance的名词复数 )；汇款，汇款额 | |
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90
ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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91
wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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92
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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93
scoured
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| 走遍（某地）搜寻（人或物）( scour的过去式和过去分词 )； （用力）刷； 擦净； 擦亮 | |
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94
survivors
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| 幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 ) | |
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95
foundered
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| v.创始人( founder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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96
cargo
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| n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物 | |
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97
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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98
dwindled
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| v.逐渐变少或变小( dwindle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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99
obstinate
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| adj.顽固的，倔强的，不易屈服的，较难治愈的 | |
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100
conclusive
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|
| adj.最后的，结论的；确凿的，消除怀疑的 | |
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101
preyed
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|
| v.掠食( prey的过去式和过去分词 )；掠食；折磨；（人）靠欺诈为生 | |
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102
rascal
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| n.流氓；不诚实的人 | |
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103
specious
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|
| adj.似是而非的；adv.似是而非地 | |
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104
pensioner
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| n.领养老金的人 | |
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105
professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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106
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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107
adherents
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| n.支持者，拥护者( adherent的名词复数 )；党羽；徒子徒孙 | |
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108
undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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109
simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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110
tenacious
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| adj.顽强的，固执的，记忆力强的，粘的 | |
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111
confession
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| n.自白，供认，承认 | |
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112
accede
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| v.应允，同意 | |
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113
circuitous
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| adj.迂回的路的，迂曲的，绕行的 | |
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114
proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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115
sedulously
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| ad.孜孜不倦地 | |
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116
curiously
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| adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地 | |
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117
deluded
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| v.欺骗，哄骗( delude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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118
rheumatism
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| n.风湿病 | |
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119
exculpating
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| v.开脱，使无罪( exculpate的现在分词 ) | |
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120
posthumous
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| adj.遗腹的；父亡后出生的；死后的，身后的 | |
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121
strenuous
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| adj.奋发的，使劲的；紧张的；热烈的，狂热的 | |
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122
plausibility
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| n. 似有道理, 能言善辩 | |
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123
solicitor
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| n.初级律师，事务律师 | |
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124
tenants
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| n.房客( tenant的名词复数 )；佃户；占用者；占有者 | |
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125
arraigned
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| v.告发( arraign的过去式和过去分词 )；控告；传讯；指责 | |
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126
sergeant
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| n.警官，中士 | |
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127
dexterity
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| n.(手的)灵巧，灵活 | |
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128
tenacity
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| n.坚韧 | |
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129
ordeal
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| n.苦难经历，（尤指对品格、耐力的）严峻考验 | |
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130
recollect
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| v.回忆，想起，记起，忆起，记得 | |
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131
maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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132
deficient
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| adj.不足的，不充份的，有缺陷的 | |
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133
interpretation
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| n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理 | |
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134
foulest
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| adj.恶劣的( foul的最高级 )；邪恶的；难闻的；下流的 | |
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135
calumny
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| n.诽谤，污蔑，中伤 | |
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136
entrusted
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| v.委托，托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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137
discrepancy
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| n.不同；不符；差异；矛盾 | |
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138
wavy
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| adj.有波浪的，多浪的，波浪状的，波动的，不稳定的 | |
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139
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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140
likeness
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| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
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141
irreconcilable
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| adj.（指人）难和解的，势不两立的 | |
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142
slanderous
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| adj.诽谤的，中伤的 | |
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143
interrogated
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| v.询问( interrogate的过去式和过去分词 )；审问；（在计算机或其他机器上）查询 | |
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144
infamous
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| adj.声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的，邪恶的 | |
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145
recoil
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| vi.退却，退缩，畏缩 | |
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146
wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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147
disappearance
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| n.消失，消散，失踪 | |
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148
justified
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| a.正当的，有理的 | |
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149
testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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150
tattoo
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| n.纹身，(皮肤上的)刺花纹；vt.刺花纹于 | |
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151
tattooed
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| v.刺青，文身( tattoo的过去式和过去分词 )；连续有节奏地敲击；作连续有节奏的敲击 | |
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152
pricked
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| 刺，扎，戳( prick的过去式和过去分词 )； 刺伤； 刺痛； 使剧痛 | |
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153
obliteration
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| n.涂去，删除；管腔闭合 | |
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154
wilful
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| adj.任性的，故意的 | |
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155
corrupt
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| v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的 | |
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156
perjury
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| n.伪证；伪证罪 | |
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157
bail
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| v.舀（水），保释；n.保证金，保释，保释人 | |
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158
proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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159
prolix
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| adj.罗嗦的；冗长的 | |
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160
forsook
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| forsake的过去式 | |
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161
climax
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| n.顶点；高潮；v.(使)达到顶点 | |
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162
seaman
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| n.海员，水手，水兵 | |
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163
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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164
downwards
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| adj./adv.向下的（地），下行的（地） | |
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165
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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166
astute
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| adj.机敏的，精明的 | |
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167
investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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168
shipping
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| n.船运（发货，运输，乘船） | |
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169
hull
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| n.船身；(果、实等的)外壳；vt.去(谷物等)壳 | |
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170
taint
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| n.污点；感染；腐坏；v.使感染；污染 | |
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171
perjured
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| adj.伪证的，犯伪证罪的v.发假誓，作伪证( perjure的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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172
dilemma
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| n.困境，进退两难的局面 | |
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173
concocted
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| v.将（尤指通常不相配合的）成分混合成某物( concoct的过去式和过去分词 )；调制；编造；捏造 | |
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174
privy
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| adj.私用的；隐密的 | |
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175
defendant
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| n.被告；adj.处于被告地位的 | |
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176
penal
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| adj.刑罚的；刑法上的 | |
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177
inordinate
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| adj.无节制的；过度的 | |
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178
torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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179
unlimited
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| adj.无限的，不受控制的，无条件的 | |
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180
imputation
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| n.归罪，责难 | |
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181
invective
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| n.痛骂，恶意抨击 | |
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182
virulent
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| adj.有毒的，有恶意的，充满敌意的 | |
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183
breaches
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| 破坏( breach的名词复数 )； 破裂； 缺口； 违背 | |
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184
etiquette
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| n.礼仪，礼节；规矩 | |
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185
extravagant
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| adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的 | |
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186
inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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187
subscribed
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| v.捐助( subscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；签署，题词；订阅；同意 | |
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188
resuscitate
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| v.使复活，使苏醒 | |
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189
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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190
inception
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| n.开端，开始，取得学位 | |
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191
denouement
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| n.结尾，结局 | |
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192
lodgings
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| n. 出租的房舍, 寄宿舍 | |
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193
prosecution
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| n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营 | |
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194
coffin
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| n.棺材，灵柩 | |
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195
inscription
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| n.（尤指石块上的）刻印文字，铭文，碑文 | |
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