'Fellow soldiers, it is now five days since I was made a Caesar. I knew nothing of the future nor whether the name was more to be desired or feared. It now lies with you to decide whether or no my adoption7 is to prove a calamity8 for my house and for my country. In saying this, I do not dread9 disaster on my own account. I have known misfortune, and I am now discovering to the full that prosperity is just as dangerous. But for the sake of my adoptive father, of the senate, and of the whole empire, I deplore10 the thought that we may have to-day either to die or—what for good men is as wretched—to kill. In the recent revolution our comfort was that Rome was spared the sight of blood, and the transfer was effected 46without disturbance11. We thought that my adoption would be a safeguard against an outbreak of civil war even after Galba's death.
30'I will make no claims to rank or respectability. To compare myself with Otho, I need not recite my virtues12. His vices14 are all he has to be proud of. They ruined the empire, even when he was only playing the part of an emperor's friend. Why should he deserve to be emperor? For his swaggering demeanour? For his effeminate costume? Extravagance imposes on some people. They take it for liberality. They are wrong. He will know how to squander15 money, but not how to give it away. His mind is full of lechery16 and debauchery and intrigues17 with women. These are in his eyes the prerogatives18 of the throne. And the pleasure of his vices would be all his, the blushes of shame would be ours. No man has ever ruled well who won the throne by bad means.
'The whole Roman world agreed to give Galba the title of Caesar. Galba with your approval gave that title to me. Even if the "country", the "senate", the "people", are empty terms, it is to your interest, my fellow soldiers, to see that it is not the rascals19 who create an emperor. From time to time one hears of the legionaries being in mutiny against their generals. But your good faith and your good name have stood to this day unimpaired. It was not you who deserted20 Nero: he deserted you. Are you going to allow less than thirty deserters and renegades to bestow21 the crown? Why! no one would tolerate their choosing 47so much as a centurion22 or a tribune for themselves. Are you going to allow this precedent23, and by your acquiescence24 make their crime your own? You will soon see this lawless spirit spreading to the troops abroad, and in time the treason will recoil25 on us and the war on you. Besides, innocence26 wins you as much as the murder of your emperor: you will get from us as large a bounty27 for your loyalty28 as you would from others for your crime.'
31The members of the Body Guard dispersed29. The rest of the cohort paid some heed30 to his speech. Aimlessly, as happens in moments of confusion, they seized their standards, without as yet any fixed31 plan, and not, as was afterwards believed, to cloak their treachery. Marius Celsus had been dispatched to the picked detachments of the Illyrian army, which were quartered in the Vipsanian arcade,56 while instructions had been given to two senior centurions32,57 Amullius Serenus and Domitius Sabinus, to summon the German troops from the Hall of Liberty. They distrusted the legion of marines, who had been alienated33 by Galba's 48butchery of their comrades on his entry into Rome.58 Three officers of the guards, Cetrius Severus, Subrius Dexter, and Pompeius Longinus, also hurried to the camp in the hope that the mutiny was still in its early stages and might be averted34 by good advice before it came to a head. The soldiers attacked Subrius and Cetrius with threats and forcibly seizing Longinus disarmed35 him, because he had not come in virtue13 of his military rank, but simply as one of Galba's private friends; and for his loyalty to his master the rebels disliked him all the more. The marines without any hesitation36 joined the guards. The Illyrian draft59 drove Celsus away at the point of their javelins37. The German detachments59 wavered for some time. They were still in poor condition physically38, and inclined to be passive. Nero had dispatched them as an advance-guard to Alexandria;60 the long voyage back again had damaged their health, and Galba had spared no expense in looking after them.
32The whole populace of Rome was now crowding into the palace together with a good sprinkling of slaves. With discordant39 shouts they demanded the death of Otho and the doom40 of the conspirators41. They might have been in the circus or the theatre, clamouring for entertainment. There was neither sense nor sincerity42 in their behaviour. They were quite ready on the same day to clamour for the opposite with equal zeal43. 49But it is an established custom to flatter any emperor with unbridled cheering and meaningless enthusiasm. Meanwhile Galba was torn between two opinions. Titus Vinius maintained that they ought to remain within the palace, employ the slaves to offer resistance and block up all the doors, instead of going out to face the angry troops. 'This will give time,' he urged, 'for the disloyal to repent44 and the loyal to unite their forces. Crimes demand haste, good counsels profit by delay. Besides, if need be, we shall have the same chance of leaving the palace later: if we leave and repent of it, it will not be in our power to return.'
33All the others voted for immediate3 action before the conspiracy45 gathered strength and numbers. 'Otho,' they argued, 'will soon lose heart. He crept away by stealth and was introduced in a litter to a parcel of strangers, and now because we dally46 and waste time he has leisure to rehearse his part of emperor. What is the good of waiting until Otho sets his camp in order and approaches the Capitol, while Galba peeps out of a window? Are this famous general and his gallant47 friends to shut the doors and not to stir a foot over the threshold, as if they were anxious to endure a siege? Much help may we hope from slaves, when once the unwieldy crowd loses its unity48 and their first indignation, which counts for so much, begins to cool. No, cowardice49 is too risky50. Or if we must fall, let us meet the danger half-way, and cover Otho with disgrace, ourselves with honour.'
50When Vinius resisted this proposal, Laco, prompted by Icelus, assailed51 him with threats, persisting in his private quarrel to the ruin of his country. 34Galba without further delay supported those whose plan would look best. However, Piso was first dispatched to the camp. The young man had a great name, his popularity was still fresh, and moreover, he disliked Titus Vinius, or, if he did not, Vinius' enemies hoped he did: it is so easy to believe in hatred52. Scarcely had Piso departed, when there arrived a rumour that Otho had been killed in the camp. At first it was vague and uncertain, but eventually, as so often happens with daring lies, people began to assert that they had been present and seen the deed. Some were glad and some indifferent, so the news gained easy credence53. Many, however, thought that the report had been concocted54 and disseminated55 by friends of Otho, who now mingled56 in the crowd and tried to lure57 Galba out by spreading this agreeable falsehood. 35At this point not only the populace and the inexperienced mob but many of the knights58 and senators as well broke out into applause and unbridled enthusiasm. With their fear they had lost their caution. Breaking open the palace gates they rushed in and presented themselves before Galba, complaining that they had been forestalled60 in the task of revenge. All the cowards who, as events proved, could show no pluck in action, indulged in excessive heroics and lip-courage. Nobody knew, everybody talked. At last, for lack of the truth, Galba yielded to the consensus61 of error. When he had put on his 51breastplate he was lifted into a chair, for he was too old and infirm to stand against the crowds that kept flocking in. In the palace he was met by Julius Atticus, of the Body Guard, who displayed a dripping sword and shouted out that he had killed Otho. 'Comrade,' said Galba, 'who bade you?' Galba had a remarkable62 power of curbing63 soldiers' presumption64, for he was not afraid of threats nor moved by flattery.
36Meanwhile in Otho's camp there was no longer any doubt of the soldiers' unanimity65. Such was their enthusiasm that they were not content with carrying Otho shoulder-high in procession; they placed him among the standards on the platform, where shortly before a gilt66 statue of Galba had stood, and made a ring round him with their colours.61 Tribunes and centurions were allowed no approach: the common soldiers even called out, 'Beware of the officers.' The whole camp resounded67 with confused shouts of mutual68 encouragement. It was quite unlike the wavering and spiritless flattery of a civil mob. As new adherents69 streamed in, directly a soldier caught sight of one of them, he grasped him by the hand, flung his arms round him, kept him at his side, and dictated70 the oath of allegiance. Some commended their general to his soldiers, and some the soldiers to their general. Otho, for his part, was not slow to greet the crowd with outstretched hand and throw kisses to them. In every way he played the slave to gain a throne. When 52the whole legion of the marines had sworn allegiance, he gained confidence in his strength, and, considering that those whom he had incited71 individually needed a few words of general encouragement, he stood out on the rampart and began as follows:—37'In what guise72 I come forward to address you, Fellow Soldiers, I cannot tell. Dubbed73 emperor by you, I dare not call myself a private citizen: yet "emperor" I cannot say with another on the throne. And what am I to call you? That too will remain in doubt until it is decided whether you have here in your camp an enemy or an emperor of Rome. You hear how they clamour at once for my death and your punishment. So clear is it that we must fall or stand together. Doubtless Galba—such is his clemency—has already promised our destruction. Is he not the man who without the least excuse butchered thousands of utterly74 innocent soldiers?62 I shudder75 whenever I recall his ghastly entry into the city, when before the face of Rome he ordered the decimation of the troops whom at their humble76 petition he had taken under his protection. That is Galba's only "victory". These were the auspices77 under which he made his entry; and what glory has he brought to the throne he occupies, save the murder of Obultronius Sabinus and Cornelius Marcellus in Spain, of Betuus Cilo in Gaul, of Fonteius Capito in Germany, of Clodius Macer in Africa, of Cingonius on his march to Rome, of Turpilianus in the city, and of Nymphidius in the camp? What 53province is there in the empire that has not been polluted with massacre78? He calls it "salutary correction". For his "remedies" are what other people call crimes: his cruelty is disguised as "austerity", his avarice79 as "economy", while by "discipline" he means punishing and insulting you. It is but seven months since Nero's death, and already Icelus alone has embezzled80 more than all the depredations81 of Polyclitus and Vatinius and Aegialus63 put together. Why, Vinius would have been less greedy and lawless had he been emperor himself. As it is, he treats us as his own subjects and despises us as Galba's. His own fortune alone could provide the largess which they daily cast in your teeth but never pay into your pocket.
38'Nor in Galba's successor either is there any hope for you. Galba has seen to that. He has recalled from exile the man whose avarice and sour temper he judged most like his own. You witnessed for yourselves, my comrades, the extraordinary storm which signified Heaven's abhorrence82 at that ill-starred adoption. The Senate and People of Rome feel the same. They are counting on your courage. You alone can give strength to the right policy: it is powerless without you, however good it be. It is 54not to war and danger that I call you. All the troops are with us. That single plain-clothes cohort64 is no longer a defence to Galba, but a hindrance83. When once they have caught sight of you, when once they come to take their orders from me, the only quarrel between you will be who can do most to put me in their debt. There is no room for delay in plans which cannot be commended until they are put into action.'
Otho then gave orders to open the arsenal84. The soldiers immediately seized their arms in such haste that all the ordinary distinctions of the service were neglected: neither Guards nor Legionaries carried their own arms:65 in the confusion they took the helmets and shields of the auxiliaries85. There were no tribunes or centurions to encourage them: each man followed his own lead, and the rascals found their chief incentive86 in the consternation87 of the loyal. 39As the riot increased, Piso, alarmed by the din6 of their shouts, which could be heard even in the city, had overtaken Galba, who had meanwhile left the palace and was approaching the Forum88. Marius Celsus had also brought back no good news. Some were for returning to the palace, others for seeking the shelter of the Capitol, many for seizing the Rostra. The majority merely disagreed with other people's proposals, and, as so often happens 55in these disasters, the best course always seemed the one for which it was now too late. It is said that Laco, without Galba's knowledge, proposed the assassination89 of Titus Vinius, either with the idea that his execution would be a sop90 to the soldiers, or because he believed him Otho's accomplice91, or, as a last alternative, hatred may have been his motive92. However, the time and the place both bred scruples93; when killing94 once begins it is difficult to set a limit: besides, their plans were upset by the arrival of terrified messengers, by the continual desertion of their supporters, and by a general waning95 of enthusiasm even among those who at first had been the keenest to display their loyalty and courage.
40Galba was driven hither and thither96 by the tide of the surging mob. The temples and public buildings66 were crowded with spectators, who viewed a sorry scene. No shouts came from the crowd: astonishment97 was on their faces, and their ears open to every sound. There was neither uproar98 nor quiet, but the silence of strong emotion and alarm. However, a report reached Otho that the populace was arming. He bade his men fly headlong to forestall59 the danger. Off went the Roman soldiers as if they were going to drag Vologaesus or Pacorus from the ancestral throne of the Arsacids67—and not to butcher their own emperor, 56a helpless old man. Armed to the teeth, they broke at a full gallop99 into the Forum, scattering100 the populace and trampling101 senators under foot. Neither the sight of the Capitol nor the sanctity of the temples towering above them, nor the thought of Roman emperors past and to come, could avail to deter102 them from committing that crime which the next successor always avenges103.
41Seeing the armed ranks now close at hand, the standard-bearer of the cohort on guard over Galba68—tradition says his name was Atilius Vergilio—tore off the medallion of Galba69 and flung it to the ground. This signal clearly showed that all the troops were for Otho: the people fled from the deserted Forum and swords were drawn104 against any who lingered. Near 'Lake Curtius'70 Galba was precipitated105 from his chair by the panic-stricken haste of the bearers and flung to the ground. The accounts of his last words vary according as they are prompted by hatred or admiration106. Some say that he whined107 and asked what harm he had deserved, begging for a few days' respite108 to pay the troops their largess. The majority say that he offered his neck to the blow and bade them, 'Come, strike, if it serves the country's need.' Whatever he said mattered little to his assassins. As to the actual 57murderer there is a difference of opinion. Some say it was Terentius, a reservist,71 others that his name was Laecanius. The most common account is that a soldier of the Fifteenth legion, by name Camurius, pierced his throat with a sword-thrust. The others foully109 mangled110 his arms and legs (his breast was covered) and with bestial111 savagery112 continued to stab the headless corpse113. 42Then they made for Titus Vinius. Here, too, there is a doubt whether the fear of imminent114 death strangled his voice, or whether he called out that they had no mandate115 from Otho to kill him. He may have invented this in his terror, or it may have been a confession116 of his complicity in the plot. His whole life and reputation give reason to suppose that he was an accomplice in the crime of which he was the cause. He was brought to the ground in front of the temple of Julius by a blow on the knee, and afterwards a common soldier named Julius Carus ran him through with a sword.
43However, Rome found one hero that day. This was Sempronius Densus, a centurion of the Guards, who had been told off by Galba to protect Piso. Drawing his dagger117 he faced the armed assassins, flinging their treason in their teeth, and by his shouts and gestures turned their attention upon himself, thus enabling 58Piso to escape despite his wounds. Piso, reaching the temple of Vesta, was mercifully sheltered by the verger, who hid him in his lodging118. There, no reverence119 for this sanctuary120 but merely his concealment121 postponed122 his immediate death. Eventually, Otho, who was burning to have him killed,72 dispatched as special agents, Sulpicius Florus of the British cohorts, a man whom Galba had recently enfranchised123, and Statius Murcus of the Body Guard. They dragged Piso forth124 and butchered him on the threshold of the temple.
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1
importune
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| v.强求；不断请求 | |
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rumour
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| n.谣言，谣传，传闻 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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din
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| n.喧闹声，嘈杂声 | |
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adoption
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| n.采用，采纳，通过；收养 | |
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calamity
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| n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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deplore
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| vt.哀叹，对...深感遗憾 | |
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disturbance
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| n.动乱，骚动；打扰，干扰；(身心)失调 | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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squander
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| v.浪费，挥霍 | |
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lechery
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| n.好色；淫荡 | |
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intrigues
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| n.密谋策划( intrigue的名词复数 )；神秘气氛；引人入胜的复杂情节v.搞阴谋诡计( intrigue的第三人称单数 )；激起…的好奇心 | |
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prerogatives
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| n.权利( prerogative的名词复数 )；特权；大主教法庭；总督委任组成的法庭 | |
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rascals
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| 流氓( rascal的名词复数 )； 无赖； （开玩笑说法）淘气的人（尤指小孩）； 恶作剧的人 | |
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deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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centurion
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| n.古罗马的百人队长 | |
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precedent
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| n.先例，前例；惯例；adj.在前的，在先的 | |
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acquiescence
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| n.默许；顺从 | |
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recoil
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| vi.退却，退缩，畏缩 | |
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innocence
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| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
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bounty
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| n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与 | |
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loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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heed
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| v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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centurions
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| n.百人队长，百夫长（古罗马的军官，指挥百人）( centurion的名词复数 ) | |
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alienated
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| adj.感到孤独的，不合群的v.使疏远( alienate的过去式和过去分词 )；使不友好；转让；让渡（财产等） | |
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averted
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| 防止，避免( avert的过去式和过去分词 )； 转移 | |
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disarmed
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| v.裁军( disarm的过去式和过去分词 )；使息怒 | |
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hesitation
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| n.犹豫，踌躇 | |
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javelins
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| n.标枪( javelin的名词复数 ) | |
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physically
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| adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律 | |
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discordant
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| adj.不调和的 | |
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doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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conspirators
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| n.共谋者，阴谋家( conspirator的名词复数 ) | |
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sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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repent
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| v.悔悟，悔改，忏悔，后悔 | |
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conspiracy
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| n.阴谋，密谋，共谋 | |
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dally
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| v.荒废(时日)，调情 | |
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gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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unity
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| n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调 | |
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cowardice
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| n.胆小，怯懦 | |
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risky
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| adj.有风险的，冒险的 | |
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51
assailed
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| v.攻击( assail的过去式和过去分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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credence
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| n.信用，祭器台，供桌，凭证 | |
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concocted
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| v.将（尤指通常不相配合的）成分混合成某物( concoct的过去式和过去分词 )；调制；编造；捏造 | |
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disseminated
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| 散布，传播( disseminate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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lure
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| n.吸引人的东西，诱惑物；vt.引诱，吸引 | |
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knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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forestall
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| vt.抢在…之前采取行动；预先阻止 | |
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forestalled
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| v.先发制人，预先阻止( forestall的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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consensus
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| n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识 | |
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62
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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63
curbing
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| n.边石，边石的材料v.限制，克制，抑制( curb的现在分词 ) | |
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64
presumption
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| n.推测，可能性，冒昧，放肆，[法律]推定 | |
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unanimity
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| n.全体一致，一致同意 | |
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66
gilt
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| adj.镀金的；n.金边证券 | |
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67
resounded
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| v.（指声音等）回荡于某处( resound的过去式和过去分词 )；产生回响；（指某处）回荡着声音 | |
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mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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adherents
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| n.支持者，拥护者( adherent的名词复数 )；党羽；徒子徒孙 | |
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70
dictated
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| v.大声讲或读( dictate的过去式和过去分词 )；口授；支配；摆布 | |
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71
incited
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| 刺激，激励，煽动( incite的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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guise
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| n.外表，伪装的姿态 | |
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73
dubbed
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| v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制 | |
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74
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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75
shudder
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| v.战粟，震动，剧烈地摇晃；n.战粟，抖动 | |
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76
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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77
auspices
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| n.资助，赞助 | |
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78
massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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avarice
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| n.贪婪；贪心 | |
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80
embezzled
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| v.贪污，盗用（公款）( embezzle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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81
depredations
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| n.劫掠，毁坏( depredation的名词复数 ) | |
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82
abhorrence
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| n.憎恶；可憎恶的事 | |
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83
hindrance
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| n.妨碍，障碍 | |
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84
arsenal
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| n.兵工厂，军械库 | |
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85
auxiliaries
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| n.助动词 ( auxiliary的名词复数 )；辅助工，辅助人员 | |
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86
incentive
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| n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机 | |
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consternation
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| n.大为吃惊，惊骇 | |
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forum
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| n.论坛，讨论会 | |
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89
assassination
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| n.暗杀；暗杀事件 | |
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90
sop
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| n.湿透的东西，懦夫；v.浸，泡，浸湿 | |
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accomplice
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| n.从犯，帮凶，同谋 | |
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motive
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| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
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scruples
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| n.良心上的不安( scruple的名词复数 )；顾虑，顾忌v.感到于心不安，有顾忌( scruple的第三人称单数 ) | |
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killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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waning
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| adj.（月亮）渐亏的，逐渐减弱或变小的n.月亏v.衰落( wane的现在分词 )；（月）亏；变小；变暗淡 | |
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96
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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98
uproar
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| n.骚动，喧嚣，鼎沸 | |
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gallop
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| v./n.(马或骑马等)飞奔；飞速发展 | |
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scattering
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| n.[物]散射；散乱，分散；在媒介质中的散播adj.散乱的；分散在不同范围的；广泛扩散的；（选票）数量分散的v.散射(scatter的ing形式)；散布；驱散 | |
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101
trampling
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| 踩( trample的现在分词 )； 践踏； 无视； 侵犯 | |
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102
deter
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| vt.阻止，使不敢，吓住 | |
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103
avenges
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| v.为…复仇，报…之仇( avenge的第三人称单数 )；为…报复 | |
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104
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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105
precipitated
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| v.（突如其来地）使发生( precipitate的过去式和过去分词 )；促成；猛然摔下；使沉淀 | |
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106
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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107
whined
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| v.哀号( whine的过去式和过去分词 )；哀诉，诉怨 | |
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108
respite
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| n.休息，中止，暂缓 | |
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109
foully
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| ad.卑鄙地 | |
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110
mangled
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| vt.乱砍（mangle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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111
bestial
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| adj.残忍的；野蛮的 | |
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112
savagery
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| n.野性 | |
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113
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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114
imminent
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| adj.即将发生的，临近的，逼近的 | |
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115
mandate
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| n.托管地；命令，指示 | |
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116
confession
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| n.自白，供认，承认 | |
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117
dagger
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| n.匕首，短剑，剑号 | |
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118
lodging
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| n.寄宿，住所；(大学生的)校外宿舍 | |
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119
reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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120
sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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121
concealment
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| n.隐藏, 掩盖，隐瞒 | |
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122
postponed
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| vt.& vi.延期，缓办，（使）延迟vt.把…放在次要地位；[语]把…放在后面（或句尾）vi.（疟疾等）延缓发作（或复发） | |
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123
enfranchised
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| v.给予选举权( enfranchise的过去式和过去分词 )；（从奴隶制中）解放 | |
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124
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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